| chemically enhanced phytoextraction of risk elements from a contaminated agricultural soil using zea mays and triticum aestivum: performance and metal mobilization over a three year period. | enhanced phytoextraction using edta for the remediation of an agricultural soil contaminated with less mobile risk elements cd and pb originating from smelting activities in príbram (czech republic) was assessed on the laboratory and the field scale. edta was applied to the first years crop zea mays. metal mobilization and metal uptake by the plants in the soil were monitored for two additional years when triticum aestivum was planted. the application ofedta effectively increased water-soluble c ... | 2012 | 22908642 |
| effects of exogenous nitric oxide in wheat seedlings under chilling stress. | the effects of nitric oxide (no) on chilling tolerance (contents of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and superoxide anion (o2 (-)) and lipid peroxidation level (malondialdehyde, mda)) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pox) and catalase (cat)) were investigated in the leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) exposed to chilling. no treatment was carried out through spraying of sodium nitroprusside (snp), which is a donor of no. to do this, snp concentrations ... | 2014 | 22903172 |
| molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a small alien-segment translocation line carrying the softness genes of haynaldia villosa. | the wheat-alien small segment translocation (sast) lines carrying the beneficial genes from wild species are useful genetic stocks for wheat improvement. in this study, to introduce the grain hardness-related genes of haynaldia villosa (l.) schur. into common wheat (triticum aesitivum l.), the mature female gametes of whole-arm wheat--h. villosa translocation line t5vs·5dl was irradiated by 60co-γ ray to develop sast lines involving 5vs. among the bc2f2 population, six homozygous sast lines with ... | 2012 | 22900990 |
| proteome characterization of developing grains in bread wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.). | the analyses of protein synthesis, accumulation and regulation during grain development in wheat are more complex because of its larger genome size compared to model plants such as arabidopsis and rice. in this study, grains from two wheat cultivars jimai 20 and zhoumai 16 with different gluten quality properties were harvested at five development stages, and were used to displayed variable expression patterns of grain proteins. | 2012 | 22900893 |
| optimizing de novo common wheat transcriptome assembly using short-read rna-seq data. | rapid advances in next-generation sequencing methods have provided new opportunities for transcriptome sequencing (rna-seq). the unprecedented sequencing depth provided by rna-seq makes it a powerful and cost-efficient method for transcriptome study, and it has been widely used in model organisms and non-model organisms to identify and quantify rna. for non-model organisms lacking well-defined genomes, de novo assembly is typically required for downstream rna-seq analyses, including snp discover ... | 2012 | 22891638 |
| a single nucleotide polymorphism at the vrn-d1 promoter region in common wheat is associated with vernalization response. | facultative wheat varieties adapt to a particular environment. but the molecular basis for the facultative growth habit is not clear relative to winter and spring growth habit. two sets of wheat varieties were chosen for this study. set 1 comprised ten spring accessions and set 2 comprised ten facultative accessions. all accessions had been tested by the previously described allele-specific markers and shown having the same allelic composition of vrn-a1 vrn-b1 vrn-d1 and vrn-b3. here we examined ... | 2012 | 22875177 |
| proteomic analysis on salicylic acid-induced salt tolerance in common wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.). | the influence of salicylic acid (sa) on the salt tolerance mechanism in seedlings of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated using physiological measurements combined with global expression profiling (proteomics). in the present study, 0.5mm sa significantly reduced nacl-induced growth inhibition in wheat seedlings, manifesting as increased fresh weights, dry weights, and photosynthetic pigments, but decreased lipid peroxidation. two-week-old wheat seedlings treated with 0.5mm sa, 2 ... | 2012 | 22868037 |
| sensory, yield and quality differences between organically and conventionally grown winter wheat. | consumers expect organic produce to have higher environmental, health and sensory related qualities than conventional produce. in order to test sensory differences between bio-dynamically, bio-organically and conventionally grown winter wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. runal), we performed double-blinded triangle tests with two panels on dry wholemeal flour from the harvest years 2006, 2007 and 2009 and from two field replicates of the 'dok' long-term farming system comparison field trial near b ... | 2012 | 22865150 |
| inheritance of grain polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity in multiple wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genetic backgrounds. | grain polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity can cause discoloration of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) food products. five crosses (pi 117635/antelope; fielder/nw03681; fielder/antelope; nw07or1070/antelope; nw07or1066/or2050272h) were selected to study the genetic inheritance of ppo activity. sts markers, ppo18, ppo29 and sts01, were used to identify lines with putative alleles at the ppo-a1 and ppo-d1 loci conditioning low or high ppo activity. anova showed significant genotypic effects on ppo activi ... | 2012 | 22864385 |
| biochemical characterization and kinetic properties of alanine aminotransferase homologues partially purified from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | four homologues of alanine aminotransferase have been isolated from shoots of wheat seedlings and purified by saline precipitation, gel filtration, preparative electrophoresis and anion exchange chromatography on protein-pak q 8hr column attached to hplc. alanine aminotransferase 1 (alaat1) and 2 (alaat2) were purified 303- and 452-fold, respectively, whereas l-glutamate: glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (ggat1) and 2 (ggat2) were purified 485- and 440-fold, respectively. consistent inhibition of a ... | 2012 | 22863564 |
| β-aminobutyric acid increases abscisic acid accumulation and desiccation tolerance and decreases water use but fails to improve grain yield in two spring wheat cultivars under soil drying. | a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the non-protein amino acid, β-aminobutyric acid (baba), on the homeostasis between reactive oxygen species (ros) and antioxidant defence during progressive soil drying, and its relationship with the accumulation of abscisic acid (aba), water use, grain yield, and desiccation tolerance in two spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars released in different decades and with different yields under drought. drenching the soil with 100 µm ... | 2012 | 22859677 |
| jasmonate and ethylene dependent defence gene expression and suppression of fungal virulence factors: two essential mechanisms of fusarium head blight resistance in wheat? | fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium species like f. graminearum is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol produced by the fungus affect plant and animal health, and cause significant reductions of grain yield and quality. resistant varieties are the only effective way to control this disease, but the molecular events leading to fhb resistance are still poorly understood. transcriptional profiling was conducted for the winter whea ... | 2012 | 22857656 |
| [identification of genes that promote awnedness in the triticum aestivum/aegilops umbellulata introgressive line]. | genetic analysis of triticum aestivum/aegilops umbellulata introgressive line for the character ear awnedness has been realized. according to the studying the lines and hybrids for the characters awnedness and electrophoresis spectra of microsatellite components the digenic model for control of awnedness is suggested. the model supposes participation of gene--inhibitor of awnedness b1 (5al) and gene--promoter of awnedness awn1 in chromosome 6u of aegilops umbellulata. chromosome 5a of the awned ... | 2012 | 22856141 |
| strong presence of the high grain protein content allele of nam-b1 in fennoscandian wheat. | grain protein content in wheat has been shown to be affected by the nam-b1 gene where the wildtype allele confers high levels of protein and micronutrients but can reduce yield. two known non-functional alleles instead increase yield but lead to lower levels of protein and micronutrients. the wildtype allele in hexaploid bread wheat is so far mainly known from historical specimens and a few lines with an emmer wheat introgression. here we report a screening for the wildtype allele in wheats of d ... | 2012 | 22850788 |
| a tandem segmental duplication (tsd) in green revolution gene rht-d1b region underlies plant height variation. | • rht-d1c (rht10) carried by chinese wheat (triticum aestivum) line aibian 1 is an allele at the rht-d1 locus. among the rht-1 alleles, little is known about rht-d1c although it determines an extreme dwarf phenotype in wheat. • here, we cloned and functionally characterized rht-d1c using a combination of southern blotting, target region sequencing, gene expression analysis and transgenic experiments. • we found that the rht-d1c allele was generated through a tandem segmental duplication (tsd) of ... | 2012 | 22849513 |
| development and characterization of a new tilling population of common bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | mutagenesis is an important tool in crop improvement. however, the hexaploid genome of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) presents problems in identifying desirable genetic changes based on phenotypic screening due to gene redundancy. tilling (targeting induced local lesions in genomes), a powerful reverse genetic strategy that allows the detection of induced point mutations in individuals of the mutagenized populations, can address the major challenge of linking sequence information to the biological ... | 2012 | 22844501 |
| rapd and issr-assisted identification and development of three new scar markers specific for the thinopyrum elongatum e (poaceae) genome. | diploid thinopyrum elongatum, a wild relative of wheat, contains many agronomically desirable traits and has potential for increasing genetic variability and introducing desirable characters in this crop. few molecular markers are available for rapid screening of t. elongatum genome segments in the wheat genetic background. we used 36 rapd primers and 33 issr primers to screen for polymorphisms in the common wheat variety chinese spring and in t. elongatum. two rapd markers and one issr marker, ... | 2012 | 22843051 |
| identification of ppd-b1 alleles in common wheat cultivars by caps marker. | photoperiod response is a major determinant of the duration of growth stages in common wheat. in common wheat, many genes play a role in determining flowering time, but the ppd genes located on the homoeologous group 2 play a major role. of these ppd-b1 is located on the short arm of 2b. in 107 common wheat cultivars grown in poland and neighboring countries, the identification of ppd-b1 alleles using in-del analysis by using a caps markers was investigated. 87 cultivars were shown to carry domi ... | 2012 | 22830258 |
| dna repair and crossing over favor similar chromosome regions as discovered in radiation hybrid of triticum. | the uneven distribution of recombination across the length of chromosomes results in inaccurate estimates of genetic to physical distances. in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) chromosome 3b, it has been estimated that 90% of the cross over events occur in distal sub-telomeric regions representing 40% of the chromosome. radiation hybrid (rh) mapping which does not rely on recombination is a strategy to map genomes and has been widely employed in animal species and more recently in some plants. rh map ... | 2012 | 22827734 |
| daphnetin methylation stabilizes the activity of phosphoribulokinase in wheat during cold acclimation. | the methylation of daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin) to its 8-methyl derivative is catalyzed by a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) o-methyltransferase (taomt1). this enzyme is regulated by cold and photosystem ii excitation pressure (plastid redox state). here, we investigated the biological significance of this methylation and its potential role in modulating the activity of kinases in wheat. to identify the potential kinases that may interact with daphnetin in wheat, the soluble protein extract fr ... | 2012 | 22827600 |
| identifying loci influencing grain number by microsatellite screening in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | grain number (gn) is one of three major yield-related components in wheat. we used the chinese wheat mini core collection to undertake a genome-wide association analysis of grain number using 531 ssr markers randomly located on all 21 chromosomes. grain numbers of all accessions were measured in four trials, i.e. two environments in four growing seasons. association analysis based on a mixed linear model (mlm) revealed that 27 ssr loci were significantly associated with mean gn (mgn) estimated b ... | 2012 | 22820969 |
| sorting the wheat from the chaff: identifying mirnas in genomic survey sequences of triticum aestivum chromosome 1al. | individual chromosome-based studies of bread wheat are beginning to provide valuable structural and functional information about one of the world's most important crops. as new genome sequences become available, identifying mirna coding sequences is arguably as important a task as annotating protein coding sequences, but one that is not as well developed. we compared conservation-based identification of conserved mirnas in 1.5× coverage survey sequences of wheat chromosome 1al with a predictive ... | 2012 | 22815845 |
| construction of whole genome radiation hybrid panels and map of chromosome 5a of wheat using asymmetric somatic hybridization. | to explore the feasibility of constructing a whole genome radiation hybrid (wgrh) map in plant species with large genomes, asymmetric somatic hybridization between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and bupleurum scorzonerifolium willd. was performed. the protoplasts of wheat were irradiated with ultraviolet light (uv) and gamma-ray and rescued by protoplast fusion using b. scorzonerifolium as the recipient. assessment of ssr markers showed that the radiation hybrids have the average marker retention ... | 2012 | 22815731 |
| efficient regeneration potential is closely related to auxin exposure time and catalase metabolism during the somatic embryogenesis of immature embryos in triticum aestivum l. | regeneration of cultured tissue is a prerequisite of agrobacterium- and biolistic-mediated plant transformation. in this study, an efficient protocol for improving wheat (triticum aestivum l.) immature embryo regeneration was developed. based on the statistical analysis of embryogenic callus induction efficiency, green spot differentiation efficiency, and plant regeneration efficiency from five wheat accessions, improved culture conditions were found to be more effective for embryogenic callus p ... | 2013 | 22815184 |
| impact of wheat-mung bean intercropping on english grain aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) populations and its natural enemy. | the effects of intercropping wheat, triticum aestivum l., with mung bean, vigna radiate l., on the populations of english grain aphid, sitobion avenae (f.) (hemiptera: aphididae), and its natural enemies were evaluated by field and laboratory experiments. the population densities of aphids and their natural enemies were evaluated in the intercropped field against different row ratio combinations of wheat-mung bean. results showed that wheat-mung bean intercropping caused a drop in aphid densitie ... | 2012 | 22812121 |
| nitrate reductase from triticum aestivum leaves: regulation of activity and possible role in production of nitric oxide. | nitrate reductase (nr) and peroxidase (pox) are important enzymes involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen (ros) and nitrogen species in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. it has been confirmed that nr activity in wheat leaves depends on the light conditions and the presence of nitrates during the cultivation of the seedlings, and it is regulated by the molybdenum cofactor and phosphorylation. in the present study, confocal microscopy and epr spectroscopy studies showed that ... | 2012 | 22809160 |
| a recombinant ω-gliadin-like d-type glutenin and an α-gliadin from wheat (triticum aestivum): two immunoglobulin e binding proteins, useful for the diagnosis of wheat-dependent allergies. | among the wheat prolamins, d-type glutenins display a highly repetitive sequence similar to ω-gliadins, but they contain a cysteine, that allows them to be included in the gluten macropolymers. an ω-gliadin-like d-type glutenin, an α-gliadin, and an ω5-gliadin-like d-type glutenin were obtained as recombinant proteins and compared using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism. this technique evidenced the strong thermostability of the ω5-gliadin-like protein. the ige reactivity of recombinant p ... | 2012 | 22809016 |
| [complex evaluation for influence of hosts on hemipatasite thesium chinense]. | to study the influence of host species on growth and development and active component content of thesium chinense. | 2012 | 22803355 |
| nitric oxide alleviates oxidative damage induced by high temperature stress in wheat. | effect of sodium nitroprusside (snp), a donor of nitric oxide (no) was examined in two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, c 306 (heat tolerant) and pbw 550 (comparatively heat susceptible) to study the extent of oxidative injury and activities of antioxidant enzyme in relation to high temperature (ht) stress. ht stress resulted in a marked decrease in membrane thermostability (mts) and 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (ttc) cell viability whereas content of lipid peroxide increased in ... | 2012 | 22803328 |
| genetic and physiological analysis of rht8 in bread wheat: an alternative source of semi-dwarfism with a reduced sensitivity to brassinosteroids. | over the next decade, wheat grain production must increase to meet the demand of a fast growing human population. one strategy to meet this challenge is to raise wheat productivity by optimizing plant stature. the reduced height 8 (rht8) semi-dwarfing gene is one of the few, together with the green revolution genes, to reduce stature of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and improve lodging resistance, without compromising grain yield. rht8 is widely used in dry environments such as mediterranean cou ... | 2012 | 22791821 |
| inhibition of tiller bud outgrowth in the tin mutant of wheat is associated with precocious internode development. | tillering (branching) is a major yield component and, therefore, a target for improving the yield of crops. however, tillering is regulated by complex interactions of endogenous and environmental signals, and the knowledge required to achieve optimal tiller number through genetic and agronomic means is still lacking. regulatory mechanisms may be revealed through physiological and molecular characterization of naturally occurring and induced tillering mutants in the major crops. here we character ... | 2012 | 22791303 |
| identification of differentially senescing mutants of wheat and impacts on yield, biomass and nitrogen partitioning. | increasing photosynthetic capacity by extending canopy longevity during grain filling using slow senescing stay-green genotypes is a possible means to improve yield in wheat. ethyl methanesulfonate (ems) mutated wheat lines (triticum aestivum l. cv. paragon) were screened for fast and slow canopy senescence to investigate the impact on yield and nitrogen partitioning. stay-green and fast-senescing lines with similar anthesis dates were characterised in detail. delayed senescence was only apparen ... | 2012 | 22788746 |
| bioavailability of gold nanomaterials to plants: importance of particle size and surface coating. | we used the model organisms nicotiana tabacum l. cv xanthi (tobacco) and triticum aestivum (wheat) to investigate plant uptake of 10-, 30-, and 50-nm diameter au manufactured nanomaterials (mnms) coated with either tannate (t-mnms) or citrate (c-mnms). primary particle size, hydrodynamic size, and zeta potential were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (tem), dynamic light scattering (dls), and electrophoretic mobility measurements, respectively. plants were exposed to nps hydro ... | 2012 | 22784043 |
| joint ecotoxicology of cadmium and metsulfuron-methyl in wheat (triticum aestivum). | herbicide is indispensable for crop production. however, substantial usage of herbicide has led to its increasing accumulation in soils and crops. in addition, cadmium has become one of the widely occurring contaminants in soils due to its significant release into environment via anthropogenic activities. in this study, ecotoxicological investigations were made by exposing the food crop wheat to joint contaminations of cd and metsulfuron-methyl, a sulfonylurea herbicide. we analyzed growth and p ... | 2013 | 22773146 |
| detection of two major grain yield qtl in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under heat, drought and high yield potential environments. | a large proportion of the worlds' wheat growing regions suffers water and/or heat stress at some stage during the crop growth cycle. with few exceptions, there has been no utilisation of managed environments to screen mapping populations under repeatable abiotic stress conditions, such as the facilities developed by the international wheat and maize improvement centre (cimmyt). through careful management of irrigation and sowing date over three consecutive seasons, repeatable heat, drought and h ... | 2012 | 22772727 |
| physiological and molecular changes of detached wheat leaves in responding to various treatments. | leaf senescence is induced or accelerated when leaves are detached. however, the senescence process and expression pattern of senescence-associated genes (sags) when leaves are detached are not clearly understood. to detect senescence-associated physiological changes and sag expression, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves were detached and treated with light, darkness, low temperature (4 °c), jasmonic acid (ja), abscisic acid (aba), and salicylic acid (sa). the leaf phenotypes, chlorophyll conte ... | 2012 | 22765286 |
| proteomic and genetic analysis of wheat endosperm albumins and globulins using deletion lines of cultivar chinese spring. | albumins and globulins from the endosperm of triticum aestivum l. cv chinese spring (cs) were analysed to establish a proteome reference map for this standard wheat cultivar. approximately, 1,145 coomassie-stained spots were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2de), 410 of which were identified using mass spectrometry and data mining. salt-soluble endosperm proteins from 67 cs deletion lines were also separated by 2de (four gels per line). image analysis of the 268 2de gels as compa ... | 2012 | 22751952 |
| investigation of cell wall composition related to stem lodging resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by ftir spectroscopy. | we explored the rapid qualitative analysis of wheat cultivars with good lodging resistances by fourier transform infrared resonance (ftir) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis. ftir imaging showing that wheat stem cell walls were mainly composed of cellulose, pectin, protein, and lignin. principal components analysis (pca) was used to eliminate multicollinearity among multiple peak absorptions. pca revealed the developmental internodes of wheat stems could be distributed from low t ... | 2012 | 22751311 |
| single nucleotide polymorphism discovery from wheat next-generation sequence data. | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are the most abundant type of molecular genetic marker and can be used for producing high-resolution genetic maps, marker-trait association studies and marker-assisted breeding. large polyploid genomes such as wheat present a challenge for snp discovery because of the potential presence of multiple homoeologs for each gene. autosnpdb has been successfully applied to identify snps from sanger sequence data for several species, including barley, rice and bras ... | 2012 | 22748104 |
| induced mutations in the starch branching enzyme ii (sbeii) genes increase amylose and resistant starch content in durum wheat. | starch is the largest component of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain and consists of approximately 70-80% amylopectin and 20-30% amylose. amylopectin is a highly-branched, readily digested polysaccharide, whereas amylose has few branches and forms complexes that resist digestion and mimic dietary fiber (resistant starch). down-regulation of the starch branching enzyme ii (sbeii) gene by rna interference (rnai) was previously shown to increase amylose content in both hexaploid and tetraploid ... | 2017 | 26924849 |
| damage repair effect of he-ne laser on wheat exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-b radiation. | we explored the use of he-ne laser on alleviating the effects of ultraviolet-b (uv-b) light on winter wheat development. triticum aestivum l. cv. linyuan 077038 seeds were irradiated with either uv-b (10.08 kj m(-2) d(-1)) (enhanced uv-b) or a combination of uv-b light and the he-ne laser (5.43 mw mm(-2)). plants also were exposed to the he-ne laser alone. our results showed that enhanced uv-b produced negative effects on seed germination and seedling development. germination rate and shoot grow ... | 2012 | 22738866 |
| [construction and study of leaf rust-resistant common wheat lines with translocations of aegilops speltoides tausch]. | genotyping was performed for the leaf rust-resistant line 73/00i (triticum aestivum x aegilops speltoides). fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) with probes spelt1 and psc119.2 in combination with microsatellite analysis were used to determine the locations and sizes of the ae. speltoides genetic fragments integrated into the line genome. translocations were identified in the long arms of chromosomes 5b and 6b and in the short arm of chromosome 1b. the spelt1 and psc119.2 molecular cytologi ... | 2012 | 22730768 |
| celiac disease t-cell epitopes from gamma-gliadins: immunoreactivity depends on the genome of origin, transcript frequency, and flanking protein variation. | celiac disease (cd) is caused by an uncontrolled immune response to gluten, a heterogeneous mixture of wheat storage proteins. the cd-toxicity of these proteins and their derived peptides is depending on the presence of specific t-cell epitopes (9-mer peptides; cd epitopes) that mediate the stimulation of hla-dq2/8 restricted t-cells. next to the thoroughly characterized major t-cell epitopes derived from the α-gliadin fraction of gluten, γ-gliadin peptides are also known to stimulate t-cells of ... | 2012 | 22726570 |
| alleviation of high salt toxicity-induced oxidative damage by salicylic acid pretreatment in two wheat cultivars. | role of exogenous salicylic acid (sa) in the antioxidative response to salt toxicity of two wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars (gerek-79 and bezostaya) was investigated. hydroponic growth environment of 10-day wheat seedlings grown under normal conditions (22/20°c) was adjusted to 0.0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 m of salt (nacl), and then freshly prepared sa solutions (0.0, 0.01 and 0.1 mm) were once sprayed on leaves of the same seedlings. activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pox) an ... | 2013 | 22722774 |
| targeted re-sequencing of the allohexaploid wheat exome. | bread wheat, triticum aestivum, is an allohexaploid composed of the three distinct ancestral genomes, a, b and d. the polyploid nature of the wheat genome together with its large size has limited our ability to generate the significant amount of sequence data required for whole genome studies. even with the advent of next-generation sequencing technology, it is still relatively expensive to generate whole genome sequences for more than a few wheat genomes at any one time. to overcome this proble ... | 2012 | 22703335 |
| photosystem ii thermostability in situ: environmentally induced acclimation and genotype-specific reactions in triticum aestivum l. | photosystem ii (psii) thermostability and acclimation effects on psii photochemical efficiency were analyzed in thirty field grown winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes using prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics before and after dark heat treatment. a gradual increase in temperature caused the appearance of k-bands at 300 μs on the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve, indicating the impairment of the psii donor side (even by heat treatment at 38 °c). an increase in basal fluor ... | 2012 | 22698752 |
| accumulation, translocation and impact of tio2 nanoparticles in wheat (triticum aestivum spp.): influence of diameter and crystal phase. | intensive production of tio(2) nanoparticles (tio(2)-nps) would lead to their release in the environment. their ecotoxicological impact is still poorly documented, while their use in commercial goods is constantly increasing. in this study we compare root accumulation and root-to-shoot translocation in wheat of anatase and rutile tio(2)-nps with diameters ranging from 14 nm to 655 nm, prepared in water. np distribution in plant tissues was mapped by synchrotron-radiation micro-x-ray fluorescence ... | 2012 | 22684121 |
| [genetic control of several alpha-amylase isozymes in winter hexaploid wheat]. | alpha-amylase isozymes were detected via electrophoretic separation in a tris-glycine polyacrylamide gel system (ph 8.4). three chromosome 6b loci controlling the alpha-amylase isozyme composition were identified by studying the grain alpha-amylase patterns in an f --> infinity self-pollinating population of winter common wheat (donskoi mayak). the loci were found to take the following order in the long arm of chromosome 6b: cen.-alpha-amy-b3-alpha-amy-b6-alpha-amy-b1-. | 2012 | 22679787 |
| multi-trait evolution of farmer varieties of bread wheat after cultivation in contrasting organic farming systems in europe. | because of the lack of varieties for organic agriculture, associations of organic farmers in several european countries have begun cultivating landraces and historic varieties, effectively practicing in situ conservation of agricultural biodiversity. to promote agrobiodiversity conservation, a special list for "conservation varieties" was implemented in 2008 by the eu because for any exchange and marketing of seeds in the eu, a variety must be registered in an official catalog. our study aimed a ... | 2012 | 22678726 |
| gene expression in the developing aleurone and starchy endosperm of wheat. | wheat is a critical food source globally. food security is an increasing concern; current production levels are not expected to keep pace with global demand. new technologies have provided a vast array of wheat genetic data; however, best use of this data requires placing it within a framework in which the various genes, pathways and interactions can be examined. here we present the first systematic comparison of the global transcriptomes of the aleurone and starchy endosperm of the developing w ... | 2012 | 22672716 |
| co-ordinate regulation of cytokinin gene family members during flag leaf and reproductive development in wheat. | as the global population continues to expand, increasing yield in bread wheat is of critical importance as 20% of the world's food supply is sourced from this cereal. several recent studies of the molecular basis of grain yield indicate that the cytokinins are a key factor in determining grain yield. in this study, cytokinin gene family members in bread wheat were isolated from four multigene families which regulate cytokinin synthesis and metabolism, the isopentenyl transferases (ipt), cytokini ... | 2012 | 22672647 |
| deciphering the genomic structure, function and evolution of carotenogenesis related phytoene synthases in grasses. | carotenoids are isoprenoid pigments, essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection in plants. the enzyme phytoene synthase (psy) plays an essential role in mediating condensation of two geranylgeranyl diphosphate molecules, the first committed step in carotenogenesis. psy are nuclear enzymes encoded by a small gene family consisting of three paralogous genes (psy1-3) that have been widely characterized in rice, maize and sorghum. | 2012 | 22672222 |
| down-regulation of glucan, water-dikinase activity in wheat endosperm increases vegetative biomass and yield. | a novel mechanism for increasing vegetative biomass and grain yield has been identified in wheat (triticum aestivum). rnai-mediated down-regulation of glucan, water-dikinase (gwd), the primary enzyme required for starch phosphorylation, under the control of an endosperm-specific promoter, resulted in a decrease in starch phosphate content and an increase in grain size. unexpectedly, consistent increases in vegetative biomass and grain yield were observed in subsequent generations. in lines where ... | 2012 | 22672098 |
| molecular cytogenetic identification of a wheat (triticum aestivum)-american dune grass (leymus mollis) translocation line resistant to stripe rust. | leymus mollis, a perennial allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 28), known as american dune grass, is a wild relative of wheat that could be useful for cultivar improvement. shannong0096, developed from interspecific hybridization between common wheat cv. yannong15 and l. mollis, was analyzed with cytological procedures, genomic in situ hybridization, stripe-rust resistance screening and molecular marker analysis. we found that shannong0096 has 42 chromosomes in the root-tip cells at mitotic metaphase and ... | 2012 | 22653669 |
| chemometric evaluation of different experimental conditions on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) development using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (lc-ms) profiles of benzoxazinone derivatives. | different chemometric techniques have been used to evaluate the effect of distinct experimental conditions and factors on triticum aestivum l. plant development. the study was conducted using three wheat varieties, astron, ritmo and stakado. these varieties were grown under organic and conventional cultivation systems. samples were collected at five growth stages. shoots and roots of each plant at these stages were analysed. three replicates of each analysed sample were performed to improve repr ... | 2012 | 22652261 |
| the effect of high concentrations of glufosinate ammonium on the yield components of transgenic spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) constitutively expressing the bar gene. | we present an experiment done on a bar(+) wheat line treated with 14 different concentrations of glufosinate ammonium-an effective component of nonselective herbicides-during seed germination in a closed experimental system. yield components as number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, thousand kernel weight, and yield per plant were thoroughly analysed and statistically evaluated after harvesting. we found that a concentration of glufosinate ammonium 5000 times the lethal dose was ... | 2012 | 22649303 |
| novel variants of hmw glutenin subunits from aegilops section sitopsis species in relation to evolution and wheat breeding. | high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss), encoded by the genes at glu-1 loci in wheat and its related species, are significant in the determination of grain processing quality. however, the diversity and variations of hmw-gss are relatively low in bread wheat. more interests are now focused on wheat wild relatives in triticeae. the genus aegilops represents an important germplasm for novel hwm-gss and other useful genes for wheat genetic improvement. | 2012 | 22646663 |
| triannot: a versatile and high performance pipeline for the automated annotation of plant genomes. | in support of the international effort to obtain a reference sequence of the bread wheat genome and to provide plant communities dealing with large and complex genomes with a versatile, easy-to-use online automated tool for annotation, we have developed the triannot pipeline. its modular architecture allows for the annotation and masking of transposable elements, the structural, and functional annotation of protein-coding genes with an evidence-based quality indexing, and the identification of c ... | 2012 | 22645565 |
| identification and molecular characterisation of hmw glutenin subunit 1by16* in wild emmer. | in this study, a novel y-type high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) in wild emmer wheat triticum turgidum l. var. dicoccoides (körn.) accession ku1952 was identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), capillary electrophoresis (ce) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation/time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms). its electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight were similar to those of 1by16 and was designated as 1by16*. the complet ... | 2012 | 22644727 |
| snp identification and allelic-specific pcr markers development for tagw2, a gene linked to wheat kernel weight. | tagw2, an orthologous gene of rice osgw2, has been associated with kernel width and weight of bread wheat (triticum aestivum). difference in tagw2 coding sequence was not found among different wheat varieties in previous researches. in this study, we found eight exons and seven introns in tagw2 with a full-length cdna sequence of 1,275 bp, which contains a conserved function domain and seven splice sites that shared homology with rice osgw2. a single t-base insertion in the eighth exon of tagw2 ... | 2012 | 22643902 |
| aluminium tolerance of root hairs underlies genotypic differences in rhizosheath size of wheat (triticum aestivum) grown on acid soil. | we found significant genetic variation in the ability of wheat (triticum aestivum) to form rhizosheaths on acid soil and assessed whether differences in aluminium (al(3+) ) tolerance of root hairs between genotypes was the physiological basis for this genetic variation. a method was developed to rapidly screen rhizosheath size in a range of wheat genotypes. backcrossed populations were generated from cv fronteira (large rhizosheath) using cv ega-burke (small rhizosheath) as the recurrent parent. ... | 2012 | 22642366 |
| pollen-mediated gene flow in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in a semiarid field environment in spain. | transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties are being developed and field-tested in various countries. concerns regarding gene flow from genetically modified (gm) crops to non-gm crops have stimulated research to estimate outcrossing in wheat prior to the release and commercialization of any transgenic cultivars. the aim is to ensure that coexistence of all types of wheat with gm wheat is feasible in accordance with current regulations. the present study describes the result of a field exp ... | 2012 | 22615061 |
| biolistic- and agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for wheat. | after rice, wheat is considered to be the most important world food crop, and the demand for high-quality wheat flour is increasing. although there are no gm varieties currently grown, wheat is an important target for biotechnology, and we anticipate that gm wheat will be commercially available in 10-15 years. in this chapter, we summarize the main features and challenges of wheat transformation and then describe detailed protocols for the production of transgenic wheat plants both by biolistic ... | 2012 | 22610641 |
| durable resistance to stripe rust is due to three specific resistance genes in french bread wheat cultivar apache. | quantitative resistance is postulated to be more durable than qualitative (r-gene mediated) resistance, which is usually quickly overcome by the pathogen population. despite its wide use for nearly 10 years in france, the french bread wheat cultivar apache remains resistant to stripe rust. here, we investigated the genetic architecture of cv. apache resistance to examine whether its durability could be explained by quantitative characteristics. we identified quantitative trait loci (qtl) by comp ... | 2012 | 22610360 |
| residual efficacy of methoprene for control of tribolium castaneum (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) larvae at different temperatures on varnished wood, concrete, and wheat. | the residual efficacy of the juvenile hormone analog methoprene (diacon ii) was evaluated in bioassays using larvae of tribolium castaneum (herbst) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) exposed on unsealed concrete or varnished wood treated with a liquid formulation and held at different temperatures. when these two types of surfaces were stored at 20, 30 or 35 degrees c for 0-24 wk, the percentage of adult emergence on concrete increased with time. in contrast, there was no adult emergence from larvae ex ... | 2012 | 22606845 |
| obviation of wheat resistance to the hessian fly through systemic induced susceptibility. | unlike most documented plant-insect interactions, hessian fly-resistance [mayetiola destructor (say)] in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is initiated by a gene-for-gene recognition event in which plants carrying a specific r gene recognize salivary effectors encoded by a corresponding larval avirulence gene. however, dual infestation resulting from oviposition by virulent insects from 5 d before to 3 d after oviposition by avirulent insects on the same host plant, lead to systemic induced susceptib ... | 2012 | 22606837 |
| isolation of a new phlorotannin, a potent inhibitor of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, from the brown alga sargassum patens. | ethanol extracts from 15 kinds of marine algae collected from the coast of the noto peninsula in japan were examined for their inhibitory effects on human salivary α-amylase. four extracts significantly suppressed the enzyme activity. an inhibitor was purified from the extract of sargassum patens . the compound was a new phloroglucinol derivative, 2-(4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy) benzene-1,3,5-triol (ddbt), which strongly suppressed the hydrolysis of amylopectin by human salivar ... | 2012 | 22594840 |
| subgenomic analysis of micrornas in polyploid wheat. | in this study, a survey of mirnas using the next-generation sequencing data was performed at subgenomic level. after analyzing shotgun sequences from chromosome 4a of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a total of 68 different mirnas were predicted in silico, of which 37 were identified in wheat for the first time. the long arm of the chromosome was found to harbor a higher variety (51) and representation (3,928) of mirnas compared with the short arm (49; 2,226). out of the 68 mirnas, 32 were de ... | 2012 | 22592659 |
| development of high amylose wheat through tilling. | wheat (triticum spp.) is an important source of food worldwide and the focus of considerable efforts to identify new combinations of genetic diversity for crop improvement. in particular, wheat starch composition is a major target for changes that could benefit human health. starches with increased levels of amylose are of interest because of the correlation between higher amylose content and elevated levels of resistant starch, which has been shown to have beneficial effects on health for comba ... | 2012 | 22584013 |
| simplified and lower cost methods for culinary-medicinal mushrooms cultivation. | the importance and prospect of growing mushrooms through utilization of low-cost, technologically simple methods for developing third world countries has recently been outlined. three different species from genus pleurotus (p. djamor, p. pulmonarius, and p. sajor-caju) and one from genus hypsizygus (h. ulmarius) were studied. whole stalk wheat straw, shredded wheat straw, and ground maize cob (zea mays) were used as the substrates. wheat straw is the post-harvest stalk of triticum aestivum. biol ... | 2012 | 22577981 |
| changes in ps ii heterogeneity in response to osmotic and ionic stress in wheat leaves (triticum aestivum). | high salt stress involves ionic stress as well as osmotic stress. in this work we have tried to differentiate between the ionic and osmotic effects of salt stress on the basis of their ability to cause changes in ps ii heterogeneity. ps ii heterogeneity is found to vary with environmental conditions. osmotic stress caused no change in the q(b) reducing side heterogeneity and a reversible change in antenna heterogeneity. the number of q(b) non-reducing centers increased under ionic stress but wer ... | 2012 | 22576351 |
| characterization of sbeiia homoeologous genes in bread wheat. | to elucidate some of the molecular mechanisms involved in genome differentiation and evolution of cultivated wheats, we compared orthologous genes encoding starch branching enzyme iia (sbeiia). bread wheat is an allohexaploid species comprising the three genomes a, b and d, each of which contributes a copy of the sbeiia gene, involved in starch biosynthesis and known to control important quality traits related to technological and nutritional value of wheat-based food products. alignment of the ... | 2012 | 22570075 |
| characterization of three vernalization insensitive3-like (vil) homologs in wild wheat, aegilops tauschii coss. | control of flowering time is an adaptive trait of plants for different growth habitats. a vernalization requirement is a major genetic component determining wheat flowering time. arabidopsis vernalization insensitive3 (vin3) and vin3-like 1 (vil1) play critical roles in the vernalization pathway of flowering, and three wheat vil homologs are upregulated by vernalization in einkorn wheat. to study the relationship between vernalization and wheat vil homologs in aegilops tauschii, the d-genome pro ... | 2012 | 22568701 |
| [the β-amylase polymorphism of winter common wheat grains]. | the polymorphism of winter common wheat with respect to β-amylase isoenzymes has been analyzed using electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel (paag) buffered with a tris-glycine system (ph 8.3). seven β-amylase isoenzymes have been found in wheat cultivars and the breeding stock. isoenzymes a, b, and c are the most frequent in russian and ukrainian cultivars (51.7 4.7, 30.7 3.8, and 11.9 2.5%, respectively). two alleles of the β-amy-d1 locus of the long arm of chromosome 4d have been identified. th ... | 2012 | 22567995 |
| [genetic architecture of grain protein content in wheat]. | studies on identification and localization of quantitative traits for grain protein content (qgpc-loci) on chromosomes in triticum aestivum and triticum durum are reviewed. association of qgpc with various traits of morphology, physiology, adaptation and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stressors is shown. genetic and environmental qgpc contexts that should be taken into account when using molecular markers in breeding for the grain protein content are considered. | 2012 | 22567993 |
| [involvement of salicylic acid and nitric oxide in protective reactions of wheat under the influence of heavy metals]. | this article studies the effect of salicylic acid (sa) and nitric oxide (no) on triticum aestivum l. wheat plants exposed to the influence of high concentrations of copper and zinc compounds. it is shown that heavy metals (hms) caused a decrease in the growth parameters in the overground and underground plant parts and contributed to a sharp deterioration in the energy balance and the situation regarding oxidative stress. sa and no exerted a protective effect, which was expressed in the increase ... | 2013 | 22567892 |
| disposal of metal treated salvinia biomass in soil and its effect on growth and photosynthetic efficiency of wheat. | phytoremediation technologies generate huge quantities of biomass, the disposal of which is a serious concern. wastewater samples collected from electroplating industries were treated with salvinia biomass. the effect of application of metal loaded salvinia plant biomass in soil on growth and physiological indices of 10-day-old seedlings of triticum aestivum was evaluated. controls (a) consisted of soil supplemented with untreated plant biomass. seed germination, seedling height, total chlorophy ... | 2012 | 22567692 |
| rye chromosome-specific polymerase chain reaction products developed by primers designed from the ecoo109i recognition site. | from our analysis of repeat sequences in the rye genome, the presence of multiple restriction sites of ecoo109i (5'-puggnccpy-3') across the genome has been predicted. by first using primers designed to contain ecoo109i sites in polymerase chain reaction (pcr), polymorphic dna markers were effectively obtained. a total of 43 types of 10-mer primers containing ecoo109i sites were applied for pcr by using genomic dna of secale cereale self-fertile line ir27 and triticum aestivum 'chinese spring' ( ... | 2012 | 22563759 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization and stripe rust response of a trigeneric hybrid involving triticum, psathyrostachys, and thinopyrum. | trigeneric hybrids offer opportunities to transfer alien traits into cultivated wheat. in this study, a new trigeneric hybrid involving species of triticum, psathyrostachys, and thinopyrum was synthesized by crossing triticum aestivum l. (wheat)--thinopyrum intermedium (host) barkworth & d.r. dewey amphiploid zhong 3 with wheat--psathyrostachys huashanica keng ex kuo amphiploid phw-sa. crossability of the two amphiploids was 19.74%, and the fertility of the hybrid was 16.20%. the mean meiotic co ... | 2012 | 22563730 |
| chromosome arm-specific bac end sequences permit comparative analysis of homoeologous chromosomes and genomes of polyploid wheat. | bread wheat, one of the world's staple food crops, has the largest, highly repetitive and polyploid genome among the cereal crops. the wheat genome holds the key to crop genetic improvement against challenges such as climate change, environmental degradation, and water scarcity. to unravel the complex wheat genome, the international wheat genome sequencing consortium (iwgsc) is pursuing a chromosome- and chromosome arm-based approach to physical mapping and sequencing. here we report on the use ... | 2012 | 22559868 |
| effects of genotype and environment on the contents of betaine, choline, and trigonelline in cereal grains. | this study examined the environmental and genetic variation in methyl donor contents and compositions of 200 cereal genotypes. glycine betaine, choline, and trigonelline contents were determined by (1)h nmr, and significant differences were observed between cereal types (g) and across harvesting years and growing locations (e). glycine betaine was the most abundant methyl donor in all of the 200 lines grown on a single site, and concentrations ranged from 0.43 ± 0.09 mg/g dm in oats to 2.57 ± 0. ... | 2012 | 22559314 |
| genetics of flowering time in bread wheat triticum aestivum: complementary interaction between vernalization-insensitive and photoperiod-insensitive mutations imparts very early flowering habit to spring wheat. | time to flowering in the winter growth habit bread wheat is dependent on vernalization (exposure to cold conditions) and exposure to long days (photoperiod). dominant vrn-1 (vrn-a1, vrn-b1 and vrn-d1) alleles are associated with vernalization independent spring growth habit. the semidominant ppd-d1a mutation confers photoperiod-insensitivity or rapid flowering in wheat under short day and long day conditions. the objective of this study was to reveal the nature of interaction between vrn-1 and p ... | 2012 | 22546824 |
| isolation and characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from wheat roots by wheat germ agglutinin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. | thirty-two isolates were obtained from wheat rhizosphere by wheat germ agglutinin (wga) labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc). most isolates were able to produce indole acetic acid (65.6%) and siderophores (59.3%), as well as exhibited phosphate solubilization (96.8%). fourteen isolates displayed three plant growth-promoting traits. among these strains, two phosphate-dissolving ones, ws29 and ws31, were evaluated for their beneficial effects on the early growth of wheat (triticum aestiv ... | 2012 | 22538646 |
| effects of different combinations of benzyl adenine and indole acetic acid concentrations on in vitro plant regeneration in hexaploid wheat. | development of a reliable in vitro plant regeneration procedure for hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a prerequisite for its improvement by genetic transformation. here, we report the effects of two growth regulators, benzyl adenine (ba) and indole acetic acid (iaa) on callus induction and plant regeneration from scutellum cultures of two commercial bread wheat cultivars: giza 164 and sakha 69. callus induction was obtained from isolated embryos cultured on modified murashige and s ... | 2016 | 22538227 |
| effect of a rye b chromosome and its segments on homoeologous pairing in hybrids between common wheat and aegilops variabilis. | rye b chromosomes, which are supernumerary chromosomes dispensable for the host but increase in number by non-disjunction after meiosis, have been reported to affect meiotic homoeologous pairing in wheat-rye hybrids. the effect of a rye b chromosome (b) and its segments (b-9 and b-10) on homoeologous pairing was studied in hybrids between common wheat (2n=42) and aegilops variabilis (2n=28), with reference to the ph1 gene located on wheat chromosome 5b. the b-9 and b-10 chromosomes are derived f ... | 2012 | 22531789 |
| poor homologous synapsis 1 interacts with chromatin but does not colocalise with asynapsis 1 during early meiosis in bread wheat. | chromosome pairing, synapsis, and dna recombination are three key processes that occur during early meiosis. a previous study of poor homologous synapsis 1 (phs1) in maize suggested that phs1 has a role in coordinating these three processes. here we report the isolation of wheat (triticum aestivum) phs1 (taphs1), and its expression profile during and after meiosis. while the taphs1 protein has sequence similarity to other plant phs1/phs1-like proteins, it also possesses a unique region of oligop ... | 2012 | 22518114 |
| starch characteristics of transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) overexpressing the dx5 high molecular weight glutenin subunit are substantially equivalent to those in nonmodified wheat. | the effects of engineering higher levels of the high molecular weight glutenin dx5 subunit on starch characteristics in transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain were evaluated. this is important because of the interrelationship between starch and protein accumulation in grain, the strong biotechnological interest in modulating dx5 levels and the increasing likelihood that transgenic wheat will be commercialized in the u.s. unintended effects of dx5 overexpression on starch could affect whea ... | 2012 | 22515236 |
| uncovering small rna-mediated responses to cold stress in a wheat thermosensitive genic male-sterile line by deep sequencing. | the male sterility of thermosensitive genic male sterile (tgms) lines of wheat (triticum aestivum) is strictly controlled by temperature. the early phase of anther development is especially susceptible to cold stress. micrornas (mirnas) play an important role in plant development and in responses to environmental stress. in this study, deep sequencing of small rna (smrna) libraries obtained from spike tissues of the tgms line under cold and control conditions identified a total of 78 unique mirn ... | 2012 | 22508932 |
| effects of high temperature after anthesis on starch granules in grains of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the effect of high temperatures (above 25°c) on starch concentration and the morphology of starch granules in the grains of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were studied. wheat plants of cultivars yangmai 9 (weak-gluten) and yangmai 12 (medium-gluten) were treated with high temperatures for 3 days at different times after anthesis. the results showed that the starch concentration of grains given a heat-shock treatment above 30°c were lower than those developing at normal temperature in both cultivar ... | 2011 | 22505772 |
| structural basis for inhibition of xyloglucan-specific endo-β-1,4-glucanase (xeg) by xeg-protein inhibitor. | microorganisms such as plant pathogens secrete glycoside hydrolases (ghs) to digest the polysaccharide chains of plant cell walls. the degradation of cell walls by these enzymes is a crucial step for nutrition and invasion. to protect the cell wall from these enzymes, plants secrete glycoside hydrolase inhibitor proteins (ghips). xyloglucan-specific endo-β-1,4-glucanase (xeg), a member of gh family 12 (gh12), could be a great threat to many plants because xyloglucan is a major component of the c ... | 2012 | 22496365 |
| effects of organic and conventional production systems and cultivars on the technological properties of winter wheat. | the current study aimed to estimate the effects of organic and conventional production systems and four winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) bread cultivars on the technological properties of grain, flour, dough and bread, to increase current knowledge regarding the interactions of the technological properties of winter wheat and assess the cultivars for their suitability for organic production systems. | 2012 | 22495593 |
| cytokinin oxidase is involved in the regulation of cytokinin content by 24-epibrassinolide in wheat seedlings. | fast and stable 2-fold accumulation of cytokinins (cks) was detected initially in roots and then in shoots of 4-day-old wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings in the course of their treatment with 0.4μm 24-epibrassinolide (ebr). elevated cytokinin level has been maintained only in the presence of ebr, while the hormone removal has led to return of cytokinin concentration to the control level initially in the roots and then in the shoots. ebr-induced accumulation of cytokinins was accompanied by ... | 2012 | 22480990 |
| qtl mapping of terminal heat tolerance in hexaploid wheat (t. aestivum l.). | high temperature (>30 °c) at the time of grain filling is one of the major causes of yield reduction in wheat in many parts of the world, especially in tropical countries. to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) for heat tolerance under terminal heat stress, a set of 148 recombinant inbred lines was developed by crossing a heat-tolerant hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar (nw1014) and a heat-susceptible (huw468) cultivar. the f(5), f(6), and f(7) generations were evaluated in two d ... | 2012 | 22476874 |
| genotype-dependent burst of transposable element expression in crowns of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) during cold acclimation. | the expression of 1,613 transposable elements (tes) represented in the affymetrix wheat genome chip was examined during cold treatment in crowns of four hexaploid wheat genotypes that vary in tolerance to cold and in flowering time. the te expression profiles showed a constant level of expression throughout the experiment in three of the genotypes. in winter norstar, the most cold-hardy of the four genotypes, a subset of the tes showed a burst of expression after vernalization saturation was ach ... | 2012 | 22474410 |
| phytotoxic effects and a phytotoxin from the invasive plant xanthium italicum moretti. | the allelopathic effects of different parts of the plant xanthium italicum moretti were evaluated by conducting bioassays against two dicot plants, amaranth (amaranthus mangostanus l.) and lettuce (lectuca sativa l.), and two monocot plants, wheat (triticum aestivum linn) and ryegrass (lolium multiforum). leaf and fruit extract possessed the strongest biological activity, killing all seeds of four test species at 0.05 g/ml concentration. fruits were chosen for further investigation because of th ... | 2012 | 22469597 |
| retraction of article: stable chloroplast transformation of immature scutella and inflorescences in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | | 2012 | 22467140 |
| zonal responses of sensitive vs. tolerant wheat roots during al exposure and recovery. | aluminium (al) irreversibly inhibits root growth in sensitive, but not in some tolerant genotypes. to better understand tolerance mechanisms, seedlings from tolerant ('barbela 7/72' line) and sensitive ('anahuac') triticum aestivum l. genotypes were exposed to alcl(3) 185 μm for: (a) 24 h followed by 48 h without al (recovery); (b) 72 h of continuous exposure. three root zones were analyzed (meristematic (mz), elongation (ez) and hairy (hz)) for callose deposition, reserves (starch and lipids) a ... | 2012 | 22459322 |
| copy number variation affecting the photoperiod-b1 and vernalization-a1 genes is associated with altered flowering time in wheat (triticum aestivum). | the timing of flowering during the year is an important adaptive character affecting reproductive success in plants and is critical to crop yield. flowering time has been extensively manipulated in crops such as wheat (triticum aestivum l.) during domestication, and this enables them to grow productively in a wide range of environments. several major genes controlling flowering time have been identified in wheat with mutant alleles having sequence changes such as insertions, deletions or point m ... | 2012 | 22457747 |
| virus-induced gene silencing of mlo genes induces powdery mildew resistance in triticum aestivum. | powdery mildew is one of the most important cereal diseases worldwide. genetic analysis has revealed that mutant alleles of the mlo gene cause broad-spectrum resistance against this pathogen in barley. in this study, the possibility of inducing broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance against this pathogen by rnai of the barley mlo ortholog in wheat was examined using virus-induced gene silencing (vigs). a clear correlation was found between resistance and accumulation of mlo-specific sirnas, ra ... | 2012 | 22446884 |
| relationship between cultivar difference in the sensitivity of net photosynthesis to ozone and reactive oxygen species scavenging system in japanese winter wheat (triticum aestivum). | to clarify the relationship between cultivar difference in the sensitivity of net photosynthesis to ozone (o(3)) and the reactive oxygen species (ros) scavenging system in wheat (triticum aestivum), we investigated the effects of chronic exposure to ambient levels of o(3) on gas exchange rates, activity and concentration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), activity of ros scavenging enzymes and concentration of antioxidants of the flag leaf in two japanese winter wheat ... | 2012 | 22443421 |