| heat tolerance in a wild oryza species is attributed to maintenance of rubisco activation by a thermally stable rubisco activase ortholog. | the mechanistic basis of tolerance to heat stress was investigated in oryza sativa and two wild rice species, oryza meridionalis and oryza australiensis. the wild relatives are endemic to the hot, arid australian savannah. leaf elongation rates and gas exchange were measured during short periods of supra-optimal heat, revealing species differences. the rubisco activase (rca) gene from each species was sequenced. using expressed recombinant rca and leaf-extracted rca, the kinetic properties of th ... | 2016 | 27145723 |
| correction: mapping quantitative trait loci associated with toot traits using sequencing-based genotyping chromosome segment substitution lines derived from 9311 and nipponbare in rice (oryza sativa l.). | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151796.]. | 2017 | 27145028 |
| image harvest: an open-source platform for high-throughput plant image processing and analysis. | high-throughput plant phenotyping is an effective approach to bridge the genotype-to-phenotype gap in crops. phenomics experiments typically result in large-scale image datasets, which are not amenable for processing on desktop computers, thus creating a bottleneck in the image-analysis pipeline. here, we present an open-source, flexible image-analysis framework, called image harvest (ih), for processing images originating from high-throughput plant phenotyping platforms. image harvest is develo ... | 2016 | 27141917 |
| csn6, a subunit of the cop9 signalosome, is involved in early response to iron deficiency in oryza sativa. | the cop9 signalosome (csn) plays an important role in proteasome-mediated degradation by regulating cul1 rubylation of the scf ligase and is involved in many crucial biological processes. here, we demonstrate a link between idef1 accumulation and the decline in cop9 derubylation activity in response to iron deficiency (-fe) in rice (oryza sativa). csn6 expression is rapidly down-regulated during fe depletion, contributing to reduced csn activity, as judged by csn5 and cul1 expression, indicating ... | 2016 | 27137867 |
| imprinted gene osfie1 modulates rice seed development by influencing nutrient metabolism and modifying genome h3k27me3. | imprinted polycomb group (pcg) genes play a critical role in seed development in arabidopsis. however, the role of the imprinted gene in cereal plants remains obscure. here, a transgenic approach was conducted to study the function of the imprinted gene oryza sativa fertilization-independent endosperm 1 (osfie1) during seed development in rice (oryza sativa ssp. japonica 'zhonghua11'). rnai of osfie1 and homozygous t-dna insertion mutant osfie1 led to smaller seeds, delayed embryo development, s ... | 2016 | 27133784 |
| effects of surface ligands on the uptake and transport of gold nanoparticles in rice and tomato. | nanotechnology is advancing rapidly and substantial amounts of nanomaterials are released into the environment. plants are an essential base component of the ecological environment and play a critical role in the fate and transport of nanomaterials in the environment through plant uptake and bioaccumulation. in this study, plant uptake of gold nanoparticles (gnps) functionalized with three types of short ligands [cysteamine (ca), cysteine (cys) and thioglycolic acid (tga)] and of nearly identica ... | 2016 | 27131459 |
| characterization of grain quality and starch fine structure of two japonica rice (oryza sativa) cultivars with good sensory properties at different temperatures during the filling stage. | temperature during the growing season is a critical factor affecting grain quality. high temperatures at grain filling affect kernel development, resulting in reduced yield, increased chalkiness, reduced amylose content, and poor milling quality. here, we investigated the grain quality and starch structure of two japonica rice cultivars with good sensory properties grown at different temperatures during the filling stage under natural field conditions. compared to those grown under normal condit ... | 2016 | 27128366 |
| comprehensive mitochondrial metabolic shift during the critical node of seed ageing in rice. | the critical node (cn) in seed aging in rice (oryza sativa) is the transformation from phase i (p-i) to phase ii (p-ii) of the reverse s-shaped curve (rs-sc). although mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in seed ageing, the metabolic shift in the cn remains poorly understood. here, we investigated the mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms during the cn of rice seed ageing. we showed that during the cn of seed ageing, the mitochondrial ultrastructure was impaired, causing oxygen consumption ... | 2016 | 27124767 |
| molecular dissection of oryza sativa salt-induced ring finger protein 1 (ossirp1): possible involvement in the sensitivity response to salinity stress. | ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation via really interesting new gene (ring) e3 ligase plays an important role in plant responses to abiotic stress conditions. many plant studies have found that ring proteins regulate the perception of various abiotic stresses and signal transduction. in this study, oryza sativa salt-induced ring finger protein 1 (ossirp1) gene was selected randomly from 44 oryza sativa ring finger proteins (osrfps) genes highly expressed in rice roots exposed to salinity ... | 2016 | 27118216 |
| anticlastogenicity and anticarcinogenicity of purple rice extract in rats. | oryza sativa l. var. indica cv. kum doi saket is a pigmented rice variety grown in northern thailand. our previous study found that the methanol extract of purple rice seed had the highest level of antimutagenicity in a salmonella mutation assay. the present study was designed to evaluate its in vivo anticlastogenic and anticarcinogenic potentials. the purple rice extract had no acute toxicity on rats. the oral administration of 1,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) of the extract for 28 days did not inc ... | 2017 | 27115481 |
| soil incorporation of silica-rich rice husk decreases inorganic arsenic in rice grain. | arsenic decreases rice yield, and inorganic grain as threatens human health; thus, strategies to decrease rice as are critically needed. increased plant-available silica (si) can decrease rice as, yet the source of si matters. rice husk, an underutilized and si-rich byproduct of rice production that contains less labile c and an order of magnitude less as than rice straw, may be an economically viable si resource to decrease rice as, yet the impact of rice husk incorporation on as in the rice-so ... | 2016 | 27109244 |
| crl6, a member of the chd protein family, is required for crown root development in rice. | the root system in monocotyledonous plants is largely composed of postembryonic shoot-borne roots named crown roots, which are important for nutrients and water uptake. the molecular mechanism underlying regulation of crown root development is not fully explored. in this study, we characterized a rice (oryza sativa) mutant defective in crown root formation, designated as crown rootless6 (crl6). histological analysis showed that crl6 influences crown root formation by regulating primordial initia ... | 2016 | 27108205 |
| ribosomal protein s6 kinase1 coordinates with tor-raptor2 to regulate thylakoid membrane biosynthesis in rice. | ribosomal protein s6 kinase (s6k) functions as a key component in the target of rapamycin (tor) pathway involved in multiple processes in eukaryotes. the role and regulation of tor-s6k in lipid metabolism remained unknown in plants. here we provide genetic and pharmacological evidence that tor-raptor2-s6k1 is important for thylakoid galactolipid biosynthesis and thylakoid grana modeling in rice (oryza sativa l.). genetic suppression of s6k1 caused pale yellow-green leaves, defective thylakoid gr ... | 2016 | 27102613 |
| proteomic and physiological studies provide insight into photosynthetic response of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings to microgravity. | the mechanisms whereby how photosynthesis is regulated and maintained under conditions of microgravity remain incompletely understood. herein, we took a combination of proteomic and physiological approaches to examine the response of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings to spaceflight conditions. our results show that both psi fluorescence emission peak and p700 absorbance amplitude are severely decreased in spaceflight seedlings under microgravity. this is consistent with an observed significant re ... | 2016 | 27096703 |
| osbbx14 delays heading date by repressing florigen gene expression under long and short-day conditions in rice. | b-box (bbx) proteins are zinc finger proteins containing b-box domains, which have roles in arabidopsis growth and development. however, little is known concerning rice bbxs. herein, we identified a rice bbx protein, oryza sativa bbx14 (osbbx14). osbbx14 is highly expressed in flag leaf blades. osbbx14 expression shows a diurnal rhythm under photoperiodic conditions and subsequent continuous white light. osbbx14 is located in the nucleus and has transcriptional activation potential. osbbx14-over ... | 2016 | 27095397 |
| identification of embryo proteins associated with seed germination and seedling establishment in germinating rice seeds. | seed germination is a critical phase in the plant life cycle, but the mechanism of seed germination is still poorly understood. in the present study, rice (oryza sativa l. cv. peiai 64s) seeds were sampled individually when they reached different germination stages, quiescent, germinated sensu stricto, germinated completely and seedling, and were used to study the changes in the embryo proteome. a total of 88 protein spots showed a significant change in abundance during germination in water, and ... | 2016 | 27085178 |
| a positive feedback loop governed by sub1a1 interaction with mitogen-activated protein kinase3 imparts submergence tolerance in rice. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signal transduction networks have been extensively explored in plants; however, the connection between mapk signaling cascades and submergence tolerance is currently unknown. the ethylene response factor-like protein sub1a orchestrates a plethora of responses during submergence stress tolerance in rice (oryza sativa). in this study, we report that mpk3 is activated by submergence in a sub1a-dependent manner. mpk3 physically interacts with and phosphorylate ... | 2016 | 27081183 |
| crystal structure of the gras domain of scarecrow-like7 in oryza sativa. | gras proteins belong to a plant-specific protein family with many members and play essential roles in plant growth and development, functioning primarily in transcriptional regulation. proteins in the family are minimally defined as containing the conserved gras domain. here, we determined the structure of the gras domain of os-scl7 from rice (oryza sativa) to 1.82 å. the structure includes cap and core subdomains and elucidates the features of the conserved gras lri, vhiid, lrii, pfyre, and saw ... | 2016 | 27081181 |
| mapping qtls for salt tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.) by bulked segregant analysis of recombinant inbred lines using 50k snp chip. | soil salinity is a major constraint to rice production in large inland and coastal areas around the world. modern high yielding rice varieties are particularly sensitive to high salt stress. there are salt tolerant landraces and traditional varieties of rice but with limited information on genomic regions (qtls) and genes responsible for their tolerance. here we describe a method for rapid identification of qtls for reproductive stage salt tolerance in rice using bulked segregant analysis (bsa) ... | 2016 | 27077373 |
| two highly similar dead box proteins, osrh2 and osrh34, homologous to eukaryotic initiation factor 4aiii, play roles of the exon junction complex in regulating growth and development in rice. | the exon junction complex (ejc), which contains four core components, eukaryotic initiation factor 4aiii (eif4aiii), mago/nashi (mago), y14/tsunagi/rna-binding protein 8a, and barentsz/metastatic lymph node 51, is formed in both nucleus and cytoplasm, and plays important roles in gene expression. genes encoding core ejc components have been found in plants, including rice. currently, the functional characterizations of mago and y14 homologs have been demonstrated in rice. however, it is still un ... | 2016 | 27071313 |
| biology and management of the mexican rice borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in rice in the united states. | the mexican rice borer, eoreuma loftini (dyar), is an invasive pest of rice, oryza sativa l., in the gulf coast region of the united states. this pest also damages sugarcane, saccharum spp. hybrids; corn, zea mays l.; and sorghum, sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, and feeds on weedy noncrop grasses. multiple aspects of integrated pest management including use of pheromone traps, manipulation of planting dates, harvest cutting height, stubble management, noncrop host management, soil fertility managem ... | 2016 | 28670487 |
| identification of β-phenylalanine as a non-protein amino acid in cultivated rice, oryza sativa. | non-protein amino acids, often analogs of the standard 20 protein amino acids, have been discovered in many plant species. recent research with cultivated rice (oryza sativa) identified (3r)-β-tyrosine, as well as a tyrosine amino mutase that synthesizes (3r)-β-tyrosine from the protein amino acid (2s)-α-tyrosine. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) assays and comparison to an authentic standard showed that β-phenylalanine is also a relatively abundant non-protein amino acid in rice lea ... | 2017 | 27066169 |
| rapid crown root development confers tolerance to zinc deficiency in rice. | zinc (zn) deficiency is one of the leading nutrient disorders in rice (oryza sativa). many studies have identified zn-efficient rice genotypes, but causal mechanisms for zn deficiency tolerance remain poorly understood. here, we report a detailed study of the impact of zn deficiency on crown root development of rice genotypes, differing in their tolerance to this stress. zn deficiency delayed crown root development and plant biomass accumulation in both zn-efficient and inefficient genotypes, wi ... | 2016 | 27066060 |
| reassessment of the four yield-related genes gn1a, dep1, gs3, and ipa1 in rice using a crispr/cas9 system. | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)-associated (cas) systems have been successfully used as efficient tools for genome editing in a variety of species. we used the crispr/cas9 system to mutate the gn1a (os01g0197700), dep1 (os09g0441900), gs3 (os03g0407400), and ipa1 (os08g0509600) genes of rice cultivar zhonghua 11, genes which have been reported to function as regulators of grain number, panicle architecture, grain size and plant architecture, respectively. analy ... | 2016 | 27066031 |
| cupincin: a unique protease purified from rice (oryza sativa l.) bran is a new member of the cupin superfamily. | cupin superfamily is one of the most diverse super families. this study reports the purification and characterization of a novel cupin domain containing protease from rice bran for the first time. hypothetical protein osi_13867 was identified and named as cupincin. cupincin was purified to 4.4 folds with a recovery of 4.9%. cupincin had an optimum ph and temperature of ph 4.0 and 60 °c respectively. cupincin was found to be a homotrimer, consisting of three distinct subunits with apparent molecu ... | 2016 | 27064905 |
| a fungal endophyte helps plants to tolerate root herbivory through changes in gibberellin and jasmonate signaling. | plant-microbe mutualisms can improve plant defense, but the impact of root endophytes on below-ground herbivore interactions remains unknown. we investigated the effects of the root endophyte piriformospora indica on interactions between rice (oryza sativa) plants and its root herbivore rice water weevil (rww; lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), and how plant jasmonic acid (ja) and ga regulate this tripartite interaction. glasshouse experiments with wild-type rice and coi1-18 and eui1-ox mutants combine ... | 2016 | 27061745 |
| biochemical and molecular responses underlying differential arsenic tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the arsenic (as) is a toxic element causing major health concern worldwide. arsenate stress caused no significant reduction in growth parameters and shoot electrolyte leakage but showed increased root arsenate reductase activity along with relatively lower root as content and shoot translocation rate in as-tolerant brri 33 than in as-sensitive brri 51. it indicates that as inhibition and tolerance mechanisms are driven by root responses. interestingly, as stress showed consistent decrease in pho ... | 2016 | 27061371 |
| nitrogen recycling from the xylem in rice leaves: dependence upon metabolism and associated changes in xylem hydraulics. | measurements of amino acids in the guttation fluid and in the xylem exudates of cut leaves from intact plants provide evidence of the remarkable efficiency with which these nitrogenous compounds are reabsorbed from the xylem sap. this could be achieved by mechanisms involving intercellular transport and/or metabolism. developmental changes in transcripts and protein showed that transcripts for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) increased from the base to the leaf tip, and were markedly in ... | 2016 | 27053722 |
| oryza sativa h+-atpase (osa) is involved in the regulation of dumbbell-shaped guard cells of rice. | the stomatal apparatus consists of a pair of guard cells and regulates gas exchange between the leaf and atmosphere. in guard cells, blue light (bl) activates h(+)-atpase in the plasma membrane through the phosphorylation of its penultimate threonine, mediating stomatal opening. although this regulation is thought to be widely adopted among kidney-shaped guard cells in dicots, the molecular basis underlying that of dumbbell-shaped guard cells in monocots remains unclear. here, we show that h(+)- ... | 2016 | 27048369 |
| osphya modulates rice flowering time mainly through osgi under short days and ghd7 under long days in the absence of phytochrome b. | phytochromes recognize light signals and control diverse developmental processes. in rice, all three phytochrome genes-osphya, osphyb, and osphyc-are involved in regulating flowering time. we investigated the role of osphya by comparing the osphya osphyb double mutant to an osphyb single mutant. plants of the double mutant flowered later than the single under short days (sd) but bolted earlier under long days (ld). under sd, this delayed-flowering phenotype was primarily due to the decreased exp ... | 2016 | 27039184 |
| dietary supplementation of germinated pigmented rice (oryza sativa l.) lowers dyslipidemia risk in ovariectomized sprague-dawley rats. | in the recent years, cases of elderly women suffering from metabolic diseases such as dyslipidemias brought about by hormonal imbalance after menopause are continuously increasing. in this regard, a continuous and escalating demand to develop a more functional and highly nutritional food product as an adjunct supplement that can help alleviate these diseases is still being sought. | 2016 | 27032671 |
| population structure, diversity and trait association analysis in rice (oryza sativa l.) germplasm for early seedling vigor (esv) using trait linked ssr markers. | early seedling vigor (esv) is the essential trait for direct seeded rice to dominate and smother the weed growth. in this regard, 629 rice genotypes were studied for their morphological and physiological responses in the field under direct seeded aerobic situation on 14th, 28th and 56th days after sowing (das). it was determined that the early observations taken on 14th and 28th das were reliable estimators to study esv as compared to 56th das. further, 96 were selected from 629 genotypes by pri ... | 2016 | 27031620 |
| a (1)h hr-mas nmr-based metabolomic study for metabolic characterization of rice grain from various oryza sativa l. cultivars. | rice grain metabolites are important for better understanding of the plant physiology of various rice cultivars and thus for developing rice cultivars aimed at providing diverse processed products. however, the variation of global metabolites in rice grains has rarely been explored. here, we report the identification of intra- or intercellular metabolites in rice (oryza sativa l.) grain powder using a (1)h high-resolution magic angle spinning (hr-mas) nmr-based metabolomic approach. compared wit ... | 2016 | 27030107 |
| residual phosphorus and zinc influence wheat productivity under rice-wheat cropping system. | continuous cropping of rice (oryza sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) deplete soil fertility and crop productivity. one strategy to increase crop productivity under rice-wheat system is balanced application of crop nutrients. field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, 120 kg p ha(-1)) and zinc (0, 5, 10, 15 kg zn ha(-1)) on the productivity of rice genotypes (fine and coarse) and their residual effects on the grain yield (gy) and its components (yc) of ... | 2016 | 27026947 |
| rsiadb, a collective resource for genome and transcriptome analyses in rhizoctonia solani ag1 ia. | rice [oryza sativa (l.)] feeds more than half of the world's population. rhizoctonia solaniis a major fungal pathogen of rice causing extreme crop losses in all rice-growing regions of the world. r. solani ag1 ia is a major cause of sheath blight in rice. in this study, we constructed a comprehensive and user-friendly web-based database, rsiadb, to analyse its draft genome and transcriptome. the database was built using the genome sequence (10,489 genes) and annotation information for r. solani ... | 2016 | 27022158 |
| genome-wide sequencing of 41 rice (oryza sativa l.) mutated lines reveals diverse mutations induced by fast-neutron irradiation. | | 2016 | 27018389 |
| itraq-based proteomic analysis reveals the mechanisms of silicon-mediated cadmium tolerance in rice (oryza sativa) cells. | silicon (si) can alleviate cadmium (cd) stress in rice (oryza sativa) plants, however, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms at the single-cell level remains limited. to address these questions, we investigated suspension cells of rice cultured in the dark environment in the absence and presence of si with either short- (12 h) or long-term (5 d) cd treatments using a combination of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq), fluorescent staining, and inductively coupled ... | 2016 | 27017433 |
| analyses of old "prokaryotic" proteins indicate functional diversification in arabidopsis and oryza sativa. | during evolution, various processes such as duplication, divergence, recombination, and many other events leads to the evolution of new genes with novel functions. these evolutionary events, thus significantly impact the evolution of cellular, physiological, morphological, and other phenotypic trait of organisms. while evolving, eukaryotes have acquired large number of genes from the earlier prokaryotes. this work is focused upon identification of old "prokaryotic" proteins in arabidopsis and or ... | 2016 | 27014324 |
| mapping quantitative trait loci associated with toot traits using sequencing-based genotyping chromosome segment substitution lines derived from 9311 and nipponbare in rice (oryza sativa l.). | identification of quantitative trait loci (qtls) associated with rice root morphology provides useful information for avoiding drought stress and maintaining yield production under the irrigation condition. in this study, a set of chromosome segment substitution lines derived from 9311 as the recipient and nipponbare as donor, were used to analysis root morphology. by combining the resequencing-based bin-map with a multiple linear regression analysis, qtl identification was conducted on root num ... | 2016 | 27010823 |
| the pin1 family gene pvpin1 is involved in auxin-dependent root emergence and tillering in switchgrass. | switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.; family poaceae) is a warm-season c4 perennial grass. tillering plays an important role in determining the morphology of aboveground parts and the final biomass yield of switchgrass. auxin distribution in plants can affect a variety of important growth and developmental processes, including the regulation of shoot and root branching, plant resistance and biological yield. auxin transport and gradients in plants are mediated by influx and efflux carriers. pvpin1, ... | 2016 | 27007900 |
| research on root responses to pb and zn combined stress of carex putuoshan. | pb hyper-accumulated carex putuoshan was taken as experimental material and subjected to combined stress of pb and zn. the differential expression of proteins in their roots were analyzed by proteomic approach. the protein that was directly involved in the cellular defense under the pb and zn combined stress was separated, and expression of those genes was analyzed with carex evergold as control. the results were obtained by maldi-tof/ms analysis. after applying pb and zn combined stress, the ex ... | 2016 | 27001405 |
| cadmium stress in rice: toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management: a critical review. | cadmium (cd) is one of the main pollutants in paddy fields, and its accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) and subsequent transfer to food chain is a global environmental issue. this paper reviews the toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management of cd in a rice paddy. cadmium toxicity decreases seed germination, growth, mineral nutrients, photosynthesis, and grain yield. it also causes oxidative stress and genotoxicity in rice. plant response to cd toxicity varies with cultivars, growth c ... | 2016 | 26996904 |
| a single cytosine deletion in the ospls1 gene encoding vacuolar-type h+-atpase subunit a1 leads to premature leaf senescence and seed dormancy in rice. | leaf senescence is a programmed developmental process orchestrated by many factors, but its molecular regulation is not yet fully understood. in this study, a novel oryza sativa premature leaf senescence mutant (ospls1) was examined. despite normal development in early seedlings, the ospls1 mutant leaves displayed lesion-mimics and early senescence, and a high transpiration rate after tillering. the mutant also showed seed dormancy attributable to physical (defect of micropyle structure) and phy ... | 2016 | 26994476 |
| genome-wide identification and characterization of aquaporin gene family in moso bamboo (phyllostachys edulis). | aquaporins (aqps) are known to play a major role in maintaining water and hydraulic conductivity balance in the plant system. numerous studies have showed aqps execute multi-function throughout plant growth and development, including water transport, nitrogen, carbon, and micronutrient acquisition etc. however, little information on aqps is known in bamboo. in this study, we present the first genome-wide identification and characterization of aqp genes in moso bamboo (phyllostachys edulis) using ... | 2016 | 26993482 |
| pyrophosphate: fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (pfp) regulates carbon metabolism during grain filling in rice. | decreased pfpase activity in rice perturbs the equilibration of carbon metabolism during grain filling but has no visible phenotypic effects during the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. starch is a primary energy reserve for various metabolic processes in plant. despite much advance has been achieved in pathways involved in starch biosynthesis, information was still lacked for precise regulation related to carbon metabolism during seed filling in rice (oryza sativa). the objective of th ... | 2016 | 26993329 |
| shoot tolerance mechanisms to iron toxicity in rice (oryza sativa l.). | iron toxicity frequently affects lowland rice and leads to oxidative stress via the fenton reaction. tolerance mechanisms were investigated in contrasting genotypes: the intolerant ir29 and the tolerant recombinant inbred line fl483. seedlings were exposed to 1000 mg l-1 ferrous iron, and the regulation of genes involved in three hypothetical tolerance mechanisms was investigated (i) iron uptake, partitioning and storage. the iron concentration and speciation in different plant tissues did not d ... | 2017 | 26991510 |
| non-specific phospholipase c1 affects silicon distribution and mechanical strength in stem nodes of rice. | silicon, the second abundant element in the crust, is beneficial for plant growth, mechanical strength, and stress responses. here we show that manipulation of the non-specific phospholipase c1, npc1, alters silicon content in nodes and husks of rice (oryza sativa). silicon content in npc1-overexpressing (oe) plants was decreased in nodes but increased in husks compared to wild-type, whereas rnai suppression of npc1 resulted in the opposite changes to those of npc1-oe plants. npc1 from rice hydr ... | 2016 | 26991499 |
| development and validation of allele-specific snp/indel markers for eight yield-enhancing genes using whole-genome sequencing strategy to increase yield potential of rice, oryza sativa l. | rice is one of the major staple foods in the world, especially in the developing countries of asia. its consumption as a dietary source is also increasing in africa. to meet the demand for rice to feed the increasing human population, increasing rice yield is essential. improving the genetic yield potential of rice is one ideal solution. it is imperative to introduce the identified yield-enhancing gene(s) into modern rice cultivars for the rapid improvement of yield potential through marker-assi ... | 2016 | 26987543 |
| rice protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase isoforms differentially accumulate during seed maturation to restrict deleterious isoasp and reactive oxygen species accumulation and are implicated in seed vigor and longevity. | protein l-isoaspartyl o-methyltransferase (pimt) is a protein-repairing enzyme involved in seed vigor and longevity. however, the regulation of pimt isoforms during seed development and the mechanism of pimt-mediated improvement of seed vigor and longevity are largely unknown. in this study in rice (oryza sativa), we demonstrate the dynamics and correlation of isoaspartyl (isoasp)-repairing demands and pimt activity, and their implications, during seed development, germination and aging, through ... | 2016 | 26987457 |
| salt-responsive mechanisms in chromosome segment substitution lines of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. kdml105). | two chromosome segment substitution lines of khao dawk mali 105 (kdml105) rice that carry quantitative trait loci for drought tolerance located on chromosome 8 (dt-qtl8) designated cssl8-94 and cssl8-116 were investigated for co-expression network and physiological responses to salinity compared to their parents (kdml105; drought and salt sensitive recurrent parent, and dh103; drought tolerant qtl donor). these cssl lines show different salt-response traits under salt stress (cssl8-94 shows high ... | 2016 | 26986930 |
| improvement of rice biomass yield through qtl-based selection. | biomass yield of rice (oryza sativa l.) is an important breeding target, yet it is not easy to improve because the trait is complex and phenotyping is laborious. using progeny derived from a cross between two high-yielding japanese cultivars, we evaluated whether quantitative trait locus (qtl)-based selection can improve biomass yield. as a measure of biomass yield, we used plant weight (aboveground parts only), which included grain weight and stem and leaf weight. we measured these and related ... | 2016 | 26986071 |
| altered expression of acetylcholinesterase gene in rice results in enhancement or suppression of shoot gravitropism. | acetylcholinesterase (ache), an acetylcholine-hydrolyzing enzyme, exists widely in plants, although its role in plant signal transduction is still unclear. we have hypothesized that the plant ache regulates asymmetric distribution of hormones and substrates due to gravity stimulus, based on indirect pharmacological experiments using an ache inhibitor. as a direct evidence for this hypothesis, our recent study has shown that ache overexpression causes an enhanced gravitropic response in rice seed ... | 2016 | 26979939 |
| the genetic diversity and structure of indica rice in china as detected by single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is the staple food of more than half of the world's population. the identification of genetic diversity in local varieties of rice compared with that of improved or introduced varieties is important in breeding elite varieties for sustainable agriculture. array-based single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) detection is a useful technique for such studies and breeding applications. | 2016 | 26979342 |
| phosphate treatment strongly inhibits new arbuscule development but not the maintenance of arbuscule in mycorrhizal rice roots. | phosphorus (p) is a crucial nutrient for plant growth, but its availability to roots is limited in soil. arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis is a promising strategy for improving plant p acquisition. however, p fertilizer reduces fungal colonization (p inhibition) and compromises mycorrhizal p uptake, warranting studies on the mechanistic basis of p inhibition. in this study, early morphological changes in p inhibition were identified in rice (oryza sativa) using fungal cell wall staining and ... | 2016 | 26979330 |
| soil texture and cultivar effects on rice (oryza sativa, l.) grain yield, yield components and water productivity in three water regimes. | the objective of this study was to determine the effects of water regime/soil condition (continuous flooding, saturated, and aerobic), cultivar ('cocodrie' and 'rondo'), and soil texture (clay and sandy loam) on rice grain yield, yield components and water productivity using a greenhouse trial. rice grain yield was significantly affected by soil texture and the interaction between water regime and cultivar. significantly higher yield was obtained in continuous flooding than in aerobic and satura ... | 2016 | 26978525 |
| data for global lysine-acetylation analysis in rice (oryza sativa). | rice is one of the most important crops for human consumption and is a staple food for over half of the world׳s population (yu et al., 2002) [1]. a systematic identification of the lysine acetylome was performed by our research (xiong et al., 2016) [2]. rice plant samples were collected from 5 weeks old seedlings (oryza sativa, nipponbare). after the trypsin digestion and immunoaffinity precipitation, lc-ms/ms approach was used to identify acetylated peptides. after the collected ms/ms data proc ... | 2016 | 26977447 |
| root hair formation in rice (oryza sativa l.) differs between root types and is altered in artificial growth conditions. | root hairs are important sites for nutrient uptake, especially in p limiting conditions. here we provide first insights into root hair development for the diverse root types of rice grown under different conditions, and show the first in situ images of rice root hairs in intact soil. roots of plants grown in upland fields produced short root hairs that showed little responsiveness to p deficiency, and had a higher root hair density in the high p condition. these results were reproducible in rhiz ... | 2016 | 26976815 |
| prediction and identification of the effectors of heterotrimeric g proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.). | heterotrimeric g protein signaling cascades are one of the primary metazoan sensing mechanisms linking a cell to environment. however, the number of experimentally identified effectors of g protein in plant is limited. we have therefore studied which tools are best suited for predicting g protein effectors in rice. here, we compared the predicting performance of four classifiers with eight different encoding schemes on the effectors of g proteins by using 10-fold cross-validation. four methods w ... | 2017 | 26970777 |
| novel approach for high-throughput metabolic screening of whole plants by stable isotopes. | here, we demonstrate whole-plant metabolic profiling by stable isotope labeling and combustion isotope-ratio mass spectrometry for precise quantification of assimilation, translocation, and molecular reallocation of (13)co2 and (15)nh4no3 the technology was applied to rice (oryza sativa) plants at different growth stages. for adult plants, (13)co2 labeling revealed enhanced carbon assimilation of the flag leaf from flowering to late grain-filling stage, linked to efficient translocation into the ... | 2016 | 26966172 |
| [transcriptome analysis of bioenergy plant miscanthus sinensis anderss by rna-seq]. | miscanthus sinensis anderss is a perennial c4-grass. it is a promising bioenergy plant, which has been proposed as general feedstock for biomass and lignocellulosic biofuel production. in this study, the flower and leaf buds transcriptomes of miscanthus sinensis anderss were sequenced by the platform of illumina hiseq 2000. in total 98 326 unigenes were generated by de novo assembly with an average length of 822 bp and n50 of 1 023 bp. based on the nr, nt, swiss-prot, kegg, go and cog databases ... | 2015 | 26964333 |
| are symbiotic methanotrophs key microbes for n acquisition in paddy rice root? | the relationships between biogeochemical processes and microbial functions in rice (oryza sativa) paddies have been the focus of a large number of studies. a mechanistic understanding of methane-nitrogen (ch4-n) cycle interactions is a key unresolved issue in research on rice paddies. this minireview is an opinion paper for highlighting the mechanisms underlying the interactions between biogeochemical processes and plant-associated microbes based on recent metagenomic, metaproteomic, and isotope ... | 2016 | 26960961 |
| osdmc1 is not required for homologous pairing in rice meiosis. | meiotic homologous recombination is pivotal to sexual reproduction. dmc1, a conserved recombinase, is involved in directing single-end invasion between interhomologs during meiotic recombination. in this study, we identified osdmc1a and osdmc1b, two closely related proteins in rice (oryza sativa) with high sequence similarity to dmc1 proteins from other species. analysis of osdmc1a and osdmc1b tos17 insertion mutants indicated that these genes are functionally redundant. immunolocalization analy ... | 2016 | 26960731 |
| enhanced gene expression rather than natural polymorphism in coding sequence of the osbzip23 determines drought tolerance and yield improvement in rice genotypes. | drought is one of the major limiting factors for productivity of crops including rice (oryza sativa l.). understanding the role of allelic variations of key regulatory genes involved in stress-tolerance is essential for developing an effective strategy to combat drought. the bzip transcription factors play a crucial role in abiotic-stress adaptation in plants via abscisic acid (aba) signaling pathway. the present study aimed to search for allelic polymorphism in the osbzip23 gene across selected ... | 2016 | 26959651 |
| the oryza sativa regulator hdr1 associates with the kinase osk4 to control photoperiodic flowering. | rice is a facultative short-day plant (sdp), and the regulatory pathways for flowering time are conserved, but functionally modified, in arabidopsis and rice. heading date 1 (hd1), an ortholog of arabidopsis constans (co), is a key regulator that suppresses flowering under long-day conditions (lds), but promotes flowering under short-day conditions (sds) by influencing the expression of the florigen gene heading date 3a (hd3a). another key regulator, early heading date 1 (ehd1), is an evolutiona ... | 2016 | 26954091 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of seed embryo proteins associated with seed storability in rice (oryza sativa l) during natural aging. | seed storability is considered an important trait in rice breeding; however, the underlying regulating mechanisms remain largely unknown. here, we carried out a physiological and proteomic study to identify proteins possibly related to seed storability under natural conditions. two hybrid cultivars, iiyou998 (iiy998) and boyou998 (by998), were analyzed in parallel because they share the same restorer line but have significant differences in seed storability. after a 2-year storage period, the ge ... | 2016 | 26950923 |
| effects of feeding purple rice (oryza sativa l. var. glutinosa) on the quality of pork and pork products. | purple rice is a strain of glutaneous rice rich in anthocyanins and γ-oryzanol. both types of compounds are involved in antioxidant and lipid metabolism of mammals. three experimental diet types were used which consisted approximately by half either of purple rice, white rice or corn. diets were fed to 3×10 pigs growing from about 30 to 100 kg. meat samples were investigated either as raw or cured loin chops or as smoked bacon produced from the belly. various physicochemical traits were assessed ... | 2016 | 26949957 |
| interaction between sulfur and lead in toxicity, iron plaque formation and lead accumulation in rice plant. | human activities have resulted in lead and sulfur accumulation in paddy soils in parts of southern china. a combined soil-sand pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of s supply on iron plaque formation and pb accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) under two pb levels (0 and 600 mg kg(-1)), combined with four s concentrations (0, 30, 60, and 120 mg kg(-1)). results showed that s supply significantly decreased pb accumulation in straw and grains of rice. this result may be attr ... | 2016 | 26946285 |
| a drought-inducible transcription factor delays reproductive timing in rice. | the molecular mechanisms underlying photoperiod or temperature control of flowering time have been recently elucidated, but how plants regulate flowering time in response to other external factors, such as water availability, remains poorly understood. using a large-scale hybrid transcription factor approach, we identified a bzip transcriptional factor, o. sativa aba responsive element binding factor 1 (osabf1), which acts as a suppressor of floral transition in a photoperiod-independent manner. ... | 2016 | 26945049 |
| combination of eight alleles at four quantitative trait loci determines grain length in rice. | grain length is an important quantitative trait in rice (oryza sativa l.) that influences both grain yield and exterior quality. although many quantitative trait loci (qtls) for grain length have been identified, it is still unclear how different alleles from different qtls regulate grain length coordinately. to explore the mechanisms of qtl combination in the determination of grain length, five mapping populations, including two f2 populations, an f3 population, an f7 recombinant inbred line (r ... | 2016 | 26942914 |
| reliable selection and holistic stability evaluation of reference genes for rice under 22 different experimental conditions. | stable and uniform expression of reference genes across samples plays a key role in accurate normalization of gene expression by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr). for rice study, there is still a lack of validation and recommendation of appropriate reference genes with high stability depending on experimental conditions. eleven candidate reference genes potentially owning high stability were evaluated by genorm and normfinder for their expression stability i ... | 2016 | 26940571 |
| soil water availability and capacity of nitrogen accumulation influence variations of intrinsic water use efficiency in rice. | leaf intrinsic water use efficiency (wuei) coupling maximum assimilation rate (amax) and transpirable water lost via stomatal conductance (gsc) has been gaining increasing concern in sustainable crop production. factors that influence leaf amax and wuei in rice (oryza sativa l. cv unkang) at flooding and rainfed conditions were evaluated. positive correlations for leaf nitrogen content (nm) and maximum carboxylation rate (vcmax), for nitrogen allocation in rubisco enzymes and mesophyll conductan ... | 2016 | 26938938 |
| heat stress yields a unique mads box transcription factor in determining seed size and thermal sensitivity. | early seed development events are highly sensitive to increased temperature. this high sensitivity to a short-duration temperature spike reduces seed viability and seed size at maturity. the molecular basis of heat stress sensitivity during early seed development is not known. we selected rice (oryza sativa), a highly heat-sensitive species, to explore this phenomenon. here, we elucidate the molecular pathways that contribute to the heat sensitivity of a critical developmental window during whic ... | 2016 | 26936896 |
| flowering-related ring protein 1 (frrp1) regulates flowering time and yield potential by affecting histone h2b monoubiquitination in rice (oryza sativa). | flowering time is a critical trait for crops cultivated under various temperature/photoperiod conditions around the world. to understand better the flowering time of rice, we used the vector ptck303 to produce several lines of rnai knockdown transgenic rice and investigated their flowering times and other agronomic traits. among them, the heading date of frrp1-rnai knockdown transgenic rice was 23-26 days earlier than that of wild-type plants. frrp1 is a novel rice gene that encodes a c3hc4-type ... | 2016 | 26934377 |
| gene expression profiling of reproductive meristem types in early rice inflorescences by laser microdissection. | in rice, inflorescence architecture is established at early stages of reproductive development and contributes directly to grain yield potential. after induction of flowering, the complexity of branching, and therefore the number of seeds on the panicle, is determined by the activity of different meristem types and the timing of transitions between them. although some of the genes involved in these transitions have been identified, an understanding of the network of transcriptional regulators co ... | 2016 | 26932536 |
| a psba mutation (val219 to ile) causes resistance to propanil and increased susceptibility to bentazon in cyperus difformis. | propanil-resistant (r) cyperus difformis populations were recently confirmed in california rice fields. to date, propanil resistance in other weed species has been associated with enhanced aryl acylamidase (aaa)-mediated propanil conversion into 3,4-dichloroaniline. our objectives were to determine the level of propanil resistance and cross-resistance to other psii inhibitors in c. difformis lines, and to elucidate the mechanism of propanil resistance. | 2016 | 26929096 |
| interconversion between methoxylated and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls in rice plants: an important but overlooked metabolic pathway. | to date, there is limited knowledge on the methoxylation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and the relationship between hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (oh-pcbs) and methoxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (meo-pcbs) in organisms. in this study, rice (oryza sativa l.) was chosen as the model organism to determine the metabolism of pcbs in plants. limited para-substituted 4'-oh-cb-61 (major metabolite) and 4'-meo-cb-61 (minor metabolite) were found after a 5-day exposure to cb-61, while o ... | 2016 | 26928534 |
| crystalline, thermal and swelling properties of starches from single-segment substitution lines with different wx alleles in rice (oryza sativa l.). | in rice, five common wx alleles, wx, wxt , wxg1 , wxg2 and wxg3 , have been identified according to their apparent amylose content (aac) phenotypes. previous studies revealed that this wx allelic variation may also affect other starch properties. however, so far, to what extent the five wx alleles influence the crystalline structure, thermal and swelling properties of rice starch is still unclear. for this purpose, a set of single-segment substitution lines (sssls) harboring five different wx al ... | 2017 | 26926871 |
| genome-wide dna polymorphism in the indica rice varieties rgd-7s and taifeng b as revealed by whole genome re-sequencing. | next-generation sequencing technologies provide opportunities to further understand genetic variation, even within closely related cultivars. we performed whole genome resequencing of two elite indica rice varieties, rgd-7s and taifeng b, whose f1 progeny showed hybrid weakness and hybrid vigor when grown in the early- and late-cropping seasons, respectively. approximately 150 million 100-bp pair-end reads were generated, which covered ∼86% of the rice (oryza sativa l. japonica 'nipponbare') ref ... | 2016 | 26926666 |
| biosynthesis of natural and novel c-glycosylflavones utilising recombinant oryza sativa c-glycosyltransferase (oscgt) and desmodium incanum root proteins. | the rice c-glycosyltransferase (oscgt) is one of only a small number of characterised plant c-glycosyltransferases (cgt) known. the enzyme c-glucosylates a 2-hydroxyflavanone substrate with udp-glucose as the sugar donor to produce c-glucosyl-2-hydroxyflavanones. we tested substrate specificity of the enzyme, using synthetic 2-hydroxyflavanones, and showed it has the potential to generate known natural cgfs that have been isolated from rice and also other plants. in addition, we synthesised nove ... | 2016 | 26923852 |
| association mapping and genetic dissection of nitrogen use efficiency-related traits in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the increases in the usage of nitrogen fertilizer result in deleterious impacts on the environment; thus, there is an urgent need to improve nitrogen use efficiency (nue) in crops including rice (oryza sativa l.). attentions have focused on quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping of nue-related traits using single experimental population, but to date, very few studies have taken advantage of association mapping to examine hundreds of lines for identifying potentially novel qtls in rice. here, we c ... | 2016 | 26922174 |
| low melatonin production by suppression of either serotonin n-acetyltransferase or n-acetylserotonin methyltransferase in rice causes seedling growth retardation with yield penalty, abiotic stress susceptibility, and enhanced coleoptile growth under anoxic conditions. | serotonin n-acetyltransferase (snat) and n-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (asmt) are the last two key enzymes for melatonin biosynthesis in living organisms. in this study, we demonstrated that transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants, in which expression of either endogenous snat or asmt was suppressed, had reduced melatonin synthesis, confirming that both snat and asmt are functionally involved in melatonin synthesis. the melatonin-deficient snat rice had retarded seedling growth, which was ... | 2016 | 26919041 |
| osclt1, a crt-like transporter 1, is required for glutathione homeostasis and arsenic tolerance in rice. | arsenic (as) contamination in a paddy environment can cause phytotoxicity and elevated as accumulation in rice (oryza sativa). the mechanism of as detoxification in rice is still poorly understood. we isolated an arsenate (as(v))-sensitive mutant of rice. genomic resequencing and complementation identified osclt1, encoding a crt-like transporter, as the causal gene for the mutant phenotype. osclt1 is localized to the envelope membrane of plastids. the glutathione and γ-glutamylcysteine contents ... | 2016 | 26918637 |
| osmpk6 plays a critical role in cell differentiation during early embryogenesis in oryza sativa. | the formation of body axes is the basis of morphogenesis during plant embryogenesis. we identified embryo-lethal mutants of rice (oryza sativa) in which t-dnas were inserted in osmpk6 embryonic organs were absent because their development was arrested at the globular stage. similar to observations made with gle4, shootless, and organless, the osmpk6 mutations affected the initial step of cell differentiation. expression of an apical-basal axis marker gene, osh1, was reduced in the mutant embryos ... | 2016 | 26912801 |
| population structure of rice varieties used in turkish rice breeding programs determined using simple-sequence repeat and inter-primer binding site-retrotransposon data. | effective breeding programs based on genetic diversity are needed to broaden the genetic basis of rice (oryza sativa l.) in turkey. in this study, 81 commercial varieties from seven countries were studied in order to estimate the genomic relationships among them using nine inter-primer binding site (ipbs)-retrotransposon and 17 simple-sequence repeat (ssr) markers. a total of 59 alleles for the ssr markers and 96 bands for the ipbs-retrotransposon markers were detected, with an average of 3.47 a ... | 2016 | 26909982 |
| comprehensive genomic analysis and expression profiling of the nox gene families under abiotic stresses and hormones in plants. | plasma membrane nadph oxidases (noxs) are key producers of reactive oxygen species under both normal and stress conditions in plants and they form functional subfamilies. studies of these subfamilies indicated that they show considerable evolutionary selection. we performed a comparative genomic analysis that identified 50 ferric reduction oxidases (fro) and 77 nox gene homologs from 20 species representing the eight major plant lineages within the supergroup plantae: glaucophytes, rhodophytes, ... | 2016 | 26907500 |
| metabolic prediction of important agronomic traits in hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.). | hybrid crops have contributed greatly to improvements in global food and fodder production over the past several decades. nevertheless, the growing population and changing climate have produced food crises and energy shortages. breeding new elite hybrid varieties is currently an urgent task, but present breeding procedures are time-consuming and labour-intensive. in this study, parental metabolic information was utilized to predict three polygenic traits in hybrid rice. a complete diallel cross ... | 2016 | 26907211 |
| simultaneous determination of multiclass emerging contaminants in aquatic plants by ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion and gc-ms. | a multiresidue method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 31 emerging contaminants (pharmaceutical compounds, hormones, personal care products, biocides, and flame retardants) in aquatic plants. analytes were extracted by ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (ua-mspd) and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after sylilation, the method was validated for different aquatic plants (typha angustifolia, arundo donax, and lemna minor) and a semiaquatic culti ... | 2017 | 26906007 |
| targeted knockdown of gdch in rice leads to a photorespiratory-deficient phenotype useful as a building block for c4 rice. | the glycine decarboxylase complex (gdc) plays a critical role in the photorespiratory c2 cycle of c3 species by recovering carbon following the oxygenation reaction of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. loss of gdc from mesophyll cells (mcs) is considered a key early step in the evolution of c4 photosynthesis. to assess the impact of preferentially reducing gdc in rice mcs, we decreased the abundance of osgdch (os10g37180) using an artificial microrna (amirna) driven by a promoter ... | 2016 | 26903527 |
| knock-down of a ring finger gene confers cold tolerance. | the plant-specific ring-domain finger proteins play important roles in plant development and stress responses. we recently identified and functionally characterized a stress-induced gene ossrfp1 (oryza sativa stress-related ring finger protein 1) from rice. we showed evidences of the biotechnological potential of the suppression of ossrfp1 expression in conferring cold tolerance. the increased cold tolerance of ossrfp1 knock-down plants was associated with higher amounts of free proline and acti ... | 2016 | 26901100 |
| complete chloroplast genome sequence and annotation of the tropical japonica group of asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.). | we announce here the first complete chloroplast genome sequence of the tropical japonica rice, along with its genome structure and functional annotation. the plant was collected from indonesia and deposited as a germplasm accession of the international rice genbank collection (irgc 66630) at the international rice research institute (irri). this genome provides valuable data for the future utilization of the germplasm of rice. | 2016 | 26893422 |
| prediction of phenotypic effects of variants observed in loc_os04g36720 of fro1 gene in rice (oryza sativa l.). | in rice, ferric-chelate reductase-1 (fro1) (loc_os04g36720) gene was present on chromosome number 4 and its beginning and ending coordinates where coding sequence lies are 22182599 and 22186943, respectively. it plays a vital role in metal homeostasis and iron transportation in plants. based on the alignment results, location of single-nucleotide variants is located in open reading frame and their effects of variants were predicted using sift sequence tool. the non-synonymous variants at positio ... | 2017 | 26885647 |
| product rearrangement from altering a single residue in the rice syn-copalyl diphosphate synthase. | through site-directed mutagenesis targeted at identification of the catalytic base in the rice (oryza sativa) syn-copalyl diphosphate synthase oscps4, changes to a single residue (h501) were found to induce rearrangement rather than immediate deprotonation of the initially formed bicycle, leading to production of the novel compound syn-halimadienyl diphosphate. these mutational results are combined with quantum chemical calculations to provide insight into the underlying reaction mechanism. | 2016 | 26878189 |
| genetic improvements in rice yield and concomitant increases in radiation- and nitrogen-use efficiency in middle reaches of yangtze river. | the yield potential of rice (oryza sativa l.) has experienced two significant growth periods that coincide with the introduction of semi-dwarfism and the utilization of heterosis. in present study, we determined the annual increase in the grain yield of rice varieties grown from 1936 to 2005 in middle reaches of yangtze river and examined the contributions of rue (radiation-use efficiency, the conversion efficiency of pre-anthesis intercepted global radiation to biomass) and nue (nitrogen-use ef ... | 2016 | 26876641 |
| functional analysis of a mate gene osfrdl2 revealed its involvement in al-induced secretion of citrate, but a lower contribution to al tolerance in rice. | the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (mate) transporters represent a large transporter family in plants, but the role of most genes in this family has not been examined. we functionally characterized a mate family member, osfrdl2, in rice (oryza sativa). osfrdl2 showed an efflux transport activity for citrate when it was expressed in both xenopus oocytes and cultured tobacco cells. osfrdl2 was mainly expressed in the roots and its expression was not induced by iron (fe) deficiency, but it ... | 2016 | 26872836 |
| oscol10, a constans-like gene, functions as a flowering time repressor downstream of ghd7 in rice. | flowering time, or heading date, is a critical agronomic trait that determines the cropping season and regional adaptability, and ultimately grain yield in rice. a number of genes involved in photoperiodic flowering have been cloned and their roles in modulating expression of the flowering genes have been characterized to a certain extent. however, much less is known about the pathway in transmitting the day length response signal(s) to induce transition to reproductive growth. here, we report a ... | 2016 | 26872834 |
| sumo is a critical regulator of salt stress responses in rice. | sumo (small ubiquitin-like modifier) conjugation onto target proteins has emerged as a very influential class of protein modification systems. sumo1/2 double mutant plants are nonviable, underlining the importance of sumo conjugation to plant survival. once covalently bound, sumo can alter a conjugated protein's stability and/or function. sumo conjugation is a highly dynamic process that can be rapidly reversed by the action of sumo proteases. the balance between the conjugated/deconjugated form ... | 2016 | 26869703 |
| screening for abiotic stress tolerance in rice: salt, cold, and drought. | rice (oryza sativa) is the primary source of food for more than half of the world population. most rice varieties are severely injured by abiotic stresses, with strong social and economic impact. understanding rice responses to stress may help breeding for more tolerant varieties. however, papers dealing with stress experiments often describe very different experimental designs, thus making comparisons difficult. the use of identical setups is the only way to generate comparable data. this chapt ... | 2016 | 26867623 |
| reduced sulfentrazone phytotoxicity through increased adsorption and anionic species in biochar-amended soils. | burning straw in the field is a common agricultural practice. the effects of adding biochar derived from rice straw to soils on the phytotoxicity of sulfentrazone to oryza sativa l. were observed. overall, when 1 % biochar was added to three different soils, the phytotoxicity of sulfentrazone to o. sativa l. decreased, and the concentration that inhibits growth by 50 % (ic50) increased by 1.4 to 7.6 times. to illuminate the influencing mechanisms, the changes in sulfentrazone adsorption to the s ... | 2016 | 26865479 |
| homodimerization of ehd1 is required to induce flowering in rice. | in plants, flowering time is elaborately controlled by various environment factors. ultimately, florigens such as flowering locus t (ft) or ft-like molecules induce flowering. in rice (oryza sativa), early heading date 1 (ehd1) is a major inducer of florigen gene expression. although ehd1 is highly homologous to the type-b response regulator (rr) family in the cytokinin signaling pathway, its precise molecular mechanism is not well understood. in this study, we showed that the c-terminal portion ... | 2016 | 26864016 |
| microarray analysis of rice d1 (rga1) mutant reveals the potential role of g-protein alpha subunit in regulating multiple abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat, and cold. | the genome-wide role of heterotrimeric g-proteins in abiotic stress response in rice has not been examined from a functional genomics perspective, despite the availability of mutants and evidences involving individual genes/processes/stresses. our rice whole transcriptome microarray analysis (gse 20925 at ncbi geo) using the g-alpha subunit (rga1) null mutant (daikoku 1 or d1) and its corresponding wild type (oryza sativa japonica nipponbare) identified 2270 unique differentially expressed genes ... | 2016 | 26858735 |