| fgric8 is involved in regulating vegetative growth, conidiation, deoxynivalenol production and virulence in fusarium graminearum. | proteins of the resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8 (ric8) group act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (gefs) and play important roles in regulating g-protein signaling in animals. in filamentous fungi, putative ric8 orthologs have so far been identified in magnaporthe oryzae, neurospora crassa, aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus. here, we report the functional investigation of a potential ric8 ortholog (fgric8) in the wheat head blight pathogen fusarium graminearum. ta ... | 2015 | 26341536 |
| functional analysis of sterol transporter orthologues in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. | polarized growth in filamentous fungi needs a continuous supply of proteins and lipids to the growing hyphal tip. one of the important membrane compounds in fungi is ergosterol. at the apical plasma membrane ergosterol accumulations, which are called sterol-rich plasma membrane domains (srds). the exact roles and formation mechanism of the srds remained unclear, although the importance has been recognized for hyphal growth. transport of ergosterol to hyphal tips is thought to be important for th ... | 2015 | 26116213 |
| a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of a standard voriconazole regimen in different cyp2c19 genotypes by monte carlo simulation. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the standard voriconazole dosage regimen (maintenance dose was 200 mg bid orally) against aspergillus infections in different cyp2c19 genotypes from a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) perspective. | 2015 | 26062298 |
| the aspergillus fumigatus septins play pleiotropic roles in septation, conidiation, and cell wall stress, but are dispensable for virulence. | septins are a conserved family of gtpases that regulate important cellular processes such as cell wall integrity, and septation in fungi. the requirement of septins for virulence has been demonstrated in the human pathogenic yeasts candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans, as well as the plant pathogen magnaporthe oryzae. aspergillus spp. contains five genes encoding for septins (aspa-e). while the importance of septins aspa, aspb, aspc, and aspe for growth and conidiation has been elucidate ... | 2015 | 26051489 |
| the gβ-like protein cpcb is required for hyphal growth, conidiophore morphology and pathogenicity in aspergillus fumigatus. | cpcb (cross pathway control b) encodes a yeast cpc2 and mammalian rack1 (receptor for activated protein kinase c) ortholog, which is a wd repeat protein with functional homology to the β subunit of heterotrimeric g proteins in aspergillus fumigatus. previous study has reported that cpcb governs growth and development in both a. fumigatus and aspergillus nidulans. however, little is known about the functional identities of cpcb orthologs and their relationships with g protein complexes. in this s ... | 2015 | 25892048 |
| conserved and varied dinucleotide sequences in the genomes of three aspergillus species. | both guanine-cytosine content and nucleosome occupancy are higher in exons than in introns. in this study, the association between the frequencies of the dinucleotide sequences and the nucleosome occupancy of the exons and introns of the genes of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus nidulans, and aspergillus oryzae was studied. the frequency of the dinucleotide sequences aa (tt), at, and ta in the introns was more than that in the exons. in addition, the frequency of these sequences in the regions ... | 2014 | 25564023 |
| calcium signaling mediates antifungal activity of triazole drugs in the aspergilli. | azoles are widely applied and largely effective as antifungals; however, the increasing prevalence of clinically resistant isolates has yet to be matched by approaches to improve the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy. in this study, using the model fungus aspergillus nidulans and one of the most common human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus as research materials, we present the evidence that calcium signaling is involved in the azole-antifungals-induced stress-response reactions. in normal media, ... | 2015 | 25554700 |
| divergent targets of aspergillus fumigatus acuk and acum transcription factors during growth in vitro versus invasive disease. | in aspergillus nidulans, the acuk and acum transcription factors form a complex that regulates gluconeogenesis. in aspergillus fumigatus, acum governs gluconeogenesis and iron acquisition in vitro and virulence in immunosuppressed mice. however, the function of acuk was previously unknown. through in vitro studies, we found that a. fumigatus δacuk single and δacuk δacum double mutants had impaired gluconeogenesis and iron acquisition, similar to the δacum mutant. also, the δacuk, δacum, and δacu ... | 2015 | 25534941 |
| the apses family proteins in fungi: characterizations, evolution and functions. | the apses protein family belongs to transcriptional factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) class, the originally described members (apses: asm1p, phd1p, sok2p, efg1p and stuap) are used to designate this group of proteins, and they have been identified as key regulators of fungal development and other biological processes. apses proteins share a highly conserved dna-binding domain (apses domain) of about 100 amino acids, whose central domain is predicted to form a typical bhlh structure. b ... | 2015 | 25534868 |
| redox metabolites signal polymicrobial biofilm development via the napa oxidative stress cascade in aspergillus. | filamentous fungi and bacteria form mixed-species biofilms in nature and diverse clinical contexts. they secrete a wealth of redox-active small molecule secondary metabolites, which are traditionally viewed as toxins that inhibit growth of competing microbes. | 2015 | 25532893 |
| eucast testing of isavuconazole susceptibility in aspergillus: comparison of results for inoculum standardization using conidium counting versus optical density. | the eucast e.def9.1 standard recommends standardization of the inoculum concentration by conidium counting using a hemocytometer rather than a spectrophotometer. in this study, we investigated whether the choice of these methods influenced isavuconazole mics. a blinded collection of 30 molecularly characterized azole-resistant isolates and 10 wild-type aspergillus fumigatus isolates was shared with four different laboratories. additionally, each laboratory selected approximately 100 a. fumigatus ... | 2014 | 25136005 |
| sporadic distribution of prion-forming ability of sup35p from yeasts and fungi. | sup35p of saccharomyces cerevisiae can form the [psi+] prion, an infectious amyloid in which the protein is largely inactive. the part of sup35p that forms the amyloid is the region normally involved in control of mrna turnover. the formation of [psi+] by sup35p's from other yeasts has been interpreted to imply that the prion-forming ability of sup35p is conserved in evolution, and thus of survival/fitness/evolutionary value to these organisms. we surveyed a larger number of yeast and fungal spe ... | 2014 | 25081567 |
| genome mining and functional genomics for siderophore production in aspergillus niger. | iron is an essential metal for many organisms, but the biologically relevant form of iron is scarce because of rapid oxidation resulting in low solubility. simultaneously, excessive accumulation of iron is toxic. consequently, iron uptake is a highly controlled process. in most fungal species, siderophores play a central role in iron handling. siderophores are small iron-specific chelators that can be secreted to scavenge environmental iron or bind intracellular iron with high affinity. a second ... | 2014 | 25062661 |
| effect of serum components on biofilm formation by aspergillus fumigatus and other aspergillus species. | biofilm production by microorganisms is critical for their pathogenicity. serum promotes biofilm production by aspergillus fumigatus; however, its effects on other aspergillus spp. have not been reported. we analyzed biofilm formation by five aspergillus spp., i.e., a. fumigatus, a. flavus, a. nidulans, a. niger, and a. terreus, and examined the effects of serum/serum proteins such as fetal bovine serum (fbs), fetuin a, and bovine serum albumin (bsa) on hyphal growth, hyphal branching, and extra ... | 2014 | 24858605 |
| isolation and identification of aspergillus spp. from brown kiwi (apteryx mantelli) nocturnal houses in new zealand. | aspergillosis, a disease caused by infection with aspergillus spp., is a common cause of death in birds globally and is an irregular cause of mortality of captive kiwi (apteryx spp.). aspergillus spp. are often present in rotting plant material, including the litter and nesting material used for kiwi in captivity. the aim of this study was to survey nocturnal kiwi houses in new zealand to assess the levels of aspergillus currently present in leaf litter. samples were received from 11 nocturnal k ... | 2014 | 24758108 |
| aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition and function change in response to hosting several aspergillus fumigatus udp-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants. | deletion or repression of aspergillus nidulans ugma (anugma), involved in galactofuranose biosynthesis, impairs growth and increases sensitivity to caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist. the a. fumigatus ugma (afugma) crystal structure has been determined. from that study, afugma mutants with altered enzyme activity were transformed into anugma▵ to assess their effect on growth and wall composition in a. nidulans. the complemented (anugma::wild type afugma) strain had wild type phenot ... | 2014 | 24454924 |
| the aspergillus genome database: multispecies curation and incorporation of rna-seq data to improve structural gene annotations. | the aspergillus genome database (aspgd; http://www.aspgd.org) is a freely available web-based resource that was designed for aspergillus researchers and is also a valuable source of information for the entire fungal research community. in addition to being a repository and central point of access to genome, transcriptome and polymorphism data, aspgd hosts a comprehensive comparative genomics toolbox that facilitates the exploration of precomputed orthologs among the 20 currently available asperg ... | 2014 | 24194595 |
| aspergillus collagen-like genes (acl): identification, sequence polymorphism, and assessment for pcr-based pathogen detection. | the genus aspergillus is a burden to public health due to its ubiquitous presence in the environment, its production of allergens, and wide demographic susceptibility among cystic fibrosis, asthmatic, and immunosuppressed patients. current methods of detection of aspergillus colonization and infection rely on lengthy morphological characterization or nonstandardized serological assays that are restricted to identifying a fungal etiology. collagen-like genes have been shown to exhibit species-spe ... | 2013 | 24123732 |
| gfsa encodes a novel galactofuranosyltransferase involved in biosynthesis of galactofuranose antigen of o-glycan in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus. | the cells walls of filamentous fungi in the genus aspergillus have galactofuranose (galf)-containing polysaccharides and glycoconjugates, including o-glycans, n-glycans, fungal-type galactomannan and glycosylinositolphosphoceramide, which are important for cell wall integrity. here, we attempted to identify galactofuranosyltransferases that couple galf monomers onto other wall components in aspergillus nidulans. using reverse-genetic and biochemical approaches, we identified that the an8677 gene ... | 2013 | 24118544 |
| gβ-like cpcb plays a crucial role for growth and development of aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus. | growth, development, virulence and secondary metabolism in fungi are governed by heterotrimeric g proteins (g proteins). a gβ-like protein called gib2 has been shown to function as an atypical gβ in gpa1-camp signaling in cryptococcus neoformans. we found that the previously reported cpcb (cross pathway control b) protein is the ortholog of gib2 in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus. in this report, we further characterize the roles of cpcb in governing growth, development and toxige ... | 2013 | 23936193 |
| discovery of cryptic polyketide metabolites from dermatophytes using heterologous expression in aspergillus nidulans. | dermatophytes belonging to the trichophyton and arthroderma genera cause skin infections in humans and animals. from genome sequencing data, we mined a conserved gene cluster among dermatophytes that are homologous to one that produces an immunosuppressive polyketide in aspergillus fumigatus. using a recombination-based cloning strategy in yeast, we constructed fungal heterologous expression vectors that encode the cryptic clusters. when integrated into the model aspergillus nidulans host, a str ... | 2013 | 23758576 |
| genetic and structural validation of aspergillus fumigatus udp-n-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase as an antifungal target. | the sugar nucleotide udp-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-glcnac) is an essential metabolite in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. in fungi, it is the precursor for the synthesis of chitin, an essential component of the fungal cell wall. udp-n-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (uap) is the final enzyme in eukaryotic udp-glcnac biosynthesis, converting utp and n-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate (glcnac-1p) to udp-glcnac. as such, this enzyme may provide an attractive target against pathogenic fungi. here, w ... | 2013 | 23750903 |
| multicenter study of isavuconazole mic distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for aspergillus spp. for the clsi m38-a2 broth microdilution method. | epidemiological cutoff values (ecvs) were established for the new triazole isavuconazole and aspergillus species wild-type (wt) mic distributions (organisms in a species-drug combination with no detectable acquired resistance mechanisms) that were defined with 855 aspergillus fumigatus, 444 a. flavus, 106 a. nidulans, 207 a. niger, 384 a. terreus, and 75 a. versicolor species complex isolates; 22 aspergillus section usti isolates were also included. clsi broth microdilution mic data gathered in ... | 2013 | 23716059 |
| rsma regulates aspergillus fumigatus gliotoxin cluster metabolites including cyclo(l-phe-l-ser), a potential new diagnostic marker for invasive aspergillosis. | dimeric basic leucine zipper (bzip) proteins are conserved transcriptional enhancers found in all eukaryotes. a recently reported and novel function for bzips is association of these proteins with secondary metabolite production in filamentous fungi. in particular a yap-like bzip termed rsma (restorer of secondary metabolism a) was identified in aspergillus nidulans that positively regulates the carcinogen sterigmatocystin. to assess for conserved function for rsma, we examined a role of this pr ... | 2013 | 23671611 |
| invasive fungal infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. | invasive fungal infections are a major threat for chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) patients. the present study provides a comprehensive overview of published invasive fungal infections in the cgd host through an extensive review of epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic data. in addition to the often mild clinical presentation, the currently used diagnostics for invasive aspergillosis have low sensitivity in cgd patients and cannot be easily translated to this non-neutropenic h ... | 2013 | 23654055 |
| loss of ccla, required for histone 3 lysine 4 methylation, decreases growth but increases secondary metabolite production in aspergillus fumigatus. | secondary metabolite (sm) production in filamentous fungi is mechanistically associated with chromatin remodeling of specific sm clusters. one locus recently shown to be involved in sm suppression in aspergillus nidulans was ccla, a member of the histone 3 lysine 4 methylating compass complex. here we examine loss of ccla and a putative h3k4 demethylase, hdma, in the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. although deletion of hdma showed no phenotype under the conditions tested, the ccla deletant ... | 2013 | 23638376 |
| light sensing in aspergillus fumigatus highlights the case for establishing new models for fungal photobiology. | microbes inhabit diverse environmental locations, and many species need to shift their physiology between different niches. to do this effectively requires the accurate sensing of and response to the environment. for pathogens, exposure to light is one major change between a free-living saprophyte lifestyle and causation of disease within the host. however, how light may act as a signal to influence pathogenesis, on the side of either the host or the pathogen, is poorly understood. research duri ... | 2013 | 23631920 |
| fungal siderophore biosynthesis is partially localized in peroxisomes. | siderophores play a central role in iron metabolism and virulence of most fungi. both aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus nidulans excrete the siderophore triacetylfusarinine c (tafc) for iron acquisition. in a. fumigatus, green fluorescence protein-tagging revealed peroxisomal localization of the tafc biosynthetic enzymes sidi (mevalonyl-coa ligase), sidh (mevalonyl-coa hydratase) and sidf (anhydromevalonyl-coa transferase), while elimination of the peroxisomal targeting signal (pts) impaired ... | 2013 | 23617799 |
| chloroquine modulates the fungal immune response in phagocytic cells from patients with chronic granulomatous disease. | invasive aspergillosis is a major threat to patients with chronic granulomatous disease (cgd). fungal pathogenesis is the result of a diminished antifungal capacity and dysregulated inflammation. a deficient nadph-oxidase complex results in defective phagolysosomal alkalization. to investigate the contribution of defective ph regulation in phagocytes among patients with cgd during fungal pathogenesis, we evaluated the effect of the acidotropic, antimalarial drug chloroquine (cq) on the antifunga ... | 2013 | 23482646 |
| partial reconstruction of the ergot alkaloid pathway by heterologous gene expression in aspergillus nidulans. | ergot alkaloids are pharmaceutically and agriculturally important secondary metabolites produced by several species of fungi. ergot alkaloid pathways vary among different fungal lineages, but the pathway intermediate chanoclavine-i is evolutionarily conserved among ergot alkaloid producers. at least four genes, dmaw, easf, ease, and easc, are necessary for pathway steps prior to chanoclavine-i; however, the sufficiency of these genes for chanoclavine-i synthesis has not been established. a fragm ... | 2013 | 23435153 |
| characterization of the major woronin body protein hexa of the human pathogenic mold aspergillus fumigatus. | in filamentous fungi, the septal pore controls the exchange between neighbouring hyphal compartments. woronin bodies are fungal-specific organelles that plug the pore in case of physical damage. the hex protein is their major and essential component. hex proteins of different size are predicted in the data base for pathogenic and non-pathogenic aspergillus species. however, using specific monoclonal antibodies, we identified 2 dominant hexa protein species of 20 and 25kda in a. fumigatus, a. ter ... | 2013 | 23332467 |
| current understanding of hog-mapk pathway in aspergillus fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes lethal systemic invasive aspergillosis. it must be able to adapt to stress in the microenvironment during host invasion and systemic spread. the high-osmolarity glycerol (hog) mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling pathway is a key element that controls adaptation to environmental stress. it plays a critical role in the virulence of several fungal pathogens. in this review, we summarize the current knowled ... | 2013 | 23161019 |
| aspergillus nidulans galactofuranose biosynthesis affects antifungal drug sensitivity. | the cell wall is essential for fungal survival in natural environments. many fungal wall carbohydrates are absent from humans, so they are a promising source of antifungal drug targets. galactofuranose (galf) is a sugar that decorates certain carbohydrates and lipids. it comprises about 5% of the aspergillus fumigatus cell wall, and may play a role in systemic aspergillosis. we are studying aspergillus wall formation in the tractable model system, a. nidulans. previously we showed single-gene de ... | 2012 | 23078837 |
| nosa, a transcription factor important in aspergillus fumigatus stress and developmental response, rescues the germination defect of a laea deletion. | aspergillus fumigatus is an increasingly serious pathogen of immunocompromised patients, causing the often fatal disease invasive aspergillosis (ia). one a. fumigatus virulence determinant of ia is laea, a conserved virulence factor in pathogenic fungi. to further understand the role of laea in ia, the expression profile of δlaea was compared to wild type, and several transcription factors were found significantly misregulated by laea loss. one of the transcription factors up-regulated over 4-fo ... | 2012 | 23022264 |
| the putative guanine nucleotide exchange factor rica mediates upstream signaling for growth and development in aspergillus. | heterotrimeric g proteins (g proteins) govern growth, development, and secondary metabolism in various fungi. here, we characterized rica, which encodes a putative gdp/gtp exchange factor for g proteins in the model fungus aspergillus nidulans and the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. in both species, rica mrna accumulates during vegetative growth and early developmental phases, but it is not present in spores. the deletion of rica results in severely impaired colony growth and ... | 2012 | 23002107 |
| characterization of the velvet regulators in aspergillus fumigatus. | fungal development and secondary metabolism is intimately associated via activities of the fungi-specific velvet family proteins. here we characterize the four velvet regulators in the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. the deletion of afuvosa, afuvea and afuvelb causes hyperactive asexual development (conidiation) and precocious and elevated accumulation of afubrla during developmental progression. moreover, the absence of afuvosa, afuvea or afuvelb results in the abundant form ... | 2012 | 22970834 |
| comparative genome analysis between aspergillus oryzae strains reveals close relationship between sites of mutation localization and regions of highly divergent genes among aspergillus species. | aspergillus oryzae has been utilized for over 1000 years in japan for the production of various traditional foods, and a large number of a. oryzae strains have been isolated and/or selected for the effective fermentation of food ingredients. characteristics of genetic alterations among the strains used are of particular interest in studies of a. oryzae. here, we have sequenced the whole genome of an industrial fungal isolate, a. oryzae rib326, by using a next-generation sequencing system and com ... | 2012 | 22912434 |
| aspergillus tanneri sp. nov., a new pathogen that causes invasive disease refractory to antifungal therapy. | the most common cause of invasive aspergillosis (ia) in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is aspergillus fumigatus followed by a. nidulans; other aspergilli rarely cause the disease. here we review two clinical cases of fatal ia in cgd patients and describe a new etiologic agent of ia refractory to antifungal therapy. unlike typical ia caused by a. fumigatus, the disease caused by the new species was chronic and spread from the lung to multiple adjacent organs. mycological charac ... | 2012 | 22855513 |
| protein phosphatase z modulates oxidative stress response in fungi. | the genome of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans harbors the gene ppza that codes for the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase z (ppz), and the closely related opportunistic pathogen aspergillus fumigatus encompasses a highly similar ppz gene (phza). when ppza and phza were expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae or schizosaccharomyces pombe they partially complemented the deleted phosphatases in the ppz1 or the pzh1 mutants, and they also mimicked the effect of ppz1 overexpression in ... | 2012 | 22750657 |
| persistence versus escape: aspergillus terreus and aspergillus fumigatus employ different strategies during interactions with macrophages. | invasive bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ibpa) is a life-threatening disease in immunocompromised patients. although aspergillus terreus is frequently found in the environment, a. fumigatus is by far the main cause of ibpa. however, once a. terreus establishes infection in the host, disease is as fatal as a. fumigatus infections. thus, we hypothesized that the initial steps of disease establishment might be fundamentally different between these two species. since alveolar macrophages represent o ... | 2012 | 22319619 |
| light regulation on growth, development, and secondary metabolism of marine-derived filamentous fungi. | effects of different light conditions on development, growth, and secondary metabolism of three marine-derived filamentous fungi were investigated. darkness irritated sexual development of aspergillus glaucus hb1-19, while white, red, and blue lights improved its asexual behavior. the red and blue lights improved asexual stroma formation of xylaria sp. (no. 2508), but the darkness and white light inhibited it. differently, development of halorosellinia sp. (no. 1403) turned out to be insensitive ... | 2013 | 23546832 |
| elucidation of biosynthetic pathways of natural products. | during the last decade, we have revealed biosynthetic pathways responsible for the formation of important and chemically complex natural products isolated from various organisms through genetic manipulation. detailed in vivo and in vitro characterizations enabled elucidation of unexpected mechanisms of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. this personal account focuses on our recent efforts in identifying the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of spirotryprostatin, aspoquinolone, sch 210972, py ... | 2017 | 28387469 |
| genetic studies on the physiological role of corvet in aspergillus nidulans. | corvet and hops are protein complexes mediating the maturation of early endosomes (ees) into late endosomes (les)/vacuoles. these hetero-hexamers share four 'core' components, vps11, vps16, vps18 and vps33, and differ in two specific subunits, corvet vps8 and vps3 and hops vps39 and vps41. whereas ablating hops-specific components has minor growth effects, ablating any corvet constituent severely debilitates aspergillus nidulans growth, buttressing previous work indicating that maturation of ees ... | 2017 | 28379362 |
| cpsa regulates mycotoxin production, morphogenesis and cell wall biosynthesis in the fungus aspergillus nidulans. | the model fungus aspergillus nidulans synthesizes numerous secondary metabolites, including sterigmatocystin (st). the production of this toxin is positively controlled by the global regulator vea. in the absence of vea (δvea), st biosynthesis is blocked. previously we performed random mutagenesis in a δvea strain and identified revertant mutants able to synthesize st, among them rm1. complementation of rm1 with a genomic library revealed that the mutation occurred in a gene designated as cpsa. ... | 2017 | 28370587 |
| gfsa is a β1,5-galactofuranosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the galactofuran side chain of fungal-type galactomannan inaspergillus fumigatus. | previously, we reported that gfsa is a novel galactofuranosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of o-glycan, the proper maintenance of fungal morphology, the formation of conidia and anti-fungal resistance in aspergillus nidulans and a. fumigatus (komachi y et al., mol. microbiol. 90, 1054-1073, 2013). in the present paper, to gain an in depth-understanding of the enzymatic functions of gfsa in a. fumigatus (afgfsa), we established an in vitro assay to measure galactofuranosyltransferase a ... | 2017 | 28369326 |
| the low affinity glucose transporter hxtb is also involved in glucose signalling and metabolism in aspergillus nidulans. | one of the drawbacks during second-generation biofuel production from plant lignocellulosic biomass is the accumulation of glucose, the preferred carbon source of microorganisms, which causes the repression of hydrolytic enzyme secretion by industrially relevant filamentous fungi. glucose sensing, subsequent transport and cellular signalling pathways have been barely elucidated in these organisms. this study therefore characterized the transcriptional response of the filamentous fungus aspergill ... | 2017 | 28361917 |
| nitrate assimilation in fusarium fujikuroi is controlled by multiple levels of regulation. | secondary metabolite production of the phytopathogenic ascomycete fungus fusarium fujikuroi is greatly influenced by the availability of nitrogen. while favored nitrogen sources such as glutamine and ammonium are used preferentially, the uptake and utilization of nitrate is subject to a regulatory mechanism called nitrogen metabolite repression (nmr). in aspergillus nidulans, the transcriptional control of the nitrate assimilatory system is carried out by the synergistic action of the nitrate-sp ... | 2017 | 28352253 |
| an amylase-like protein, amyd, is the major negative regulator for α-glucan synthesis in aspergillus nidulans during the asexual life cycle. | α-glucan affects fungal cell-cell interactions and is important for the virulence of pathogenic fungi. interfering with production of α-glucan could help to prevent fungal infection. in our previous study, we reported that an amylase-like protein, amyd, could repress α-glucan accumulation in aspergillus nidulans. however, the underlying molecular mechanism was not clear. here, we examined the localization of amyd and found it was a membrane-associated protein. we studied amyd function in α-gluca ... | 2017 | 28346365 |
| location and functional analysis of the aspergillus nidulans aurora kinase confirm mitotic functions and suggest non-mitotic roles. | filamentous fungi have devastating negative impacts as pathogens and agents of food spoilage but also have critical ecological importance and are utilized for industrial applications. the characteristic multinucleate nature of filamentous fungi is facilitated by limiting if, when and where septation, the fungal equivalent of cytokinesis, occurs. in the model filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans septation does not occur immediately after mitosis and is an incomplete process resulting in the fo ... | 2017 | 28315405 |
| biological evaluation of 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, an extrolite produced by aspergillus nidulans strain kzr-132. | the aim of the study was to purify and characterize a bioactive compound from aspergillus nidulans strain kzr-132 and its biological evaluation. | 2017 | 28314049 |
| air-borne genotype by genotype indirect genetic effects are substantial in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. | genotype by genotype indirect genetic effects (g × g iges) occur when the phenotype of an individual is influenced by an interaction between its own genotype and those of neighbour individuals. little is known regarding the relative importance of g × g iges compared with other forms of direct and indirect genetic effects. we quantified the relative importance of iges in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, a species in which iges are likely to be important as air-borne social interaction ... | 2017 | 28295032 |
| the function of the three phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (prs) genes in hyphal growth and conidiation in aspergillus nidulans. | phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase, which is encoded by the prs gene, catalyses the reaction of ribose-5-phosphate and adenine ribonucleotide triphosphate (atp) and has central importance in cellular metabolism. however, knowledge about how prs family members function and contribute to total 5-phosphoribosyl-α-1-pyrophosphate (prpp) synthetase activity is limited. in this study, we identified that the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans genome contains three prpp synthase-homologous gen ... | 2017 | 28277197 |
| study on the glutathione metabolism of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. | yeast protein sequence-based homology search for glutathione (gsh) metabolic enzymes and gsh transporters demonstrated that aspergillus nidulans has a robust gsh uptake and metabolic system with several paralogous genes. in wet laboratory experiments, two key genes of gsh metabolism, gcsa, and glra, encoding γ-l-glutamyl-l-cysteine synthetase and glutathione reductase, respectively, were deleted. the gene gcsa was essential, and the δgcsa mutant required gsh supplementation at considerably highe ... | 2017 | 28263103 |
| transgenic expression of fungal accessory hemicellulases in arabidopsis thaliana triggers transcriptional patterns related to biotic stress and defense response. | the plant cell wall is an abundant and renewable resource for lignocellulosic applications such as the production of biofuel. due to structural and compositional complexities, the plant cell wall is, however, recalcitrant to hydrolysis and extraction of platform sugars. a cell wall engineering strategy to reduce this recalcitrance makes use of microbial cell wall modifying enzymes that are expressed directly in plants themselves. previously, we constructed transgenic arabidopsis thaliana constit ... | 2017 | 28253318 |
| functional genomics-guided discovery of a light-activated phytotoxin in the wheat pathogen parastagonospora nodorum via pathway activation. | parastagonospora nodorum is an important pathogen of wheat. the contribution of secondary metabolites to this pathosystem is poorly understood. a biosynthetic gene cluster (snog_08608-08616) has been shown to be upregulated during the late stage of p. nodorum wheat leaf infection. the gene cluster shares several homologues with the cercospora nicotianae ctb gene cluster encoding the biosynthesis of cercosporin. activation of the gene cluster by overexpression (oe) of the transcription factor gen ... | 2017 | 28251756 |
| the ap-2 complex has a specialized clathrin-independent role in apical endocytosis and polar growth in fungi. | filamentous fungi provide excellent systems for investigating the role of the ap-2 complex in polar growth. using aspergillus nidulans, we show that ap-2 has a clathrin-independent essential role in polarity maintenance and growth. this is in line with a sequence analysis showing that the ap-2 β subunit (β2) of higher fungi lacks a clathrin-binding domain, and experiments showing that ap-2 does not co-localize with clathrin. we provide genetic and cellular evidence that ap-2 interacts with endoc ... | 2017 | 28220754 |
| transport of fungal rab11 secretory vesicles involves myosin-5, dynein/dynactin/p25, and kinesin-1 and is independent of kinesin-3. | hyphal tip cells of the fungus aspergillus nidulans are useful for studying long-range intracellular traffic. post-golgi secretory vesicles (svs) containing the rab11 orthologue rabe engage myosin-5 as well as plus end- and minus end-directed microtubule motors, providing an experimental system with which to investigate the interplay between microtubule and actin motors acting on the same cargo. by exploiting the fact that depolymerization of f-actin unleashes svs focused at the apex by myosin-5 ... | 2017 | 28209731 |
| functions of the magnaporthe oryzae flb3p and flb4p transcription factors in the regulation of conidiation. | the magnaporthe oryzae genes flb3 and flb4, orthologues of the aspergillus nidulans regulators of conidiation flbc and flbd, were inactivated. these genes encode c2h2 zinc finger and myb-like transcription factors, respectively, in a. nidulans. analysis of the resultant mutants demonstrated that flb4 is essential for spore formation and that strains lacking this gene are fluffy in their colony morphology due to an inability to complete conidiophore formation. meanwhile, flb3 is required for norm ... | 2017 | 28164785 |
| ancut2, a thermo-alkaline cutinase from aspergillus nidulans and its potential applications. | biochemical characterization of purified ancut2 cutinase from aspergillus nidulans is described. the identified amino acid sequence differs from that predicted in aspergillus genomic databases in amino acids not relevant for catalysis. the enzyme is thermo-alkaline, showing its maximum activity at ph 9 and 60 °c, and it retains more than 60% of its initial activity after incubation for 1 h at 60 °c for ph values between 6 and 10. ancut2 is more active towards long-chain esters and it hydrolyzes ... | 2017 | 28124733 |
| overexpression of a three-gene conidial pigment biosynthetic pathway in aspergillus nidulans reveals the first nrps known to acetylate tryptophan. | fungal nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nrpss) are megasynthetases that produce cyclic and acyclic peptides. in aspergillus nidulans, the nrps ivoa (an10576) has been associated with the biosynthesis of grey-brown conidiophore pigments. another gene, ivob (an0231), has been demonstrated to be an n-acetyl-6-hydroxytryptophan oxidase that putatively acts downstream of ivoa. a third gene, ivoc, has also been predicted to be involved in pigment biosynthesis based on publicly available genomic and t ... | 2017 | 28108400 |
| the aspergillus nidulans pbp1 homolog is required for normal sexual development and secondary metabolism. | p bodies and stress granules are rna-containing structures governing mrna degradation and translational arrest, respectively. saccharomyces cerevisiae pbp1 protein localizes to stress granules and promotes their formation and is involved in proper polyadenylation, suppression of rna-dna hybrids, and preventing aberrant rdna recombination. a genetic screen for aspergillus nidulans mutants aberrant in secondary metabolism identified the pbp1 homolog, pbpa. using dcp1 (mrna decapping) as a marker f ... | 2017 | 28089630 |
| cloning, heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a non-specific endoglucanase family 12 from aspergillus terreus nih2624. | the cellulases from glycoside hydrolyses family 12 (gh12) play an important role in cellulose degradation and plant cell wall deconstruction being widely used in a number of bioindustrial processes. aiming to contribute toward better comprehension of these class of the enzymes, here we describe a high-yield secretion of a endoglucanase gh12 from aspegillus terreus (atgh12), which was cloned and expressed in aspergillus nidulans strain a773. the purified protein was used for complete biochemical ... | 2017 | 28088615 |
| fungal cell cycle: a unicellular versus multicellular comparison. | all cells must accurately replicate dna and partition it to daughter cells. the basic cell cycle machinery is highly conserved among eukaryotes. most of the mechanisms that control the cell cycle were worked out in fungal cells, taking advantage of their powerful genetics and rapid duplication times. here we describe the cell cycles of the unicellular budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and the multicellular filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. we compare and contrast morphological landma ... | 2016 | 28087934 |
| the function of the three phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate synthetase (prs) genes in hyphal growth and conidiation in aspergillus nidulans. | phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase, which is encoded by the prs gene, catalyzes the reaction of ribose-5-phosphate and adenine ribonucleotide triphosphate (atp) and has central importance in cellular metabolism. however, knowledge about how prs family members function and contribute to total prpp synthetase activity is limited. in this study, we identified that the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans genome contains three 5-phosphoribosyl-α-1-pyrophosphate (prpp) synthase-homologous gen ... | 2017 | 28086070 |
| microtubules are reversibly depolymerized in response to changing gaseous microenvironments within aspergillus nidulans biofilms. | how microtubules (mts) are regulated during fungal biofilm formation is unknown. by tracking mt +end-binding proteins (+tips) in aspergillus nidulans, we find that mts are regulated to depolymerize within forming fungal biofilms. during this process, eb1, dynein, and clipa form transient fibrous and then bar-like structures, novel configurations for +tips. cells also respond in an autonomous manner, with cells separated by a septum able to maintain different mt dynamics. surprisingly, all cells ... | 2017 | 28057761 |
| the mitotic kinesin-14 klpa contains a context-dependent directionality switch. | kinesin-14s are commonly known as nonprocessive minus end-directed microtubule motors that function mainly for mitotic spindle assembly. here we show using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy that klpa-a kinesin-14 from aspergillus nidulans-is a context-dependent bidirectional motor. klpa exhibits plus end-directed processive motility on single microtubules, but reverts to canonical minus end-directed motility when anchored on the surface in microtubule-gliding experiments or inter ... | 2017 | 28051135 |
| an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional activator-repressor module controls expression of genes for d-galacturonic acid utilization in aspergillus niger. | the expression of genes encoding extracellular polymer-degrading enzymes and the metabolic pathways required for carbon utilization in fungi are tightly controlled. the control is mediated by transcription factors that are activated by the presence of specific inducers, which are often monomers or monomeric derivatives of the polymers. a d-galacturonic acid-specific transcription factor named gaar was recently identified and shown to be an activator for the expression of genes involved in galact ... | 2017 | 28049705 |
| phospholipid flippases dnfa and dnfb exhibit differential dynamics within the a. nidulans spitzenkörper. | the spitzenkörper is a structure at the apex of growing cells in many filamentous fungi. ultrastructural studies indicate that the spitzenkörper is an organized mass of secretory vesicles, with different types of vesicles present in outer and inner layers. here, we used live-cell imaging to demonstrate that the phospholipid flippases dnfa and dnfb, which preferentially localize to the outer and inner layers, respectively, exhibit different dynamics in the spitzenkörper of aspergillus nidulans. a ... | 2017 | 28034798 |
| cation-stress-responsive transcription factors slta and crza regulate morphogenetic processes and pathogenicity of colletotrichum gloeosporioides. | growth of colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the presence of cation salts nacl and kcl inhibited fungal growth and anthracnose symptom of colonization. previous reports indicate that adaptation of aspergillus nidulans to salt- and osmotic-stress conditions revealed the role of zinc-finger transcription factors slta and crza in cation homeostasis. homologs of a. nidulans slta and crza were identified in c. gloeosporioides. the c. gloeosporioides crza homolog is a 682-amino acid protein, which cont ... | 2016 | 28030573 |
| self-excising cre/mutant lox marker recycling system for multiple gene integrations and consecutive gene deletions in aspergillus oryzae. | in this study, we developed a self-excising cre/loxp-mediated marker recycling system with mutated lox sequences to introduce a number of biosynthetic genes into aspergillus oryzae. to construct the self-excising marker cassette, both the selectable marker, the aspergillus nidulans adea gene, and the cre recombinase gene (cre), conditionally expressed by the xylanase-encoding gene promoter, were designed to be located between the mutant lox sequences, lox66 and lox71. however, construction of th ... | 2017 | 28011085 |
| high-yield production of aryl alcohol oxidase under limited growth conditions in small-scale systems using a mutant aspergillus nidulans strain. | aryl alcohol oxidase (mtgloa) is an enzyme that belongs to the ligninolytic consortium and can play an important role in the bioenergy industry. this study investigated production of an mtgloa client enzyme by a mutant strain of aspergillus nidulans unable to synthesize its own pyridoxine. pyridoxine limitation can be used to control cell growth, diverting substrate to protein production. in agitated culture, enzyme production was similar when using media with 1 mg/l and without pyridoxine (26.6 ... | 2017 | 27999967 |
| engineering fungal nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like enzymes by heterologous expression and domain swapping. | a facile genetic methodology in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans allowed the exchange of various domains in nonribosomal peptide synthase (nrps)-like enzymes from aspergillus terreus. the newly generated engineered enzymes are capable of producing compounds with different chemical structures than its parent enzyme in vivo. this work provides insight in the programing of nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis in filamentous fungi. | 2016 | 27978657 |
| functional characterization of two novel purine transporters from the basidiomycota phanerochaete chrysosporium. | purine transporters as substrate entry points in organisms, are involved in a number of cellular processes such as nitrogen source uptake, energy metabolism and synthesis of nucleic acids. in this study, two nucleobase transporter genes (phz, phu) from phanerochaete chrysosporium were cloned, identified, and functionally characterized. our results show that phz is a transporter of adenine and hypoxanthine, and a protein belonging to the azga-like family, whilst phu belongs to the nat/ncs2 family ... | 2017 | 27923672 |
| analysis of the ionic interaction between the hydrophobin roda and two cutinases of aspergillus nidulans obtained via an aspergillus oryzae expression system. | hydrophobins are amphipathic secretory proteins with eight conserved cysteine residues and are ubiquitous among filamentous fungi. in the fungus aspergillus oryzae, the hydrophobin rola and the polyesterase cutl1 are co-expressed when the sole available carbon source is the biodegradable polyester polybutylene succinate-co-adipate (pbsa). rola promotes the degradation of pbsa by attaching to the particle surface, changing its structure and interacting with cutl1 to concentrate cutl1 on the pbsa ... | 2017 | 27917435 |
| growth-phase sterigmatocystin formation on lactose is mediated via low specific growth rates in aspergillus nidulans. | seed contamination with polyketide mycotoxins such as sterigmatocystin (st) produced by aspergilli is a worldwide issue. the st biosynthetic pathway is well-characterized in a. nidulans, but regulatory aspects related to the carbon source are still enigmatic. this is particularly true for lactose, inasmuch as some st production mutant strains still synthesize st on lactose but not on other carbon substrates. here, kinetic data revealed that on d-glucose, st forms only after the sugar is depleted ... | 2016 | 27916804 |
| proteins interacting with crea and creb in the carbon catabolite repression network in aspergillus nidulans. | in aspergillus nidulans, carbon catabolite repression (ccr) is mediated by the global repressor protein crea. the deubiquitinating enzyme creb is a component of the ccr network. genetic interaction was confirmed using a strain containing complete loss-of-function alleles of both crea and creb. no direct physical interaction was identified between tagged versions of crea and creb. to identify any possible protein(s) that may form a bridge between crea and creb, we purified both proteins from myce ... | 2016 | 27915380 |
| transporter oligomerization: form and function. | transporters are integral membrane proteins with central roles in the efficient movement of molecules across biological membranes. many transporters exist as oligomers in the membrane. depending on the individual transport protein, oligomerization can have roles in membrane trafficking, function, regulation and turnover. for example, our recent studies on uapa, a nucleobase ascorbate transporter, from aspergillus nidulans, have revealed both that dimerization of this protein is essential for cor ... | 2016 | 27913684 |
| methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris as a chassis organism for polyketide synthesis via the full citrinin biosynthetic pathway. | with the rapid development of synthetic biology, exploring various chassis organisms has become necessary to improve the heterologous biosynthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals. in this study, we tested the potential of the industrial methylotrophic yeast strain pichia pastoris for the heterologous synthesis of polyketides. a recombinant p. pastoris gs-pksct-npga carrying the monascus purpureus citrinin polyketide synthase gene pksct and the aspergillus nidulans phosphopantetheinyl tra ... | 2017 | 27913218 |
| wd40-repeat protein mocrec is essential for carbon repression and is involved in conidiation, growth and pathogenicity of magnaporthe oryzae. | carbon catabolite repression (ccr) is a common regulatory mechanism used by microorganisms to prioritize use of a preferred carbon source (usually glucose). the crec wd40-repeat protein is a major component of the ccr pathway in aspergillus nidulans. to clarify the function of the crec ortholog from magnaporthe oryzae in regulating gene expression important for pathogenesis, mocrec was identified and genetically characterized. the vegetative growth rate of the mocrec deletion mutant on various c ... | 2016 | 27909797 |
| phylogenetic studies, gene cluster analysis, and enzymatic reaction support anthrahydroquinone reduction as the physiological function of fungal 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. | 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-hsdcl) from the filamentous fungus curvularia lunata (teleomorph cochliobolus lunatus) catalyzes nadp(h)-dependent oxidoreductions of androgens and estrogens. despite detailed biochemical and structural characterization of 17β-hsdcl, its physiological function remains unknown. on the basis of amino acid sequence alignment, phylogenetic studies, and the recent identification of the physiological substrates of the homologous mdpc from aspergillus nidulans and ... | 2017 | 27906500 |
| genomics of compensatory adaptation in experimental populations of aspergillus nidulans. | knowledge of the number and nature of genetic changes responsible for adaptation is essential for understanding and predicting evolutionary trajectories. here, we study the genomic basis of compensatory adaptation to the fitness cost of fungicide resistance in experimentally evolved strains of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans the original selection experiment tracked the fitness recovery of lines founded by an ancestral strain that was resistant to fludioxonil, but paid a fitness cost ... | 2017 | 27903631 |
| the creb deubiquitinating enzyme does not directly target the crea repressor protein in aspergillus nidulans. | ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways are now recognized as key components of gene regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotes. the major transcriptional repressor for carbon catabolite repression in aspergillus nidulans is crea, and mutational analysis led to the suggestion that a regulatory ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathway is involved. a key unanswered question is if and how this pathway, comprising creb (deubiquitinating enzyme) and hula (ubiquitin ligase) and other proteins, is involved in ... | 2016 | 27878624 |
| role of hxkc, a mitochondrial hexokinase-like protein, in fungal programmed cell death. | apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death (pcd) that occurs during animal development and is also triggered by a variety of signals including nutrient or oxidative stress, hypoxia, dna damage, viral infection and oncogenic transformation. though apoptotic-like pcd also occurs in plants and fungi, genes encoding several of the key players in mammalian apoptosis (p53 and bh-domain proteins) have not been identified in these kingdoms. in this report we investigated whether hxkc, a mitochondrial ... | 2016 | 27836782 |
| the mechanism of peroxisome motility in filamentous fungi. | peroxisomes (pos) are an essential part of the fungal cell's inventory. they are involved in cellular lipid homeostasis, reactive oxygen metabolism and in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. these functions are thought to require frequent organelle-organelle interactions and the even-distribution of pos in fungal hypha. recent work in the basidiomycete ustilago maydis and the ascomycete aspergillus nidulans reveals a crucial role of early endosomes (ees) in the dynamic behavior of pos requir ... | 2016 | 27825929 |
| acute hepatic necrosis and death in a subadult southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) associated with exposure to sterigmatocystin in forage contaminated with aspergillus nidulans. | a young male southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum), which was resident in a zoo as part of a multi-rhinoceros group, died suddenly. necropsy and histopathological findings supported a diagnosis of death from acute hepatic necrosis. the microscopic distribution of liver lesions was suggestive of hepatotoxicosis. further investigation revealed potential exposure to a mycotoxin, sterigmatocystin, present in spoiled lucerne hay contaminated with aspergillus nidulans. it was concluded that ... | 2016 | 27785798 |
| design and synthesis of purine analogues as highly specific ligands for fcyb, a ubiquitous fungal nucleobase transporter. | in the course of our study on fungal purine transporters, a number of new 3-deazapurine analogues have been rationally designed, based on the interaction of purine substrates with the aspergillus nidulans fcyb carrier, and synthesized following an effective synthetic procedure. certain derivatives have been found to specifically inhibit fcyb-mediated [(3)h]-adenine uptake. molecular simulations have been performed, suggesting that all active compounds interact with fcyb through the formation of ... | 2016 | 27720327 |
| discovery of mcra, a master regulator of aspergillus secondary metabolism. | fungal secondary metabolites (sms) are extremely important in medicine and agriculture, but regulation of their biosynthesis is incompletely understood. we have developed a genetic screen in aspergillus nidulans for negative regulators of fungal sm gene clusters and we have used this screen to isolate mutations that upregulate transcription of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase gene required for nidulanin a biosynthesis. several of these mutations are allelic and we have identified the mutant ... | 2017 | 27775185 |
| functional characterization of the aspergillus nidulans glucosylceramide pathway reveals that lcb δ8-desaturation and c9-methylation are relevant to filamentous growth, lipid raft localization and psd1 defensin activity. | c8-desaturated and c9-methylated glucosylceramide (glccer) is a fungal-specific sphingolipid that plays an important role in the growth and virulence of many species. in this work, we investigated the contribution of aspergillus nidulans sphingolipid δ8-desaturase (sdea), sphingolipid c9-methyltransferases (smta/smtb) and glucosylceramide synthase (gcsa) to fungal phenotypes, sensitivity to psd1 defensin and galleria mellonella virulence. we showed that δsdea accumulated c8-saturated and unmethy ... | 2016 | 27479571 |
| clathrin localization and dynamics in aspergillus nidulans. | cell growth necessitates extensive membrane remodeling events including vesicle fusion or fission, processes that are regulated by coat proteins. the hyphal cells of filamentous fungi concentrate both exocytosis and endocytosis at the apex. this investigation focuses on clathrin in aspergillus nidulans, with the aim of understanding its role in membrane remodeling in growing hyphae. we examined clathrin heavy chain (clah-gfp) which localized to three distinct subcellular structures: late golgi ( ... | 2017 | 27741567 |
| cryptic purine transporters in aspergillus nidulans reveal the role of specific residues in the evolution of specificity in the ncs1 family. | ncs1 proteins are h(+) or na(+) symporters responsible for the uptake of purines, pyrimidines or related metabolites in bacteria, fungi and some plants. fungal ncs1 are classified into two evolutionary and structurally distinct subfamilies, known as fur- and fcy-like transporters. these subfamilies have expanded and functionally diversified by gene duplications. the fur subfamily of the model fungus aspergillus nidulans includes both major and cryptic transporters specific for uracil, 5-fluorour ... | 2017 | 27741561 |
| identification and characterization of putative xylose and cellobiose transporters in aspergillus nidulans. | the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels (second-generation biofuel production) is an environmentally friendlier alternative to petroleum-based energy sources. enzymatic deconstruction of lignocellulose, catalyzed by filamentous fungi such as aspergillus nidulans, releases a mixture of mono- and polysaccharides, including hexose (glucose) and pentose (xylose) sugars, cellodextrins (cellobiose), and xylooligosaccharides (xylobiose). these sugars can subsequently be fermented by yeast ... | 2016 | 27708711 |
| antimutagenicity and antigenotoxicity of aloe arborescens miller and aloe barbadensis miller in aspergillus nidulans and wistar rats. | medicinal plants such as aloe arborescens miller and aloe barbadensis miller are used by the general population to treat various diseases. therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimutagenicity of these two species using a methg1 system in aspergillus nidulans and the comet assay in rats. the animals were treated with the plants at concentrations of 360 and 720 mg/kg body weight (1 and 2, respectively) by gavage for 14 days, followed by the administration of etoposide on treatment ... | 2016 | 27706687 |
| a plastic vegetative growth threshold governs reproductive capacity in aspergillus nidulans. | ontogenetic phases separating growth from reproduction are a common feature of cellular life. long recognized for flowering plants and animals, early literature suggests this life-history component may also be prevalent among multicellular fungi. we establish the basis of developmental competence-the capacity to respond to induction of asexual development-in the filamentous saprotroph aspergillus nidulans, describing environmental influences, including genotype-by-environment interactions among ... | 2016 | 27672092 |
| a mitotic nuclear envelope tether for gle1 also impacts nuclear and nucleolar architecture. | during aspergillus nidulans mitosis peripheral nuclear pore complex (npc) proteins (nups) disperse from the core npc structure. unexpectedly, one predicted peripheral nup, gle1, remains at the mitotic ne via an unknown mechanism. gle1 affinity purification identified mtga ( m: itotic t: ether for g: le1), which tethers gle1 to the ne during mitosis, but not during interphase when gle1 is at npcs. mtga is the ortholog of the schizosaccharomyces pombe telomere-anchoring inner nuclear membrane prot ... | 2016 | 27630260 |
| d-galactose catabolism in penicillium chrysogenum: expression analysis of the structural genes of the leloir pathway. | in this study, we analyzed the expression of the structural genes encoding the five enzymes comprising the leloir pathway of d-galactose catabolism in the industrial cell factory penicillium chrysogenum on various carbon sources. the genome of p. chrysogenum contains a putative galactokinase gene at the annotated locus pc13g10140, the product of which shows strong structural similarity to yeast galactokinase that was expressed on lactose and d-galactose only. the expression profile of the galact ... | 2016 | 27630054 |
| plant defensins nad1 and nad2 induce different stress response pathways in fungi. | nicotiana alata defensins 1 and 2 (nad1 and nad2) are plant defensins from the ornamental tobacco that have antifungal activity against a variety of fungal pathogens. some plant defensins interact with fungal cell wall o-glycosylated proteins. therefore, we investigated if this was the case for nad1 and nad2, by assessing the sensitivity of the three aspergillus nidulans (an) o-mannosyltransferase (pmt) knockout (ko) mutants (an∆pmta, an∆pmtb, and an∆pmtc). an∆pmta was resistant to both defensin ... | 2016 | 27598152 |
| the creb deubiquitinating enzyme does not directly target the crea repressor protein in aspergillus nidulans. | ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways are now recognized as key components of gene regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotes. the major transcriptional repressor for carbon catabolite repression in aspergillus nidulans is crea, and mutational analysis led to the suggestion that a regulatory ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathway is involved. a key unanswered question is if and how this pathway, comprising creb (deubiquitinating enzyme) and hula (ubiquitin ligase) and other proteins, is involved in ... | 2016 | 27589970 |
| mcma-dependent and -independent regulatory systems governing expression of clrb-regulated cellulase and hemicellulase genes in aspergillus nidulans. | fungal cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes are promising tools for industrial hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass; however, the regulatory network underlying their production is not well understood. the recent discovery of the transcriptional activators clrb and mcma in aspergillus nidulans implied a novel regulatory mechanism driven by their interaction, experimental evidence for which was obtained from transcriptional and dna-binding analyses in this study. it was found that clrb was essent ... | 2016 | 27588830 |
| isoindolone-containing meroperpenoids from the endophytic fungus emericella nidulans hdn12-249. | six isoindolone containing meroterpenoids, emericellolides a-c (1-3) and emeriphenolicins e-g (4-6), were isolated from a plant endophytic fungus emericella nidulans hdn12-249. emericellolides a-c (1-3) feature the unprecedented macrolide skeleton composed of an unusual l-glutamate fragment, an isoindolone unit, and a sesquiterpene moiety, while structures of emeriphenolicins e-g (4-6) with two farnesyl groups attached to one isoindolone unit are rare in isoindolone-derived meroterpenoids. these ... | 2016 | 27588428 |
| lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases and other oxidative enzymes are abundantly secreted by aspergillus nidulans grown on different starches. | starch is the second most abundant plant-derived biomass and a major feedstock in non-food industrial applications and first generation biofuel production. in contrast to lignocellulose, detailed insight into fungal degradation of starch is currently lacking. this study explores the secretomes of aspergillus nidulans grown on cereal starches from wheat and high-amylose (ha) maize, as well as legume starch from pea for 5 days. | 2016 | 27588040 |