| extracellular igc2 constant domains of ceacams mediate pi3k sensitivity during uptake of pathogens. | several pathogenic bacteria utilize receptors of the ceacam family to attach to human cells. binding to different members of this receptor family can result in uptake of the bacteria. uptake of neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram-negative human pathogen, via ceacams found on epithelial cells, such as ceacam1, cea or ceacam6, differs mechanistically from phagocytosis mediated by ceacam3, a ceacam family member expressed selectively by human granulocytes. | 2012 | 22768164 |
| one third of middle ear effusions from children undergoing tympanostomy tube placement had multiple bacterial pathogens. | because previous studies have indicated that otitis media may be a polymicrobial disease, we prospectively analyzed middle ear effusions of children undergoing tympanostomy tube placement with multiplex polymerase chain reaction for four otopathogens. | 2012 | 22741759 |
| pleural effusion: diagnosis, treatment, and management. | a pleural effusion is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. it can pose a diagnostic dilemma to the treating physician because it may be related to disorders of the lung or pleura, or to a systemic disorder. patients most commonly present with dyspnea, initially on exertion, predominantly dry cough, and pleuritic chest pain. to treat pleural effusion appropriately, it is important to determine its etiology. however, the etiology of pleural effusion remains unclear in nearly 20 ... | 2012 | 27147861 |
| in young children, persistent wheezing is associated with bronchial bacterial infection: a retrospective analysis. | young children with persistent wheezing pose a diagnostic and therapeutical challenge to the pediatrician.we aimed to evaluate bacterial bronchial infection as a possible reason for non response to conventional asthma therapy, and to identify and characterise the predominant pathogens involved. | 2012 | 22726254 |
| assessment of some inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of outcome of acute respiratory failure on top of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and evaluation of the role of bacteria. | objective. to study the value of the inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 (il-6), interleukin-8 (il-8), and c-reactive protein (crp)) in predicting the outcome of noninvasive ventilation (niv) in the management of acute respiratory failure (arf) on top of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and the role of bacteria in the systemic inflammation. methods. thirty three patients were subjected to standard treatment plus niv, and accordingly, they were classified into responders and nonrespon ... | 2012 | 23724320 |
| composition of the adult digestive tract bacterial microbiome based on seven mouth surfaces, tonsils, throat and stool samples. | to understand the relationship between our bacterial microbiome and health, it is essential to define the microbiome in the absence of disease. the digestive tract includes diverse habitats and hosts the human body's greatest bacterial density. we describe the bacterial community composition of ten digestive tract sites from more than 200 normal adults enrolled in the human microbiome project, and metagenomically determined metabolic potentials of four representative sites. | 2012 | 22698087 |
| concurrent assay for four bacterial species including alloiococcus otitidis in middle ear, nasopharynx and tonsils of children with otitis media with effusion: a preliminary report. | to detect the prevalences of alloiococcus otitidis, as well as haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella catarrhalis in children with chronic otitis media with effusion (ome) and to simultaneously investigate the colonization of these bacteria in the nasopharynx and palatine tonsils of these patients. | 2012 | 22737288 |
| pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and otitis media: an appraisal of the clinical trials. | streptococcus pneumoniae is the predominant otitis media pathogen and its prevention through effective vaccination could diminish childhood illness and antibiotic use. this paper reviews 5 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) trials that used otitis media as an endpoint: northern california kaiser permanente (nckp; vaccine, 7-valent pcv [pcv7]-crm); finnish otitis media (finom; vaccines, pcv7-crm or pcv7-ompc); native american trial (vaccine, pcv7-crm); pneumococcal otitis efficacy trial (poet; ... | 2012 | 22701486 |
| can urinary nitrite results be used to conduct antimicrobial option for urinary tract infection in children? | this study was performed to determine the relationship between urinary nitrite results and bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs in urinary tract infection of children. | 2012 | 23056892 |
| restoring functional status: a long-term case report of severe lung and ventilatory muscle pump dysfunction involving recurrent bacterial pneumonias. | prolonged mechanical ventilation contributes to immobility and deconditioning making efforts to safely discontinue ventilator support desirable. this case report documents how implementing physical therapy treatment interventions, based on the guide to physical therapist practice, can help to restore a person's functional status even after multiple years of mechanical ventilation dependency. | 2012 | 22833704 |
| simultaneous identification of 29 prevalent invasive pneumococcal serotypes or pairs of serotypes by hybridization-ligation pcr. | a hybridization-ligation pcr assay was developed for the simultaneous detection and identification of 21 pneumococcal serotypes and 8 pairs of serotypes in the same serogroup: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6a, 6b, 6c-6d, 7f-7a, 8, 9a-9v, 9n-9l, 11a, 14, 15b-15c, 16f, 17f, 18b-18c, 19a, 19f, 20, 21, 22a-22f, 23a, 23b, 23f, 28a-28f, 35b and 38. this novel assay was validated with 185 serotyped pneumococcal invasive clinical isolates and 57 culture-negative pleural fluids previously typed by real-time pcr. | 2012 | 22422847 |
| summary of ceftaroline activity against pathogens in the united states, 2010: report from the assessing worldwide antimicrobial resistance evaluation (aware) surveillance program. | the assessing worldwide antimicrobial resistance evaluation (aware) surveillance program is a sentinel resistance monitoring system designed to track the activity of ceftaroline and comparator agents. in the united states, a total of 8,434 isolates were collected during the 2010 surveillance program from 65 medical centers distributed across the nine census regions (5 to 10 medical centers per region). all organisms were isolated from documented infections, including 3,055 (36.2%) bloodstream in ... | 2012 | 22470115 |
| genome sequence of kingella kingae septic arthritis isolate pykk081. | kingella kingae is a human oral bacterium that can cause infections of the skeletal system in children. the bacterium is also a cardiovascular pathogen causing infective endocarditis in children and adults. we report herein the draft genome sequence of septic arthritis k. kingae strain pykk081. | 2012 | 22582375 |
| comparative analysis of the humoral immune response to moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae surface antigens in children suffering from recurrent acute otitis media and chronic otitis media with effusion. | a prospective clinical cohort study was established to investigate the humoral immune response in middle ear fluids (mef) and serum against bacterial surface proteins in children suffering from recurrent acute otitis media (raom) and chronic otitis media with effusion (come), using luminex xmap technology. the association between the humoral immune response and the presence of moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx and middle ear was also studied. the levels of ant ... | 2012 | 22539468 |
| when co-colonizing the nasopharynx haemophilus influenzae predominates over streptococcus pneumoniae except serotype 19a strains to cause acute otitis media. | of 368 acute otitis media (aom) cases among 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate-vaccinated children, 43.5% were colonized by multiple otopathogens in the nasopharynx but only 7.1% experienced polymicrobial aom. when co-colonization occurred, haemophilus influenzae predominated over all streptococcus pneumoniae strains except 19a strains to cause aom. haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae both predominated over moraxella catarrhalis to cause aom. | 2012 | 22301480 |
| bacterial biofilms in the upper airway - evidence for role in pathology and implications for treatment of otitis media. | understanding the nature of the biofilm component in the pathogenesis of otitis media [om] will likely have a meaningful influence on the development of novel strategies to prevent and/or treat this highly prevalent pediatric disease. the design of vaccine candidates for om that currently focus on preventing colonization are predicated on the assumption that by reducing the burden of bacteria present in the pediatric nasopharynx, one could reduce or eliminate the likelihood of retrograde ascensi ... | 2012 | 22726871 |
| bacterial rna mediates activation of caspase-1 and il-1β release independently of tlrs 3, 7, 9 and trif but is dependent on unc93b. | recognition of foreign nucleic acids is important for the induction of an innate immune response against invading pathogens. although the pathways involved in sensing bacterial dna and viral rna are now well established, only limited knowledge is available on mechanisms underlying recognition of bacterial rna. it has been reported that intracellular delivery of escherichia coli rna activates the nlrp3 inflammasome, but whether this is a general property of bacterial rna remains unclear as are th ... | 2012 | 22634614 |
| microbiological study of patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae-copd) and the usefulness of analytical and clinical parameters in its identification (virae study). | respiratory infection is the most common cause for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae-copd). the aim of this work was to study the etiology of the respiratory infection in order to assess the usefulness of the clinical and analytical parameters used for copd identification. | 2012 | 22745532 |
| the antibiotic cj-15,801 is an antimetabolite that hijacks and then inhibits coa biosynthesis. | the natural product cj-15,801 is an inhibitor of staphylococcus aureus, but not other bacteria. its close structural resemblance to pantothenic acid, the vitamin precursor of coenzyme a (coa), and its michael acceptor moiety suggest that it irreversibly inhibits an enzyme involved in coa biosynthesis or utilization. however, its mode of action and the basis for its specificity have not been elucidated to date. we demonstrate that cj-15,801 is transformed by the uniquely selective s. aureus panto ... | 2012 | 22633408 |
| moraxella catarrhalis activates murine macrophages through multiple toll like receptors and has reduced clearance in lungs from tlr4 mutant mice. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram negative bacterium and a leading causative agent of otitis media (om) in children. several recent reports have provided strong evidence for an association between toll like receptors and om. it has been found that both streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae activate host protective immune responses through toll like receptors (tlrs), however, the precise mechanism by which moraxella catarrhalis initiates the host immune response is current ... | 2012 | 22662179 |
| role of c-jun n-terminal protein kinase 1/2 (jnk1/2) in macrophage-mediated mmp-9 production in response to moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide (los). | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram negative bacterium and a leading causative agent of otitis media (om) in children. recent reports have provided strong evidence for the presence of high levels of matrix metalloproteinase (mmps) in effusion fluids from children suffering with om, however, the precise mechanisms by which mmps are generated are currently unknown. we hypothesized that mmps are secreted from macrophages in the presence of m. catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide (los). in this report, we de ... | 2012 | 22655080 |
| update on the clinical utility and optimal use of cefditoren. | this article reviews and updates published data on cefditoren. the in vitro activity of cefditoren and its potential pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic adequacy to cover emerging resistance phenotypes in the present decade is reviewed. cefditoren's in vitro activity against most prevalent bacterial respiratory pathogens in the community and its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile suggests a significant role for cefditoren in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. clinical trials (in acu ... | 2012 | 22675264 |
| modulation of bacterial pathogenesis by oppressive aging factors: insights into host-pneumococcal interaction strategies. | streptococcus pneumonia, (spn, the pneumococcus), is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and is responsible for 15-40% deaths in the elderly worldwide. a primed inflammatory status is a significant risk factor for the increased severity of infectious diseases among the elderly (≥65 years of age). studies have shown that expression of host receptors that the pneumococci bind to invade the tissues are increased thereby increasing the susceptibility to pneumococcal challenge in ... | 2012 | 24049644 |
| il1rl1 gene variants and nasopharyngeal il1rl-a levels are associated with severe rsv bronchiolitis: a multicenter cohort study. | targets for intervention are required for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, a common disease during infancy for which no effective treatment exists. clinical and genetic studies indicate that il1rl1 plays an important role in the development and exacerbations of asthma. human il1rl1 encodes three isoforms, including soluble il1rl1-a, that can influence il33 signalling by modifying inflammatory responses to epithelial damage. we hypothesized that il1rl1 gene variants and soluble il ... | 2012 | 22574108 |
| dps promotes survival of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in biofilm communities in vitro and resistance to clearance in vivo. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a common airway commensal and opportunistic pathogen that persists within surface-attached biofilm communities. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that bacterial stress-responses are activated within biofilms. transcripts for several factors associated with bacterial resistance to environmental stress were increased in biofilm cultures as compared to planktonic cultures. among these, a homolog of the dna-binding protein from starved cells (dps) w ... | 2012 | 22919649 |
| innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against moraxella catarrhalis and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | considerable evidence supports the concept of active communication between the nervous and immune systems. one class of such communicators are the neuropeptides (nps). recent reports have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides, placing them among the integral components of innate immune defense. this study examined the action of four human neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), neuropeptide y (npy), substance p (sp) and somatostatin (som), which are accessible in ... | 2012 | 22551165 |
| altered regulation of toll-like receptor responses impairs antibacterial immunity in the allergic lung. | the lung is colonized by commensal bacteria, some of which are associated with asthma exacerbations. using the intranasal house-dust mite-sensitized mouse model of allergic airway disease, we show an imbalance in novel antibacterial pathways that culminates in a reduction in neutrophil recruitment to the airspaces and leads to bacterial invasion and dissemination. the expression of trem (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells)-1 that amplifies toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling and trem- ... | 2012 | 22549744 |
| regulation of bacterial trafficking in the nasopharynx. | bacterial 'colonisation' of the nasopharynx by potential bacterial pathogens is frequent in early childhood and is frequent as part of a dynamic process in which the microbiota of the oral and nasopharynx are established. new understanding recognizes this process is evolving and that competition and likely regulation occurs among potential pathogens as well as between pathogens and commensals. such events elicit host responses that either results in clearance or persistence within the nasal and ... | 2012 | 22726870 |
| experimental therapeutics of nrf2 as a target for prevention of bacterial exacerbations in copd. | a growing body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a central role in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). chronic oxidative stress caused by cigarette smoke generates damage-associated molecular patterns (damps), such as oxidatively or nitrosatively modified proteins and extracellular matrix fragments, which induce abnormal airway inflammation by activating innate and adaptive immune responses. furthermore, oxidative stress-induced histone deacetylase 2 ... | 2012 | 22550241 |
| microbiological aetiology, epidemiology, and clinical profile of prosthetic joint infections: are current antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines effective? | prosthetic joint infections remain a major complication of arthroplasty. at present, local and international guidelines recommend cefazolin as a surgical antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of arthroplasty. this retrospective cohort study conducted across 10 hospitals over a 3-year period (january 2006 to december 2008) investigated the epidemiology and microbiological etiology of prosthetic joint infections. there were 163 cases of prosthetic joint infection identified. from a review of the micr ... | 2012 | 22314530 |
| microbiological analysis of a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial comparing moxifloxacin and clindamycin in the treatment of odontogenic infiltrates and abscesses. | the objective of this study was to identify the oral pathogens found in odontogenic infections, to determine their susceptibilities to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (amc), clindamycin (cli), doxycycline (dox), levofloxacin (lvx), moxifloxacin (mxf), and penicillin (pen), and to search for associations between specific pathogens and types of infection. swabs from patients enrolled in a randomized, double-blind phase ii trial comparing mxf with cli for the treatment of odontogenic abscesses or infla ... | 2012 | 22354306 |
| the role of allergy in severe asthma. | the classification of asthma to identify forms which have different contributing causes is useful for all cases in which the disease requires regular treatment, but it is essential for the management of severe asthma. many forms of the disease can occur, and complex mixtures are not uncommon; here we artificially separated the cases into four groups: (i) inhalant allergy, (ii) fungal sensitization with or without colonization (including abpa); (iii) severe sinusitis with or without aspirin-exace ... | 2012 | 22515388 |
| otitis media in a new mouse model for charge syndrome with a deletion in the chd7 gene. | otitis media is a middle ear disease common in children under three years old. otitis media can occur in normal individuals with no other symptoms or syndromes, but it is often seen in individuals clinically diagnosed with genetic diseases such as charge syndrome, a complex genetic disease caused by mutation in the chd7 gene and characterized by multiple birth defects. although otitis media is common in human charge syndrome patients, it has not been reported in mouse models of charge syndrome. ... | 2012 | 22539951 |
| the prevalence and identity of chlamydia-specific ige in children with asthma and other chronic respiratory symptoms. | recent studies have confirmed the presence of viable chlamydia in the bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid of pediatric patients with airway hyperresponsiveness. while specific igg and igm responses to c. pneumoniae are well described, the response and potential contribution of ag-specific ige are not known. the current study sought to determine if infection with chlamydia triggers the production of pathogen-specific ige in children with chronic respiratory diseases which might contribute to infla ... | 2012 | 22512977 |
| bacteria in sputum of stable severe asthma and increased airway wall thickness. | patients with chronic asthma have thicker intrapulmonary airways measured on high resolution computed tomography (hrct). we determined whether the presence of lower airway bacteria was associated with increased airway wall thickness. | 2012 | 22513083 |
| chronic lung disease in adolescents with delayed diagnosis of vertically acquired hiv infection. | long-term survivors of vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection are reaching adolescence in large numbers in africa and are at high risk of delayed diagnosis and chronic complications of untreated hiv infection. chronic respiratory symptoms are more common than would be anticipated based on the hiv literature. | 2012 | 22474177 |
| cough: neurophysiology, methods of research, pharmacological therapy and phonoaudiology. | the cough is the more common respiratory symptom in children and adults. | 2012 | 25991944 |
| presence of viral nucleic acids in the middle ear: acute otitis media pathogen or bystander? | viruses play an important role in acute otitis media (aom) pathogenesis, and live viruses may cause aom in the absence of pathogenic bacteria. detection of aom pathogens generally relies on bacterial culture of middle ear fluid. when viral culture is used and live viruses are detected in the middle ear fluid of children with aom, the viruses are generally accepted as aom pathogens. because viral culture is not sensitive and does not detect the comprehensive spectrum of respiratory viruses, polym ... | 2012 | 22173136 |
| mutational analyses reveal overall topology and functional regions of nilb, a bacterial outer membrane protein required for host association in a model of animal-microbe mutualism. | the gammaproteobacterium xenorhabdus nematophila is a mutualistic symbiont that colonizes the intestine of the nematode steinernema carpocapsae. nilb (nematode intestine localization) is essential for x. nematophila colonization of nematodes and is predicted to encode an integral outer membrane beta-barrel protein, but evidence supporting this prediction has not been reported. the function of nilb is not known, but when expressed with two other factors encoded by nila and nilc, it confers upon n ... | 2012 | 22287518 |
| global transcriptional control by nsrr in bacillus subtilis. | the no-sensitive nsrr repressor of bacillus subtilis, which carries a [4fe-4s] cluster, controls transcription of nasd and hmp (class i regulation) under anaerobic conditions. here, we describe another class of nsrr regulation (class ii regulation) that controls a more diverse collection of genes. base substitution analysis showed that [4fe-4s]-nsrr recognizes a partial dyad symmetry within the class i cis-acting sites, whereas no-insensitive interaction of nsrr with an a+t-rich class ii regulat ... | 2012 | 22287527 |
| aspergillus arthritis and organ transplantation. | we report a case of a kidney and pancreas transplanted patient, hospitalized for septic hip arthritis. the whole diagnostic work-up including synovial and bone biopsies remained negative. after inefficient empirical anti-bacterial antibiotic treatment, femoral head resection was performed and tissue analysis revealed aspergillus fumigatus hyphae. treatment with voriconazole along with hip replacement led to complete recovery. however, drug interaction between immunosuppressive and anti-fungal dr ... | 2012 | 26069774 |
| molecular surveillance of true nontypeable haemophilus influenzae: an evaluation of pcr screening assays. | unambiguous identification of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is not possible by conventional microbiology. molecular characterisation of phenotypically defined nthi isolates suggests that up to 40% are haemophilus haemolyticus (hh); however, the genetic similarity of nthi and hh limits the power of simple molecular techniques such as pcr for species discrimination. | 2012 | 22470516 |
| improved detection of bifidobacteria with optimised 16s rrna-gene based pyrosequencing. | the 16s rrna gene is conserved across all bacteria and as such is routinely targeted in pcr surveys of bacterial diversity. pcr primer design aims to amplify as many different 16s rrna gene sequences from as wide a range of organisms as possible, though there are no suitable 100% conserved regions of the gene, leading to bias. in the gastrointestinal tract, bifidobacteria are a key genus, but are often under-represented in 16s rrna surveys of diversity. we have designed modified, 'bifidobacteria ... | 2012 | 22470420 |
| critical appraisal of ceftaroline in the management of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and skin infections. | ceftaroline is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin β-lactam antibiotic with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) as well as multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae among other routine gram positive and gram negative organisms. it has been approved by the us food and drug administration for treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssis). ceftaroline is approved for treatment of absssi due to ... | 2012 | 22547933 |
| a questionnaire-based survey of indian ent surgeons to estimate clinic prevalence of acute otitis media, diagnostic practices, and management strategies. | acute otitis media (aom) is common in indian children, but there is limited published information on its clinic prevalence, clinicians' diagnostic practices, and their management strategies. we approached 649 ear-nose-throat (ent) surgeons to assess these aspects of aom. we conducted the survey between may 2010 and february 2011 with the same set of ent surgeons practising across india, once each during summer, monsoon and winter, using a validated 36-item questionnaire to record their reflectiv ... | 2012 | 24427717 |
| a questionnaire-based survey of indian ent surgeons to estimate clinic prevalence of acute otitis media, diagnostic practices, and management strategies. | acute otitis media (aom) is common in indian children, but there is limited published information on its clinic prevalence, clinicians' diagnostic practices, and their management strategies. we approached 649 ear-nose-throat (ent) surgeons to assess these aspects of aom. we conducted the survey between may 2010 and february 2011 with the same set of ent surgeons practising across india, once each during summer, monsoon and winter, using a validated 36-item questionnaire to record their reflectiv ... | 2012 | 24427717 |
| rate of isolation and trends of antimicrobial resistance of multidrug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa from otorrhea in chronic suppurative otitis media. | to assess the rate of isolation of pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) and multidrug-resistant pa (mdr-pa) from patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (csom) otorrhea and the annual trend of antibiotic-resistance. | 2012 | 22468197 |
| automated counting of bacterial colony forming units on agar plates. | manual counting of bacterial colony forming units (cfus) on agar plates is laborious and error-prone. we therefore implemented a colony counting system with a novel segmentation algorithm to discriminate bacterial colonies from blood and other agar plates.a colony counter hardware was designed and a novel segmentation algorithm was written in matlab. in brief, pre-processing with top-hat-filtering to obtain a uniform background was followed by the segmentation step, during which the colony image ... | 2012 | 22448267 |
| evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic odk-0901 test for detection of pneumococcal antigen in middle ear fluids and nasopharyngeal secretions. | since the incidence of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae has been increasing at an astonishing rate throughout the world, the need for accurate and rapid identification of pneumococci has become increasingly important to determine the appropriate antimicrobial treatment. we have evaluated an immunochromatographic test (odk-0901) that detects pneumococcal antigens using 264 middle ear fluids (mefs) and 268 nasopharyngeal secretions (npss). a sample was defined to contain s. pneumoniae ... | 2012 | 22448257 |
| the adaptor molecule nck localizes the wave complex to promote actin polymerization during ceacam3-mediated phagocytosis of bacteria. | ceacam3 is a granulocyte receptor mediating the opsonin-independent recognition and phagocytosis of human-restricted ceacam-binding bacteria. ceacam3 function depends on an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (itam)-like sequence that is tyrosine phosphorylated by src family kinases upon receptor engagement. the phosphorylated itam-like sequence triggers gtp-loading of rac by directly associating with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (gef) vav. rac stimulation in t ... | 2012 | 22448228 |
| value of microbiology study in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. | evaluation of the effect of different microorganisms on congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (cnldo) tightness and whether probing or silastic intubation is likely to fail in a particular microorganism infection. | 2012 | 23960996 |
| nasopharyngeal flora in children with acute otitis media before and after implementation of 7 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in france. | several studies have investigated the impact of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) on pneumococcal (sp) and staphylococcal (sa) nasopharyngeal (np) carriage. few have investigated the impact on haemophilus influenzae (hi) and moraxella catarrhalis (mc) carriage. we aimed to compare the np carriage rates in young children with acute otitis media (aom) before and after pcv7 implementation in france. | 2012 | 22397629 |
| bacteriology of deep carious lesions underneath amalgam restorations with different pulp-capping materials--an in vivo analysis. | microorganisms remaining in dentin following cavity preparation may induce pulp damage, requiring the use of pulp-capping agents with antimicrobial activity underneath permanent restorations. | 2012 | 22666827 |
| hiv infections in otolaryngology. | hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) infection may produce no clinical symptoms for 10 years on average. however, after many years of infection most people develop symptoms that indicate progression of the disease. there are no regular characteristic symptoms or early stage, and no logical sequence of aids indicator disorders has been observed. people who are not aware of the infection are referred to physicians of various specializations, including otolaryngologists. it is on their knowledge abou ... | 2012 | 22367140 |
| the randomized comparative pediatric critical illness stress-induced immune suppression (crisis) prevention trial. | nosocomial infection/sepsis occurs in up to 40% of children requiring long-term intensive care. zinc, selenium, glutamine, metoclopramide (a prolactin secretalogue), and/or whey protein supplementation have been effective in reducing infection and sepsis in other populations. we evaluated whether daily nutriceutical supplementation with zinc, selenium, glutamine, and metoclopramide, compared to whey protein, would reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infection/sepsis in this at-risk population. | 2012 | 22079954 |
| human l-ficolin (ficolin-2) and its clinical significance. | human l-ficolin (p35, ficolin-2) is synthesised in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream where it is one of the major pattern recognition molecules of plasma/serum. like other ficolins, it consists of a collagen-like tail region linked to a fibrinogen-related globular head; a basic triplet subunit arises via a collagen-like triple helix, and this then forms higher multimers (typically a 12-mer, mr 400k). unlike other ficolins, it has a complex set of binding sites arranged within an intern ... | 2012 | 22500076 |
| utility of serum procalcitonin values in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cautionary note. | serum procalcitonin levels have been used as a biomarker of invasive bacterial infection and recently have been advocated to guide antibiotic therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). however, rigorous studies correlating procalcitonin levels with microbiologic data are lacking. acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd) have been linked to viral and bacterial infection as well as noninfectious causes. therefore, we evaluated procalcitonin as a predictor of viral versus ba ... | 2012 | 22399852 |
| divergent pro-inflammatory profile of human dendritic cells in response to commensal and pathogenic bacteria associated with the airway microbiota. | recent studies using culture-independent methods have characterized the human airway microbiota and report microbial communities distinct from other body sites. changes in these airway bacterial communities appear to be associated with inflammatory lung disease, yet the pro-inflammatory properties of individual bacterial species are unknown. in this study, we compared the immune stimulatory capacity on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dcs) of selected airway commensal and pathogenic bacte ... | 2012 | 22363778 |
| bacterial conjunctivitis. | most cases of conjunctivitis in adults are probably due to viral infection, but children are more likely to develop bacterial conjunctivitis than they are viral forms. the main bacterial pathogens are haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae in adults and children, and moraxella catarrhalis in children. contact lens wearers may be more likely to develop gram-negative infections. bacterial keratitis occurs in up to 30 per 100,000 contact lens wearers. | 2012 | 22348418 |
| interleukin 6, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and interleukin 10 in the prediction of risk and etiologic patterns in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: results from the german competence network capnetz. | the aim of our study was to investigate the predictive value of the biomarkers interleukin 6 (il-6), interleukin 10 (il-10) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (lbp) compared with clinical crb and crb-65 severity scores in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). | 2012 | 22348735 |
| antioxidant pharmacological therapies for copd. | increased oxidative stress occurs in the lungs and systemically in copd, which plays a role in many of the pathogenic mechanisms in copd. hence, targeting local lung and systemic oxidative stress with agents that modulate the antioxidants/redox system or boost endogenous antioxidants would be a useful therapeutic approach in copd. thiol antioxidants (n-acetyl-l-cysteine [nac] and n-acystelyn, carbocysteine, erdosteine, and fudosteine) have been used to increase lung thiol content. modulation of ... | 2012 | 22349417 |
| development of 4h-pyridopyrimidines: a class of selective bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors. | we have identified a series of compounds that inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria. initial ic50's in aminoacylation/translation (a/t) assays ranged from 3 to14 μm. this series of compounds are variations on a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ol scaffold (e.g., 4h-pyridopyrimidine). | 2012 | 22373064 |
| non-capsulated and capsulated haemophilus influenzae in children with acute otitis media in venezuela: a prospective epidemiological study. | non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and streptococcus pneumoniae are major causes of bacterial acute otitis media (aom). data regarding aom are limited in latin america. this is the first active surveillance in a private setting in venezuela to characterize the bacterial etiology of aom in children < 5 years of age. | 2012 | 22335965 |
| exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | epidemiologic data indicate that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. patients with poorly managed copd are likely to experience exacerbations that require emergency department visits or hospitalization-two important drivers contributing to escalating healthcare resource use and costs associated with the disease. exacerbations also contribute to worsening lung function and negative outcomes in copd. the aim of this review is to present the p ... | 2012 | 22393337 |
| defining the "core microbiome" of the microbial communities in the tonsils of healthy pigs. | porcine tonsils are the colonization site for many pathogenic as well as commensal microorganisms and are the primary lymphoid tissue encountered by organisms entering through the mouth or nares. the goal of this study was to provide an in-depth characterization of the composition and structure of the tonsillar microbial communities and to define the core microbiome in the tonsils of healthy pigs, using high throughput bar-coded 454-flx pyrosequencing. | 2012 | 22313693 |
| synergistic and feedback signaling mechanisms in the regulation of inflammation in respiratory infections. | pneumonia, the most typical and frequent lower respiratory tract infection (lrti), is a leading cause of health problems in the united states. bacteria represent the most prevailing cause of pneumonia in both children and adults. although pneumonia with a single bacterial infection is common, a significant portion of patients with pneumonia is polymicrobial. this infection is often complexed with other physiological factors such as cytokines and growth factors. nontypeable haemophilus influenzae ... | 2012 | 22307042 |
| clinical evaluation of the role of ceftaroline in the management of community acquired bacterial pneumonia. | ceftaroline fosamil (ceftaroline) was recently approved for the treatment of community- acquired pneumonia (cap) and complicated skin infections. this newly developed cephalosporin possesses a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. most importantly, ceftaroline demonstrates potent in vitro antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus. in two phase iii, double-blinded, ... | 2012 | 22355258 |
| a bacterial siren song: intimate interactions between neisseria and neutrophils. | neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis are gram-negative bacterial pathogens that are exquisitely adapted for growth at human mucosal surfaces and for efficient transmission between hosts. one factor that is essential to neisserial pathogenesis is the interaction between the bacteria and neutrophils, which are recruited in high numbers during infection. although this vigorous host response could simply reflect effective immune recognition of the bacteria, there is mounting evidence tha ... | 2012 | 22290508 |
| infection, eosinophilia and childhood asthma. | there is a growing list of viruses and bacteria associated with wheezing illness and asthma. it is well known that a few of these pathogens are strongly associated with wheezing illness and asthma exacerbations. what is not known is if early childhood infections with these pathogens cause asthma, and, if so, exactly what are the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind its development. the current consensus is respiratory infection works together with allergy to produce the immune and physiologic cond ... | 2012 | 22348202 |
| conjunctival sac bacterial flora isolated prior to cataract surgery. | to determine the trends of conjunctival sac bacterial flora isolated from patients prior to cataract surgery. | 2012 | 22294861 |
| transcriptome signature in young children with acute otitis media due to streptococcus pneumoniae. | streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) is the predominant causative organism of acute otitis media in children. to better understand the genes that are regulated at the onset of aom caused by spn infection in the middle ear, the transcriptome profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from children prior to and during an aom event was evaluated by microarray. we found that 1903 (6.2%) of 29,187 genes were differentially regulated greater than 2-fold at the onset of aom compared to the pre-in ... | 2012 | 22306269 |
| bedside prediction rule for infections after pediatric cardiac surgery. | infections after pediatric cardiac surgery are a common complication, occurring in up to 30% of cases. the purpose of this study was to develop a bedside prediction rule to estimate the risk of a postoperative infection. | 2012 | 22258564 |
| ceftaroline in complicated skin and skin-structure infections. | ceftaroline is an advanced-generation cephalosporin antibiotic recently approved by the us food and drug administration for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections (csssis). this intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotic exerts potent bactericidal activity by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. a high affinity for the penicillin-binding protein 2a (pbp2a) of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) makes the drug especially beneficial to patients with mrsa css ... | 2012 | 22294860 |
| the upec pore-forming toxin α-hemolysin triggers proteolysis of host proteins to disrupt cell adhesion, inflammatory, and survival pathways. | uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec), which are the leading cause of both acute and chronic urinary tract infections, often secrete a labile pore-forming toxin known as α-hemolysin (hlya). we show that stable insertion of hlya into epithelial cell and macrophage membranes triggers degradation of the cytoskeletal scaffolding protein paxillin and other host regulatory proteins, as well as components of the proinflammatory nfκb signaling cascade. proteolysis of these factors requires host serine p ... | 2012 | 22264513 |
| gargling for oral hygiene and the development of fever in childhood: a population study in japan. | fever is one of the most common symptoms among children and is usually caused by respiratory infections. although japanese health authorities have long recommended gargling to prevent respiratory infections, its effectiveness among children is not clear. | 2012 | 22123226 |
| managing wheeze in preschool children: how difficult can it be? | wheeze is a common symptom in infants and preschool children. up to 30% of children wheeze at least once before the age of 3 years and 2% of those have it severe enough to warrant hospital admission. not only parents but also physicians have difficulty in recognizing wheeze. wrong diagnosis of the underlying condition leads to inappropriate and unnecessary management and patient morbidity. asthma is the commonest underlying condition in children with wheeze, but the differential diagnosis is qui ... | 2012 | 27493341 |
| functional heterogeneity in the basophil cell lineage. | cd4(+) t-helper type 2 (th2) cells, characterized by their expression of interleukin (il)-4, il-5, il-9, and il-13, are required for immunity to helminth parasites and promote the pathological inflammation associated with asthma and allergic diseases. recent reports from a number of laboratories have indicated that basophils can influence the induction and/or effector stages of th2 cytokine-mediated inflammation. however, the impact of basophils appears to depend on the anatomical location and n ... | 2012 | 22608258 |
| risk factors and outcomes for pandemic h1n1 influenza compared with seasonal influenza in hospitalized children in china. | to compare clinical features and outcomes of children hospitalized in china with pandemic (p)h1n1 between 2009 and 2010 versus seasonal influenza a between 2008 and 2009. | 2012 | 24294275 |
| selective decontamination of the digestive tract: an update of the evidence. | selective decontamination of the digestive tract has been proven to prevent severe infections and to reduce mortality in critically ill patients. historical arguments against its use, like the development of bacterial resistance and the absence of influence on mortality, have not been confirmed. recent clinical trials designed to evaluate these variables and meta-analyses showed remarkable reductions in the incidence of resistant bacteria and a significant beneficial effect on survival. this rev ... | 2012 | 23440328 |
| childhood microbial keratitis. | to evaluate risk factors for pediatric microbial keratitis and to describe the clinical picture, microbial spectrum, treatment modalities, posttreatment sequelae, and visual outcome in cases with pediatric microbial keratitis. | 2012 | 22557873 |
| pneumonia as the most common lower respiratory tract infection. | pneumonia is the most serious inflammatory disease of the respiratory system and also the most common infectious disease. even now, in the 21(st) century, pneumonia occupies a prominent place in clinical medicine and public health. we are confronted daily with the increased number of patients, as well as the constant increase in annual mortality due to this infectious disease. | 2013 | 25568518 |
| nasopharyngeal proteobacteria are associated with viral etiology and acute wheezing in children with severe bronchiolitis. | | 2013 | 24365140 |
| nasopharyngeal proteobacteria are associated with viral etiology and acute wheezing in children with severe bronchiolitis. | | 2013 | 24365140 |
| predicting response to antimicrobial therapy in children with acute sinusitis. | to determine prognostic factors that independently predict response to antimicrobial therapy in children with acute sinusitis. | 2013 | 24367985 |
| predicting response to antimicrobial therapy in children with acute sinusitis. | to determine prognostic factors that independently predict response to antimicrobial therapy in children with acute sinusitis. | 2013 | 24367985 |
| co-colonization by haemophilus influenzae with streptococcus pneumoniae enhances pneumococcal-specific antibody response in young children. | streptococcus pneumoniae (spn), haemophilus influenzae (hi) and moraxella catarrhalis (mcat) are common bacterial pathogens of respiratory infections and common commensal microbes in the human nasopharynx (np). the effect of interactions among theses bacteria during co-colonization of the np on the host immune response has not been evaluated. the objective of this study was to assess the impact of co-colonization by hi or mcat on the systemic antibody response to vaccine protein candidate antige ... | 2013 | 24355091 |
| co-colonization by haemophilus influenzae with streptococcus pneumoniae enhances pneumococcal-specific antibody response in young children. | streptococcus pneumoniae (spn), haemophilus influenzae (hi) and moraxella catarrhalis (mcat) are common bacterial pathogens of respiratory infections and common commensal microbes in the human nasopharynx (np). the effect of interactions among theses bacteria during co-colonization of the np on the host immune response has not been evaluated. the objective of this study was to assess the impact of co-colonization by hi or mcat on the systemic antibody response to vaccine protein candidate antige ... | 2013 | 24355091 |
| management of patients with risk factors. | this review addresses concomitant diseases and risk factors in patients treated for diseases of the ears, nose and throat in outpatient and hospital services. besides heart disease, lung disease, liver disease and kidney disease, this article also covers disorders of coagulation (including therapy with new oral anticoagulants) and electrolyte imbalance. special attention is paid to the prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of perioperative delirium. it is also intended to help optimise the prepar ... | 2013 | 24403970 |
| mechanical ventilation drives inflammation in severe viral bronchiolitis. | respiratory insufficiency due to severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most frequent cause of paediatric intensive care unit admission in infants during the winter season. previous studies have shown increased levels of inflammatory mediators in airways of mechanically ventilated children compared to spontaneous breathing children with viral bronchiolitis. in this prospective observational multi-center study we aimed to investigate whether this increase was related to disease ... | 2013 | 24349427 |
| high nasopharyngeal carriage of non-vaccine serotypes in western australian aboriginal people following 10 years of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination. | invasive pneumococcal disease (ipd) continues to occur at high rates among australian aboriginal people. the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vpcv) was given in a 2-4-6-month schedule from 2001, with a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vppv) booster at 18 months, and replaced with 13vpcv in july 2011. since carriage surveillance can supplement ipd surveillance, we have monitored pneumococcal carriage in western australia (wa) since 2008 to assess the impact of the 10- ... | 2013 | 24349245 |
| aetiology of pulmonary symptoms in hiv-infected smear negative recurrent ptb suspects in kampala, uganda: a cross-sectional study. | previously treated tb patients with pulmonary symptoms are often considered recurrent tb suspects in the resource-limited settings, where investigations are limited to microscopy and chest x-ray. category ii anti-tb drugs may be inappropriate and may expose patients to pill burden, drug toxicities and drug-drug interactions. | 2013 | 24312650 |
| septic arthritis due to moraxella osloensis in a rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta). | a 5.5-y-old chinese-origin female rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) presented for bilateral hindlimb lameness. the primate had been group-reared in an spf breeding colony and was seronegative for macacine herpesvirus 1, siv, simian retrovirus type d, and simian t-lymphotropic virus. the macaque's previous medical history included multiple occasions of swelling in the left tarsus, and trauma to the right arm and bilateral hands. in addition, the macaque had experienced osteomyelitis of the left dis ... | 2013 | 24326229 |
| canadian guidelines for chronic rhinosinusitis: clinical summary. | to provide a clinical summary of the canadian clinical practice guidelines for chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) that includes recommendations relevant for family physicians. | 2013 | 24336538 |
| decreased expression of tlr-9 and cytokines in the presence of bacteria in patients with otitis media with effusion. | toll-like receptor (tlr)-9 recognizes unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (cpg) motifs in bacteria. therefore, the expression of tlr-9 may differ according to the results of bacterial culture, and thus a change in proinflammatory cytokine induction can also be expected. the authors aimed to assess the differences and relationships between the expression of tlr-9, cytokines, and nitric oxide synthase (nos) in otitis media with effusion (ome) based on bacterial culture results. | 2013 | 24353857 |
| herbal medicines for the treatment of acute otitis media: protocol for a systematic review. | the aim of this systematic review is to analyse the trial data on the efficacy of herbal medicines for acute otitis media. | 2013 | 24293205 |
| a comparison of microbiology and demographics among patients with healthcare-associated, hospital-acquired, and ventilator-associated pneumonia: a retrospective analysis of 1184 patients from a large, international study. | acceptance of healthcare-associated pneumonia (hcap) as an entity and the associated risk of infection by potentially multidrug-resistant (mdr) organisms such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), pseudomonas and acinetobacter have been debated. we therefore compared patients with hcap, hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) enrolled in a trial comparing linezolid with vancomycin for treatment of pneumonia. | 2013 | 24279701 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae inhibits autolysis and fratricide of streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro. | streptococcus pneumoniae (sp) and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are common commensals of the human airway and major bacterial pathogens of otitis media (om) and other upper airway infections. the interaction between them may play an important role in the pathogenesis of polymicrobial infections. although previous studies suggested nthi could promote pneumococcal survival and biofilm formation, how nthi affects pneumococcal activities has not been defined. our data in the present stud ... | 2013 | 24269704 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae inhibits autolysis and fratricide of streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro. | streptococcus pneumoniae (sp) and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are common commensals of the human airway and major bacterial pathogens of otitis media (om) and other upper airway infections. the interaction between them may play an important role in the pathogenesis of polymicrobial infections. although previous studies suggested nthi could promote pneumococcal survival and biofilm formation, how nthi affects pneumococcal activities has not been defined. our data in the present stud ... | 2013 | 24269704 |
| infections and their role in childhood asthma inception. | the association of early-onset wheezing with common viral and bacterial infections has raised significant interest in the role of infections in childhood asthma inception. this article serves to review these relationships among infections, host factors, and asthma inception in childhood. | 2013 | 24236893 |
| infections and their role in childhood asthma inception. | the association of early-onset wheezing with common viral and bacterial infections has raised significant interest in the role of infections in childhood asthma inception. this article serves to review these relationships among infections, host factors, and asthma inception in childhood. | 2013 | 24236893 |