| characteristics and outcome of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients with leukemia. | little is known about respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in patients with leukemia. the aim of this study was to determine the characteristics, and the outcome of rsv infection with or without therapy with aerosolized ribavirin in leukemia patients. | 2007 | 17666367 |
| preventing respiratory syncytial virus in homebound premature infants. | this article explores the home health nurse's role in preventing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) among premature infants. thousands of children infected with rsv require hospitalization each year. consistent contact with the infant alerts the nurse to subtle signs and symptoms of rsv infection, which may include nasal congestion, cough, low-grade fever, and malaise. by developing patient and caregiver trust, the home health nurse can implement an rsv prevention plan, leading to a decrease in h ... | 2007 | 17667001 |
| neurotrophins and tonsillar hypertrophy in children with obstructive sleep apnea. | enlarged adenotonsillar tissue (at) is a major determinant of obstructive sleep apnea (osa) severity in children; however, mechanisms of at proliferation are poorly understood. we hypothesized that early exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) may modify at proliferation through up-regulation of nerve growth factor (ngf)-neurokinin 1 (nk1) receptor dependent pathways. at harvested from 34 children with osa and 25 children with recurrent tonsillitis (ri) were examined for mrna expression of ... | 2007 | 17667845 |
| serine/arginine-rich proteins contribute to negative regulator of splicing element-stimulated polyadenylation in rous sarcoma virus. | rous sarcoma virus (rsv) requires large amounts of unspliced rna for replication. splicing and polyadenylation are coupled in the cells they infect, which raises the question of how viral rna is efficiently polyadenylated in the absence of splicing. optimal rsv polyadenylation requires a far-upstream splicing control element, the negative regulator of splicing (nrs), that binds sr proteins and u1/u11 snrnps and functions as a pseudo-5' splice site that interacts with and sequesters 3' splice sit ... | 2007 | 17670832 |
| immunomodulatory constituents of human milk change in response to infant bronchiolitis. | although epidemiological evidence is generally supportive of a causal association between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis during infancy and the development of persistent wheeze/asthma, if not allergy, the mechanism by which this occurs and an explanation for why all children do not succumb remains to be elucidated. breast feeding has been found to confer a protective effect against respiratory infections such as rsv bronchiolitis and allergy; however, again there is little direc ... | 2007 | 17680907 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced pulmonary disease and exacerbation of allergic asthma. | several respiratory viruses have been shown to cause exacerbations of asthma. while the various viral responses likely have common mechanisms of activation, the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) appears to promote specific responses that on their own can cause severe pulmonary problems. understanding the mechanisms that promote inappropriate immune responses and local damage may lead to better therapy. the activation and recruitment of t cells that amplify and skew the immune response toward mor ... | 2007 | 17684333 |
| suppression of innate immune cytokines and interferon regulatory factor-1 by endogenous interferon-alpha in response to respiratory syncytial virus in neonate mononuclear cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are extremely common in early childhood but are most severe in infants in the first few months of life. unresponsive adaptive immunity and hyporesponsive innate immunity were previously found to be the typical responses of neonate mononuclear cells (mcs) to live rsv. investigating the mechanism of innate immune hyporesponsiveness in neonate mcs to live rsv revealed that in contrast to the previously reported low expression of interferon (ifn)-gamma, i ... | 2007 | 17691025 |
| [severe bronchiolitis. epidemiology and clinical course of 284 patients]. | bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospital admission and a frequent cause of pediatric intensive care unit (picu) admission among infants during the winter months. the objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics and clinical course of patients admitted to the picu for bronchiolitis. | 2007 | 17692256 |
| oral respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) dna vaccine expressing rsv f protein delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major viral pathogen of the lower respiratory tract of infants and young children worldwide. no effective prevention measure is available. attenuated salmonella strains expressing heterologous antigens can be delivered by the oral route, triggering efficient antigen-specific humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity. in this study, we orally administered attenuated salmonella strain sl7207, carrying the plasmid pcdna3.1/f expressing the rsv f gene, to b ... | 2007 | 17696764 |
| local immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection is diminished in senescence-accelerated mice. | the effect of ageing on the local defence system against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was investigated using an aged mouse model of the senescence-accelerated mouse (sam) strain p1. following intranasal infection with rsv, sam-p1 mice showed a marked loss in weight, with elevated virus growth in the lungs and prolonged virus shedding. the increased susceptibility to rsv infection was associated mainly with diminished cellular immunity by local virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte ... | 2007 | 17698666 |
| genetic susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is predominantly associated with innate immune genes. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants. only a proportion of children infected with rsv require hospitalization. because known risk factors for severe disease, such as premature birth, cannot fully explain differences in disease severity, genetic factors have been implicated. | 2007 | 17703412 |
| respiratory syncytial virus protects against the subsequent development of japanese cedar pollen-induced allergic responses. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for the development of allergy and asthma, but epidemiologic studies in humans still remain inconclusive. the association between rsv infection and allergic diseases may be dependent on atopic background and previous history of rsv infection. in this study, the influence of the timing of rsv infection on the development of japanese cedar pollen (jcp)-induced allergic responses was examined. balb/c mice were int ... | 2007 | 17705182 |
| the use of health economics to guide drug development decisions: determining optimal values for an rsv-vaccine in a model-based scenario-analytic approach. | health-economic modelling is useful for assessing the clinical requirements and impact of new vaccines. in this study, we estimate the impact of potential vaccination for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) of infants in the netherlands. a decision analysis model was employed using seasonal data from a cohort of children (1996-1997 through 1999-2000) to assess hospitalisation, costs and impact of vaccination. yearly, an estimated 3670 infants are hospitalised with rsv-infection in the netherlands, ... | 2007 | 17707959 |
| respiratory syncytial virus decreases p53 protein to prolong survival of airway epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a clinically important pathogen. it preferentially infects airway epithelial cells causing bronchiolitis in infants, exacerbations in patients with obstructive lung disease, and life-threatening pneumonia in the immunosuppressed. the p53 protein is a tumor suppressor protein that promotes apoptosis and is tightly regulated for optimal cell growth and survival. a critical negative regulator of p53 is murine double minute 2 (mdm2), an e3 ubiquitin ligase that t ... | 2007 | 17709487 |
| association of tlr4 polymorphisms with symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants and young children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. although anti-rsv ab prophylaxis has greatly reduced infant mortality in the united states, there is currently no vaccine or effective antiviral therapy. rsv fusion (f) protein activates cells through tlr4. two single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) encoding asp299gly and thr399ile substitutions in the tlr4 ectodomain were previously associated with tlr4 hyporesponsiveness and increased susceptibility to bacteria ... | 2007 | 17709532 |
| epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in northern taiwan, 2001-2005 -- seasonality, clinical characteristics, and disease burden. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important pathogen in children less than 2 years old. however, there is limited epidemiological data about rsv infection in taiwan. this study aimed to investigate the clinical, epidemiological, virological, and economical aspects of rsv infections in taiwan. | 2007 | 17712463 |
| influenza- and respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality and hospitalisations. | the aim of the current study was to estimate influenza- and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated mortality and hospitalisations, especially the influenza-associated burden among low-risk individuals < or =65 yrs old, not yet recommended for influenza vaccination in many european countries. retrospectively during 1997-2003, dutch national all-cause mortality and hospital discharge figures and virus surveillance data were used to estimate annual average influenza- and rsv-associated excess ... | 2007 | 17715167 |
| detection and quantitation of eosinophils in the murine respiratory tract by flow cytometry. | traditionally, the identification and quantification of eosinophils in inflammatory tissues and exudates has been primarily based upon morphologic criteria and manual counting. in this study, we describe a new flow cytometry-based assay to enumerate eosinophils present in murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (bal) and lung parenchyma obtained from the normal/non-inflamed respiratory tract, following experimentally-induced allergic pulmonary inflammation, and during experimental infection with res ... | 2007 | 17716680 |
| human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine research and development. | human (hrsv) and bovine (brsv) respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv) are two closely related viruses, which are the most important causative agents of respiratory tract infections of young children and calves, respectively. brsv vaccines have been available for nearly 2 decades. they probably have reduced the prevalence of rsv infection but their efficacy needs improvement. in contrast, despite decades of research, there is no currently licensed vaccine for the prevention of hrsv disease. developm ... | 2008 | 17720245 |
| [respiratory syncytial immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a serious pathogen causing significant morbidity, especially in premature infants and infants with chronic lung disease or significant congenital heart disease. there is no specific treatment for rsv infection and the therapy is essentially supportive. therefore, prophylaxis is the best strategy against rsv disease. passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies (palivizumab) provides protection against severe rsv infection and significantly reduces hospital ... | 2007 | 17725198 |
| palivizumab and the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus illness in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a significant pathogen for infants and children with congenital heart disease. non-sustained immunity and failure to develop an effective vaccine has steered rsv management toward a passive immunotherapy strategy in at-risk children. palivizumab is a humanized murine monoclonal antibody targeting the rsv envelope f glycoprotein. in a phase iii clinical trial palivizumab significantly reduced rsv hospitalization in children with significant congenital heart di ... | 2007 | 17727335 |
| [the relationship between rsv bronchiolitis and the development of asthma]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis during infancy and is associated with subsequent wheezing and asthma, but the nature of this association is not fully understood. in that sense, rsv bronchiolitis may serve as a marker, reflecting predisposition of the individual for virus-induced wheezing early in life and/ or asthma later in life. this review discusses existing data on rsv infection and respiratory complications later in life, as well as the link betwe ... | 2007 | 17760405 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae bind respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated with secondary bacterial infections caused by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and streptococcus pneumoniae. the pathogenesis of these complications is not completely understood; however, viral infection of respiratory epithelial cells promotes colonization by these bacteria. in the present study, rsv virions associated with nthi and pneumococci in an inoculum-dependent manner in a fluid-phase binding assay. adherence of nthi and ... | 2007 | 17761473 |
| diagnostic performance of a rapid antigen test for rsv in comparison with a 19-valent multiplex rt-pcr elisa in children with acute respiratory tract infections. | a rapid and reliable diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in childhood is very important for clinical management. in this study we compared a rapid antigen test (enzyme immunoassay, eia) for the detection of rsv with a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) [19-valent multiplex rt-pcr enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa)] to assess the diagnostic performance. furthermore the diagnostic value of the eia in terms of age and season relation was analyzed. a ... | 2008 | 17764017 |
| pneumonia case-finding in the respire guatemala indoor air pollution trial: standardizing methods for resource-poor settings. | trials of environmental risk factors and acute lower respiratory infections (alri) face a double challenge: implementing sufficiently sensitive and specific outcome assessments, and blinding. we evaluate methods used in the first randomized exposure study of pollution indoors and respiratory effects (respire): a controlled trial testing the impact of reduced indoor air pollution on alri, conducted among children <or= 18 months in rural guatemala. | 2007 | 17768502 |
| [human bocavirus infections in spanish 0-14 year-old: clinical and epidemiological characteristics of an emerging respiratory virus]. | in 2005 a new respiratory virus, called human bocavirus (hbov), was cloned from respiratory samples from swedish infants and children with lower respiratory tract infections. | 2007 | 17785157 |
| inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus of subgroups a and b using deoxyribozyme dz1133 in mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) commonly infects the upper and lower respiratory tracts. currently, there is no effective treatment available. deoxyribozymes are a potential therapeutic for rsv and their activity is based on the ability to bind and cleave complementary rna sequences to inhibit protein expression. dz1133 is a deoxyribozyme that targets the conserved genomic rna sequence of the rsv nucleocapsid protein and has been shown to significantly inhibit various strains of rsv including ... | 2007 | 17804108 |
| identification and characterization of a novel neural cell adhesion molecule (ncam)-associated protein from quail myoblasts: relationship to myotube formation and induction of neurite-like protrusions. | we identified a novel neural cell adhesion molecule (ncam)-associated protein, myogenesis-related and ncam-associated protein (myonap), the expression of which increases during the formation of myotubes in quail myoblasts transformed with a temperature-sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus (qm-rsv cells). myonap shares homology with pl48 in human cytotrophoblasts and kiaa0386 in human brain. excess expression of myonap in presumptive qm-rsv myoblasts induced long protrusions like neurites in co ... | 2008 | 17825087 |
| ultrastructural analysis of the interaction between f-actin and respiratory syncytial virus during virus assembly. | during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection there is a close physical interaction between the filamentous actin (f-actin) and the virus, involving both inclusion bodies and the virus filaments. this interaction appears to occur relatively early in the replication cycle, and can be detected from 8 h post-infection. furthermore, during virus assembly we obtained evidence for the participation of an f-actin-associated signalling pathway involving phosphatidyl-3-kinase (pi3k). treatment with ... | 2007 | 17825340 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of codon optimized dna vaccines encoding the f-protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus f-protein (rsv-f) is poorly expressed from dna expression plasmids containing the wild type rsv-f open reading frame. by codon optimization, premature polyadenylation signals were deleted and a striking enhancement of rsv-f expression levels was achieved. therefore, the immunogenicity and efficacy of wild type dna vaccines were compared to codon optimized expression plasmids encoding full-length rsv-f or its ectodomain. mice were immunized twice with the different dna ... | 2007 | 17825960 |
| the association between respiratory syncytial virus infection and the development of childhood asthma: a systematic review of the literature. | the relation between early respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and later emergence of episodes of wheezing/asthma remains a subject of debate. we carried out a systematic review of studies of the association between rsv infection in the first 36 months of life and the subsequent development of asthma/bronchial hyperreactivity. | 2007 | 17848887 |
| long-lasting balanced immunity and protective efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus in mice induced by a recombinant protein g1f/m2. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in young children. we have engineered a recombinant candidate vaccine g1f/m2, consisting of a cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitope of rsv-m2 protein and a domain of rsv-g protein. in this study, the long-term immunogenicity and protective effect were evaluated. in g1f/m2-immunized mice, special antibodies lasted for more than 19 weeks, and the igg1/igg2a ratio remained a balanced level till the end ... | 2007 | 17850930 |
| alphavirus replicon particles encoding the fusion or attachment glycoproteins of respiratory syncytial virus elicit protective immune responses in balb/c mice and functional serum antibodies in rhesus macaques. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of acute respiratory tract disease in humans. towards development of a prophylactic vaccine, we genetically engineered venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) replicons encoding the fusion (fa) or attachment (ga or gb) proteins of the a or b subgroups of rsv. intramuscular immunization with a formulation composed of equal amounts of each replicon particle (3vrsv replicon vaccine) generated serum neutralizing antibodies against a and b strain ... | 2007 | 17850933 |
| virally delivered cytokines alter the immune response to future lung infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide and is increasingly recognized to have a role in the development and exacerbation of chronic lung diseases. there is no effective vaccine, and we reasoned that it might be possible to skew the immune system towards beneficial nonpathogenic responses by selectively priming protective t-cell subsets. we therefore tested recombinant rsv (rrsv) candidates expressing prototypic murine th1 (gamma interf ... | 2007 | 17855518 |
| multiplexed reverse transcriptase pcr assay for identification of viral respiratory pathogens at the point of care. | we have developed a nucleic acid-based assay that is rapid, sensitive, and specific and can be used for the simultaneous detection of five common human respiratory pathogens, including influenza virus a, influenza virus b, parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and adenovirus groups b, c, and e. typically, diagnosis on an unextracted clinical sample can be provided in less than 3 h, including sample collection, preparation, and processing, as well as data analysis. ... | 2007 | 17855573 |
| the absence of enhanced disease with wild type respiratory syncytial virus infection occurring after receipt of live, attenuated, respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. | early in the development of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines severe disease occurred in children after receipt of formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine. continuing efforts to develop an appropriately attenuated and immunogenic live rsv vaccine have given opportunities to assure that live vaccines are safe through surveillance of children after vaccination. in the present study, the rate of rsv-associated upper respiratory tract illness in 388 children was lower in rsv vaccinated children th ... | 2007 | 17868959 |
| nosocomial infection: a risk factor for a complicated course in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection--results from a prospective multicenter german surveillance study. | nosocomially acquired respiratory syncytial virus infections (rsv-ni) may cause serious problems in hospitalized paediatric patients. hitherto, prospectively collected representative data on rsv-ni from multicenter studies in germany are limited. | 2008 | 17869579 |
| induction of nkg2d ligands on human dendritic cells by tlr ligand stimulation and rna virus infection. | monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mdcs) and nk cells are reciprocally activate via cytokines and cell-cell contact. although seven human nkg2d ligands (nkg2dls), ul16-binding proteins (ulbp) 1, 2, 3 and 4, retinoic acid early transcript 1g (raet1g) and mhc class i-related chains a and b, have been reported, the differential distribution and roles of these ligands in the maturation of human mdcs have not been elucidated. in the present study, we produced polyclonal antibodies (pabs) directed agai ... | 2007 | 17878262 |
| lung function and bronchial hyper-responsiveness 11 years after hospitalization for bronchiolitis. | atopic infants hospitalized for wheezing not caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) carry the highest risk for later asthma. in the present paper, early risk factors for later lung function abnormalities and for bronchial hyper-responsiveness (bhr) were evaluated in 81 children, hospitalized for bronchiolitis in infancy, at the median age of 12.3 years. | 2007 | 17880415 |
| roles of the pvm m2-1, m2-2 and p gene orf 2 (p-2) proteins in viral replication. | a plasmid-based reverse genetics system for pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) using a synthetic minigenome is described. the system was used to investigate the functions of several viral proteins. the m2-1 protein of pvm was shown to enhance reporter gene expression when present at low levels, similar to the situation for the equivalent respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) m2-1 protein, but at high levels was shown to reduce gene expression from the minigenome activity, which differs significantly form ... | 2008 | 17881076 |
| preliminary evaluation of a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr assay combined with a new dna chip hybridization assay for detecting respiratory syncytial virus. | dna chips represent a major advance in microbiology laboratories, enabling the detection of a wide range of possible pathogens using a single test. this study compared a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr combined with dna chip hybridization (prodect bcs rv chip; bcs biotech) with the indirect immunofluorescence test commonly used to detect respiratory viruses. a total of 39 respiratory viruses (38 respiratory syncytial viruses [rsvs] and 1 influenza a virus) were detected in samples from 96 pa ... | 2007 | 17881543 |
| identification of nyasol and structurally related compounds as the active principles from anemarrhena asphodeloides against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | three known phenolic compounds, (-)-(r)-nyasol (= 4,4'-(1z,3r)-penta-1,4-diene-1,3-diyldiphenol; 1), its derivative 2, and broussonin a (3)--isolated from the rhizomes of anemarrhena asphodeloides--were for the first time identified as the active principles capable of efficient respiratory-syncytial-virus (rsv) inhibition. the ic50 values of 1-3 against the rsv-a2 strain, propagated in hep-2 cells, were determined, their activities being higher than that of the standard antiviral drug ribavirin ... | 2007 | 17886842 |
| maternal alcohol ingestion reduces surfactant protein a expression by preterm fetal lung epithelia. | in addition to neurodevelopmental effects, alcohol consumption at high levels during pregnancy is associated with immunomodulation and premature birth. premature birth, in turn, is associated with increased susceptibility to various infectious agents such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the initial line of pulmonary innate defense includes the mucociliary apparatus, which expels microorganisms trapped within the airway secretions. surfactant proteins a and d (sp-a and sp-d, respectively) a ... | 2007 | 17889311 |
| virucidal activities of medium- and long-chain fatty alcohols and lipids against respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 2: comparison at different ph levels. | recent studies have shown that some lipids and fatty alcohols have microbicidal activities against a broad variety of pathogens. in this study, virucidal activities of fatty acids, monoglycerides and fatty alcohols were tested against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hpiv2) at different concentrations, times and ph levels. the most active compounds were mixed with milk products and fruit juices and the mixtures tested for virucidal effects. the aim was to d ... | 2007 | 17891329 |
| differential response of human naive and memory/effector t cells to dendritic cells infected by respiratory syncytial virus. | in vitro studies have contributed substantially to the understanding of immunopathology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-mediated disease. in the present study we compared the effect of rsv-infected dendritic cells on the time-course of the primary and memory/effector t cell response in vitro. cultures with uninfected dendritic cells known to elicit t helper 2 (th2) responses and with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly-ic)-stimulated dendritic cells known to elicit th1 responses served as ... | 2007 | 17892510 |
| do inhaled corticosteroids improve oxygen saturation in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis? | | 2007 | 17896613 |
| systemic aav-9 transduction in mice is influenced by animal age but not by the route of administration. | adeno-associated virus (aav) serotype-9 (aav-9) has attracted great attention as an optimal vehicle for body-wide gene delivery. here we examined the effect of animal age (newborn vs adult) and the route of administration (intravenous vs intra-arterial) on systemic aav-9 transduction. we delivered an alkaline phosphatase (ap) reporter gene aav vector (av.rsv.ap) to either newborn (via either the facial vein or the left ventricular cavity) or adult (via tail vein) c57bl/10 mice. at 12 weeks' post ... | 2007 | 17898796 |
| role of rhinovirus in hospitalized infants with respiratory tract infections in spain. | rhinovirus is a recognized cause of common cold, proven to cause asthma exacerbations in children. in spain, no description exists, as yet, as to the degree of burden rhinovirus infections represent among hospitalized infants. our aim was to describe rhinovirus infections in hospitalized children, under 2 years of age, and to compare these with patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2007 | 17901795 |
| influenza a and respiratory syncytial virus hospital burden in young children in east london. | epidemiological studies have demonstrated high hospitalization rates attributable to influenza and rsv in children aged 6 months and those aged <12 months, respectively (43 and 92.5/10 000 person-months, respectively). in conclusion, these high paediatric rsv and influenza incidence rates can be used to inform uk policy on childhood influenza immunization and subsequent rsv immunization in the future. | 2008 | 17903316 |
| recombinant sendai virus induces t cell immunity against respiratory syncytial virus that is protective in the absence of antibodies. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory disease in infants and a vaccine is highly desirable. the fusion (f) protein of rsv is an important vaccine target, but the contribution of f-specific t cells to successful vaccination remains unclear. we studied the immune response to vaccination of mice with a recombinant sendai virus expressing rsv f (rsev f). rsev f induced protective neutralizing antibody and rsv f-specific ctl responses. t cell immunity was stronger than that indu ... | 2007 | 17904538 |
| cd8 t cells inhibit respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine-enhanced disease. | vaccination of children with a formalin-inactivated (fi) respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine led to exacerbated disease including pulmonary eosinophilia following a natural rsv infection. immunization of balb/c mice with fi-rsv or a recombinant vaccinia virus (vv) expressing the rsv attachment (g) protein (vvg) results in a pulmonary th2 response and eosinophilia after rsv challenge that closely mimics the rsv vaccine-enhanced disease observed in humans. the underlying causes of rsv vaccin ... | 2007 | 17911628 |
| inhibition of alpharetrovirus replication by a range of human apobec3 proteins. | the mammalian apobec3 family of cytidine deaminases includes members that can act as potent inhibitors of retroviral infectivity and retrotransposon mobility. here, we have examined whether the alpharetrovirus rous sarcoma virus (rsv) is susceptible to inhibition by a range of human apobec3 proteins. we report that rsv is highly susceptible to inhibition by human apobec3g, apobec3f, and apobec3b and moderately susceptible to inhibition by human apobec3c and apobec3a. for all five proteins, inhib ... | 2007 | 17913830 |
| understanding respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine-enhanced disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children worldwide. in addition, rsv causes serious disease in elderly and immune compromised individuals. rsv infection of children previously immunized with a formalin-inactivated (fi)-rsv vaccine is associated with enhanced disease and pulmonary eosinophilia that is believed to be due to an exaggerated memory th2 response. as a consequence, there is currently no licensed rsv vaccine ... | 2007 | 17917067 |
| regulation of airway eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration by alpha-galactosylceramide in a mouse model for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine-augmented disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of respiratory disease among infants, the elderly and immunocompromised adults. in this study, we assessed the effects of alpha-galactosylceramide, a known immunoregulatory lipid, on liposomal rsv vaccine-induced responses in balb/c mice subsequently challenged with rsv. liposomes containing a recombinant fragment of the rsv g protein were prepared with and without alpha-galactosylceramide and used to immunize mice by the intranasal route. the ... | 2007 | 17920164 |
| palivizumab use in subjects with congenital heart disease: results from the 2000-2004 palivizumab outcomes registry. | the palivizumab outcomes registry prospectively collected data on 19,548 subjects who received respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis with palivizumab during the 2000-2004 rsv seasons. we evaluated the characteristics of enrolled registry subjects with congenital heart disease (chd) over the four rsv seasons and examined additional information on these subjects collected in the 2002-2004 seasons. the percentage of registry subjects with chd increased from 4.8% (102/2116) in the first seas ... | 2008 | 17926087 |
| venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles encoding respiratory syncytial virus surface glycoproteins induce protective mucosal responses in mice and cotton rats. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important viral pathogen that causes severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. there are no licensed rsv vaccines to date. to prevent rsv infection, immune responses in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts are required. previously, immunization with venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (vrps) demonstrated effectiveness in inducing mucosal protection against various pathoge ... | 2007 | 17928349 |
| immunological characterization of respiratory syncytial virus n protein epitopes recognized by human cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) are crucial for the control of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. this study has identified ctl epitopes of the rsv n protein in healthy subjects. we screened the primary structure of the n protein for hla-a 0201-binding amino acid consensus motifs, identifying three peptides designated as n-rsv1, n-rsv2, and n-rsv3. these peptides were used to generate ctl lines by stimulating human hla-a 02.01 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) in ... | 2007 | 17931110 |
| comparison of strain-specific antibody responses during primary and secondary infections with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. rsv repeatedly reinfects individuals: this may be due in part to the variability of the attachment (g) glycoprotein and changes in this protein have been shown to be under positive selection. infants experiencing their primary infection show a genotype-specific antibody response with respect to the variable regions of the g protein. a prospective study of rsv infections in a birth cohort in rural ... | 2007 | 17935184 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized infants: association between viral load, virus subgroup, and disease severity. | the relationships between host factors, virus strain, viral load, and illness severity in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis are poorly defined. these relationships were evaluated prospectively in 81 previously healthy infants hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis. disease severity was determined by the respiratory rate, the duration of hospitalization, and whether patients during their hospitalization required pediatric intensive care unit admission or mechanical ventilation. ... | 2007 | 17935185 |
| [indications and prescription modalities of palivizumab in neonates]. | palivizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against the f glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). it has been licensed since 1999 in france for the prevention of serious lower respiratory-tract infection caused by rsv requiring hospitalization in children born at 35 weeks gestation or less and who are less than 6 months old at the onset of rsv season, or in children less than 2 years old who have received treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia within the last 6 months ... | 2007 | 17939952 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in 406 hospitalized premature infants: results from a prospective german multicentre database. | premature birth, chronic lung disease of prematurity (cld), congenital heart disease and immunodeficiency predispose to a higher morbidity and mortality in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. this study describes the preterms hospitalised with rsv infection from the prospective german dsm rsv paed database. the dms rsv paed database was designed for the prospective multicentre documentation and analysis of clinically relevant aspects of the management of inpatients with rsv infection. t ... | 2007 | 17943313 |
| respiratory viral infections in transplant recipients. | a wide range of viruses affect the respiratory tract of transplant recipients, including adenovirus, influenza, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rhinovirus. prospective studies using contemporary diagnostic techniques have recently improved our understanding of the epidemiology and importance of these respiratory viruses among transplant recipients. from these studies, rhinovirus, in particular, has been shown to be one of the most common causes o ... | 2007 | 17944270 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. | originally considered as only a paediatric pathogen, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has recently been shown to be a significant cause of respiratory illness among elderly and high-risk adults. approximately 170,000 hospitalizations and 10,000 deaths associated with rsv occur annually in people over the age of 65 years in the united states. although rhinorrhoea and wheezing are common symptoms among adults, the clinical syndrome associated with rsv is not distinctive and thus laboratory method ... | 2007 | 17944273 |
| vii international symposium on respiratory viral infections. | the vii international symposium on respiratory viral infections was a multidisciplinary forum for the presentation of recent advances in respiratory virus research with special emphasis on antiviral therapies and vaccine strategies. topics covered in invited lectures included detection of novel respiratory viral pathogens and viral evolution, characterization of the 1918 pandemic virus, human metapneumovirus infections, human respiratory epithelial cultures for studying viral pathogenesis, the r ... | 2007 | 17944274 |
| [construction and preparation of helper-dependent adenoviral vector expressing human respiratory syncytial virus f gene]. | to construct a helper-dependent adenoviral vector expressing human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroup a f gene, and finish large scale preparation, purification and identification of the vector. f gene under the control of cmv promoter was subcloned into a shutle vector psc11, and then cloned into hadd plasmid psc15b. the hdad/f genome was liberated by removing the bacterial sequences from the resulting plasmid psc15b/f digested with restriction enzyme pme i, and then the linear hdad/f d ... | 2007 | 17944372 |
| serum mannose-binding lectin levels are linked with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease. | the innate immune response facilitates the quality of the adaptive immune response and is critical to an individual's susceptibility to infection and disease. mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is a plasma protein with anti-microbial properties that binds a wide range of pathogens to flag them for immune destruction independent of antibodies. in this study, serum mbl levels were measured in 81 children <5 years old experiencing acute respiratory syncytial virus infection and in 40 control children to ... | 2008 | 17952574 |
| pharmacy management of vaccines. | although standard vaccines have traditionally been granted full coverage in managed care, the recent introduction of several novel vaccine products has necessitated the revision of pharmacy management strategies throughout the nation. | 2007 | 17955623 |
| [influenza in poland in 2005]. | a total number of 773,234 cases of influenza and influenza-like illness registered in poland in 2004 (incidence 1921.4 per 100,000 population). regionally the incidence ranged from 3391.8 per 100,000 population in mazowieckie to 364.0 in swietokrzyskie. children and adolescents under 15 years of age accounted for 34.5% of all cases (age specific incidence 4045.3 per 100,000). in this age group the incidence varied regionally from 6381.1 in mazowieckie to 797.6 in swietokrzyskie. 1469 patients (0 ... | 2007 | 17956033 |
| [signal transduction in respiratory syncytial virus infection-induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in human epithelial cells]. | to explore the mechanism of signal transduction in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (tslp) in bronchial epithelial cells. | 2007 | 17959543 |
| rous sarcoma virus (rsv) integration in vivo: a ca dinucleotide is not required in u3, and rsv linear dna does not autointegrate. | the sequences required for integration of retroviral dna have been analyzed in vitro. however, the in vitro experiments do not agree on which sequences are required for integration: for example, whether or not the conserved ca dinucleotide in the 3' end of the viral dna is required for normal integration. at least a portion of the problem is due to differences in the experimental conditions used in the in vitro assays. to avoid the issue of what experimental conditions to use, we took an in vivo ... | 2008 | 17959663 |
| motavizumab, a neutralizing anti-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) monoclonal antibody significantly modifies the local and systemic cytokine responses induced by rsv in the mouse model. | motavizumab (medi-524) is a monoclonal antibody with enhanced neutralizing activity against rsv. in mice, motavizumab suppressed rsv replication which resulted in significant reduction of clinical parameters of disease severity. we evaluated the effect of motavizumab on the local and systemic immune response induced by rsv in the mouse model. balb/c mice were intranasally inoculated with 106.5 pfu rsv a2 or medium. motavizumab was given once intraperitoneally (1.25 mg/mouse) as prophylaxis, 24 h ... | 2007 | 17961258 |
| ifn-gamma production during initial infection determines the outcome of reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis has been associated with deficient ifn-gamma production in humans, but the role of this cytokine in determining the outcome of reinfection is unknown. | 2008 | 17962634 |
| intermolecular interactions between retroviral gag proteins in the nucleus. | the retroviral gag polyprotein directs virus particle assembly, resulting in the release of virions from the plasma membranes of infected cells. the earliest steps in assembly, those immediately following gag synthesis, are very poorly understood. for rous sarcoma virus (rsv), gag proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then undergo transient nuclear trafficking before returning to the cytoplasm for transport to the plasma membrane. thus, rsv provides a useful model to study the initial st ... | 2008 | 17977961 |
| lung function in prematurely born infants after viral lower respiratory tract infections. | chronic respiratory morbidity has been reported in prematurely born infants after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis). the aim of this study was to determine the impact of viral lrti on lung function at follow-up of prematurely born infants. | 2007 | 17984809 |
| the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection: friend or foe? | the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has fascinated and frustrated investigators for decades. after adverse responses to early attempts at vaccination, it became popularly held that disease following infection was related to overly aggressive immune responses. however, recent data illustrate that severe forms of disease are related to inadequate, rather than hyperresponsive, adaptive immune reactions. thus, recovery from primary (and perhaps later) rsv infection is ... | 2008 | 17985249 |
| immunoprophylaxis of rsv infection: advancing from rsv-igiv to palivizumab and motavizumab. | antibodies mediate humoral immune responses and play key roles in the defense of viral infection by the recognition, neutralization, and elimination of viruses from the circulation. for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, the natural immune response to rsv from pooled human plasma has been harvested and successfully developed as a prophylactic polyclonal rsv hyperimmune globulin, respigam (rsv-igiv; medimmune, gaithersburg, md). the success of rsv-igiv validated the im ... | 2008 | 17990791 |
| respiratory virus-induced regulation of asthma-like responses in mice depends upon cd8 t cells and interferon-gamma production. | respiratory virus infections can significantly influence the development of airway disease by both predisposing and exacerbating the developing lung immune environment. in contrast, the initiation of a more desirable anti-viral response may better prepare the local environment and protect it from developing an adverse long-term disease phenotype. balb/c or c57bl/6 mice exposed to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection at the same time as allergen sensitization were assessed for airway funct ... | 2007 | 17991711 |
| immunization of macaques with formalin-inactivated human metapneumovirus induces hypersensitivity to hmpv infection. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a member of the family paramyxoviridae, is an important cause of acute respiratory tract disease. in the 1960s, vaccination with formalin-inactivated paramyxovirus preparations--respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and measles virus (mv)--resulted in predisposition for enhanced disease upon natural infection. we have produced a formalin-inactivated hmpv preparation (fi-hmpv), which was used to immunize young cynomolgus macaques. six days after challenge fi-hmpv-primed ... | 2007 | 17996988 |
| purification and characterization of recombinant human respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural protein ns1. | we report here the first biochemical and structural characterization of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) ns1 protein. we have used a pet-ubiquitin expression system to produce respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) ns1 protein in e. coli that contains a hexahistidine-tag on either the amino- or carboxyl-terminus (his(6)-ns1 and ns1-his(6), respectively). we have been able to isolate milligram quantities of highly purified his(6)-ns1 and ns1-his(6) by nickel affinity chromatography. generation of ... | 2008 | 17997327 |
| no evidence for an association between infections with wu and ki polyomaviruses and respiratory disease. | wu virus (wuv) and ki polyomavirus (kipyv) are newly discovered related human polyomaviruses detected in respiratory samples. to investigate their potential role in respiratory disease, we determined their frequencies of detection, clinical presentations and epidemiological characteristics among samples referred for diagnostic respiratory virus testing. | 2007 | 17997354 |
| notch ligand delta-like 4 regulates disease pathogenesis during respiratory viral infections by modulating th2 cytokines. | recent data have indicated that an important instructive class of signals regulating the immune response is notch ligand-mediated activation. using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we observed that only delta-like 4 (dll4) was up-regulated on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, and that it was dependent on myd88-mediated pathways. using a polyclonal antibody specific for dll4, the development of rsv-induced disease was examined. animals t ... | 2007 | 17998388 |
| respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immune globulin is a purified human hyperimmune globulin that provides passive immunity against complicated rsv disease in select groups of infants and young children. according to microneutralisation assay results, its rsv-neutralising antibody concentration was significantly greater than that of nonspecific immune globulin, thereby suggesting the potential for more reliable protection against rsv infection. in 2 randomised double-blind trials, prophylaxis with ... | 1997 | 18020503 |
| antiviral immunotherapy: a review of current status. | unselected intramuscular (im) and intravenous (iv) immunoglobulins, as well as virus-specific hyperimmune globulins, occupy important roles as immunotherapy for viral infections. standard im immunoglobulins may be utilised in selected, susceptible patients for the prevention of hepatitis a and measles. hyperimmune globulins to varicella zoster virus (vzv), hepatitis b virus and rabies have established indications for use as post-exposure prophylaxis. cytomegalovirus (cmv) hyperimmune globulin ha ... | 1998 | 18020581 |
| pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus infections. | during the winter 2005-2006, all infants <4 months of age admitted for bronchiolitis or acute respiratory tract infection in a tertiary care pediatric hospital in paris were tested for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pertussis with real-time polymerase-chain reaction (rt-pcr). a positive pertussis-pcr was found in 14/90 (16%) infants infected with rsv and in 5/30 negative for rsv. similar clinical symptoms were found in all rsv-positive infants with or without pertussis co-infection. most ... | 2008 | 18034357 |
| human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus detection in young children with acute bronchiolitis. | this study was conducted to detect human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in young children hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from 170 children between 1 and 24 months of age admitted to two tertiary hospitals in northeastern thailand, between 2002 and 2004. acute bronchiolitis was defined as the first episode of wheezing associated with tachypnea, increased r ... | 2007 | 18035801 |
| the rsv f and g glycoproteins interact to form a complex on the surface of infected cells. | in this study, the interaction between the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) protein, attachment (g) protein, and small hydrophobic (sh) proteins was examined. immunoprecipitation analysis suggested that the f and g proteins exist as a protein complex on the surface of rsv-infected cells, and this conclusion was supported by ultracentrifugation analysis that demonstrated co-migration of surface-expressed f and g proteins. although our analysis provided evidence for an interaction betw ... | 2008 | 18036342 |
| foundations in cancer research. the turns of life and science. | this chapter provides a personal insight into the scientific and social atmosphere in former czechoslovakia. it covers the period of the rise of hasek's immunologic school and application of immunologic tolerance to rous sarcoma virus (rsv) heterotransmission. these approaches permitted establishment of a new model of mammalian cells transformed by rsv (virogenic xc cells), where the noninfectious viral genome was kept indefinitely as new genetic information (provirus). rsv was rescued from nonp ... | 2008 | 18037405 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein expressed by recombinant sendai virus elicits b-cell and t-cell responses in cotton rats and confers protection against rsv subtypes a and b. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a serious pediatric pathogen for which there is currently no clinically approved vaccine. this report describes the design and testing of a new rsv vaccine construct (rsv-rsv-f), created by the recombination of an rsv f sequence with the murine parainfluenza virus-type 1 (sendai virus, sv) genome. sv was selected as the vaccine backbone for this study, because it has previously been shown to elicit high-magnitude, durable immune activities in animal studi ... | 2007 | 18037543 |
| molecular epidemiology and genetic variability of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in stockholm, 2002-2003. | the epidemiology and genetic variability of circulating respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strains in stockholm during the season 2002-2003 were studied in consecutive rsv isolates derived from respiratory samples and diagnosed in the laboratory. two hundred thirty-four viruses were sequenced. the samples were mainly from children under 1 year old (79%). the phylogeny of the n-terminal part of the g gene was studied after amplification and sequencing. one hundred fifty-two viruses belonged to sub ... | 2008 | 18041002 |
| severe bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus among young children in hawaii. | lower respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality among children worldwide. our objective was to describe the incidence and epidemiology of severe bronchiolitis, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and pneumonia among children in hawaii. | 2007 | 18043442 |
| intravenous palivizumab and ribavirin combination for respiratory syncytial virus disease in high-risk pediatric patients. | risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease include prematurity, congenital heart disease, chronic lung disease, and immunocompromised states. there is no consensus concerning the most effective therapy for severe rsv infection in high-risk patients. palivizumab is approved for prevention of rsv disease, and ribavirin is approved for treatment of rsv infections but its efficacy in high-risk patients has not been conclusively established. | 2007 | 18043443 |
| interleukin (il)-18 polymorphism 133c/g is associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants. during the course of rsv infection, predominant t helper cell (th) 2 response is associated with disease progression, whereas predominant th1 reaction provides convalescence. interleukin (il)-18 plays an important role in adjusting the th1/th2 immune response to viral infections. thus, we tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms in il-18 were associated with severe rsv-associated diseases. | 2007 | 18043444 |
| paxillin phosphorylation controls invadopodia/podosomes spatiotemporal organization. | in rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-transformed baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells, invadopodia can self-organize into rings and belts, similarly to podosome distribution during osteoclast differentiation. the composition of individual invadopodia is spatiotemporally regulated and depends on invadopodia localization along the ring section: the actin core assembly precedes the recruitment of surrounding integrins and integrin-linked proteins, whereas the loss of the actin core was a prerequisite to invadopo ... | 2008 | 18045996 |
| wheezy babies--wheezy adults? review on long-term outcome until adulthood after early childhood wheezing. | population-based birth cohort studies have documented that about 30% of children suffer from wheezing during respiratory infection before their third birthday. recurrent wheezing is common in early childhood, but most patients outgrow their symptoms by school age. however, recent long-term postbronchiolitis follow-up studies from sweden and finland have revealed that asthma is present in about 40% of young adults and over half of the cases are relapses after many symptom-free years. in populatio ... | 2008 | 18052998 |
| pulmonary peptidergic innervation remodeling and development of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by rsv persistent infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes bronchiolitis in infants and children, which is an important risk factor for the development of chronic asthma. to probe the underlying mechanisms that rsv infection increases the susceptibility of asthma, this present study was designed to establish a rsv persistent infection animal model by cyclophosphamide (cyp) pretreatment that more closely mimic human rsv infection. cyp is an immunosuppressant, which induced deficiency in cellular and humo ... | 2008 | 18055066 |
| influence of a single viral epitope on t cell response and disease after infection of mice with respiratory syncytial virus. | ctl are important for virus clearance but also contribute to immunopathology after the infection of balb/c mice with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the pulmonary immune response to rsv is dominated by a ctl population directed against the ctl epitope m2-1 82-90. infection with a virus carrying an m2-1 n89a mutation introduced by reverse genetics failed to activate this immunodominant ctl population, leading to a significant decrease in the overall antiviral ctl response. there was no compens ... | 2007 | 18056370 |
| cd8+ t cell responses in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infants with severe primary respiratory syncytial virus infections. | a protective role for cd8+ t cells during viral infections is generally accepted, but little is known about how cd8+ t cell responses develop during primary infections in infants, their efficacy, and how memory is established after viral clearance. we studied cd8+ t cell responses in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) samples and blood of infants with a severe primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. rsv-specific cd8+ t cells with an activated effector cell phenotype: cd27+cd28+cd45ro+ccr7 ... | 2007 | 18056387 |
| transgene expression facilitated by the v-src splice acceptor can impair replication kinetics and lead to genomic instability of rous sarcoma virus-based vectors. | rous sarcoma virus (rsv) can be used for the simple generation of high-titer replication-competent retroviral (rcr) vectors. retroviruses undergo frequent genomic recombination, however, and vectors with reduced replication kinetics are rapidly overgrown by mutant forms. vector design is hence critical to vector efficacy. in this study, two different designs of rsv-based rcr vectors were evaluated. vectors in which transgene expression was facilitated by the v-src splice acceptor were revealed t ... | 2008 | 18057258 |
| increased pathogenesis and inflammation of airways from respiratory syncytial virus infection in t cell deficient nude mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is ubiquitous and leads to various outcomes between immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. this study aimed to compare rsv infection and inflammatory responses between immunocompetent balb/c mice and immunodeficient nude mice. rsv titers in both infected balb/c mice and nude mice peaked on the third day post-inoculation, but the nude mice had longer lasting and higher levels of viral replication. rsv infection induced a more severe grade of ... | 2008 | 18058127 |
| brief report: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, july 2006-november 2007. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most common cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease among infants and young children, typically infects persons by age 2 years and can cause subsequent infections throughout life. rsv infection primarily manifests as bronchiolitis or pneumonia and results in approximately 75,000 to 125,000 hospitalizations in the united states each year. persons at increased risk for severe disease or death include premature infants, older adults, and persons of any ... | 2007 | 18059258 |