| epigenetic modification contributes to the expression divergence of three taexpa1 homoeologs in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). | common wheat is a hexaploid species with most of the genes present as triplicate homoeologs. expression divergences of homoeologs are frequently observed in wheat, as well as in other polyploid plants. however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. expansin genes play important roles in the regulation of cell size, as well as organ size. we found that all three taexpa1 homoeologs were silenced in seedling roots. in seedling leaves, taexpa1-a and taexpa1-d were expresse ... | 2013 | 23360546 |
| effects of waterlogging on amyloplasts and programmed cell death in endosperm cells of triticum aestivum l. | the effects of waterlogging on amyloplasts and programmed cell death (pcd) in endosperm cells in chinese wheat (triticum aestivum l.; cv: hua mai 8) are here discussed. four water treatments were established from anthesis to maturity: they were 3 days of waterlogging treatment (dwt), 7 dwt, 12 dwt, and moderate water supply (the control). lugol staining and scanning electron microscopy showed decreases in the number of amyloplasts and partially filled circular cavities under the waterlogging tre ... | 2013 | 23358649 |
| tricin biosynthesis during growth of wheat under different abiotic stresses. | in plants, o-methylation is mediated by an enzyme family of o-methyltransferases (omts) that transfer the methyl groups from the methyl donor, s-adenosyl-l-methionine (adomet) to suitable phenolic acceptor molecules. in a previous study [1], a flavonoid omt (taomt2) was isolated and characterized from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. its novel gene product catalyzes three sequential o-methylations of the flavone tricetin (5,7,3',4',5'-pentahydroxyflavone) to its 3'-monomethyl-(selgin)→3',5'- ... | 2013 | 23352409 |
| dispersion and domestication shaped the genome of bread wheat. | despite the international significance of wheat, its large and complex genome hinders genome sequencing efforts. to assess the impact of selection on this genome, we have assembled genomic regions representing genes for chromosomes 7a, 7b and 7d. we demonstrate that the dispersion of wheat to new environments has shaped the modern wheat genome. most genes are conserved between the three homoeologous chromosomes. we found differential gene loss that supports current theories on the evolution of w ... | 2013 | 23346876 |
| on-farm dynamic management of genetic diversity: the impact of seed diffusions and seed saving practices on a population-variety of bread wheat. | since the domestication of crop species, humans have derived specific varieties for particular uses and shaped the genetic diversity of these varieties. here, using an interdisciplinary approach combining ethnobotany and population genetics, we document the within-variety genetic structure of a population-variety of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in relation to farmers' practices to decipher their contribution to crop species evolution. using 19 microsatellites markers, we conducted two comp ... | 2012 | 23346224 |
| increase of seed germination, growth and membrane integrity of wheat seedlings by exposure to static and a 10-khz electromagnetic field. | there is a large body of experimental data demonstrating various effects of magnetic field (mf) on plants growth and development. although the mechanism(s) of perception of mf by plants is not yet elucidated, there is a possibility that like other stimuli, mf exerts its effects on plants by changing membrane integrity and conductance of its water channels, thereby influencing growth characteristics. in this study, the seeds of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. kavir) were imbibed in water overnigh ... | 2013 | 23343429 |
| genetic and epigenetic variations induced by wheat-rye 2r and 5r monosomic addition lines. | monosomic alien addition lines (maals) can easily induce structural variation of chromosomes and have been used in crop breeding; however, it is unclear whether maals will induce drastic genetic and epigenetic alterations. | 2013 | 23342073 |
| evaluation of fresh pasta-making properties of extra-strong common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the relationship between characterictics of flour of common wheat varieties and fresh pasta-making qualitites was examined, and the fresh pasta-making properties of extra-strong varieties that have extra-strong dough were evaluated. there was a positive correlation between mixing time (pt) and hardness of boiled pasta, indicating that the hardness of boiled pasta was affected by dough properties. boiled pasta made from extra-strong varieties, yumechikara, hokkai 262 and hokkai 259, was harder th ... | 2012 | 23341748 |
| spider fauna of semiarid eastern colorado agroecosystems: diversity, abundance, and effects of crop intensification. | spiders are critical predators in agroecosystems. crop management practices can influence predator density and diversity, which, in turn, can influence pest management strategies. crop intensification is a sustainable agricultural technique that can enhance crop production although optimizing soil moisture. to date, there is no information on how crop intensification affects natural enemy populations, particularly spiders. this study had two objectives: to characterize the abundance and diversit ... | 2013 | 23339794 |
| why oviposit there? fitness consequences of a gall midge choosing the plant's youngest leaf. | for animals that lay eggs, a longstanding question is, why do females choose particular oviposition sites? for insects that lay eggs on plants there are three hypotheses: maximizing suitable habitat for juveniles, maximizing female lifespan, and maximizing egg survival. we investigated the function of the oviposition-site choice behavior of a gall midge, the hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say). in spite of living less than a day and having hundreds of eggs, the ovipositing female is choosy a ... | 2013 | 23339793 |
| isolation and characterization of a psathyrostachys huashanica keng 6ns chromosome addition in common wheat. | the development of alien addition lines is important for transferring useful genes from exotic species into common wheat. a hybrid of common wheat cv. 7182 (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) and psathyrostachys huashanica keng (2n = 2x = 14, nsns) via embryo culture produced the novel intergeneric disomic addition line 59-11. the seed morphology of 59-11 resembled the parent 7182 and it exhibited extreme agronomic characteristics, i.e., twin stable spikelets, fertile florets, and multi-kernel clusters. furt ... | 2013 | 23326537 |
| wheat oxophytodienoate reductase gene taopr1 confers salinity tolerance via enhancement of abscisic acid signaling and reactive oxygen species scavenging. | the 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductases (oprs) are classified into the two subgroups opri and oprii. the latter proteins participate in jasmonic acid synthesis, while the function of the former ones is as yet unclear. we describe here the characterization of the opri gene taopr1, isolated from the salinity-tolerant bread wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivar sr3. salinity stress induced a higher level of taopr1 expression in the seedling roots of cv sr3 than in its parental cultivar, jn177. this in ... | 2013 | 23321418 |
| spatial analysis of the cereal leaf beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in wheat. | a 2-yr study was conducted in wheat, triticum aestivum l., in south carolina involving weekly sampling of cereal leaf beetle, oulema melanopus (l.). according to the spatial analysis by distance indices (sadie) aggregation index, adults (80% of sampling date-field combinations) were more frequently aggregated than eggs (26%) and larvae (57%). spatial and temporal stability, as indicated by positive association indices among sampling dates, was significant in 27, 30, 33 and 31% of analyses for ad ... | 2012 | 23321100 |
| tricolorin a as a natural herbicide. | tricolorin a acts as pre- and post-emergence plant growth inhibitor. in pre-emergence it displays broad-spectrum weed control, inhibiting germination of both monocotyledonous (lolium mutliflorum and triticum vulgare) and dicotyledonous (physalis ixocarpa and trifolium alexandrinum) seeds, being the dicotyledonous seeds the most inhibited. tricolorin a also inhibited seedling growth, and seed respiration, and since the concentrations required for inhibiting both germination and respiration were s ... | 2013 | 23303337 |
| proteomic analysis of spring freeze-stress responsive proteins in leaves of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | following three-day exposure to -5 °c simulated spring freeze stress, wheat plants at the anther connective tissue formation phase of spike development displayed the drooping and wilting of leaves and markedly increased rates of relative electrolyte leakage. we analysed freeze-stress responsive proteins in wheat leaves at one and three days following freeze-stress exposure, using two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. our ... | 2013 | 23298682 |
| structural analysis and caco-2 cell permeability of the celiac-toxic a-gliadin peptide 31-55. | celiac disease is a chronic enteropathy caused by the ingestion of wheat gliadin and other cereal prolamines. the synthetic peptides 31-43 (p31-43) and 31-49 (p31-49) from a-gliadin are considered to be model peptides for studying innate immunity in celiac disease. our previous study demonstrated that p31-43 and p31-49 are encrypted within peptide 31-55 (p31-55), which is naturally released from gastropancreatic digestion and is not susceptible to hydrolysis by brush border membrane enzymes. her ... | 2013 | 23298305 |
| [chromosomal localization of the speltoidy gene, introgressed into bread wheat from aegilops speltoides tausch., and its interaction with the q gene of triticum spelta l]. | the differences between bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and spelt (triticum spelta l.) in the shape of the spike and threshing character are determined by the allelic status of one major q gene, mapped to the long arm of chromosome 5a. this gene is a member of the apetala2 family of transcription factors and plays an important role in domestication of wheat. in the present study, using monosomic analysis, we determined the chromosomal localization of the q(s)gene, introgressed into bread whea ... | 2012 | 23297486 |
| characterization of new loci for hessian fly resistance in common wheat. | the discovery of several new loci for resistance to hessian fly was reported here. qhf.uga-6al, the late hr61 was recognized from wheat cultivar 26r61 on the distal end of 6al with resistance to both biotypes e and vh13. it is the first gene or qtl found on this particular chromosome. qhf.uga-3dl and qhf.uga-1al, physically assigned to the deletion bins 3dl2-0.27-0.81 and 1al1-0.17-0.61, respectively, were detected for resistance to biotype vh13. both qtl should represent new loci for hessian fl ... | 2013 | 23296492 |
| discovery and development of exome-based, co-dominant single nucleotide polymorphism markers in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | globally, wheat is the most widely grown crop and one of the three most important crops for human and livestock feed. however, the complex nature of the wheat genome has, until recently, resulted in a lack of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-based molecular markers of practical use to wheat breeders. recently, large numbers of snp-based wheat markers have been made available via the use of next-generation sequencing combined with a variety of genotyping platforms. however, many of these mark ... | 2013 | 23279710 |
| genetic diversity of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) revealed by ssr markers. | | 2013 | 23274711 |
| dissection of rye chromosomes by the gametocidal system. | chromosome mutations occur in common wheat carrying a monosome of gametocidal (gc) chromosomes 2c and 3c(sat). these gc chromosomes have been known to induce chromosomal breakage in a rye chromosome 1r added to common wheat. we attempted to introduce the two gc chromosomes into the other six rye chromosome (2r to 7r) addition or substitution lines of common wheat to establish a set of chromosomal rearrangement-inducing lines for rye chromosomes. we obtained critical plants that had a pair of rye ... | 2013 | 24789968 |
| development of a self-fertile ditelosomic line for the long arm of chromosome 4b and its characterization using ssr markers. | the ditelosomic line for the long arm of chromosome 4b (4bl) of chinese spring (cs) wheat is not available because it is completely male sterile. since all deletions in the 4b short arm (4bs) cause male sterility in the homozygous condition, a male-fertility gene should be located in a distal region of 4bs. among the selfed progeny of a hybrid between a male-sterile 4bs deletion plant (4bs-8) and a japanese common wheat cultivar norin 61 (n61), we obtained self-fertile 4bs-8 homozygous deletion ... | 2013 | 24694394 |
| conditional qtl mapping of protein content in wheat with respect to grain yield and its components. | grain protein content in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is generally considered a highly heritable character that is negatively correlated with grain yield and yield-related traits. quantitative trait loci (qtl) for protein content was mapped using data on protein content and protein content conditioned on the putatively interrelated traits to evaluate possible genetic interrelationships between protein content and yield, as well as yield-related traits. phenotypic data were evaluated in a recombi ... | 2012 | 23271016 |
| [resistance of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to preharvest sprouting: an association analysis]. | a statistical analysis of the data about 1422 bread wheat accessions with estimated preharvest sprouting was carried out. close associations of preharvest sprouting resistance with the grain color and with resistance to fusarium head blight were revealed, as well as weak, but statistically significant, associations with the type of development, awnedness, and reduced height genes rht-b1 and rht-d1 (insensitive to gibberellin ga3). the pedigree analysis showed that the cluster structures of the g ... | 2012 | 23270262 |
| qtl for yield and associated traits in the seri/babax population grown across several environments in mexico, in the west asia, north africa, and south asia regions. | heat and drought adaptive quantitative trait loci (qtl) in a spring bread wheat population resulting from the seri/babax cross designed to minimize confounding agronomic traits have been identified previously in trials conducted in mexico. the same population was grown across a wide range of environments where heat and drought stress are naturally experienced including environments in mexico, west asia, north africa (wana), and south asia regions. a molecular genetic linkage map including 475 ma ... | 2013 | 23269228 |
| molecular characterization of two y-type high molecular weight glutenin subunit alleles 1ay12 and 1ay8 from cultivated einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum). | two y-type high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss) 1ay12 and 1ay8 from the two accessions pi560720 and pi345186 of cultivated einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum, aa, 2n=2x=14), were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the mobility of 1ay12 and 1ay8 was similar to that of 1dy12 and 1by8 from common wheat chinese spring, respectively. their orfs respectively consisted of 1812bp and 1935bp, encoding 602 and 643 amino acid res ... | 2013 | 23266635 |
| multi-environment analysis and improved mapping of a yield-related qtl on chromosome 3b of wheat. | improved mapping, multi-environment quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis and dissection of allelic effects were used to define a qtl associated with grain yield, thousand grain weight and early vigour on chromosome 3bl of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under abiotic stresses. the qtl had pleiotropic effects and showed qtl x environment interactions across 21 diverse environments in australia and mexico. the occurrence and the severity of water deficit combined with high temperatures during ... | 2013 | 23262551 |
| univariate and multivariate molecular spectral analyses of lipid related molecular structural components in relation to nutrient profile in feed and food mixtures. | the objectives of this study were (i) to determine lipid related molecular structures components (functional groups) in feed combination of cereal grain (barley, hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) based dried distillers grain solubles (wheat ddgss) from bioethanol processing at five different combination ratios using univariate and multivariate molecular spectral analyses with infrared fourier transform molecular spectroscopy, and (ii) to correlate lipid-related molecular-functional ... | 2013 | 23261514 |
| silver nanoparticles disrupt wheat (triticum aestivum l.) growth in a sand matrix. | hydroponic plant growth studies indicate that silver nanoparticles (ag nps) are phytotoxic. in this work, the phytotoxicity of commercial ag nps (10 nm) was evaluated in a sand growth matrix. both nps and soluble ag were recovered from water extracts of the sand after growth of plants challenged with the commercial product; the surface charge of the ag nps in this extract was slightly reduced compared to the stock nps. the ag nps reduced the length of shoots and roots of wheat in a dose-dependen ... | 2013 | 23259709 |
| composition and functional analysis of low-molecular-weight glutenin alleles with aroona near-isogenic lines of bread wheat. | low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) strongly influence the bread-making quality of bread wheat. these proteins are encoded by a multi-gene family located at the glu-a3, glu-b3 and glu-d3 loci on the short arms of homoeologous group 1 chromosomes, and show high allelic variation. to characterize the genetic and protein compositions of lmw-gs alleles, we investigated 16 aroona near-isogenic lines (nils) using sds-page, 2d-page and the lmw-gs gene marker system. moreover, the compositio ... | 2012 | 23259617 |
| the protective effect of hulls on the occurrence of alternaria mycotoxins in spelt wheat. | since there is an increasing demand on the world market for alternative crops suitable for organic production, spelt wheat (triticum aestivum spp. spelta l.) is a highly attractive farming option. alternaria species are widespread and infect a great variety of economically important crops. certain species are known producers of mycotoxins. the aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of hulls covering the spelt kernels on alternaria toxins. | 2013 | 23255302 |
| wheat centromeric retrotransposons: the new ones take a major role in centromeric structure. | the physical map of the hexaploid wheat chromosome 3b was screened using centromeric dna probes. a 1.1-mb region showing the highest number of positive bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones was fully sequenced and annotated, revealing that 96% of the dna consisted of transposable elements, mainly long terminal repeat (ltr) retrotransposons (88%). estimation of the insertion time of the transposable elements revealed that crw (also called cereba) and quinta are the youngest elements at the ... | 2013 | 23253213 |
| uptake of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plant. | perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) is a highly persistent organic pollutant which has raised many concerns in recent years. research focusing on plant uptake of pfos is very necessary when considering its risk of transfer from soil into food chain. in this work, the uptake of pfos by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) which is the most main food crop in northern china, was studied. to predict the kinetic uptake limit, the partition-dominated equilibrium sorption of pfos by roots of wheat was determined. ... | 2013 | 23245763 |
| alkali pretreatment of wheat straw (triticum aestivum) at boiling temperature for producing a bioethanol precursor. | we evaluated the effect of dilute sodium hydroxide (naoh) on wheat straw at boiling temperature for removing lignin and increasing the yield of reducing sugar. various concentrations of naoh (0.5% to 2%) were used for pretreating wheat straw at 105 °c for 10 min. scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that the 2% naoh-pretreated sample exposed more cellulose fiber. the maximum respective removal of lignin and hemicellul ... | 2012 | 23221693 |
| developmental and growth controls of tillering and water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation in contrasting wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes: can we dissect them? | in wheat, tillering and water-soluble carbohydrates (wscs) in the stem are potential traits for adaptation to different environments and are of interest as targets for selective breeding. this study investigated the observation that a high stem wsc concentration (wscc) is often related to low tillering. the proposition tested was that stem wsc accumulation is plant density dependent and could be an emergent property of tillering, whether driven by genotype or by environment. a small subset of re ... | 2013 | 23213136 |
| use of genotype x environment interactions to understand rooting depth and the ability of wheat to penetrate hard soils. | root systems are well-recognized as complex and a variety of traits have been identified as contributing to plant adaptation to the environment. a significant proportion of soil in south-western australia is prone to the formation of hardpans of compacted soil that limit root exploration and thus access to nutrients and water for plant growth. genotypic variation has been reported for root-penetration ability of wheat in controlled conditions, which has been related to field performance in these ... | 2013 | 23204508 |
| selenium (se) seed priming induced growth and biochemical changes in wheat under water deficit conditions. | insufficient stand establishment at early growth stages in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) due to drought stress is a major problem that limits overall efficiency and yield of crop. priming of seed is an effective method for raising seed performance and improving tolerance of crops to abiotic stresses especially drought. the seeds of two local wheat cultivars (kohistan-97 and pasban-90) were soaked in distilled water or sodium selenate solutions of 25, 50, 75, and 100 μm for 1/2 or 1 h at 25 °c and ... | 2013 | 23197374 |
| genomic regions associated with the nitrogen limitation response revealed in a global wheat core collection. | modern wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties in western europe have mainly been bred, and selected in conditions where high levels of nitrogen-rich fertilizer are applied. however, high input crop management has greatly increased the risk of nitrates leaching into groundwater with negative impacts on the environment. to investigate wheat nitrogen tolerance characteristics that could be adapted to low input crop management, we supplied 196 accessions of a wheat core collection of old and modern ... | 2013 | 23192671 |
| evaluation of synthetic hexaploid wheats (derivative of durum wheats and aegilops tauschii accessions) for studying genetic diversity using randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers. | synthetic hexaploid (sh) wheat derived from crossing tetraploid durum wheat and diploid aegilops tauschii provide germplasm for wheat improvement as the conventional wheat varieties possess very low genetic diversity. this study aims to identify diverse sh lines which can be used in breeding programs for transferring the desired traits into bread wheat. the study was conducted on 24 sh lines using 10 pairs of randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers. application of rapds showed the pres ... | 2013 | 23192610 |
| identification of a novel homolog for a calmodulin-binding protein that is upregulated in alloplasmic wheat showing pistillody. | intracellular signaling pathways between the mitochondria and the nucleus are important in both normal and abnormal development in plants. the homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (a phenomenon termed pistillody) in cytoplasmic substitution (alloplasmic) lines of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) has been suggested to be induced by mitochondrial retrograde signaling, one of the forms of intracellular communication. we showed previously that the mitochondrial gene orf260 c ... | 2013 | 23192388 |
| analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole-genome shotgun sequencing. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is a globally important crop, accounting for 20 per cent of the calories consumed by humans. major efforts are underway worldwide to increase wheat production by extending genetic diversity and analysing key traits, and genomic resources can accelerate progress. but so far the very large size and polyploid complexity of the bread wheat genome have been substantial barriers to genome analysis. here we report the sequencing of its large, 17-gigabase-pair, hexaploid ... | 2012 | 23192148 |
| alginate oligosaccharides enhanced triticum aestivum l. tolerance to drought stress. | alginate oligosaccharides (aos) prepared from degradation of alginate is a potent plant elicitor. hydroponic experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanism of aos on improving triticum aestivum l. resistant ability to drought stress. drought model was simulated by exposing the roots of wheat to polyethylene glycol-6000 (peg-6000) solution (150 g l(-1)) for 4 days and the growth of wheat treated with peg was significantly decreased. however, after aos application, seedling and root len ... | 2013 | 23178482 |
| [dynamic changes of photosynthetic characteristics in big-spike wheat yield formation]. | a field experiment was conducted to investigate the yield traits, leaf photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content (chl), and leaf area index (lai) of eight new big-spike wheat lines, with multiple-spike cultivar xinong 979 (triticum aestivum cv. xinong 979) as the control. the eight new lines had significantly higher kernel numbers per spike, kernel qualities, and 1000-grain mass but lower spike numbers per unit area, and the lines 2036, 2037, 2038, and 2040 ha ... | 2012 | 23173458 |
| molecular characterization of lmw-gs genes in brachypodium distachyon l. reveals highly conserved glu-3 loci in triticum and related species. | brachypodium distachyon l. is a newly emerging model plant system for temperate cereal crop species. however, its grain protein compositions are still not clear. in the current study, we carried out a detailed proteomics and molecular genetics study on grain glutenin proteins in b. distachyon. | 2012 | 23171363 |
| bread wheat quality: some physical, chemical and rheological characteristics of syrian and english bread wheat samples. | the relationships between breadmaking quality, kernel properties (physical and chemical), and dough rheology were investigated using flours from six genotypes of syrian wheat lines, comprising both commercially grown cultivars and advanced breeding lines. genotypes were grown in 2008/2009 season in irrigated plots in the eastern part of syria. grain samples were evaluated for vitreousness, test weight, 1000-kernel weight and then milled and tested for protein content, ash, and water content. dou ... | 2012 | 28239087 |
| efficacy and value of prophylactic vs. integrated pest management approaches for management of cereal leaf beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in wheat and ramifications for adoption by growers. | cereal leaf beetle, oulema melanopus l., can be effectively managed in southeastern u.s. wheat, triticum aestivum l., with scouting and a single insecticide treatment, applied at the recommended economic threshold. however, many growers eschew this approach for a prophylactic treatment, often tank mixed with a nitrogen application before wheat growth stage 30. the efficacy of a prophylactic and an integrated pest management (ipm) approach was compared for 2 yr using small plot studies in north c ... | 2012 | 23156157 |
| shifts of functional gene representation in wheat rhizosphere microbial communities under elevated ozone. | although the influence of ozone (o(3)) on plants has been well studied in agroecosystems, little is known about the effect of elevated o(3) (eo(3)) on soil microbial functional communities. here, we used a comprehensive functional gene array (geochip 3.0) to investigate the functional composition, and structure of rhizosphere microbial communities of yannong 19 (o(3)-sensitive) and yangmai 16 (o(3)-relatively sensitive) wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars under eo(3). compared with ambient o( ... | 2013 | 23151639 |
| a microscale model for combined co(2) diffusion and photosynthesis in leaves. | transport of co(2) in leaves was investigated by combining a 2-d, microscale co(2) transport model with photosynthesis kinetics in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. the biophysical microscale model for gas exchange featured an accurate geometric representation of the actual 2-d leaf tissue microstructure and accounted for diffusive mass exchange of co(2.) the resulting gas transport equations were coupled to the biochemical farquhar-von caemmerer-berry model for photosynthesis. the combined m ... | 2012 | 23144870 |
| identification of osmotic stress-responsive genes from leymus mollis, a wild relative of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the tolerance of the dune grass leymus mollis (triticeae; poaceae) to various biotic and abiotic stresses makes it a very useful genetic resource for wheat breeding. wide hybridization between l. mollis and wheat allows the introduction of leymus chromosomes into the wheat genetic background and facilitates the integration of useful traits into wheat. however, the genetic basis controlling the physiological tolerance of l. mollis to multiple environmental stresses remains largely unexplored. usi ... | 2012 | 23136517 |
| evaluation of the effects of five qtl regions on fusarium head blight resistance and agronomic traits in spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | fusarium head blight (fhb) is an important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the aim of this study was to determine the effects of quantitative trait locus (qtl) regions for resistance to fhb and estimate their effects on reducing fhb damage to wheat in hokkaido, northern japan. we examined 233 f(1)-derived doubled-haploid (dh) lines from a cross between 'kukeiharu 14' and 'sumai 3' to determine their reaction to fhb during two seasons under field conditions. the dh lines were genotyped a ... | 2012 | 23136509 |
| immunogenicity of monococcum wheat in celiac patients. | research is intense to find wheat of low or null toxicity for patients with celiac disease (cd). among candidates, there are diploid wheat species. | 2012 | 23134879 |
| tamir159 directed wheat tagamyb cleavage and its involvement in anther development and heat response. | in arabidopsis and rice, mir159-regulated gamyb-like family transcription factors function in flower development and gibberellin (ga) signaling in cereal aleurone cells. in this study, the involvement of mir159 in the regulation of its putative target tagamyb and its relationship to wheat development were investigated. first, we demonstrated that cleavage of tagamyb1 and tagamyb2 was directed by mir159 using 5'-race and a transient expression system. second, we overexpressed tamir159, tagamyb1 a ... | 2012 | 23133634 |
| comparative analysis of syntenic genes in grass genomes reveals accelerated rates of gene structure and coding sequence evolution in polyploid wheat. | cycles of whole-genome duplication (wgd) and diploidization are hallmarks of eukaryotic genome evolution and speciation. polyploid wheat (triticum aestivum) has had a massive increase in genome size largely due to recent wgds. how these processes may impact the dynamics of gene evolution was studied by comparing the patterns of gene structure changes, alternative splicing (as), and codon substitution rates among wheat and model grass genomes. in orthologous gene sets, significantly more acquired ... | 2013 | 23124323 |
| phytosiderophore release by wheat genotypes differing in zinc deficiency tolerance grown with zn-free nutrient solution as affected by salinity. | there is limited information concerning the effect of salinity on phytosiderophores exudation from wheat roots. the aim of this hydroponic experiment was to investigate the effect of salinity on phytosiderophore release by roots of three bread wheat genotypes differing in zn efficiency (triticum aestivum l. cvs. rushan, kavir, and cross) under zn deficiency conditions. wheat seedlings were transferred to zn-free nutrient solutions and exposed to three salinity levels (0, 60, and 120 mm nacl). th ... | 2013 | 23122914 |
| jacalin domain in wheat jasmonate-regulated protein ta-ja1 confers agglutinating activity and pathogen resistance. | ta-ja1 is a jacalin-like lectin from wheat (triticum aestivum) plants. to date, its homologs are only observed in the gramineae family. our previous experiments have demonstrated that ta-ja1 contains a modular structure consisting of an n-terminal dirigent domain and a c-terminal jacalin-related lectin domain (jrl) and this protein exhibits a mannose-specific lectin activity. the over-expression of ta-ja1 gene provides transgenic plants a broad-spectrum resistance to diseases. here, we report th ... | 2013 | 23116711 |
| [the impact of ty3-gypsy group retrotransposon lila on d-genome specificity of wheat triticum aestivum l]. | an analysis of the primary structure of bac clone 112d20 t. aestivum, that contains d-genome specific ty3-gypsy-retrotransposon lila is presented. pcr analysis of nulli-tetrasomic and deletion lines of t. aestivum allowed to localize this bac clone in the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 5d. characteristic feature of bac clone 112d20 is a high concentration of ty3-gypsy-retrotransposons (61.7%), and low content of the genes (1.2%). only a single open reading frame was revealed homolog ... | 2012 | 23113346 |
| how important are conidial appendages? | the genus the genus dinemasporium is used as a case study to evaluate the importance of conidial appendages for generic level classification of coelomycetous fungi. based on morphology and sequence data of the large subunit nuclear ribosomal rna gene (lsu, 28s) and the internal transcribed spacers and 5.8s rrna gene of the nrdna operon, the genus dinemasporium is circumscribed, and an epitype designated for d. strigosum, the type of the genus. a further five species are introduced in dinemaspori ... | 2012 | 23105158 |
| dominance of a 675 nm chlorophyll(ide) form upon selective 632.8 or 654 nm laser illumination after partial protochlorophyllide phototransformation. | the phototransformation pathways of protochlorophyllide forms were studied in 8-14-day-old leaves of dark-germinated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using white, 632.8 nm he-ne laser and 654 nm laser diode light. the photon flux density (pfd) values (0.75-360 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1)), the illumination periods (20 ms-10 s) and the temperature of the leaves (between -60 °c and room temperature) were varied. the 77 k fluorescence spectra of partially phototransformed leaves showed gradual accumulatio ... | 2012 | 23104011 |
| [induction of heat resistance in wheat coleoptiles by salicylic and succinic acids: connection of the effect with the generation and neutralization of active oxygen forms]. | the influence of salicylic (saa) and succinic (sua) acids on the generation of active oxygen forms (aofs) and the heat resistance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) coleoptiles has been studied. the treatment of coleoptiles with 10 microm saa or sua results in the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and enhanced formation of a superoxide anion radical. this effect is partially suppressed by both alpha-naphthol (the nadph oxidase inhibitor) and salicylhydroxamic acid (peroxidase inhibitor). saa and su ... | 2017 | 23101394 |
| effects of a novel poly (aa-co-aam)/alznfe₂o₄/potassium humate superabsorbent hydrogel nanocomposite on water retention of sandy loam soil and wheat seedling growth. | a novel poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)alznfe₂o₄/potassium humate( )superabsorbent hydrogel nanocomposite (phnc) was synthesized and its physical properties characterized using sem, energy dispersive x-ray (edx) and ftir spectroscopic techniques. air dried sandy loam soil was amended with 0.1 to 0.4 w/w% of phnc to evaluate its soil moisture retention attributes. effect of phnc amendment on ph, electrical conductivity (ec), porosity, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity of sandy loam soil wa ... | 2012 | 23099615 |
| effects of magnetic field on cell dedifferentiation and callus induction derived from embryo culture in bread wheat (triticum aestivum. l) genotypes. | current study was conducted to investigation of effect of magnetic field on cell dedifferentiation and follow it callus induction derived from mature embryo culture in bread wheat genotypes. for this purpose, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was carried out with two wheat genotypes and three level of magnetic field strength (0.0, 8.8 and 17.6 tesla) in three replications. callus growth rate (cgr), relative growth rate (rgr), callus relative growth rate (crgr), percent ... | 2013 | 23090480 |
| influence of nine antibiotics on key secondary metabolites and physiological characteristics in triticum aestivum: leaf volatiles as a promising new tool to assess toxicity. | extensive worldwide use of antibiotics has resulted in significant diffuse pollution of antibiotics in environment, but understanding the effects of many important antibiotics on plant physiological activity is still limited, especially at realistic environmental concentrations of antibiotics. to gain insight into influences of different antibiotics on plant performance and identify the most promising traits for fast assessment of toxicity, we studied impacts of nine antibiotics (amoxicillin, am ... | 2013 | 23084040 |
| potential of antioxidant enzymes in depicting drought tolerance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | in an effort to determine the biochemical markers for identifying genotypes before sowing for drought tolerance, changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined in the seedlings of five drought-tolerant and five drought-sensitive wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes, each with different genetic background growing under normal and water deficit conditions induced by 6% mannitol. in comparison with non-stressed seedlings, the catalase (cat) activity was upregulated by more than 50% ... | 2012 | 23077787 |
| [phenotypic effects of puroindoline gene alleles of bread wheat]. | 85 winter bread wheat varieties and lines that have been developed mostly in ukraine were analyzed with nir for parameters of hardness and protein content. the hardness data were compared with the data of puroindoline gene alleles analysis done earlier and the published data. significant variation of parameters of hardness was revealed when there was low polymorphism of puroindoline genes indicating the presence of additional genes that influence the hardness parameters. | 2012 | 23074957 |
| zinc induced phytotoxicity mechanism involved in root growth of triticum aestivum l. | this study investigated the inhibition mechanism of root growth in wheat seedlings when exposed to different zinc (zn) concentrations. all applied zn concentration did not affect seed germination, but reduced root length; in contrast, only zn at 3mm inhibited significantly the growth of shoot. the loss of cell viability and the significant increases of lignification as well as the increases of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), superoxide radical (o(2)(-)) and malondialdehyde levels were observed in ... | 2012 | 23067545 |
| a study of the role of gene tamyb2 and an associated snp in dehydration tolerance in common wheat. | the myeloblastosis oncogenes (myb) are one of the important transcription factors that facilitate induction of various developmental and stress responsive genes. they are hence, emerging as key players in improving stress tolerance of plants in response to several abiotic stresses. therefore, isolation and characterization of these genes, development of transgenics and functional molecular markers for useful alleles is central to various crop improvement programs. in this manuscript, we for the ... | 2012 | 23065204 |
| comparative analysis of genome composition in triticeae reveals strong variation in transposable element dynamics and nucleotide diversity. | a 454 sequencing snapshot was utilised to investigate the genome composition and nucleotide diversity of transposable elements (tes) for several triticeae taxa, including triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare, hordeum spontaneum and secale cereale together with relatives of the a, b and d genome donors of wheat, triticum urartu (a), aegilops speltoides (s) and aegilops tauschii (d). additional taxa containing the a genome, triticum monococcum and its wild relative triticum boeoticum, were also incl ... | 2013 | 23057663 |
| effects of ion beams pretreatment on damage of uv-b radiation on seedlings of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the seeds of winter wheat were pretreated with three different doses of low-energy n(+) beams, and its seedlings were subjected to uv-b irradiation (10.08 kj m(-2) day(-1)) at three-leaves stage. the growth characteristic of seeds, the oxidative damage to membrane system induced by uv-b radiation, and the alleviating effects of n(+) beams pretreatment to radiation damage were investigated. the results showed that the germination rate and seedling rate, respectively, increased 14.09 ± 1.03 and 13 ... | 2012 | 23054823 |
| single-copy gene fluorescence in situ hybridization and genome analysis: acc-2 loci mark evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements in wheat. | fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) is a useful tool for physical mapping of chromosomes and studying evolutionary chromosome rearrangements. here we report a robust method for single-copy gene fish for wheat. fish probes were developed from cdna of cytosolic acetyl-coa carboxylase (accase) gene (acc-2) and mapped on chromosomes of bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd), and related diploid and tetraploid species. another nine full-length (fl) cdna fish probes were mapped ... | 2012 | 23052335 |
| anther extrusion and plant height are associated with type i resistance to fusarium head blight in bread wheat line 'shanghai-3/catbird'. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is a destructive wheat disease of global importance. resistance breeding depends heavily on the fhb1 gene. the cimmyt line shanghai-3/catbird (sha3/cbrd) is a promising source without this gene. a recombinant inbred line (ril) population from the cross of sha3/cbrd with the german spring wheat cv. naxos was evaluated for fhb resistance and related traits in field trials using spray and spawn inoculation in norway and point inoculation in china. after spray and spawn in ... | 2013 | 23052019 |
| phytochemical profile and nutraceutical value of old and modern common wheat cultivars. | among health-promoting phytochemicals in whole grains, phenolic compounds have gained attention as they have strong antioxidant properties and can protect against many degenerative diseases. aim of this study was to profile grain phenolic extracts of one modern and five old common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties and to evaluate their potential antiproliferative or cytoprotective effect in different cell culture systems.wheat extracts were characterized in terms of antioxidant activity and ... | 2012 | 23049918 |
| a novel wheat α-amylase inhibitor gene, tahps, significantly improves the salt and drought tolerance of transgenic arabidopsis. | on the basis of microarray analyses of the salt-tolerant wheat mutant rh8706-49, a previously unreported salt-induced gene, designated as tahps [triticum aestivum hypothetical (hps)-like protein], was cloned. real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that expression of the gene was induced by abscisic acid, salt and drought. the encoded protein was found to be localized mainly in the plasma membranes. transgenic arabidopsis plants overexpressing tahps were more tolerant to ... | 2013 | 23039848 |
| comparative transcriptome profiling in winter wheat grown under different agricultural practices. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.), one of the three most important cereal crops worldwide, has a dominant position in europe due to its adaptability and consumer acceptance particularly as an organic food commodity. organic agriculture is developing rapidly, and its authenticity is presently a subject of great concern to food authorities, as incorrect labeling can represent commercial fraud. a comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted on winter wheat flag leaves of several cultivars growing i ... | 2012 | 23039160 |
| will intra-specific differences in transpiration efficiency in wheat be maintained in a high co₂ world? a face study. | this study evaluates whether the target breeding trait of superior leaf level transpiration efficiency is still appropriate under increasing carbon dioxide levels of a future climate using a semi-arid cropping system as a model. specifically, we investigated whether physiological traits governing leaf level transpiration efficiency, such as net assimilation rates (a(net)), stomatal conductance (g(s)) or stomatal sensitivity were affected differently between two triticum aestivum l. cultivars dif ... | 2013 | 23035842 |
| growth, photosynthetic activity and oxidative stress in wheat (triticum aestivum) after exposure of lead to soil. | the present study was conducted to assess quantitative information about lead (pb) contamination in soil on the growth and physiology of wheat. solutions with three different concentrations of pb as [pb(no3)2 at 500, 1000 and 2500 microm] were incorporated into the soil to achieve pb-stressed conditions in comparison to unstressed, water treated, control variant. wheat growth measured in terms of root length, shoot length and dry weight exhibited a significant decline with increasing pb concentr ... | 2012 | 23033692 |
| the introgression of rnai silencing of γ-gliadins into commercial lines of bread wheat changes the mixing and technological properties of the dough. | in the present work the effects on dough quality by the down-regulation of γ-gliadins in different genetic backgrounds of bread wheat were investigated. rnai-mediated silencing of γ-gliadins was introgressed by conventional crossing into three commercial bread wheat lines (namely 'gazul', 'podenco' and 'arpain'), and along with the transgenic line a1152 (cv. bobwhite) compared with their respective wild types. the protein fractions were quantified by rp-hplc, whereas the technological and mixing ... | 2012 | 23029328 |
| responses of seedling growth and antioxidant activity to excess iron and copper in triticum aestivum l. | the purpose of this study was to analyze phytotoxicity mechanism involved in root growth and to compare physiological changes in the leaves of wheat seedlings exposed to short term iron (fe) and copper (cu) stresses (0, 100, 300 and 500μm). all applied fe or cu concentrations reduced root and shoot lengths, but seed germination was inhibited by cu only at 500μm. analyses using fluorescent dye 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate indicated enhanced h(2)o(2) levels in seedling roots under fe ... | 2012 | 23025893 |
| transcriptome-scale homoeolog-specific transcript assemblies of bread wheat. | bread wheat is one of the world's most important food crops and considerable efforts have been made to develop genomic resources for this species. this includes an on-going project by the international wheat genome sequencing consortium to assemble its large and complex genome, which is hexaploid and contains three closely related 'homoeologous' copies for each chromosome. this multi-national effort avoids the complications polyploidy entails for correct assembly of the genome by sequencing flow ... | 2012 | 22989011 |
| [identity of the rht-11 and rht-b1e reduced plant height genes]. | the rht (reduced plant height) genes provided a basis for the "green revolution", which led to a substantial increase in wheat productivity. more than 20 rht genes are now known in wheat, rht-b1 and rht-11 being among the most important ones. analysis of a segregating f2 population and molecular analysis of the common wheat cultivars carrying the rht-11 gene showed that the rht-11 and rht-b1e genes are identical. | 2012 | 22988778 |
| ecophysiology of nickel phytoaccumulation: a simplified biophysical approach. | solute active transport or exclusion by plants can be identified by the values of the transpiration stream concentration factor (tscf=xylem:solution solute concentration ratio). the aim of this study was to estimate this parameter for ni uptake by the ni-hyperaccumulator leptoplax emarginata or the ni-excluder triticum aestivum cultivar 'fidel'. the intact plant tscf for nickel (iptscf(ni)) was calculated as the ratio between the nickel mass accumulation in the leaves and the nickel concentratio ... | 2012 | 22987839 |
| waxy genes from spelt wheat: new alleles for modern wheat breeding and new phylogenetic inferences about the origin of this species. | waxy proteins are responsible for amylose synthesis in wheat seeds, being encoded by three waxy genes (wx-a1, wx-b1 and wx-d1) in hexaploid wheat. in addition to their role in starch quality, waxy loci have been used to study the phylogeny of wheat. the origin of european spelt (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) is not clear. this study compared waxy gene sequences of a spanish spelt collection with their homologous genes in emmer (t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum), durum (t. turgidum ssp. durum) and comm ... | 2012 | 22984164 |
| acclimation of leaf nitrogen to vertical light gradient at anthesis in wheat is a whole-plant process that scales with the size of the canopy. | vertical leaf nitrogen (n) gradient within a canopy is classically considered as a key adaptation to the local light environment that would tend to maximize canopy photosynthesis. we studied the vertical leaf n gradient with respect to the light gradient for wheat (triticum aestivum) canopies with the aims of quantifying its modulation by crop n status and genetic variability and analyzing its ecophysiological determinants. the vertical distribution of leaf n and light was analyzed at anthesis f ... | 2012 | 22984122 |
| identification of the tabtf3 gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and the effect of its silencing on wheat chloroplast, mitochondria and mesophyll cell development. | the full-length cdna (882bp) and dna (1742bp) sequences encoding a basic transcription factor 3, designated as tabtf3, were first isolated from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). subcellular localization studies revealed that the tabtf3 protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. in tabtf3-silenced transgenic wheat seedlings obtained using the virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) method, the chlorophyll pigment content was markedly reduced. however, the malonaldehyde (mda) and h(2) ... | 2012 | 22982315 |
| expression of α-amylase inhibitors in diploid triticum species. | the aim of the work was to characterize the expression of various α-amylase inhibitors (αais), well known anti-nutritional compounds, for the development of healthier diploid wheat-based functional foods. the salt-soluble protein fractions from the seeds of 53 accessions among triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum (t.m.), t. monococcum subsp. boeoticum (t.b.) and triticum urartu (t.u.) were analyzed by immunoblotting after sds-page and urea-page using polyclonal antibodies (pabs) raised against ... | 2012 | 22980853 |
| metabolite profiling of a diverse collection of wheat lines using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | genetic differences among major types of wheat are well characterized; however, little is known about how these distinctions affect the small molecule profile of the wheat seed. ethanol/water (65% v/v) extracts of seed from 45 wheat lines representing 3 genetically distinct classes, tetraploid durum (triticum turgidum subspecies durum) (dw) and hexaploid hard and soft bread wheat (t. aestivum subspecies aestivum) (bw) were subjected to ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of- ... | 2012 | 22957002 |
| mapping of wheat mitochondrial mrna termini and comparison with breakpoints in dna homology among plants. | mitochondrial dna rearrangements occur very frequently in flowering plants and when close to genes there must be concomitant acquisition of new regulatory cis-elements. to explore whether there might be limits to such dna shuffling, we have mapped the termini of mitochondrial mrnas in wheat, a monocot, and compared them to the known positions for counterpart genes in the eudicot arabidopsis. nine genes share homologous 3' utrs over their full-length and for six of them, the termini map very clos ... | 2012 | 22956245 |
| the role of protein hydrophobicity in thionin-phospholipid interactions: a comparison of α1 and α2-purothionin adsorbed anionic phospholipid monolayers. | the plant defence proteins α1- and α2-purothionin (pth) are type 1 thionins from common wheat (triticum aestivum). these highly homologous proteins possess characteristics common amongst antimicrobial peptides and proteins, that is, cationic charge, amphiphilicity and hydrophobicity. both α1- and α2-pth possess the same net charge, but differ in relative hydrophobicity as determined by c18 reversed phase hplc. brewster angle microscopy, x-ray and neutron reflectometry, external reflection ftir a ... | 2012 | 22955734 |
| [chromosome pairing in wheat-rye abdr hybrids depends on the microsporogenesis pattern]. | the character of chromosome pairing in meiocytes was studied in f1 wheat-rye triticum aestivum l. x secale cereale l. (abdr, 4x = 28) hybrids with three types of chromosome behavior: reductional, equational, and equational + reductional. a high variation of the frequencies of bivalents and ring univalents was observed in meiocytes with the reductional or equational + reductional type of chromosome behavior. the type of chromosome division was found to affect the bivalent and ring univalent frequ ... | 2012 | 22946327 |
| [immunotoxicologic assessment of genetically modified drought-resistant wheat t349 with gmdreb1]. | to assess the immunotoxicologic effects of genetically modified drought resistant wheat t349 with gmdreb1 gene. | 2012 | 22943906 |
| cerealsdb 2.0: an integrated resource for plant breeders and scientists. | food security is an issue that has come under renewed scrutiny amidst concerns that substantial yield increases in cereal crops are required to feed the world's booming population. wheat is of fundamental importance in this regard being one of the three most important crops for both human consumption and livestock feed; however, increase in crop yields have not kept pace with the demands of a growing world population. in order to address this issue, plant breeders require new molecular tools to ... | 2012 | 22943283 |
| marker-assisted selection of high molecular weight glutenin alleles related to bread-making quality in iranian common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | bread-making quality in hexaploid wheats is a complex trait. it has been shown that the amount and composition of protein can influence dough rheological properties. the high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenins are encoded by a complex locus, glu-1, on the long arm of group-1 homoeologus chromosome of the a, b and d genomes. in this work we used pcr-based dna markers as a substitution tool to distinguish wheat bread-making quality. we detected pcr-based dna markers for coding sequence of glu-a1x, g ... | 2012 | 22942089 |
| introgression of a leaf rust resistance gene from aegilops caudata to bread wheat. | rusts are the most important biotic constraints limiting wheat productivity worldwide. deployment of cultivars with broad spectrum rust resistance is the only environmentally viable option to combat these diseases. identification and introgression of novel sources of resistance is a continuous process to combat the ever evolving pathogens. the germplasm of nonprogenitor aegilops species with substantial amount of variability has been exploited to a limited extent. in the present investigation in ... | 2012 | 22942085 |
| development of chromosome-arm-specific microsatellite markers in triticum aestivum (poaceae) using ngs technology. | the aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of developing chromosome-arm-specific microsatellite markers in wheat on a large scale based on chromosome survey sequences obtained with next-generation sequencing (ngs) technology. | 2012 | 22935363 |
| intraspecific sequence comparisons reveal similar rates of non-collinear gene insertion in the b and d genomes of bread wheat. | polyploidization is considered one of the main mechanisms of plant genome evolution. the presence of multiple copies of the same gene reduces selection pressure and permits sub-functionalization and neo-functionalization leading to plant diversification, adaptation and speciation. in bread wheat, polyploidization and the prevalence of transposable elements resulted in massive gene duplication and movement. as a result, the number of genes which are non-collinear to genomes of related species see ... | 2012 | 22935214 |
| studies on wheat bran arabinoxylan for its immunostimulatory and protective effects against avian coccidiosis. | wheat (triticum aestivum) bran derived polysaccharides, arabinoxylans (axs), were evaluated for their immunostimulatory and protective efficacy against eimeria infection in chickens. humoral response revealed significantly higher (p<0.05) total igs, igg and igm titers at days 7th and 14th post primary and secondary injections of sheep red blood cells in the experimental chickens administered with axs as compared to those of control group. the percent protection and daily weight gains were signif ... | 2012 | 24751049 |
| breeding for the future: what are the potential impacts of future frost and heat events on sowing and flowering time requirements for australian bread wheat (triticum aestivium) varieties? | extreme climate, especially temperature, can severely reduce wheat yield. as global warming has already begun to increase mean temperature and the occurrence of extreme temperatures, it has become urgent to accelerate the 5-20 year process of breeding for new wheat varieties, to adapt to future climate. we analyzed the patterns of frost and heat events across the australian wheatbelt based on 50 years of historical records (1960-2009) for 2864 weather stations. flowering dates of three contrasti ... | 2012 | 24501066 |
| three-dimensional temporal and spatial distribution of adult rhyzopertha dominica in stored wheat and corn under different temperatures, moisture contents, and adult densities. | three-dimensional temporal and spatial distributions of adult rhyzopertha dominica (f.) at adult densities of 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 adults per kg grain and at 20 +/- 1, 25 +/- 1, and 30 +/- 1 degrees c were determined in 1.5 t bins filled with wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with 11.0 +/- 0.8, 13.0 +/- 0.6, and 15.0 +/- 0.5% moisture content (wet basis) or corn (zea mays l.) with 13.0 +/- 0.2% moisture content (wet basis). at each of five sampled locations, grain was separated into three 15-kg vertica ... | 2012 | 22928298 |
| bacterial putative metacaspase structure from geobacter sulfureducens as a template for homology modeling of type ii triticum aestivum metacaspase (taemcaii). | metacaspases, cysteine proteases belonging to the peptidase c14 family, are suspected of being involved in the programmed cell death of plants, although their sequences and substrate specificity differ from those of animal caspases. at present, the knowledge on the metacaspase reaction mechanism is based only on biochemical data and homology models constructed on caspase templates. here we propose a novel template for metacaspase modeling and demonstrate important advantages in comparison to the ... | 2012 | 22924162 |
| combining peak- and chromatogram-based retention time alignment algorithms for multiple chromatography-mass spectrometry datasets. | modern analytical methods in biology and chemistry use separation techniques coupled to sensitive detectors, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms). these hyphenated methods provide high-dimensional data. comparing such data manually to find corresponding signals is a laborious task, as each experiment usually consists of thousands of individual scans, each containing hundreds or even thousands of distinct signals. in order to all ... | 2012 | 22920415 |
| abiotic stress-responsive expression of wali1 and wali5 genes from wheat. | two cdna clones, encoding aluminum-responsive wali1 and wali5, were identified in dehydration stress-specific cdna library from wheat. their sequence variations and structural dissimilarities indicated them to be non-homologous genes. expression of both genes was induced by various abiotic stresses as well as in response to plant hormones and oxidative molecules. further, they were expressed differentially in shoot and root tissues of wheat seedlings, their transcripts being specifically abundan ... | 2012 | 22918504 |