| exacerbation of murine pneumocystis carinii infection by adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of a tnf inhibitor. | the role of mononuclear phagocytes and their cytokine products in host defense against pneumocystis carinii (pc) remains unclear. the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (tnf) has been proposed as critical for host defense against this pathogen. to investigate the role of this cytokine in pc infection, we treated immunocompetent mice (cd4+) or mice depleted of cd4 lymphocytes (cd4-) with a recombinant adenovirus encoding a tnf inhibitor gene (adtnf-r). adtnf-r treated cd4+ animals displayed delayed c ... | 1997 | 9032117 |
| [pneumocystis infection in a non-immunocompromised patient]. | pneumocystis is typically described in the immunodepressed. we report a case of pneumocystis occurring in a patient without known depression of the immune system. the patient, aged 50, was hospitalised for a diffused infiltration pneumonia which developed sub-acutely, and presented with increasing dyspnoea of effort, thoracic pain and a disturbances of general health. the initial assessment did not reveal any risk factors for hiv infection nor any past history of note. the diagnosis of pneumocys ... | 1996 | 9036508 |
| terminology changes needed for descriptions of pneumocystis carinii infection. | | 1997 | 9038331 |
| simple detection of the 5s ribosomal rna of pneumocystis carinii using in situ hybridisation. | to investigate the effectiveness of digoxigenin incorporated double stranded dna probes produced by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), for the detection of pneumocystis carinii, using in situ hybridisation (ish). | 1996 | 9038753 |
| expression of the alpha 5 beta 1 fibronectin receptor on t lymphocytes of patients with hiv-1 infection. | to evaluate the expression of the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin fibronectin receptor (fnr), which mediates several processes, including phagocytosis, cell motility and the immune response, on t lymphocytes of patients with hiv-1 infection. | 1996 | 9038757 |
| light and electron microscopy study of carbohydrate antigens found in the electron-lucent layer of pneumocystis carinii cysts. | the localization and biochemical nature of antigens found in the electron-lucent layer (ell) of pneumocystis carinii cysts using polyclonal rabbit antibodies are described. these antigens, specific for the cystic stages of the parasite, were shared by organisms from different hosts, suggesting that they represent functionally important components of the cyst cell wall. the binding sites were situated on an interwoven net of fibrils in the ell produced by mild to strong proteolysis. degradation o ... | 1997 | 9039701 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia masquerading as tuberculosis. | recent laboratory studies indicate that genetic diversity exists in human strains of pneumocystis carinii. structural and functional variability in infecting strains could result in differences in host-parasite interactions and the natural history of p carinii pneumonia. we report 5 unusual cases in which the clinical presentation mimicked tuberculosis. all patients were cared for at a university-based public hospital clinic in los angeles, calif, during a 2-year period. these patients were chro ... | 1997 | 9040304 |
| cyclosporin treatment for ulcerative colitis complicated by fatal pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1997 | 9040337 |
| survival after diagnosis of aids: a prospective observational study of 2625 patients. royal free/chelsea and westminster hospitals collaborative group. | to estimate median survival and changes in survival in patients diagnosed as having aids. | 1997 | 9040386 |
| isoenzyme diversity in pneumocystis carinii from rats, mice, and rabbits. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. to investigate the genetic diversity of p. carinii populations, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to analyze five enzyme systems (malate dehydrogenase, glucose phosphate isomerase, leucine aminopeptidase, malic enzyme, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase). only five different multilocus associations (zymodemes) were recorded for the 70 isolates studied. while only one multilocus combi ... | 1997 | 9041338 |
| lipid transfer from human epithelial cells to pneumocystis carinii in vitro. | pneumocystis carinii lipids are similar to host lipids, but it is not known if some of these lipids are acquired from host cells. the ability of p. carinii to incorporate a fluorescent fatty acid analogue (bodipy-c12) was analyzed, the metabolism of the incorporated lipid by p. carinii was characterized, and lipid transfer from human alveolar epithelial cells (a549) to p. carinii was investigated. both p. carinii and a549 cells incorporated exogenous bodipy-c12 in a concentration-dependent manne ... | 1997 | 9041339 |
| gamma-interferon inhibits pneumocystis carinii attachment to lung cells by decreasing expression of lung cell-surface integrins. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) is a leading cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. previous work has shown that fibronectin (fn) and fn-binding integrins mediate pc attachment to lung cells in vitro. gamma-interferon (gamma-ifn) is a major factor in host defence against pc infection. to determine the effect of gamma-ifn on pc attachment to lung cells, the alveolar epithelial cell line a549 was incubated with gamma-ifn (0-10(4) u ml(-1)) and attachment of 51cr-labelled pc to the a549 cells ... | 1997 | 9041372 |
| bacterial infections in hiv: the extent and nature of the problem. | leucopenia and neutropenia in hiv appears to be much less common than in the context of haematological malignancies although severe neutropenia (< 0.75 x 10(9)/l) occurs in as many as 70% of patients with aids often related to concomitant drug therapy. in addition to low numbers of neutrophils there is also some evidence of defective neutrophil function in hiv/aids (chemotaxis, bacterial killing, phagocytosis and superoxide production). however the frequency and importance of these defects is as ... | 1997 | 9043975 |
| in-vitro activity of atovaquone, sulphamethoxazole and dapsone alone and combined with inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase and macrolides against pneumocystis carinii. | the anti-pneumocystis carinii activity of atovaquone, dapsone and sulphamethoxazole alone and combined with dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors and macrolides was investigated against five clinical isolates of p. carinii. the susceptibility tests were performed by inoculation of the organisms on to cell monolayer and parasite count after 72 h incubation at 37 degrees c. culture plates were added to dulbecco's modified eagle's medium containing serial dilutions of atovaquone, dapsone and su ... | 1997 | 9044027 |
| human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphoid proliferations. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is associated with a range of lymphoid alterations from generalized lymphadenopathy to abnormal lymphoid proliferations and malignant lymphomas. special characteristics of lymphoid proliferation are seen in the lungs and thymus of children infected with hiv. hiv-related lymphoid proliferations may be associated with other infectious agents including pneumocystis carinii, mycobacteria, rickettsial-like organisms, epstein-barr virus (ebv) and kaposi's s ... | 1997 | 9044509 |
| synthesis and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitory activities of 2,4-diamino-5-deaza and 2,4-diamino-5,10-dideaza lipophilic antifolates. | two series of nonclassical antifolates (2,4-diamino-5-deaza compounds 2-5 and 5,10-dideaza compounds 6-13) were synthesized as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from pneumocystis carinii (pc) and toxoplasma gondii (tg) organisms that are responsible for fatal opportunistic infections in aids patients. rat liver (rl) dhfr served as the mammalian reference enzyme to determine selectivity. syntheses of the target 5-deaza compounds were achieved by initial construction of the pivaloyl-pro ... | 1997 | 9046337 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of nonclassical 2,4-diamino-5-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines with novel side chain substituents as potential inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases. | nine novel 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-substituted-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines, 2-10, were synthesized as potential inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (pcdhfr) and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase (tgdhfr). compounds 2-5 were designed as conformationally restricted analogues of trimetrexate (tmq), in which rotation around tau 3 was constrained by incorporation of the side chain nitrogen as part of an indoline or an indole ring. analogue 6, which has an extra atom between ... | 1997 | 9046338 |
| opportunistic infection and immunologic function in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-hodgkin's lymphoma treated with chemotherapy. | the incidence of systemic non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) is higher in the population infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) than in the uninfected population. standard treatment for this cancer involves the administration of systemic chemotherapy. | 1997 | 9048834 |
| [cavitated pulmonary nodule due to infection by pneumocystis carinii]. | | 1996 | 9053017 |
| comparison of oral agents for treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1997 | 9054287 |
| a rapid and simple nested pcr assay for the detection of pneumocystis carinii in sputum samples. | detection of pneumocystis carinii by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), based on the thymidylate synthase (ts) gene of rat p. carinii, is a specific and sensitive method for the detection of the parasite in respiratory samples. however, the use of the method is limited by a laborious phenol-chloroform dna extraction method and an expensive and time-consuming hybridization procedure. for routine clinical samples, dna preparation can be simplified and hybridization substituted by a nested pcr te ... | 1996 | 9060063 |
| a study of malaysian drug addicts with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | a cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the clinical profile, haematological and biochemical changes, seroprevalence of common opportunistic pathogens, and aids-defining events in 49 malaysian male drug addicts with hiv infection. their mean age was 33.2 years, the majority had been injecting drugs for more than 5 years and 88% reporting sharing needles. fatigue, weight loss and night sweats were common presenting symptoms and the most frequent physical findings were hepatomegaly (57 ... | 1997 | 9061411 |
| presence of glomerular basement membrane (gbm) antibodies in hiv- patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | following the unexpected finding of antibodies to gbm in a patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the absence of kidney abnormalities, the presence of anti-gbm antibodies was analysed in 14 patients with pulmonary p. carinii infection who did not have clinical evidence of autoimmune glomerulonephritis. patients were divided into three groups: hiv- with p. carinii pneumonia (n = 4), hiv+ with p. carinii pneumonia (n = 5) and hiv- carriers of p. carinii without pneumonia (n = 5). as contro ... | 1997 | 9067515 |
| human t cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type i (htlv-i) and pneumocystis carinii associated with t cell proliferation and haemophagocytic syndrome. | | 1997 | 9067590 |
| pulmonary manifestations in hiv seropositivity and malnutrition in zimbabwe. | over a 10 month period 184 children, aged 5 years or less, who died at home had their nutritional status and hiv serostatus established; necropsies were also carried out. the hiv antibody test was positive in 122/184 (66%). of the hiv seropositive children pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was present in 19 (16%), cytomegalovirus pneumonia in nine (7%), and lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis in 11 (9%). opportunistic infection was therefore seen in 28/122 (23%) of the seropositive cases but in none ... | 1997 | 9068301 |
| [clinical course of hiv-infected tuberculosis patients who admitted to the tuberculosis isolation ward: current problems of medical care]. | to clarify the problems of medical care of hiv-infected tuberculosis patients, we investigated clinical course of six cases admitted to our tuberculosis isolation ward. all cases were sputum smear positive for tubercle bacilli at the time of diagnosis of tuberculosis. hiv-positive was confirmed at the same time or soon after the diagnosis of tuberculosis in four cases. cd4+ cell count was on the average 21/mm3 on admission, and all cases were defined as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) ... | 1997 | 9071088 |
| skin involvement with pneumocystis despite dapsone prophylaxis: a rare cause of skin nodules in a patient with aids. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is among the most common life-threatening opportunistic infections that occurs in those with hiv infection and a depleted absolute cd4+ t-lymphocyte count. fortunately, with the advent of effective prophylaxis, this aids-defining complication is diminishing. rarely, pneumocystis carinii (p carinii) occurs outside the lungs, typically in the setting of prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine or no prophylaxis at all. this is the case of a man with advanced aids and ... | 1997 | 9075436 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii in induced sputa from immunocompromised patients using a repetitive dna probe. | a hybridization assay for the detection of pneumocystis carinii was developed using a repetitive dna fragment of p.c. hominis. the assay was specific as different micro-organisms typically found in the respiratory tract, normal human lung dna (a 549 cell line) and normal rat lung dna did not react with the repetitive probe. in a slot blot (sb) hybridization assay, the repetitive probe was able to detect as few as 100 p.c. hominis organisms with no false-positives. the results of the sb hybridiza ... | 1997 | 9076709 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in viral hepatitis c treated with interferon alpha 2 et corticoids]. | | 1996 | 9082388 |
| antiretroviral treatment and progression to aids in hiv seroconverters from different risk groups. hiv italian seroconversion study. | to evaluate the association between time since initiation of pre-aids antiretroviral therapy [mainly with zidovudine (zdv)] and aids-free survival in a cohort of hiv seroconverters, and to assess possible differences in this association and in the use of antiretroviral therapy by hiv exposure group. | 1997 | 9084793 |
| predictors of cytomegalovirus disease, natural history and autopsy findings in a cohort of patients with aids. | to identify the predictors of acquiring cytomegalovirus (cmv) disease, and to describe natural history, therapeutic management and autopsy findings in affected patients. | 1997 | 9084800 |
| pneumocystis carinii hominis sequencing to study hypothetical person-to-person transmission. | | 1997 | 9084812 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. review of 32 cases in immunocompromised hosts. | the records of patients in whom pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was diagnosed between january 1989 and december 1991 were reviewed. thirty-two patients--all immunocompromised--were included in the study: 41% were hiv-positive and 59% hiv-negative. in 23 patients (72%) concomitant pathogens were isolated, most frequently cytomegalovirus. presenting symptoms included fever (97%), cough (75%) and dyspnea (63%). all hiv-infected patients had a t4-lymphocyte count below 200/mm3 (or 20%). the maj ... | 1997 | 9085615 |
| novel anti-pneumocystis carinii effects of the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil in contrast to provocative effects of tacrolimus, sirolimus, and dexamethasone. | the effects of three new immunosuppressive drugs used for organ transplantation, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and sirolimus, were compared with those of dexamethasone in provocation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in virus-free sprague-dawley rats. rats injected daily with tacrolimus showed a dose-related response to the point of severe p. carinii pneumonitis 4 weeks after initiation of drug administration identical to those animals treated with high-dose dexamethasone. thirty percent ... | 1997 | 9086147 |
| current trends in hiv-related hospital admissions and their impact on hospital resource utilization in ontario. | to assess changes in patterns of hospital admissions, in frequency of admissions and in average length of stay (alos) at a tertiary hiv referral centre, and to investigate the overall impact of care for patients with hiv infection of aids on peer hospitals in ontario. | 1997 | 9088665 |
| effect of n9-methylation and bridge atom variation on the activity of 5-substituted 2,4-diaminopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines against dihydrofolate reductases from pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii. | the effect of n9-methylation and bridge atom variation on inhibitory potency and selectivity of 2,4-diaminopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines against dihydrofolate reductases (dhfr) was studied. specifically three nonclassical 2,4-diamino-5-((n-methylanilino)methyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines with 2',5'-dimethoxyphenyl (2), 3',4'-dichlorophenyl (3), 1'-naphthyl (4), one classical analogue with a 4'-l-glutamate substituent (10), and four nonclassical 2,4-diamino-5-((phenylthio)methyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin ... | 1997 | 9089339 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains an important complication of aids. advances have been made in establishing the taxonomy of the organism but the life cycle of the organism and pathogenetic mechanisms of disease remain obscure. in hiv patients the incidence of pcp has decreased because of widespread use of prophylaxis and survival of those with pcp has improved with use of adjunctive corticosteroid therapy. less toxic drug therapies are still needed as well as better noninvasive diagn ... | 1997 | 9093230 |
| animal model of mucosally transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease: intravaginal and oral deposition of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in macaques results in systemic infection, elimination of cd4+ t cells, and aids. | chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (shiv) consists of the env, vpu, tat, and rev genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) on a background of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). we derived a shiv that caused cd4+ cell loss and aids in pig-tailed macaques (s. v. joag, z. li, l. foresman, e. b. stephens, l. j. zhao, i. adany, d. m. pinson, h. m. mcclure, and o. narayan, j. virol. 70:3189-3197, 1996) and used a cell-free stock of this virus (shiv(ku-1)) to inoculate macaques b ... | 1997 | 9094679 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia versus wasting syndrome among aids cases in puerto rico: a survival analysis. | to compare mortality of wasting syndrome (ws) versus pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients reported in puerto rico after controlling for gender, age, and cd4 levels. | 1996 | 9097342 |
| toxoplasma pneumonia. | toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite, is the causal agent of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. in the presence of a normal immune response, the pathogen becomes latent and the immunocompetent host remains chronically infected throughout life, often without clinical disease. in the case of the patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or other defects in cell-mediated immunity, the infection reactivates and is most often manifest as toxoplasmic encep ... | 1997 | 9097375 |
| aids pathology: infections and neoplasms in 55 fatal aids cases. a postmortem study. | the study evaluated the incidence of infections and neoplasms in 55 out of 104 patients with aids who died in poland from january 1986 to april 1994 (the estimated autopsy rate-52.8%). histopathological examination revealed 103 infections and 11 neoplasms. in 40 persons (73%) either multiple infections or a neoplasm and an infection were diagnosed. cytomegalovirus infection was most common. (65.5% of cases) followed by pneumocystis carinii (24% of cases). these infections were the leading cause ... | 1996 | 9097707 |
| [biological diagnosis of pneumocystis infection. evaluation and value of a new direct immunofluorescent technique]. | opportunist disease in immunocompromised patients and prematured babies, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was rare. it represents today inaugural manifestation of sida in 35-40% of cases. the research of the parasite becomes a current analysis for a medical laboratory. biological diagnosis is based on the show of the parasite in the sampling with classical coloration technics. the limits of these colorations have played a great part in the development of fluorescent monoclonal antibody stains. in ... | 1997 | 9097841 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with a solid organ transplant]. | | 1997 | 9102664 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with a solid organ transplant: a report of 5 cases]. | a report is made here of five patients who underwent solid organ transplantation, were not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, and suffered pneumocystis carinii pneumonia while receiving immunosuppressive drugs. the figure represents a prevalence of 0.43% among patients with solid organ transplantation at the clínica puerta de hierro. some features of this infection are reported in patients without aids, both transplanted patients and with other clinical conditions, the possible pred ... | 1997 | 9102669 |
| does pulmonary airway inflammation relate to intercellular adhesion molecule (icam-1) in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens? a pilot study. | the objective of this study was to assess the value of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens. | 1997 | 9103837 |
| maintenance of chemoprophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii despite combination antiretroviral treatment associated cd4+ t-lymphocytosis. | | 1997 | 9105103 |
| relevance of nucleic acid amplification techniques for diagnosis of respiratory tract infections in the clinical laboratory. | clinical laboratories are increasingly receiving requests to perform nucleic acid amplification tests for the detection of a wide variety of infectious agents. in this paper, the efficiency of nucleic acid amplification techniques for the diagnosis of respiratory tract infections is reviewed. in general, these techniques should be applied only for the detection of microorganisms for which available diagnostic techniques are markedly insensitive or nonexistent or when turnaround times for existin ... | 1997 | 9105753 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-negative patients with haematologic disease. | since 1990, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was diagnosed in 15 adult hiv-negative haematologic patients in our hospital. none of them had received pcp prophylaxis. all except one had been treated with prednisone. symptoms usually started after stopping or tapering. in six patients the diagnosis of pcp was delayed because of confounding bacterial isolates from blood, sputum or urine leading to unsuccessful antibiotic treatment. pcp was diagnosed by demonstrating pneumocysts in bronchoalveol ... | 1997 | 9108180 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected african child. | progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (pdh), a recognized defining illness of aids, is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by histoplasma capsulatum. the authors report a case of pdh in a hiv-infected african child from a histoplasma capsulatum non-endemic area. an 8-year-old girl from kwazulu/natal, south africa, was admitted to king edward viii hospital with pyrexia and respiratory distress. pale with generalized lymphadenopathy, she had been sick with general malaise and fever for 3 ... | 1997 | 9109150 |
| characterization of rat cd4 t cell clones specific for the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii are coated by abundant heterogenous major surface glycoproteins (msgs), which facilitate interaction with the host. we have produced msg-specific t-cell clones from the spleens of p. carinii-exposed lewis rats and analyzed five for antigen specificity to native msg and a recombinant form of msg, cell surface markers, and cytokine profiles. all five of the clones were cd4+. all of the clones proliferated specifically to both the native msg and the recombinant msg only in the ... | 1997 | 9109259 |
| pneumocystis carinii of the common shrew, sorex araneus, shows a discrete phenotype. | we carried out an immunohistological and morphological study on pneumocystis carinii originating from the common shrew, sorex araneus. immunologic properties were studied by applying two commercially available immunofluorescence staining kits with differing developmental form specificity to a lung homogenate. the cyst form-specific staining kit reacted with cysts originating from s. araneus. ultrastructurally this particular antigen epitope specifically deposited on the electron-lucent middle la ... | 1997 | 9109260 |
| aspergilloma formation in a pneumatocele associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1997 | 9110096 |
| chronic immunosuppressive therapy for systemic vasculitis. | treatment with glucocorticoids and cytotoxic agents has markedly improved the outcome in patients with systemic vasculitis. as more patients survive with these disorders, the long-term risks of these therapies have become increasingly apparent. an understanding of therapeutic toxicities is important because in some instances they can be minimized by the use of treatment strategies and monitoring techniques. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is associated with a high mortality rate in immunosuppress ... | 1997 | 9110133 |
| correspondence re: fraire ae, kemp b, greenberg sd, kim h-s, estrada r, mcbride ra. calcofluor white stain for the detection of pneumocystis carinii in transbronchial lung biopsy specimens: a study of 68 cases. mod pathol 1996;9:861-4. | | 1997 | 9110307 |
| surveillance for thrombocytopenia in persons infected with hiv: results from the multistate adult and adolescent spectrum of disease project. | thrombocytopenia in persons infected with hiv is prevalent and has numerous causes. to study the occurrence, associations, and effect on survival of thrombocytopenia in hiv-infected persons, we used surveillance data from a longitudinal survey of the medical records of 30,214 hiv-infected patients who received medical care from january 1990 through august 1996 in more than 100 medical clinics in 10 u.s. cities. thrombocytopenia was defined as a physician diagnosis of thrombocytopenia or a platel ... | 1997 | 9111481 |
| features and outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia according to risk category for hiv infection. | a retrospective study of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was undertaken to examine differences between the presentation and outcome of pcp in aids patients from different risk categories for hiv infection. there were 176 pcp episodes recorded in 126 patients from the following risk categories: 69 intravenous drug misusers (idms), 36 homosexually infected men and 21 heterosexually infected patients. most clinical features did not differ significantly between the 3 groups but hypercapnia was ... | 1997 | 9112299 |
| no evidence of nosocomial pneumocystis carinii infection via health care personnel. | clusters of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in immunocompromised settings suggest person-to-person transmission. we examined whether personnel in a ward for hiv-infected patients were carriers of p. carinii. none of 29 sputum samples from 19 personnel caring for hiv-infected patients had detectable amounts of p. carinii dna, as determined by the two pcr methods used. two of 26 personnel were found, by an immunofluorescence assay, to have serum antibodies for p. carinii. the results do not s ... | 1997 | 9112300 |
| the continued occurrence of primary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia despite the availability of prophylaxis. | | 1997 | 9114218 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like dna sequences (kshv/hhv-8) in oral aids-kaposi's sarcoma: a pcr and clinicopathologic study. | recently, a new human herpesvirus (kshv/hhv-8) has been identified in classic, transplant, endemic, and aids kaposi's sarcoma that may be involved in the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma. the purpose of this study was to evaluate oral aids-kaposi's sarcoma for detection of kshv/hhv-8 dna. dna extracted from 54 oral aids-kaposi's sarcoma lesions (47 initial, 7 postvinblastine treated), 5 non-kaposi's sarcoma hiv-positive lesions, and 3 non-kaposi's sarcoma hiv-negative lesions was evaluated by po ... | 1997 | 9117759 |
| pulmonary aspergilloma and aids. a comparison of hiv-infected and hiv-negative individuals. | while pulmonary aspergilloma has been well described in immunocompetent hosts, to date and to our knowledge, there has not been a description of pulmonary aspergilloma in the hiv-infected individual. a retrospective review of cases seen by the bellevue hospital chest service from january 1992 through june 1995 identified 25 patients with aspergilloma. to investigate the impact of hiv status on pulmonary aspergilloma, we compared clinical presentation, progression of disease, treatment, and outco ... | 1997 | 9118696 |
| neutralization of interferon-gamma exacerbates pneumocystis-driven interstitial pneumonitis after bone marrow transplantation in mice. | the role of ifngamma in the development of infection-driven interstitial pneumonitis in a model of murine graft-versus-host disease was investigated. mice were given either syngeneic or allogeneic bone marrow transplants along with lung pneumocystis carinii infections and were treated with either control mab or anti-ifngamma mab. at day 21 after transplant, lung weights were elevated nearly twofold in all groups. by day 41, mice in all groups had cleared the p. carinii but only the mice given al ... | 1997 | 9120007 |
| [prevention of opportunistic infections in hiv seropositive patients. prevention of parasitic infections]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: below a threshold 200 cd4 cont, the risk of p. carinii infection is sufficiently high to propose systematic prophylaxis. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the treatment of choice for primary and secondary prevention. pentamidine-isothionate can also be used, possibly with dapsone. toxoplasmosis: there is a consensus on primary prevention in patients with positive toxoplasmosis serology whose cd4 count is under 100. trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole is the first intent ... | 1997 | 9122147 |
| population pharmacokinetics of dapsone administered biweekly to human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. | the population pharmacokinetics of dapsone were examined in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving dapsone at a dosage of 100 mg twice weekly for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was used to determine the best pharmacostatistical model for the data. a one-compartment open model with first-order absorption and elimination was used as the structural pharmacokinetic model. several covariates were tested for their influence on pharma ... | 1996 | 9124833 |
| gender differences in early suspicion of tuberculosis in hospitalized, high-risk patients during 4 epidemic years, 1987 to 1990. | to assess the degree to which, from 1987 to 1990, physicians suspected tuberculosis (tb) in the first 2 hospital days in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with pulmonary disease. | 1997 | 9131365 |
| lung parasites of shrews from pennsylvania. | we examined lung parasites of three species of soricids, sorex cinereus (n = 58), sorex fumeus (n = 23) and blarina brevicauda (n = 45) collected from pennsylvania (usa), from 1990 to 1995. yeast-like cells of hisfoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum were found in lung sections stained with grocott's modification of gomori's methenamine silver, periodic acid-schiff, giemsa, and hematoxylin-eosin in two (3%) s. cinereus, eight (35%) s. fumeus and two (4%) b. brevicauda. the number of spores of h. c ... | 1997 | 9131560 |
| [comparison of 2 dyes in the detection of pneumocystis carinii]. | to evaluate two staining procedures used in the detection of p. carinii. | 1996 | 9132888 |
| [acute respiratory failure secondary to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children]. | the objective of this study was to ascertain the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) cases admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (picu). | 1996 | 9133219 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in two cavalier king charles spaniels. | | 1997 | 9133724 |
| cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood in hiv-seropositive patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | concentrations and ex vivo production of interleukin 1 beta (il-1), tumour necrosis alpha (tnf), interleukin 6 (il-6), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) and tnf soluble receptors (stnf-receptors, p55 and p75) were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid and blood in 23 hiv-seropositive (hiv+) patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and compared with values found in healthy hiv-seronegative (hiv-) controls and asymptomatic hiv+ subjects. concentrations of the proinflamm ... | 1997 | 9134383 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa bronchopulmonary infection in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is increasingly reported as a respiratory pathogen in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease. we retrospectively reviewed the chest radiographic appearances of 29 hiv-infected adults with bronchopulmonary infection in whom pseudomonas aeruginosa was the sole respiratory pathogen isolated. the commonest radiographic abnormality was a diffuse reticular (11 patients) or reticulonodular (9 patients) infiltrate in the pulmonary interstitium. alveolar ... | 1996 | 9135463 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in two patients with hodgkin's disease. | the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in immunocompromised patients is on the increase. we describe two patients with hodgkin's disease who were proved to have p. carinii pneumonia by toluidene blue "o" (tbo) staining of their induced sputa. to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports from our country regarding p. carinii infection in patients with malignancy. | 1995 | 9136461 |
| experience with flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy. | to evaluate the usefulness of fibreoptic bronchoscopy as an investigation in respiratory medicine in sri lanka. | 1996 | 9141755 |
| a 5-year retrospective review of adverse drug reactions and their risk factors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who were receiving intravenous pentamidine therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the incidence and severity of adverse drug reactions (adrs) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons receiving intravenous pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during a 5-year period were reviewed retrospectively. predisposing risk factors for adrs were identified. adrs were included if they occurred during or within 1 week following the discontinuation of pentamidine treatment. nephrotoxicity, dysglycemia, hepatotoxicity, hyperkalemia, and hyperamylasemia accounted for 80% of ... | 1997 | 9142782 |
| etiology of solitary pulmonary nodules in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | we assessed 10 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (nine of whom had aids) and solitary pulmonary nodules (spns) that were detected on roentgenograms. five of the patients presented with respiratory symptoms. the etiology of the spn was determined for eight of these patients: six had infections (hydatidosis, mucormycosis, or infection with nocardia asteroides, cryptococcus neoformans, cytomegalovirus, or pneumocystis carinii), one had non-hodgkin's lymphoma, and the remain ... | 1997 | 9142791 |
| rapid disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals with adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis. | we studied the relation between the occurrence of adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) prophylaxis and the subsequent course of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in a cohort of homosexual men. adverse reactions to tmp-smz were associated with a more rapid progression to aids (p < .001) and death (p < .001) and with a more rapid decline in cd4+ cell counts (p = .001). the median time to progression to aids was 14.9 months in subjects with adverse reactions to tm ... | 1997 | 9142796 |
| reducing the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a persisting challenge. | | 1997 | 9143626 |
| penetration of dapsone into pulmonary lining fluid of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients. | we studied the penetration of dapsone into the epithelial lining fluid (elf) of sixteen human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients who had received the drug at a dose of 100 mg twice weekly as primary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), and venipuncture were performed for each patient at a specific time after administration of the last dose of dapsone. dapsone concentrations in plasma and bal were determined by high-performance l ... | 1997 | 9145873 |
| clinical features and outcomes of hiv-related cytomegalovirus pneumonia. | to describe the characteristics and outcomes of hiv-infected patients with biopsy-proven cytomegalovirus (cmv) pneumonia. | 1997 | 9147423 |
| dapsone penetrates cerebrospinal fluid during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis. | dapsone has been proposed as a prophylactic agent for both pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and reactivation cerebral toxoplasmosis. to determine whether dapsone penetrates the central nervous system, cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum samples were drawn from patients taking dapsone for pcp prophylaxis. these samples were quantitatively assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. five aids patients and one cardiac transplant patient had csf assayed for dapsone. only one had eviden ... | 1996 | 9147912 |
| empiric treatments impair the diagnostic yield of bal in hiv-positive patients. | to investigate the influence of empiric treatments prior to fiberoptic bronchoscopy (fob) on the diagnostic yield of bal in hiv-positive patients with respiratory symptoms. | 1997 | 9149567 |
| utility of lactate dehydrogenase vs radiographic severity in the differential diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | in patients with hiv infection, serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) level is commonly stated to be more elevated in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) than in non-pcp. we hypothesized that ldh level reflects radiographic extent and severity of pneumonia rather than p carinii infection specifically and therefore is not useful in the differential diagnosis of lung infections in aids. | 1997 | 9149568 |
| alveolar damage in aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common and serious of the pulmonary complications of aids. despite this, many basic aspects in the pathogenesis of hiv-associated p carinii pneumonia are unknown. we therefore undertook a light and electron microscopic study of transbronchial biopsy specimens to compare pathologic features of p carinii pneumonia and other hiv-related lung diseases. | 1997 | 9149569 |
| the role of alveolar macrophages in pneumocystis carinii degradation and clearance from the lung. | although studies indicate that alveolar macrophages participate in host defense against pneumocystis carinii, their role in organism degradation and clearance from the lung has not yet been established. we, therefore, quantified the uptake and degradation of 35s-labeled p. carinii by cultured macrophages, demonstrating significant degradation of p. carinii over 6 h. we further evaluated the role of macrophages in elimination of p. carinii from the living host. rats received either intratracheal ... | 1997 | 9151783 |
| survival and treatment of aids patients 1984-1993: experience of a smaller east london hiv centre. | to assess changes in survival from diagnosis of aids for patients managed in a small east london hiv clinic and the impact of therapeutic interventions on these survival patterns. | 1997 | 9155555 |
| pcr detection of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens: analysis of sensitivity and specificity. | although pcr detection of pneumocystis carinii dna has been described, little is known about the sensitivity or specificity of the assay in routine laboratory practice. we had the unique opportunity to use a bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimen bank with samples for which the direct examination results for p. carinii were known. dna purified from 129 selected specimens was amplified by using the primers described previously (a. e. wakefield, f. j. pixley, s. banerji, k. sinclair, r. f. miller, ... | 1997 | 9157136 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after renal transplantation. | | 1997 | 9158038 |
| survival benefits of pulmonary cellular activation in aids patients with pneumocystis infection. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common life-threatening, opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. between 1984 and 1987, patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) received bronchoalveolar lavages to confirm pcp diagnosis. unstained slides containing bronchoalveolar cells from 20 of these patients were stored. eight years after the last diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage, blinded investigators immunohistochemically analyzed the u ... | 1997 | 9160074 |
| usefulness of pcr for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in different patient groups. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is one of the most predominant opportunistic infectious diseases in patients with aids. nested pcr has been described as a sensitive and specific tool for detecting p. carinii dna in clinical specimens. little is known about the correlation of positive pcr results and clinical evidence of pcp in patients with different forms of immunosuppression. one hundred and thirty-six sputum samples, 26 tracheal-bronchial aspirate samples, 35 bronchoalveolar lavage sampl ... | 1997 | 9163459 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii in respiratory specimens by pcr-solution hybridization enzyme-linked immunoassay. | by using a recently developed pcr-solution hybridization enzyme-linked assay (pcr-shela), we investigated pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples and induced sputa of patients with pneumocystosis. in detecting p. carinii, pcr-shela proved more sensitive than immunofluorescence staining or a single pcr and significantly more diagnostically specific than a nested pcr. our data suggest that pcr-shela could be used to detect p. carinii organisms in respiratory samples, particula ... | 1997 | 9163489 |
| a single-tube nested pcr for pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis. | a single-tube nested pcr which amplifies the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of the rrna genes of human pneumocystis carinii was developed. the outer primers for the first pcr, which anneal to the 18s and the 26s rrna genes of p. carinii, were made to have a midpoint temperature (tm) of 74 degrees c. the inner primers for the second pcr have a tm of 56 to 58 degrees c and are specific for human p. carinii; they anneal to an area close to the beginning of its1 and the junction of its2 a ... | 1997 | 9163492 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a hiv-seronegative patient with untreated rheumatoid arthritis and cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) usually occurs in immunocompromised patients, and it is a life-threatening infection. we report the case of a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seronegative patient with untreated rheumatoid arthritis (ra), who developed fatal pcp related to uncommon cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia. although extremely rare and of uncertain aetiology, suppression of cellular immunity and subsequent opportunistic infections should be suspected in such patients. | 1997 | 9163666 |
| spectrum of clinical and laboratory characteristics of hiv infection in northern india. | to define the impact of hiv infection in india, the clinical and laboratory profile and the correlation of cd4 count to the likely opportunistic infection in a cohort of 134 hiv positive patients in northern india was analysed. majority of the patients, 72% and 67.8% (children and adults respectively) were asymptomatic, having been detected during routine screening and maintained that status for a median follow-up period of 3 years. among the symptomatic patients, oropharyngeal candidiasis was t ... | 1995 | 9163706 |
| [usefulness of chest ct in diagnosing pneumonia]. | the usefulness of chest ct in diagnosing pneumonia was evaluated by a retrospective review of 110 pneumonia cases in which both plain chest radiograph and ct were obtained. detection of abnormal opacities on chest radiograph was difficult or impossible in 9 cases (8.2%), requiring ct to detect them. the opacities which appeared consolidative, nodular, small nodular or cavitary on chest radiograph were shown as opacities of similar character on ct. on the other hand, many opacities of patchy, gro ... | 1997 | 9164115 |
| identification of porcine pneumocystis carinii as a genetically distinct organism by dna amplification. | dna was amplified from lung samples from three piglets infected with pneumocystis carinii, using oligonucleotide primers designed to the p. carinii mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal rna gene. the nucleotide sequence of the amplification product was determined and indicated lack of sequence variation among these pig-derived p. carinii samples at this locus. the data showed that porcine p. carinii was genetically distinct from p. carinii isolated from other mammalian host species. | 1997 | 9164476 |
| listeriosis after fludarabine treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | the authors report a case of listeria monocytogenes septicemia in a patient with advanced cll after a single course of fludarabine, without any other immunosuppressive therapy e.g. corticosteroids. the immunosuppressive action of fludarabine in patients who are already severely immunosuppressed must be considered from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. listeriosis and other opportunistic infections, like pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, have been reported during and after treatment with ... | 1997 | 9168306 |
| intermittent infusion of cladribine (cda) in previously treated patients with low-grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma. | thirty-six patients with previously treated low-grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma (lg-nhl) were included in a phase ii study between august 1990 and february 1994 and treated with 0.12 mg/kg cda as a 2 h.i.v. infusion daily x v, q 28 days up to 6 courses. twenty-three were refractory to previous chemotherapy while 13 were relapsed. four patients had mantle cell lymphoma, 17 follicle centre cell derived lymphoma, 7 lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas and, 8 had small lymphocytic lymphoma. the response rate w ... | 1997 | 9168441 |
| effect of smoking on the clinical progression of hiv-1 infection. | cigarette smoking as a risk factor in progression of hiv-1 disease was investigated in the multicenter aids cohort study of homosexual men. longitudinal data for t-cell subsets, hiv-related clinical symptoms, smoking behavior, and aids medication use were collected semiannually from 2,499 hiv-1-seropositive men for up to 9 years. survival methods, including kaplan-meier analysis and multivariate cox regression models, were used to assess the effect of cigarette smoking on development of pneumocy ... | 1997 | 9170420 |
| [hiv infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | on june 4, 1981, mmwr published a report about pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men in los angeles. this was the first published report. a years later, this disease was named acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). in the following year, montangier et al in france discovered the causative agent, which they called lymphadenopathy virus (lav), now known as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in 1985, solid-phase enzymeimmunoassay for the detection of the antibody to hiv was develope ... | 1997 | 9170967 |
| [the aids patient in anesthesia]. | treatment of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is very challenging, and makes great demands on the anaesthesiologist. any of an aids patient's vital organ systems may be compromised, either by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) itself, opportunistic infections, by tumours, or as a result of aids-related drug therapies. infections of the lungs (e.g., pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) are prevalent, and cardiac impairment can be found in as many as 50% of aids patients. i ... | 1997 | 9172723 |
| how successful are we in administering prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with hiv infection? | | 1997 | 9175661 |