| bacteria stimulate hatching of yellow fever mosquito eggs. | aedes aegypti linnaeus is a peridomestic mosquito that lays desiccation-resistant eggs in water-filled human-made containers. previous investigations connected egg hatching with declining dissolved oxygen (do) that is associated with bacterial growth. however, past studies failed to uncouple do from other potential stimulatory factors and they contained little quantitative information about the microbial community; consequently, a direct role for bacteria or compounds associated with bacteria in ... | 2011 | 21915323 |
| applications of next-generation sequencing technologies to diagnostic virology. | novel dna sequencing techniques, referred to as "next-generation" sequencing (ngs), provide high speed and throughput that can produce an enormous volume of sequences with many possible applications in research and diagnostic settings. in this article, we provide an overview of the many applications of ngs in diagnostic virology. ngs techniques have been used for high-throughput whole viral genome sequencing, such as sequencing of new influenza viruses, for detection of viral genome variability ... | 2011 | 22174638 |
| effects of metarhizium anisopliae conidia mixed with soil against the eggs of aedes aegypti. | the effectiveness of metarhizium anisopliae ip 46 conidia mixed with soil was tested against aedes aegypti eggs. mycelium and new conidia developed first on eggs between 4.8 and 15 days respectively after incubation of fungus-treated soils at 3.3 × 10(3) up to 3.3 × 10(5) conidia/g soil at 25°c and relative humidities close to saturation. after 15-day incubation, 53.3% of the eggs exposed to soil with 3.3 × 10(5) conidia/g showed external development of mycelium and conidia. fungus-inoculated so ... | 2011 | 21984368 |
| exploring mechanisms of multiple insecticide resistance in a population of the malaria vector anopheles funestus in benin. | the insecticide resistance status of the malaria vector anopheles funestus and the underlying resistance mechanisms remain uncharacterised in many parts of africa, notably in benin, west africa. to fill this gap in our knowledge, we assessed the susceptibility status of a population of this species in pahou, southern benin and investigated the potential resistance mechanisms. | 2011 | 22110757 |
| effects of hormone agonists on sf9 cells, proliferation and cell cycle arrest. | methoxyfenozide and methoprene are two insecticides that mimic the action of the main hormones involved in the control of insect growth and development, 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone. we investigated their effect on the spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cell line. methoxyfenozide was more toxic than methoprene in cell viability tests and more potent in the inhibition of cellular proliferation. cell growth arrest occurred in the g2/m phase after a methoprene treatment and more modestly in g1 af ... | 2011 | 21991338 |
| pathogen-origin horizontally transferred genes contribute to the evolution of lepidopteran insects. | abstract: | 2011 | 22151541 |
| Structural basis of trypsin inhibition and entomotoxicity of cospin, a serine protease inhibitor involved in defence of Coprinopsis cinerea fruiting bodies. | Cospin (PIC1) from Coprinopsis cinerea is a serine protease inhibitor with biochemical properties similar to those of the previously characterized fungal serine protease inhibitors, cnispin from Clitocybe nebularis and LeSPI from Lentinus edodes, classified in the family I66 of the MEROPS protease inhibitor classification. In particular, it exhibits a highly specific inhibitory profile as a very strong inhibitor of trypsin with Ki in the picomolar range. Determination of the crystal structure re ... | 2011 | 22167196 |
| larval nutritional stress does not affect vector competence for west nile virus (wnv) in culex tarsalis. | in some mosquito species the conditions experienced by larvae during development have been shown to lead to changes in susceptibility to various arboviruses in the adult female. since laboratory mosquitoes are generally reared under ideal conditions, mosquito vector competence experiments in the laboratory may not accurately reflect vector?virus relationships in nature. we examined the consequences of larval nutritional stress on culex tarsalis vector competence for west nile virus (wnv). larval ... | 2011 | 21867417 |
| native microbiota shape insect vector competence for human pathogens. | the resident microbiota of insect vectors can impede transmission of human pathogens. recent studies have highlighted the capacity of endogenous bacteria to decrease viral and parasitic infections in mosquito and tsetse fly vectors by activating their immune responses or directly inhibiting pathogen development. these microbes may prove effective agents for manipulating the vector competence of malaria and other important human pathogens. | 2011 | 22018231 |
| Utility of the Tourniquet Test and the White Blood Cell Count to Differentiate Dengue among Acute Febrile Illnesses in the Emergency Room. | Dengue often presents with non-specific clinical signs, and given the current paucity of accurate, rapid diagnostic laboratory tests, identifying easily obtainable bedside markers of dengue remains a priority. Previous studies in febrile Asian children have suggested that the combination of a positive tourniquet test (TT) and leucopenia can distinguish dengue from other febrile illnesses, but little data exists on the usefulness of these tests in adults or in the Americas. We evaluated the diagn ... | 2011 | 22163057 |
| preventive and therapeutic euphol treatment attenuates experimental colitis in mice. | the tetracyclic triterpene euphol is the main constituent found in the sap of euphorbia tirucalli. this plant is widely known in brazilian traditional medicine for its use in the treatment of several kinds of cancer, including leukaemia, prostate and breast cancers. here, we investigated the effect of euphol on experimental models of colitis and the underlying mechanisms involved in its action. | 2011 | 22073270 |
| lipophorin acts as a shuttle of lipids to the milk gland during tsetse fly pregnancy. | during pregnancy in the viviparous tsetse fly, lipid mobilization is essential for the production of milk to feed the developing intrauterine larva. lipophorin (lp) functions as the major lipid transport protein in insects and closely-related arthropods. in this study, we assessed the role of lp and the lipophorin receptor (lpr) in the lipid mobilization process during tsetse reproduction. we identified single gene sequences for gmmlp and gmmlpr from the genome of glossinamorsitansmorsitans, and ... | 2011 | 21875592 |
| Dengue virus and autophagy. | Several independent groups have published that autophagy is required for optimal RNA replication of dengue virus (DENV). Initially, it was postulated that autophagosomes might play a structural role in replication complex formation. However, cryo-EM tomography of DENV replication complexes showed that DENV replicates on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae invaginations and not on classical autophagosomes. Recently, it was reported that autophagy plays an indirect role in DENV replication by mod ... | 2011 | 21994782 |
| a novel herbal formulation against dengue vector mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | the objective of this study was to develop a herbal formulation to control dengue vector mosquitoes. ponneem, a novel herbal formulation prepared using the oils of neem (azadirachta indica), karanj (pongamia glabra) and their extracts, was tested for larvicidal, ovicidal and oviposition deterrent activities against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus at 1, 0.5, 0.3 and 0.1 ppm concentrations. cent percent larvicidal and ovicidal activities were observed at 0.1 ppm in the two mosquito species unde ... | 2011 | 22042505 |
| down regulation of a gene for cadherin, but not alkaline phosphatase, associated with cry1ab resistance in the sugarcane borer diatraea saccharalis. | the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis, is a major target pest of transgenic corn expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins (i.e., cry1ab) in south america and the mid-southern region of the united states. evolution of insecticide resistance in such target pests is a major threat to the durability of transgenic bt crops. understanding the pests' resistance mechanisms will facilitate development of effective strategies for delaying or countering resistance. alterations in expression of c ... | 2011 | 21991350 |
| wolbachia induces reactive oxygen species (ros)-dependent activation of the toll pathway to control dengue virus in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | wolbachia are maternally transmitted symbiotic bacteria that can spread within insect populations because of their unique ability to manipulate host reproduction. when introduced to nonnative mosquito hosts, wolbachia induce resistance to a number of human pathogens, including dengue virus (denv), plasmodium, and filarial nematodes, but the molecular mechanism involved is unclear. in this study, we have deciphered how wolbachia infection affects the aedes aegypti host in inducing resistance to d ... | 2011 | 22123956 |
| novel flaviviruses detected in different species of mosquitoes in spain. | abstract we report the characterization of three novel flaviviruses isolated in spain. marisma mosquito virus, a novel mosquito borne virus, was isolated from ochlerotatus caspius mosquitoes; spanish ochlerotatus flavivirus and spanish culex flavivirus, two novel insect flaviviruses, were isolated from oc. caspius and culex pipiens, respectively. during this investigation, we designed a sensitive rt-nested polymerase chain reaction method that amplifies a 1019bp fragment of the flavivirus ns5 ... | 2011 | 22022811 |
| structural insight of dopamine β-hydroxylase, a drug target for complex traits, and functional significance of exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms. | human dopamine β-hydroxylase (dbh) is an important therapeutic target for complex traits. several single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have also been identified in dbh with potential adverse physiological effect. however, difficulty in obtaining diffractable crystals and lack of a suitable template for modeling the protein has ensured that neither crystallographic three-dimensional structure nor computational model for the enzyme is available to aid rational drug design, prediction of function ... | 2011 | 22028891 |
| Carboxypeptidase O is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored intestinal peptidase with acidic amino acid specificity. | The first metallocarboxypeptidase (CP) was identified in pancreatic extracts more than 80 years ago and named carboxypeptidase A (CPA; now known as CPA1). Since that time, seven additional mammalian members of the CPA subfamily have been described, all of which are initially produced as proenzymes, are activated by endoproteases, and remove either C-terminal hydrophobic or basic amino acids from peptides. Here we describe the enzymatic and structural properties of carboxypeptidase O (CPO), a pre ... | 2011 | 21921028 |
| Moment-to-moment flight manoeuvres of the female yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti L.) in response to plumes of carbon dioxide and human skin odour. | Odours are crucial cues enabling female mosquitoes to orient to prospective hosts. However, their in-flight manoeuvres to host odours are virtually unknown. Here we analyzed in 3-D the video records of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes flying in a wind tunnel in response to host odour plumes that differed in spatial structure and composition. Following a brief (~0.03 s) encounter with CO(2), mosquitoes surged upwind and, in the absence of further encounters, counterturned without displacing upwind ... | 2011 | 21957112 |
| bioactivity evaluation of plant extracts used in indigenous medicine against the snail, biomphalaria glabrata, and the larvae of aedes aegypti. | this investigation examined the molluscicidal and larvicidal activity of eight plants that are used in the traditional medicine of the pankararé indigenous people in the raso da catarina region, bahia state, brazil. the tested plants were chosen based on the results of previous studies. only those plants that were used either as insect repellents or to treat intestinal parasitic infections were included in the study. crude extracts (ces) of these plants were tested for their larvicidal activity ... | 2012 | 22194773 |
| evolution of the max and mlx networks in animals. | transcription factors (tfs) are essential for the regulation of gene expression and often form emergent complexes to perform vital roles in cellular processes. in this paper, we focus on the parallel max and mlx networks of tfs because of their critical involvement in cell cycle regulation, proliferation, growth, metabolism, and apoptosis. a basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper (bhlhz) domain mediates the competitive protein dimerization and dna binding among max and mlx network members to form a compl ... | 2011 | 21859806 |
| Factors influencing the seasonal abundance of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and the control strategy of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever in Thanlyin Township, Yangon City, Myanmar. | From June 2006 to May 2007, mosquito surveys were conducted in Thanlyin Township, Yangon City, Myanmar, to determine factors influencing the abundance of Aedes aegypti (Stegomyia aegypti) during the rainy season. Both the biological and environmental factors were included in this study. Increase in the hatchability of egg, larval survival rate, the shortened larval life-span and increased pupation rates supplemented by rainfall (i.e. continuous flooding of the containers, stimulate the ... | 2011 | 22041749 |
| The Enhancer of split complex arose prior to the diversification of schizophoran flies and is strongly conserved between Drosophila and stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae). | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In Drosophila, the Enhancer of Split complex (E(spl)-C) comprises 11 bHLH and Bearded genes that function during Notch signaling to repress proneural identity in the developing peripheral nervous system. Comparison with other insects indicates that the basal state for Diptera is a single bHLH and Bearded homolog and that the expansion of the gene complex occurred in the lineage leading to Drosophila. However, comparative genomic data from other fly species that would eluci ... | 2011 | 22151427 |
| Constraints on the use of lifespan-shortening Wolbachia to control dengue fever. | Dengue fever, a viral disease spread by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, affects 50-100 million people a year in many tropical countries. Because the virus must incubate within mosquito hosts for two weeks before being able to transmit the infection, shortening the lifespan of mosquitoes may curtail dengue transmission. We developed a continuous time reaction-diffusion model of the spatial spread of Wolbachia through a population of A. aegypti. This model incorporates the lifespan-shortening effects ... | 2011 | 22192469 |
| prevalence and factors associated with leishmania infantum infection of dogs from an urban area of brazil as identified by molecular methods. | various factors contribute to the urbanization of the visceral leishmaniasis (vl), including the difficulties of implementing control measures relating to the domestic reservoir. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an urban endemic area in brazil and the factors associated with leishmania infantum infection among seronegative and pcr-positive dogs. | 2011 | 21858243 |
| Conditions of malaria transmission in Dakar from 2007 to 2010. | Previous studies in Dakar have highlighted the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of Anopheles gambiae s.l. biting rates. In order to improve the knowledge of the determinants of malaria transmission in this city, the present study reports the results of an extensive entomological survey that was conducted in 45 areas in Dakar from 2007 to 2010. | 2011 | 22018223 |
| mosquito-associated dengue virus, key west, florida, usa, 2010. | | 2011 | 22099104 |
| Dynamics of dengue disease severity determined by the interplay between viral genetics and serotype-specific immunity. | The rapid spread of dengue is a worldwide public health problem. In two clinical studies of dengue in Managua, Nicaragua, we observed an abrupt increase in disease severity across several epidemic seasons of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) transmission. Waning DENV-1 immunity appeared to increase the risk of severe disease in subsequent DENV-2 infections after a period of cross-protection. The increase in severity coincided with replacement of the Asian/American DENV-2 NI-1 clade with a new vir ... | 2011 | 22190239 |
| Alterations in the Aedes aegypti transcriptome during infection with West Nile, dengue and yellow fever viruses. | West Nile (WNV), dengue (DENV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses are (re)emerging, mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause human disease and mortality worldwide. Alterations in mosquito gene expression common and unique to individual flaviviral infections are poorly understood. Here, we present a microarray analysis of the Aedes aegypti transcriptome over time during infection with DENV, WNV or YFV. We identified 203 mosquito genes that were = 5-fold differentially up-regulated (DUR) and 202 genes t ... | 2011 | 21909258 |
| characterizing the host and symbiont proteomes in the association between the bobtail squid, euprymna scolopes, and the bacterium, vibrio fischeri. | the beneficial symbiosis between the hawaiian bobtail squid, euprymna scolopes, and the bioluminescent bacterium, vibrio fischeri, provides a unique opportunity to study host/microbe interactions within a natural microenvironment. colonization of the squid light organ by v. fischeri begins a lifelong association with a regulated daily rhythm. each morning the host expels an exudate from the light organ consisting of 95% of the symbiont population in addition to host hemocytes and shed epithelial ... | 2011 | 21998678 |
| Families of transposable elements, population structure and the origin of species. | Eukaryotic genomes harbor diverse families of repetitive DNA derived from transposable elements (TEs) that are able to replicate and insert into genomic DNA. The biological role of TEs remains unclear, although they have profound mutagenic impact on eukaryotic genomes and the origin of repetitive families often correlates with speciation events. We present a new hypothesis to explain the observed correlations based on classical concepts of population genetics. | 2011 | 21929767 |
| piggybac transposon remobilization and enhancer detection in anopheles mosquitoes. | technical advances in mosquito biology are enabling the development of new approaches to vector control. absent are powerful forward-genetics technologies, such as enhancer and gene traps, that permit determination of gene functions from the phenotypes arising from transposon insertion mutations. we show that the piggybac transposon is highly active in the germline of the human malaria vector anopheles stephensi. up to 6% of the progeny from transgenic a. stephensi containing a single 6-kb piggy ... | 2011 | 21930941 |
| arbovirus high fidelity variant loses fitness in mosquitoes and mice. | the error rate of rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrp) affects the mutation frequency in a population of viral rnas. using chikungunya virus (chikv), we describe a unique arbovirus fidelity variant with a single c483y amino acid change in the nsp4 rdrp that increases replication fidelity and generates populations with reduced genetic diversity. in mosquitoes, high fidelity chikv presents lower infection and dissemination titers than wild type. in newborn mice, high fidelity chikv produces trunca ... | 2011 | 21896755 |
| natural vertical transmission of dengue viruses by aedes aegypti in bolivia. | the natural transmission of dengue virus from an infected female mosquito to its progeny, namely the vertical transmission, was researched in wild caught aedes aegypti during an important outbreak in the town of santa cruz de la sierra, bolivia. mosquitoes were collected at the preimaginal stages (eggs, larvae and pupae) then reared up to adult stage for viral detection using molecular methods. dengue virus serotypes 1 and 3 were found to be co-circulating with significant higher prevalence in m ... | 2011 | 21894270 |
| maternal environment shapes the life history and susceptibility to malaria of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. | abstract: background: it is becoming generally recognized that an individual's phenotype can be shaped not only by its own genotype and environmental experience, but also by its mother's environment and condition. maternal environmental factors can influence mosquitoes' population dynamics and susceptibility to malaria, and therefore directly and indirectly the epidemiology of malaria. methods: in a full factorial experiment, the effects of two environmental stressors - food availability and i ... | 2011 | 22188602 |
| a natural polymorphism alters odour and deet sensitivity in an insect odorant receptor. | blood-feeding insects such as mosquitoes are efficient vectors of human infectious diseases because they are strongly attracted by body heat, carbon dioxide and odours produced by their vertebrate hosts. insect repellents containing deet (n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide) are highly effective, but the mechanism by which this chemical wards off biting insects remains controversial despite decades of investigation. deet seems to act both at close range as a contact chemorepellent, by affecting insect gu ... | 2011 | 21937991 |
| larval development of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in peri-urban brackish water and its implications for transmission of arboviral diseases. | aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and aedes albopictus skuse mosquitoes transmit serious human arboviral diseases including yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. females of the two species have adapted to undergo preimaginal development in natural or artificial collections of freshwater near human habitations and feed on human blood. while there is an effective vaccine against yellow fever, the control of dengue and chikungunya is mainly dependent on reducing f ... | 2011 | 22132243 |
| circulation of different lineages of dengue virus type 2 in central america, their evolutionary time-scale and selection pressure analysis. | dengue is caused by any of the four serotypes of dengue virus (denv-1 to 4). each serotype is genetically distant from the others, and each has been subdivided into different genotypes based on phylogenetic analysis. the study of dengue evolution in endemic regions is important since the diagnosis is often made by nucleic acid amplification tests, which depends upon recognition of the viral genome target, and natural occurring mutations can affect the performance of these assays. here we report ... | 2011 | 22076162 |
| An Expression Map for Anopheles gambiae. | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Quantitative transcriptome data for the malaria-transmitting mosquito Anopheles gambiae covers a broad range of biological and experimental conditions, including development, blood feeding and infection. Web-based summaries of differential expression for individual genes with respect to these conditions are a useful tool for the biologist, but they lack the context that a visualisation of all genes with respect to all conditions would give. For most organisms, including A. ... | 2011 | 22185628 |
| vipr: an open bioinformatics database and analysis resource for virology research. | the virus pathogen database and analysis resource (vipr, www.viprbrc.org) is an integrated repository of data and analysis tools for multiple virus families, supported by the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases (niaid) bioinformatics resource centers (brc) program. vipr contains information for human pathogenic viruses belonging to the arenaviridae, bunyaviridae, caliciviridae, coronaviridae, flaviviridae, filoviridae, hepeviridae, herpesviridae, paramyxoviridae, picornaviridae ... | 2012 | 22006842 |
| optimal timing of insecticide fogging to minimize dengue cases: modeling dengue transmission among various seasonalities and transmission intensities. | dengue infection is endemic in many regions throughout the world. while insecticide fogging targeting the vector mosquito aedes aegypti is a major control measure against dengue epidemics, the impact of this method remains controversial. a previous mathematical simulation study indicated that insecticide fogging minimized cases when conducted soon after peak disease prevalence, although the impact was minimal, possibly because seasonality and population immunity were not considered. periodic out ... | 2011 | 22039560 |
| Analyses of Expressed Sequence Tags from Chironomus riparius Using Pyrosequencing : Molecular Ecotoxicology Perspective. | Chironomus riparius, a non-biting midge (Chironomidae, Diptera), is extensively used as a model organism in aquatic ecotoxicological studies, and considering the potential of C. riparius larvae as a bio-monitoring species, little is known about its genome sequences. This study reports the results of an Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) sequencing project conducted on C. riparius larvae using 454 pyrosequencing. | 2011 | 22125771 |
| the anisin1 gene encodes a defensin-like protein and supports the fitness of aspergillus nidulans. | in the genome of aspergillus nidulans, a defensin-like protein, anisin1, was annotated with high homology to the mosquito defensin aadefa1. so far, no studies exist on defensins from filamentous ascomycetes. therefore, we characterized the anisin1 gene in a. nidulans and generated a deletion mutant, which suffered from a defect in mitospore development and produced less conidia at 42°c compared to the reference strain. in surface cultures of a. nidulans wild type, the anisin1 expression correlat ... | 2011 | 22113351 |
| Comparative genomics of the anopheline glutathione s-transferase epsilon cluster. | Enzymes of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family play critical roles in detoxification of xenobiotics across many taxa. While GSTs are ubiquitous both in animals and plants, the GST epsilon class (GSTE) is insect-specific and has been associated with resistance to chemical insecticides. While both Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae GSTE clusters consist of eight members, only four putative orthologs are identifiable between the species, suggesting independent expansions of the class in eac ... | 2011 | 22206003 |
| label-free electrochemical detection of the specific oligonucleotide sequence of dengue virus type 1 on pencil graphite electrodes. | a biosensor that relies on the adsorption immobilization of the 18-mer single-stranded nucleic acid related to dengue virus gene 1 on activated pencil graphite was developed. hybridization between the probe and its complementary oligonucleotides (the target) was investigated by monitoring guanine oxidation by differential pulse voltammetry (dpv). the pencil graphite electrode was made of ordinary pencil lead (type 4b). the polished surface of the working electrode was activated by applying a pot ... | 2011 | 22163916 |
| Potential impact of a presumed increase in the biting activity of dengue-virus-infected Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) females on virus transmission dynamics. | Recently, we showed that infection with dengue virus increases the locomotor activity of Aedes aegypti females. We speculate that the observed increased locomotor activity could potentially increase the chances of finding a suitable host and, as a consequence, the relative biting rate of infected mosquitoes. We used a mathematical model to investigate the impact of the increased locomotor activity by assuming that this activity translated into an increased biting rate for infected mosquitoes. Th ... | 2011 | 22012232 |
| behavioral responses and bioefficacy of some aromatic amides against aedes aegypti. | a series of substituted aromatic amides by varying the chain length, substitution of methyl, methoxy, chloro, and fluoro groups at ortho-, meta-, and para-positions of the phenyl ring of n,n-diethyl-2-phenylacetamide were synthesized. laboratory studies were carried out to observe the behavioral responses and repellent activity of these newly synthesized aromatic amides against aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes. the deterrent activity of these synthetic amides against any vectors has not been report ... | 2011 | 21882706 |
| experimental transmission of mayaro virus by aedes aegypti. | outbreaks of mayaro fever have been associated with a sylvatic cycle of mayaro virus (mayv) transmission in south america. to evaluate the potential for a common urban mosquito to transmit mayv, laboratory vector competence studies were performed with aedes aegypti from iquitos, peru. oral infection in ae. aegypti ranged from 0% (0/31) to 84% (31/37), with blood meal virus titers between 3.4 log(10) and 7.3 log(10) plaque-forming units (pfu)/ml. transmission of mayv by 70% (21/30) of infected mo ... | 2011 | 21976583 |
| Ookinete-interacting proteins on the microvillar surface are partitioned into detergent resistant membranes of Anopheles gambiae midguts. | Lipid raft microdomains, a component of detergent resistant membranes (DRMs), are routinely exploited by pathogens during host-cell entry. Multiple membrane-surface proteins mediate Plasmodium ookinete invasion of the Anopheles midgut, a critical step in the parasite life cycle that is successfully targeted by transmission-blocking vaccines (TBV). Given that lipid rafts are a common feature of host-pathogen interactions, we hypothesized that they promote the partitioning of midgut surface protei ... | 2011 | 21905706 |
| morphological analysis of tissue reaction caused by a new endodontic paste in subcutaneous tissue of rats. | to assess the biocompatibility of an experimental endodontic paste based on the ethyl acetate fraction of pothomorphe umbellata + calcium hydroxide, using propylene glycol as vehicle, in connective tissue of rats. | 2011 | 22025840 |
| Analysis of Transcriptome Differences between Resistant and Susceptible Strains of the Citrus Red Mite Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae). | The citrus red mite is a worldwide citrus pest and a common sensitizing allergen of asthma and rhinitis. It has developed strong resistance to many registered acaricides, However, the molecular mechanisms of resistance remain unknown. we therefore used next generation sequencing technology to investigate the global transcriptomes between resistant strains and susceptible strains. | 2011 | 22162774 |
| Functional validation of the carbon dioxide receptor genes in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes using RNA interference. | Carbon dioxide (CO(2) ) is an important long-range chemosensory cue used by blood-feeding female mosquitoes to find their hosts. The CO(2) receptor in Drosophila melanogaster was previously determined to be a heterodimer comprised of two gustatory receptor (Gr) proteins, DmGr21a and DmGr63a. In the mosquito Aedes aegypti, two putative orthologous genes, AaGr1 and AaGr3, were identified in the genome database, along with an apparent paralogue of AaGr1, AaGr2. In this study, RNA interference (RNA ... | 2011 | 22122783 |
| Molecular evolution of the insect-specific flaviviruses. | There has been an explosion in the discovery of 'insect-specific' flaviviruses and/or their related sequences in natural mosquito populations. Herein we review all 'insect-specific' flaviviral sequences currently available and conduct phylogenetic analyses of both the 'insect-specific' flaviviruses and available sequences of the entire genus Flavivirus. We show that there is no statistical support for virus-mosquito co-divergence, suggesting that the 'insect-specific' flaviviruses may have under ... | 2011 | 22012464 |
| Globalization, land use, and the invasion of West Nile virus. | Many invasive species that have been spread through the globalization of trade and travel are pathogens. A paradigmatic case is the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999. A decade of research on the ecology and evolution of WNV includes three findings that provide insight into the outcome of future pathogen introductions. First, WNV transmission in North America is highest in urbanized and agricultural habitats, in part because the hosts and vectors of WNV are abundant ... | 2011 | 22021850 |
| lulo cell line derived from lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae): a novel model to assay leishmania spp. and vector interaction. | leishmania (vianna) braziliensis, leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis and leishmania (leishmania) chagasi are important parasites in the scenario of leishmaniasis in brazil. during the life cycle of these parasites, the promastigote forms adhere to the midgut epithelial microvillii of phlebotomine insects to avoid being secreted along with digestive products. lulo cells are a potential model that will help to understand the features of this adhesion phenomenon. here, we analyze the interaction b ... | 2011 | 22082050 |
| comparative evaluation of systemic drugs for their effects against anopheles gambiae. | laboratory and field studies have shown that ivermectin, a drug that targets invertebrate ligand-gated ion channels (lgics), is potently active against anopheles spp. mosquitoes at concentrations present in human blood after standard drug administrations; thus ivermectin holds promise as a mass human-administered endectocide that could help suppress malaria parasite transmission. we evaluated other systemic lgic-targeting drugs for their activities against the african malaria vector anopheles ga ... | 2012 | 22019935 |
| Enhanced production of mosquitocidal cyclic lipopeptide from Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis. | A cyclic lipopeptide, surfactin produced by a strain of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis (VCRC B471) was found to exhibit activity against both the larval and pupal stages of mosquitoes. The present study was aimed at increasing the production of the mosquitocidal metabolite by modifying the conventional medium. | 2011 | 22089610 |
| distinct functions of evolutionary conserved msf1 and late embryogenesis abundant (lea)-like domains in mitochondria. | prelid1, the only late embryogenesis abundant (lea) domain-containing protein in humans, exerts cytoprotective effects through its lea domain within the mitochondria. although prelid1 homologs in vertebrates contain the lea domain, homologs in lower eukaryotes are thought to lack this domain. in this study, we identify a novel lea-like domain in a yeast prelid1 homolog, ups2p, which contains sequence conservation with the lea domain of human prelid1. prelid1 homologs, including ups2p, are known ... | 2011 | 21930701 |
| A physical interaction network of dengue virus and human proteins. | Dengue virus (DENV), an emerging mosquito-transmitted pathogen capable of causing severe disease in humans, interacts with host cell factors to create a more favorable environment for replication. However, few interactions between DENV and human proteins have been reported to date. To identify DENV-human protein interactions, we used high-throughput yeast two-hybrid assays to screen the 10 DENV proteins against a human liver activation domain library. From 45 DNA-binding domain clones containing ... | 2011 | 21911577 |
| Identification of a TPX2-Like Microtubule-Associated Protein in Drosophila. | Chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis relies on the spindle and the functions of numerous microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). One of the best-studied spindle MAPs is the highly conserved TPX2, which has been reported to have characteristic intracellular dynamics and molecular activities, such as nuclear localisation in interphase, poleward movement in the metaphase spindle, microtubule nucleation, microtubule stabilisation, microtubule bundling, Aurora A kinase activation, kinesi ... | 2011 | 22140519 |
| Juvenile Hormone (JH) Esterase of the Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Is Not a Target of the JH Analog Insecticide Methoprene. | Juvenile hormones (JHs) are essential sesquiterpenes that control insect development and reproduction. JH analog (JHA) insecticides such as methoprene are compounds that mimic the structure and/or biological activity of JH. In this study we obtained a full-length cDNA, cqjhe, from the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus that encodes CqJHE, an esterase that selectively metabolizes JH. Unlike other recombinant esterases that have been identified from dipteran insects, CqJHE hydrolyzed J ... | 2011 | 22174797 |
| Members of the salivary gland surface protein (SGS) family are major immunogenic components of mosquito saliva. | Mosquitoes transmit Plasmodium and certain arboviruses during blood feeding, when they are injected along with saliva. Mosquito saliva interferes with the host's hemostasis and inflammation response and influences the transmission success of some pathogens. One family of mosquito salivary gland proteins, named SGS, is composed of large bacterial-type proteins that in Aedes aegypti were implicated as receptors for Plasmodium on the basal salivary gland surface. Here, we characterize the biology o ... | 2011 | 21965675 |
| Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates from Cuba, with insecticidal activity against mosquitoes. | Chemical insecticides may be toxic and cause environmental degradation. Consequently, biological control for insects represents an alternative with low ecological impact. In this work, three soil isolates (A21, A51 and C17) from different regions of the Cuban archipelago were identified, characterized and evaluated against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The new isolates were compared with reference IPS82 strain and two strains isolated from biolarvicides Bactivec and Bactoculicida, re ... | 2011 | 22017108 |
| A detailed history of intron-rich eukaryotic ancestors inferred from a global survey of 100 complete genomes. | Protein-coding genes in eukaryotes are interrupted by introns, but intron densities widely differ between eukaryotic lineages. Vertebrates, some invertebrates and green plants have intron-rich genes, with 6-7 introns per kilobase of coding sequence, whereas most of the other eukaryotes have intron-poor genes. We reconstructed the history of intron gain and loss using a probabilistic Markov model (Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC) on 245 orthologous genes from 99 genomes representing the three of t ... | 2011 | 21935348 |
| VectorBase: improvements to a bioinformatics resource for invertebrate vector genomics. | VectorBase (http://www.vectorbase.org) is a NIAID-supported bioinformatics resource for invertebrate vectors of human pathogens. It hosts data for nine genomes: mosquitoes (three Anopheles gambiae genomes, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus), tick (Ixodes scapularis), body louse (Pediculus humanus), kissing bug (Rhodnius prolixus) and tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans). Hosted data range from genomic features and expression data to population genetics and ontologies. We describe improvements ... | 2012 | 22135296 |
| Successful establishment of Wolbachia in Aedes populations to suppress dengue transmission. | Genetic manipulations of insect populations for pest control have been advocated for some time, but there are few cases where manipulated individuals have been released in the field and no cases where they have successfully invaded target populations. Population transformation using the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia is particularly attractive because this maternally-inherited agent provides a powerful mechanism to invade natural populations through cytoplasmic incompatibility. When Wolbachia ... | 2011 | 21866160 |
| Identification of the Midgut Microbiota of An. stephensi and An. maculipennis for Their Application as a Paratransgenic Tool against Malaria. | The midgut microbiota associated with Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles maculipennis (Diptera: Culicidae) was investigated for development of a paratransgenesis-based approach to control malaria transmission in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Here, we present the results of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and biochemical-based approaches to identify the female adult and larvae mosquitoe microbiota of these two major malaria vectors, originated from South Eastern and North of Iran. Plating ... | 2011 | 22163022 |
| Thermal sensitivity of Aedes aegypti from Australia: empirical data and prediction of effects on distribution. | An understanding of physiological sensitivity to temperature and its variability is important for predicting habitat suitability for disease vectors under different climatic regimes. In this study, we characterized the thermal sensitivity of larval developmental rates and survival in several Australian mainland populations of the dengue virus vector Aedes aegypti. Males developed more rapidly than females, but there were no differences among populations for development time or survival despite p ... | 2011 | 21845954 |
| mayaro fever in the city of manaus, brazil, 2007-2008. | abstract mayaro alphavirus is an arbovirus that causes outbreaks of acute febrile illness in the amazon region of south america. we show here the cases of mayaro fever that occurred in 2007-2008, in manaus, a large city and capital of the amazonas state, in western brazilian amazon. igm antibodies to mayaro virus (mayv) were detected by an enzyme immunoassay using infected cell cultures as antigen in the sera of 33 patients from both genera and 6-65 years old. mayv genome was also detected by ... | 2011 | 21923266 |
| SH3 domain-mediated recruitment of host cell amphiphysins by alphavirus nsP3 promotes viral RNA replication. | Among the four non-structural proteins of alphaviruses the function of nsP3 is the least well understood. NsP3 is a component of the viral replication complex, and composed of a conserved aminoterminal macro domain implicated in viral RNA synthesis, and a poorly conserved carboxyterminal region. Despite the lack of overall homology we noted a carboxyterminal proline-rich sequence motif shared by many alphaviral nsP3 proteins, and found it to serve as a preferred target site for the Src-homology ... | 2011 | 22114558 |
| expression of chemosensory proteins in the tsetse fly glossina morsitans morsitans is related to female host-seeking behaviour. | chemosensory proteins (csps) are a class of soluble proteins present in high concentrations in the sensilla of insect antennae. it has been proposed that they play an important role in insect olfaction by mediating interactions between odorants and odorant receptors. here we report, for the first time, the presence of five csp genes in the tsetse fly glossina morsitans morsitans, a major vector transmitting nagana in livestock. real-time quantitative reverse transcription pcr showed that three o ... | 2011 | 22074189 |
| Distinct Humoral and Cellular Immunity Induced by Alternating Prime-boost Vaccination Using Plasmid DNA and Live Viral Vector Vaccines Expressing the E Protein of Dengue Virus Type 2. | Dengue virus, which belongs to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, causes fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) with infection risk of 2.5 billion people worldwide. However, approved vaccines are still not available. Here, we explored the immune responses induced by alternating prime-boost vaccination using DNA vaccine, adenovirus, and vaccinia virus expressing E protein of dengue virus type 2 (DenV2). | 2011 | 22194710 |
| Differentiation of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) with egg surface morphology and morphometrics using scanning electron microscopy. | Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are potential arboviral vectors leading to high human fatality worldwide. Efforts in the present study were made to differentiate the eggs of A. aegypti and A. albopictus morphologically and morphometrically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphometrically, these species' eggs were 48.48% significantly different of the 33 attributes including egg dimensions, micropylar apparatus, dimensions and density of outer chorionic cells (OCCs), tubercles and wi ... | 2011 | 21920819 |
| ecology of anopheles darlingi root with respect to vector importance: a review. | anopheles darlingi is one of the most important malaria vectors in the americas. in this era of new tools and strategies for malaria and vector control it is essential to have knowledge on the ecology and behavior of vectors in order to evaluate appropriateness and impact of control measures. this paper aims to provide information on the importance, ecology and behavior of an. darlingi. it reviews publications that addressed ecological and behavioral aspects that are important to understand the ... | 2011 | 21923902 |
| fossil rhabdoviral sequences integrated into arthropod genomes: ontogeny, evolution, and potential functionality. | retroelements represent a considerable fraction of many eukaryotic genomes and are considered major drives for adaptive genetic innovations. recent discoveries showed that despite not normally using dna intermediates like retroviruses do, mononegaviruses (i.e., viruses with nonsegmented, negative-sense rna genomes) can integrate gene fragments into the genomes of their hosts. this was shown for bornaviridae and filoviridae, the sequences of which have been found integrated into the germ line cel ... | 2011 | 21917725 |
| Efficacy of the Trichophyton ajelloi and Lagenidium giganteum metabolites against mosquitoes after flash chromatography. | Entomopathogens are significant natural enemies for mosquitoes. We have investigated the adulticidal efficacies of metabolites of Trichophyton ajelloi and Lagenidium giganteum against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti simultaneously. The T. ajelloi was grown on Sabouraud's dextrose broth medium at 25?±?2°C and relative humidity at 75?±?5% for 15 days. L. giganteum was grown in peptone yeast extract glucose broth at 25?±?2°C and relative humidity 75?±?5% for 15 days. The filtrations of met ... | 2011 | 22146996 |
| espirito santo virus: a new birnavirus that replicates in insect cells. | espirito santo virus (esv) is a newly discovered virus recovered as a contamination in a sample of a virulent strain of dengue-2 virus (strain 44/2), which was recovered from a patient in the state of espirito santo, brazil and amplified in insect cells. esv was found to be dependent upon co-infection with a virulent strain of dengue-2 and to replicate in c6/36 insect cells but not in mammalian vero cells. a sequence of the genome has been produced by de novo assembly and was not found to match ... | 2011 | 22171264 |
| laboratory-acquired dengue virus infection--a case report. | | 2011 | 22140587 |
| transcription profiling of resistance to bti toxins in the mosquito aedes aegypti using next-generation sequencing. | the control of mosquitoes transmitting infectious diseases relies mainly on the use of chemical insecticides. however, resistance to most chemical insecticides threatens mosquito control programs. in this context, the spraying of toxins produced by the bacteria bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) in larval habitats represents an alternative to chemical insecticides and is now widely used for mosquito control. recent studies suggest that resistance of mosquitoes to bti toxin may occur ... | 2011 | 22115744 |
| persistence of viral rna in chikungunya virus-infected aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes after prolonged storage at 28{degrees}c. | abstract. experiments were conducted to determine the persistence of chikungunya viral (chikv) rna in experimentally infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes stored for prolonged periods at 28°c. intra-thoracically inoculated mosquitoes with confirmed positivity were killed by quick freezing at -80°c, applied to sticky tape, and stored at 28°c with 80 ± 5% relative humidity (rh). at weekly intervals, five mosquitoes were removed from the tape randomly and assayed individually for detection of viral rna ... | 2012 | 22232470 |
| substrate specificities and intracellular distributions of three n-glycan processing enzymes functioning at a key branch point in the insect n-glycosylation pathway. | man(α1-6)[glcnac(β1-2)man(α1-3)]manglcnac2 is a key branch point intermediate in the insect n-glycosylation pathway because it can be either trimmed by a processing β-n-acetylglucosaminidase (fdl) to produce paucimannosidic n-glycans or elongated by n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase ii (gnt-ii) to produce complex n-glycans. n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i (gnt-i) contributes to branch point intermediate production and can potentially reverse the fdl trimming reaction. however, there has been no ... | 2012 | 22238347 |
| comparison of the insecticide susceptibilities of laboratory strains of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | a susceptible strain of aedes albopictus derived from the gainesville strain (florida, usa) was established in our laboratory. the larvicidal efficacies of the neurotoxic insecticides temephos, permethrin and the pure cis and trans-permethrin isomers and the microbial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) against ae. albopictus were estimated and compared to a susceptible strain of aedes aegypti. the larvicidal effect of insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen was also evaluated in b ... | 2011 | 22241122 |
| toxicity of the essential oil of illicium difengpi stem bark and its constituent compounds towards two grain storage insects. | abstract during our screening program for new agrochemicals from chinese medicinal herbs, the essential oil of illicium difengpi stem bark was found to possess strong insecticidal activities against the maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais (motschulsky) (coleoptera: curculionidae) and red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum herbst (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). a total of 37 components of the essential oil of i. difengpi were identified. the main components of the essential oil were safrole (23.61%), ... | 2011 | 22236213 |
| mathematical modelling and evaluation of the different routes of transmission of lumpy skin disease virus. | abstract: lumpy skin disease (lsd) is a severe viral disease of cattle. circumstantial evidence suggests that the virus is transmitted mechanically by blood-feeding arthropods. we compared the importance of transmission via direct and indirect contact in field conditions by using mathematical tools. we analyzed a dataset collected during the lsd outbreak in 2006 in a large dairy herd, which included ten separated cattle groups. outbreak dynamics and risk factors for lsd were assessed by a transm ... | 2012 | 22236452 |
| infection of honey bees with acute bee paralysis virus does not trigger humoral or cellular immune responses. | we have studied the responses of honey bees at different life stages (apis mellifera) to controlled infection with acute bee paralysis virus and have identified the haemolymph of infected larvae and adult worker bees as the compartment where massive propagation of abpv occurs. insects respond with a broad spectrum of induced innate immune reactions to bacterial infections, whereas defence mechanisms based on rna interference play a major role in antiviral immunity. in this study, we have determi ... | 2012 | 22258854 |
| proteus mirabilis interkingdom swarming signals attract blow flies. | flies transport specific bacteria with their larvae that provide a wider range of nutrients for those bacteria. our hypothesis was that this symbiotic interaction may depend on interkingdom signaling. we obtained proteus mirabilis from the salivary glands of the blow fly lucilia sericata; this strain swarmed significantly and produced a strong odor that attracts blow flies. to identify the putative interkingdom signals for the bacterium and flies, we reasoned that as swarming is used by this bac ... | 2012 | 22237540 |
| altered response to deet repellent after infection of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) with sindbis virus. | to determine whether a sindbis virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, sinv) infection in aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) affected its response to the repellent deet, we orally exposed ae. aegypti to an artificial bloodmeal containing sinv or diluent and then allowed to feed on a 10% sucrose suspension containing 3% deet. when tested seven or more days after the initial bloodmeal, although none of the diluent-exposed mosquitoes fed on the deet-sucrose suspension, at least 60% of the ... | 2011 | 22238883 |
| west nile virus population genetics and evolution. | west nile virus (wnv) (flaviviridae: flavivirus) is transmitted from mosquitoes to birds, but can cause fatal encephalitis in infected humans. since its introduction into north america in new york in 1999, it has spread throughout the western hemisphere. multiple outbreaks have also occurred in europe over the last 20 years. this review highlights recent efforts to understand how host pressures impact viral population genetics, genotypic and phenotypic changes which have occurred in the wnv geno ... | 2011 | 22226703 |
| dengue virus infection in renal allograft recipients: a case series during 2010 outbreak. | dengue virus infection is an emerging global threat caused by arbovirus, a virus from flaviridiae family, which is transmitted by mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. renal transplant recipients who live in the endemic zones of dengue infection or who travel to an endemic zone could be at risk of this infection. despite multiple epidemics and a high case fatality rate in the southeast asian region, only a few cases of dengue infection in renal transplant recipients have been reported. ... | 2011 | 22212524 |
| recent emergence of dengue virus serotype 4 in french polynesia results from multiple introductions from other south pacific islands. | infection by dengue virus (denv) is a major public health concern in hundreds of tropical and subtropical countries. french polynesia (fp) regularly experiences epidemics that initiate, or are consecutive to, denv circulation in other south pacific island countries (spics). in january 2009, after a decade of serotype 1 (denv-1) circulation, the first cases of denv-4 infection were reported in fp. two months later a new epidemic emerged, occurring about 20 years after the previous circulation of ... | 2011 | 22216313 |
| slc4-like anion transporters of the larval mosquito alimentary canal. | mosquito larvae exhibit luminal ph extremes along the axial length of their alimentary canal that range from very alkaline (ph>10) in the anterior midgut to slightly acid in the hindgut. the principal buffer in the system is thought to be bicarbonate and/or carbonate, because the lumen is known to contain high levels of bicarbonate/carbonate and is surrounded by various epithelial cell types which express a variety of carbonic anhydrases. however, the precise mechanisms responsible for the trans ... | 2012 | 22251674 |
| production of virus-derived ping-pong-dependent pirna-like small rnas in the mosquito soma. | the natural maintenance cycles of many mosquito-borne pathogens require establishment of persistent non-lethal infections in the invertebrate host. the mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood, but we have previously shown that an antiviral response directed by small interfering rnas (sirnas) is important in modulating the pathogenesis of alphavirus infections in the mosquito. however, we report here that infection of mosquitoes with an alphavirus also triggers the production of ano ... | 2012 | 22241995 |
| dengue virus presence and surveillance in okinawa (review). | recent reports have shown that the dengue virus (denv) is a serious concern worldwide, especially in subtropical areas such as south-east asia. with the development of transportation systems, the risk of denv infection spreading is increasing. since mosquitoes transmit denv to humans, surveillance of denv-infected mosquito vectors is the most effective approach for preventing denv. okinawa is the only prefecture located in a subtropical region in japan and historically shows continuous importati ... | 2011 | 22969837 |
| t-cell responses to dengue virus in humans. | dengue virus (denv) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world. dengue virus infection induces specific cd4+cd8- and cd8+cd4- t cells in humans. in primary infection, t-cell responses to denv are serotype cross-reactive, but the highest response is to the serotype that caused the infection. the epitopes recognized by denv-specific t cells are located in most of the structural and non-structural proteins, but ns3 is the protein that is most d ... | 2011 | 22500136 |
| dengue virus receptor. | dengue virus is an arthropod-borne virus transmitted by aedes mosquitoes. dengue virus causes fever and hemorrhagic disorders in humans and non-human primates. direct interaction of the virus introduced by a mosquito bite with host receptor molecule(s) is crucial for virus propagation and the pathological progression of dengue diseases. therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between dengue virus and its receptor(s) in both humans and mosquitoes is essential ... | 2011 | 22500135 |
| structure-based and ligand-based virtual screening of novel methyltransferase inhibitors of the dengue virus. | the dengue virus is the most significant arthropod-borne human pathogen, and an increasing number of cases have been reported over the last few decades. currently neither vaccines nor drugs against the dengue virus are available. ns5 methyltransferase (mtase), which is located on the surface of the dengue virus and assists in viral attachment to the host cell, is a promising antiviral target. in order to search for novel inhibitors of ns5 mtase, we performed a computer-aided virtual screening of ... | 2011 | 22373153 |
| internally controlled, generic real-time pcr for quantification and multiplex real-time pcr with serotype-specific probes for serotyping of dengue virus infections. | dengue has become a global public health problem and a sensitive diagnostic test for early phase detection can be life saving. an internally controlled, generic real-time pcr was developed and validated by testing serial dilutions of a denv positive control rna in the presence of a fixed amount of ic with results showing a good linearity (r(2) = 0.9967) and a lod of at least 1.95 × 10(4) copies/ml. application of the generic pcr on 136 patient samples revealed a sensitivity of 95.8% and specific ... | 2011 | 22312344 |
| coffee husk waste for fermentation production of mosquitocidal bacteria. | coffee husk waste (chw) discarded as bio-organic waste, from coffee industries, is rich in carbohydrates. the current study emphasizes the management of solid waste from agro-industrial residues for the production of biopesticides (bacillus sphaericus, and b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis), to control disease transmitting mosquito vectors. an experimental culture medium was prepared by extracting the filtrates from coffee husk. a conventional culture medium (nysm) also was prepared. the studi ... | 2011 | 22299340 |
| hunting in the rainforest and mayaro virus infection: an emerging alphavirus in ecuador. | the objectives of this report were to document the potential presence of mayaro virus infection in ecuador and to examine potential risk factors for mayaro virus infection among the personnel of a military garrison in the amazonian rainforest. | 2011 | 22223990 |