| paper money and coins as potential vectors of transmissible disease. | paper currency and coins may be a public health risk when associated with the simultaneous handling of food and could lead to the spread of nosocomial infections. banknotes recovered from hospitals may be highly contaminated by staphylococcus aureus. salmonella species, escherichia coli and s. aureus are commonly isolated from banknotes from food outlets. laboratory simulations revealed that methicillin-resistant s. aureus can easily survive on coins, whereas e. coli, salmonella species and viru ... | 2014 | 24571076 |
| escherichia coli, salmonella spp., hepatitis a virus and norovirus in bivalve molluscs in southern italy. | european legislation has fixed microbiological, chemical and biotoxicological limits for shellfish but no limits for viruses. in the present study we report the results of an investigation on salmonella spp., escherichia coli, hepatitis a virus (hav) and norovirus (nov) contamination in 59 bivalve shellfish collected during the years 2011-2012 in southern italy. all the samples of mytilus galloprovincialis and of solen marginatus were negative for hav whereas 6.8% of them were positive for norov ... | 2013 | 23564588 |
| outbreaks associated to large open air festivals, including music festivals, 1980 to 2012. | in the minds of many, large scale open air festivals have become associated with spring and summer, attracting many people, and in the case of music festivals, thousands of music fans. these festivals share the usual health risks associated with large mass gatherings, including transmission of communicable diseases and risk of outbreaks. large scale open air festivals have however specific characteristics, including outdoor settings, on-site housing and food supply and the generally young age of ... | 2013 | 23517872 |
| detection and characterization of hepatitis a virus and norovirus in mussels from galicia (nw spain). | shellfish are recognized as a potential vehicle of viral disease and despite the control measures for shellfish safety there is periodic emergence of viral outbreaks associated with shellfish consumption. in this study a total of 81 mussel samples from ría do burgo, a coruña (nw spain) were analysed. samples were collected in seven different harvesting areas with the aim to establish a correlation between the prevalence of norovirus (nov) and hepatitis a virus (hav) in mussel samples and the wat ... | 2013 | 23471578 |
| expression of a hepatitis a virus antigen in lactococcus lactis and escherichia coli and evaluation of its immunogenicity. | an epidemic shift in hepatitis a virus (hav) infection has been observed in recent years in rapidly developing countries, with increasing numbers of severe adult cases which has led to renewed interest in vaccination. our approach in vaccine development uses recombinant expression of the highly immunogenic hav antigen vp1-p2a in food-grade lactic acid bacterium lactococcus lactis and in escherichia coli. we used genetic constructs that enable nisin-controlled expression of the antigen in l. lact ... | 2013 | 23371298 |
| comparative effectiveness of membrane bioreactors, conventional secondary treatment, and chlorine and uv disinfection to remove microorganisms from municipal wastewaters. | log removals of bacterial indicators, coliphage, and enteric viruses were studied in three membrane bioreactor (mbr) activated-sludge and two conventional secondary activated-sludge municipal wastewater treatment plants during three recreational seasons (may-oct.) when disinfection of effluents is required. in total, 73 regular samples were collected from key locations throughout treatment processes: post-preliminary, post-mbr, post-secondary, post-tertiary, and post-disinfection (uv or chlorine ... | 2012 | 22682268 |
| reduction of enteric viruses by blueberry juice and blueberry proanthocyanidins. | blueberry and blueberry extracts are known for their health benefits and antimicrobial properties. natural therapeutic or preventive options to decrease the incidences of foodborne viral illnesses are becoming popular and being researched. this study aimed to determine the antiviral effects of blueberry juice (bj) and blueberry proanthocyanidins (bb-pac, b-type pac structurally different from a-type pac found in cranberries) against the infectivity of hepatitis a virus (hav) and human norovirus ... | 2016 | 27299641 |
| efficacy of cinnamaldehyde against enteric viruses and its activity after incorporation into biodegradable multilayer systems of interest in food packaging. | cinnamaldehyde (cnma), an organic compound that gives cinnamon its flavor and odor, was investigated for its virucidal activity on norovirus surrogates, murine norovirus (mnv) and feline calicivirus (fcv), and hepatitis a virus (hav). initially, different concentrations of cnma (0.1, 0.5 and 1 %) were individually mixed with each virus at titers of ca. 6-7 log10 tcid50/ml and incubated 2 h at 4 and 37 °c. cnma was effective in reducing the titers of norovirus surrogates in a dose-dependent manne ... | 2016 | 27008344 |
| hepatitis e virus and the safety of plasma products: investigations into the reduction capacity of manufacturing processes. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been transmitted by transfusion of labile blood products and the occasional detection of hev rna in plasma pools indicates that hev viremic donations might enter the manufacturing process of plasma products. to verify the safety margins of plasma products with respect to hev, virus reduction steps commonly used in their manufacturing processes were investigated for their effectiveness to reduce hev. | 2016 | 26399175 |
| antiviral effects of grape seed extract against feline calicivirus, murine norovirus, and hepatitis a virus in model food systems and under gastric conditions. | grape seed extract (gse) has antiviral activities against hepatitis a virus (hav) and human norovirus surrogates (feline calicivirus (fcv-f9) and murine norovirus (mnv-1)). the objectives of this study were to determine (1) time and dose-dependence of gse against fcv-f9, mnv-1, and hav at room temperature (rt) and 37 °c over 24 h; and (2) gse effects in model foods (apple juice (aj) and 2% milk) and simulated gastric conditions at 37 °c. viruses at ∼5 log pfu/ml were treated with 0.5-8 mg/ml gse ... | 2015 | 26338111 |
| aqueous extracts of hibiscus sabdariffa calyces decrease hepatitis a virus and human norovirus surrogate titers. | hibiscus sabdariffa extract is known to have antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and antimicrobial properties. however, their effects against foodborne viruses are currently unknown. the objective of this study was to determine the antiviral effects of aqueous extracts of h. sabdariffa against human norovirus surrogates (feline calicivirus (fcv-f9) and murine norovirus (mnv-1)) and hepatitis a virus (hav) at 37 °c over 24 h. individual viruses (~5 log pfu/ml) were incubated with 40 or 100 mg/ml of aqueo ... | 2015 | 26143492 |
| thermal inactivation kinetics of human norovirus surrogates and hepatitis a virus in turkey deli meat. | human noroviruses (hnov) and hepatitis a virus (hav) have been implicated in outbreaks linked to the consumption of presliced ready-to-eat deli meats. the objectives of this research were to determine the thermal inactivation kinetics of hnov surrogates (murine norovirus 1 [mnv-1] and feline calicivirus strain f9 [fcv-f9]) and hav in turkey deli meat, compare first-order and weibull models to describe the data, and calculate arrhenius activation energy values for each model. the d (decimal reduc ... | 2015 | 25956775 |
| evaluation of natural compounds of plant origin for inactivation of enteric viruses. | essential oils (eos) and some of their main compounds have demonstrated extensive antimicrobial activity in a wide range of food spoilage or pathogenic fungi, yeast and bacteria. the aim of this study was to assess the antiviral activity of zataria multiflora boiss. (zataria) and origanum vulgare (oregano) eos on hepatitis a virus (hav) and the effect of thymol, an active compound of thymus vulgaris and oregano, on norovirus surrogates, feline calicivirus (fcv) and murine norovirus (mnv), and ha ... | 2015 | 25636749 |
| the effect of carvacrol on enteric viruses. | carvacrol, a monoterpenic phenol, is said to have extensive antimicrobial activity in a wide range of food spoilage or pathogenic fungi, yeast and bacteria. the aim of this study was to assess its antiviral activity on norovirus surrogates, feline calicivirus (fcv), murine norovirus (mnv), and hepatitis a virus (hav), as well as its potential in food applications. initially, different concentrations of carvacrol (0.25, 0.5, 1%) were individually mixed with each virus at titers of ca. 6-7 log tci ... | 2015 | 25310265 |
| a comparison of the thermal inactivation kinetics of human norovirus surrogates and hepatitis a virus in buffered cell culture medium. | human noroviruses and hepatitis a virus (hav) are considered as epidemiologically significant causes of foodborne disease. therefore, studies are needed to bridge existing data gaps and determine appropriate parameters for thermal inactivation of human noroviruses and hav. the objectives of this research were to compare the thermal inactivation kinetics of human norovirus surrogates (murine norovirus (mnv-1), and feline calicivirus (fcv-f9)) and hav in buffered medium (2-ml vials), compare first ... | 2014 | 24929739 |
| hepatitis viruses in kidney transplantation. | hepatitis viruses are named for their primary clinical illness, inflammation of the liver. currently, six types of viruses are designated hepatitis viruses (a, b, c, d, e, and g), although only five of these cause hepatitis. hepatitis viruses are composed of rna and dna viruses from different families and with different virologic properties, some of which typically cause acute hepatitis while others cause acute and chronic hepatitis. in addition to their role in liver disease, members of this gr ... | 2016 | 27772623 |
| viral hepatitis with special reference to hepatitis b virus infection in india: an overview. | hepatitis is a feature of many viral diseases usually resulting as a part of generalised infection which involves the liver. in contrast, there are at least five different hepatitis viruses (hav to hev) that primarily target the liver in humans--called hepatitis viruses, whereas the role of sixth virus (hgv) is doubtful. although symptoms produced are similar, these viruses differ greatly in their structure, mode of replication and transmission. the aim of this article is to bring out salient fe ... | 2013 | 24003570 |
| contributing factors to disease outbreaks associated with untreated groundwater. | disease outbreaks associated with drinking water drawn from untreated groundwater sources represent a substantial proportion (30.3%) of the 818 drinking water outbreaks reported to cdc's waterborne disease and outbreak surveillance system (wbdoss) during 1971 to 2008. the objectives of this study were to identify underlying contributing factors, suggest improvements for data collection during outbreaks, and inform outbreak prevention efforts. two researchers independently reviewed all qualifying ... | 2014 | 24116713 |
| induction of systemic and mucosal immunity and maintenance of its memory against influenza a virus by nasal vaccination using a new mucosal adjuvant sf-10 derived from pulmonary surfactant in young cynomolgus monkeys. | induction of systemic and mucosal immunity and maintenance of its memory was investigated in 12 young male cynomolgus monkeys after intranasal instillation of flu vaccine using a new mucosal adjuvant sf-10 derived from pulmonary surfactant constituents. split-product of influenza virus a/california/7/2009(h1n1)pdm hemagglutinin vaccine (hav) at 15 μg with or without sf-10 and the adjuvant alone were instilled intranasally three times every 2 weeks. sf-10-adjuvanted hav (sf-10-hav) elicited signi ... | 2016 | 26954466 |
| vaccination coverage against hepatitis a and b viruses, streptococcus pneumoniae, seasonal flu, and a(h1n1)2009 pandemic influenza in hiv-infected patients. | several vaccines are recommended in hiv-infected patients due to an increased risk of vaccine-preventable infections, severe forms of the disease, or shared transmission routes. few data are available regarding vaccination coverage and its determinants in this population. | 2014 | 24951870 |
| pseudothrombocytopenia or platelet clumping as a possible cause of low platelet count in patients with viral infection: a case series from single institution focusing on hepatitis a virus infection. | pseudothrombocytopenia (ptcp) is the phenomenon of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid anticoagulant-activated platelet clumping, which results in artificially low platelet counts. other investigators have reported a few cases of ptcp associated with viral infections. the objective of this study was to demonstrate the association of viral infection with ptcp. | 2013 | 22958573 |
| influenza a (h1n1) 2009 pandemic calm down the prevalence of acute hepatitis a in the latter half of 2009: korean population study. | there was a spiking incidence of acute hepatitis a (aha) in 2009 summer, but it went down drastically after an outbreak of influenza a (h1n1). we assessed the relationship between 2009 h1n1 pandemic and aha prevalence from august to december 2009. | 2012 | 22617530 |
| prioritization of the introduction of new vaccines to the national immunization program in the republic of korea. | this study was performed to determine the priority of vaccine introduction for five vaccine-preventable diseases (vpds) caused by haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), pneumococcus (spn), hepatitis a virus (hepa), rotavirus (rv), and human papillomavirus (hpv) to the future korean national immunization program (nip) and to suggest framework programs to assist decision makers on implementation of the nip. | 2014 | 25239482 |
| [first case of hepatitis b virus genotype h infection in turkey]. | clinical studies reported from turkey indicate that hepatitis b virus (hbv) genotype d is more prevalent than other genotypes. epidemiological and clinical information on genotype h infection is currently limited. genotype h infection is most likely due to its regional (central and south america) prevalence throughout the world. the aim of this report is to present the first hbv genotype h infection in a chronic hepatitis b patient in turkey. laboratory findings of a 42 years old male patient ad ... | 2013 | 23971934 |
| cytotoxin-associated gene antigen-positive strains of helicobacter pylori and recurring acute coronary syndromes. | cytotoxin-associated gene antigen (caga)-positive strains of helicobacter pylori have previously been associated with acute coronary syndromes. however, the role of caga-positive strains of helicobacter pylori in recurring cardiac events after st-segment elevation myocardial infarction (stemi) has not yet been assessed. | 2016 | 26798071 |
| serologic evidence for fecal-oral transmission of helicobacter pylori. | helicobacter pylori infection is among the most prevalent infections in the world and a key cause of gastric diseases; however, its route of transmission remains unclear. this study aimed to assess the potential for fecal-oral transmission of h. pylori by leveraging its association with a disease with known etiology. utilizing serology data from the national health and nutrition examination survey (nhanes 1999; n = 6,347), the association between h. pylori and hepatitis a virus (hav), a sensitiv ... | 2016 | 26598563 |
| seroprevalence of helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus among children in rural central taiwan. | helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus (hav) are thought to have similar routes of transmission and epidemiology. this study investigated the seroprevalence of these 2 pathogens among children in rural, central taiwan. serum samples were collected from 856 children between 2010 and 2012 and levels of anti-hav and anti-h. pylori antibodies were measured by elisa. questionnaires were used to investigate possible risk factors. the overall h. pylori and hav infection rates were 6% and 0.8%, respe ... | 2015 | 25866110 |
| role of viruses and other microbes in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. | type 1 diabetes is caused by an immune-mediated destruction of insulin producing beta-cells in the pancreas. the risk of the disease is determined by interactions between more than 40 different susceptibility genes and yet unidentified environmental factors. the rapidly increasing incidence indicates that these environmental agents have a significant role in the pathogenesis. microbes have associated with both increased and decreased risk reflecting their possible role as risk or protective fact ... | 2014 | 24611784 |
| age-dependent association among helicobacter pylori infection, serum pepsinogen levels and immune response of children to live oral cholera vaccine cvd 103-hgr. | through its effects on gastric secretion, we hypothesized that helicobacter pylori infection may influence oral immunization. accordingly, we examined the association between h. pylori infection, serum pepsinogen (pg) (measures for h. pylori gastritis) and vibriocidal antibody (a correlate of protection) seroconversion following oral immunization with cvd 103-hgr live cholera vaccine among children of different ages. | 2014 | 24454714 |
| acute infectious hepatitis in hospitalised children: a british paediatric surveillance unit study. | hepatitis remains a key public health priority globally. most childhood cases are caused by viruses, especially hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). this study aimed to estimate the burden of acute infectious hepatitis in hospitalised children and to describe their clinical characteristics and outcomes. | 2017 | 28377449 |
| infectious diseases prevalence, vaccination coverage, and diagnostic challenges in a population of internationally adopted children referred to a tertiary care children's hospital from 2009 to 2015. | infectious diseases are common in internationally adopted children (iac).with the objective to evaluate infectious diseases prevalence in a large cohort of iac and to explore possible risk factors for tuberculosis (tb) and parasitic infections, clinical and laboratory data at first screening visit of all iac (<18 years) consecutively referred to our center in 2009 to 2015 were collected and analyzed.in total, 1612 children (median age: 5.40 years; interquartile range: 3.00-7.90) were enrolled, 1 ... | 2017 | 28328809 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a, hepatitis b and varicella virus in people living with hiv in ireland. | epidemiological studies investigating seroprevalence of vaccine preventable infections at both individual and population level are important in guiding screening and vaccination practices. data on seroprevalence of common vaccine preventable infections in hiv-infected individuals is lacking. we carried out a retrospective cohort study to investigate serological immunity and factors associated with immunity to hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and varicalla virus (vzv) in a cohort ... | 2017 | 28302512 |
| severity and outcome of acute-on-chronic liver failure is dependent on the etiology of acute hepatic insults: analysis of 368 patients. | acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) may be precipitated by various hepatic insults. the present study evaluated the outcomes of aclf with different acute insults. | 2017 | 28296656 |
| evaluation of two vidas (®)prototypes for detecting anti-hev igg. | high performance anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg assays are crucial for epidemiology. | 2017 | 28249234 |
| hepatitis viruses in ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | the existing seroepidemiological data on viral hepatitis in ethiopia showed a wide variation in prevalence pattern and the clinical and public health burden have been underestimated. the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide a clear and comprehensive estimation of viral hepatitis epidemiology and the potential clinical burdens in ethiopia. | 2016 | 27993129 |
| performance characteristics of a new consensus commercial kit for hepatitis d virus rna viral load quantification. | hepatitis d virus (hdv) is responsible for fulminant hepatitis and liver failure and accelerates evolution toward cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis b virus (hbv)-infected patients. to date, treatment relies upon long-term administration of pegylated alpha-interferon with a sustained virological response in 30% of the patients. very recently, new, promising anti-hdv therapies have been developed and are already being used in clinical trials. hdv rna viral load (hdvl) monitoring ... | 2017 | 27881614 |
| antibodies against hepatitis a and hepatitis b virus in intravenous immunoglobulin products. | the worldwide seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) has changed over the last two decades, indicating a declining incidence of hav and hbv infections. therefore, vaccinations against hav and hbv are recommended for unimmunized people before traveling to an endemic area. unfortunately, primary antibody deficiency (pad) patients can only obtain humoral immunity through intravenous immunoglobulin g (ivig) replacement and not from vaccination because of a defect in an ... | 2016 | 27822932 |
| incidence and characteristics of hepatitis e virus infection in children in assiut, upper egypt. | objective to describe the characteristics of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in a cohort of children from upper egypt using data from a large multicentre prospective study of acute viral hepatitis (avh). methods data from subjects aged 2-18 years with avh or close contacts of those with avh found to have asymptomatic avh were included in the analysis. information concerning medical history, clinical examination, liver function tests and screening for hepatotropic viruses was recorded and analy ... | 2016 | 27688687 |
| viral hepatitis: indian scenario. | viral hepatitis is a cause for major health care burden in india and is now equated as a threat comparable to the "big three" communicable diseases - hiv/aids, malaria and tuberculosis. hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus are predominantly enterically transmitted pathogens and are responsible to cause both sporadic infections and epidemics of acute viral hepatitis. hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus are predominantly spread via parenteral route and are notorious to cause chronic hepatit ... | 2016 | 27546957 |
| hav and hbv seroprevalence in 1,000 patients with chronic hcv infection in a tertiary care center in são paulo, brazil. | background. patients with chronic hcv infection and superinfection by hepatitis a virus (hav) or hepatitis b virus (hbv) have higher morbidity and mortality when compared with those without hcv infection. therefore, hav and hbv active immunization has become mandatory in this population and hence their serological markers must be determined. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of serological markers of hav and hbv infection in patients with chronic hcv. | 2017 | 27493107 |
| immunogenicity and safety of the inactivated japanese encephalitis vaccine ixiaro® in elderly subjects: open-label, uncontrolled, multi-center, phase 4 study. | ixiaro® is a vero cell-derived, inactivated japanese encephalitis (je) vaccine licensed mainly in western countries for children and adults traveling to je endemic areas. limited immunogenicity and safety data in elderly travelers have been available. | 2016 | 27460550 |
| high seroprevalence of asymptomatic viral haemoparasites among prospective blood donors in nigeria. | to determine the prevalence of viral haemoparasites in prospective nigerian blood donors. | 2016 | 27393093 |
| immune responses and immunopathology in acute and chronic viral hepatitis. | hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) are responsible for most cases of viral hepatitis. infection by each type of virus results in a different typical natural disease course and clinical outcome that are determined by virological and immunological factors. hcv tends to establish a chronic persistent infection, whereas hav does not. hbv is effectively controlled in adults, although it persists for a lifetime after neonatal infection. in this review, we disc ... | 2016 | 27374637 |
| vaccinating adult patients with cirrhosis: trends over a decade in the united states. | introduction. the progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis involves both innate and adaptive immune system dysfunction resulting in increased risk of infectious complications. vaccinations against pneumococcus, hepatitis a virus (hav), and hepatitis b virus (hbv) are well tolerated and effective in disease prevention and reduction in morbidity and mortality. prior studies assessing vaccination rates in patients with cirrhosis have specific limitations and to date no study has provided a ... | 2016 | 27239192 |
| multiplex qpcr for serodetection and serotyping of hepatitis viruses: a brief review. | the present review describes the current status of multiplex quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assays developed and used globally for detection and subtyping of hepatitis viruses in body fluids. several studies have reported the use of multiplex qpcr for the detection of hepatitis viruses, including hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), and hepatitis e virus (hev). in addition, multiplex qpcr has also been develo ... | 2016 | 27239109 |
| multiplex reverse transcriptase-pcr for simultaneous detection of hepatitis b, c, and e virus. | the hepatitis b virus (hbv), hcv, and hev may occur as singly or concurrently in patients of different kind of liver disease. the rapid, reliable, and cost-effective screening of these pathogens is required for the large epidemiological studies. therefore, a study has been planned to develop a multiplex reverse transcriptase-pcr assay which can be used for the screening of maximum number of pathogens at a time. | 2016 | 27194894 |
| history and global burden of viral hepatitis. | between 1963 and 1989, 5 hepatotropic viruses have been discovered that are the major causes of viral hepatitides worldwide: hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis e virus. their epidemiology and pathogenesis have been studied in great detail. furthermore, the structure and genetic organization of their dna or rna genome including the viral life cycle have been elucidated and have been successfully translated into important clinic ... | 2017 | 27170381 |
| which is safer source plasma for manufacturing in china: apheresis plasma or recovered plasma? | in most countries, the plasma for derivative production includes two types of plasma, apheresis plasma (ap) and recovered plasma (rp). however, the plasma recovered from whole blood is not permitted for manufacture in china. because of the lack of source plasma and the surplus of rp, the chinese government is considering allowing rp as an equivalent source for the production of plasma derivatives. it is known that human blood can be contaminated by various infectious agents. the objective of the ... | 2016 | 27167358 |
| disclosure of sexual orientation and uptake of hiv testing and hepatitis vaccination for rural men who have sex with men. | the decision and ability of primary care clinician to make recommendations for routine human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing and hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccines are shaped by knowledge of their patient's risk behaviors. for men who have sex with men, such knowledge requires disclosure of same-sex sexual behavior or sexual identity. | 2016 | 26951591 |
| sandwich immunoassays of multicomponent subtrace pathogenic dna based on magnetic fluorescent encoded nanoparticles. | a novel magnetic fluorescent encoded nanoimmunoassay system for multicomponent detection and separation of the subtrace pathogenic dna (hepatitis b virus surface gene, hbv; hepatitis a virus poly the protein gene, hav) was established based on new type of magnetic fluorescent encoded nanoparticles and sandwich immunoassay principle. this method combines multifunctional nanoparticles, immunoassay technique, fluorescence labeling, and magnetic separation of multicomponent technology. it has many a ... | 2016 | 26881227 |
| immunogenicity, effectiveness and safety of combined hepatitis a and b vaccine: a systematic literature review. | hepatitis a and b are two of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccination for hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) is recommended for those at risk of contracting hav and/or hbv through their occupation, travel or lifestyle. | 2016 | 26840060 |
| hepatitis a and b screening and vaccination rates among patients with chronic liver disease. | vaccinations against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) are recommended for patients with chronic liver disease (cld), yet implementation of these recommendations is lacking. this study reviewed hav and hbv antibody testing and vaccination status of patients with cld. in 2008, we began using pre-printed liver order sets, which included vaccination options. we compared scott & white liver clinic cld patient records from 2005 (238) with patient records from 2008 (792). screening r ... | 2016 | 26836326 |
| the impact of chronic carrier of hepatitis b virus on liver function in a 7-day ultramarathon race. | several changes in physiological characteristics occur during long-distance and 24-hour ultramarathons, including hyponatremia, skeletal muscle breakdown, plasma volume changes, iron depletion, anemia, and possible hepatic damage. the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of hepatitis b virus (hbv) carrier status on liver function during multi-day races. | 2016 | 26809857 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence in patients with chronic viral hepatitis in konya, turkey. | hepatitis a is among the diseases that can be prevented with vaccination in our time. acute hepatitis a progresses more severely in individuals with a liver disease. therefore, patients with a chronic liver disease (because of hepatitis b or hepatitis c) are advised vaccination with the hepatitis a vaccine. this study is aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies in patients infected with hepatitis c virus or hepatitis b virus in konya province of turkey. | 2016 | 26703930 |
| rates of hiv and hepatitis infections in clients entering heroin-assisted treatment between 2003 and 2013 and risk factors for hepatitis c infection. | we report on the rates of hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in 1,313 clients entering heroin-assisted treatment (hat) in switzerland from 2003 to 2013. we identify predictors of hcv infection. | 2016 | 26656112 |
| hepatotropic viruses as etiological agents of acute liver failure and related-outcomes among children in india: a retrospective hospital-based study. | acute liver failure (alf) is marked by a sudden loss of hepatic function and is associated with a high mortality rate in children. the etiology of alf is shown to vary geographically. this study assessed the frequency of hepatotropic viruses as etiological agents of alf in indian children. | 2015 | 26311040 |
| seroprevalence for hepatitis e and other viral hepatitides among diverse populations, malawi. | data on prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in malawi is limited. we tested blood samples from hiv-uninfected and -infected populations of women and men enrolled in research studies in malawi during 1989-2008 to determine the seroprevalence of hev, hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv). samples were tested for igg against hev, total antibodies against hav and hcv, and presence of hbv surface antigens. of 800 samples tested, 16.5% were positive for hev ig ... | 2015 | 26079666 |
| internet-based recruitment system for hiv and sti screening for men who have sex with men in estonia, 2013: analysis of preliminary outcomes. | the aim of the current project was to develop an internet-based recruitment system for hiv and sexually transmitted infection (sti) screening for men who have sex with men (msm) in estonia in order to collect biological samples during behavioural studies. in 2013, an internet-based hiv risk-behaviour survey was conducted among msm living in estonia. after completing the questionnaire, all participants were offered anonymous and free-of-charge sti testing. they could either order a urine sample k ... | 2015 | 25953131 |
| nursing case management, peer coaching, and hepatitis a and b vaccine completion among homeless men recently released on parole: randomized clinical trial. | although hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections are vaccine-preventable diseases, few homeless parolees coming out of prisons and jails have received the hepatitis a and b vaccination series. | 2017 | 25932697 |
| hepatitis a and b among young persons who inject drugs--vaccination, past, and present infection. | our study aims were to assess hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) susceptibility and infection among young persons who inject drugs (pwid) who may have been vaccinated as children and to evaluate self-report of hav and hbv vaccination. | 2015 | 25889161 |
| coinfection of hepatitis e virus and other hepatitis virus in colombia and its genotypic characterization. | hepatitis e virus has emerged as a public health problem, particularly in developing countries. the four genotypes identified in mammals include the g3 found in indigenous hepatitis in countries and regions with high porcine population, and the g1, associated with maternal deaths. | 2015 | 27622794 |
| increased incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in the recent years: data from the icona cohort. | sexually transmitted diseases (stds) data collected in hiv+ patients could be used as indicator of risky sexual behaviour possibly linked to hiv transmission. we described the stds incidence over time and identified higher incidence factors. | 2014 | 25394157 |
| a hospital-based retrospective study on frequency and distribution of viral hepatitis. | viral hepatitis is a major public health problem throughout the world. it is the inflammation of the liver due to the infection of any of the five main hepatic viruses a to e and it affects the liver through different modes of transmission. this study mainly aims at the frequency and distribution of viral hepatitis based on age and sex during a time period of 5 years. | 2014 | 25191049 |
| clinical and molecular analyses of sporadic acute hepatitis a and e and the specific viral genotypes isolated in iwate and three neighboring prefectures in the northern part of honshu, japan, between 2004 and 2013. | to examine the prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in the northern part of honshu, japan, during the last decade. | 2015 | 25146162 |
| a one-tube multiplexed colorimetric strategy based on plasmonic nanoparticles combined with non-negative matrix factorization. | herein, a one-tube colorimetric platform has been developed for the simultaneous determination of two analytes (dna as model object) in one tube with picomolar sensitivity. spr-active nanoparticles are used to encode reporter probes sensitive to oligonucleotides associated with hepatitis a virus vall7 polyprotein gene (hva) and hepatitis b virus surface-antigen gene (hvb) respectively and magnetic beads (mbs) serve as the removal tool. in this mixed nanoparticles based biosensor, the addition of ... | 2014 | 25059165 |
| hiv infection and risk, prevention, and testing behaviors among injecting drug users -- national hiv behavioral surveillance system, 20 u.s. cities, 2009. | at the end of 2009, an estimated 1,148,200 persons aged ≥13 years were living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in the united states. despite the recent decreases in hiv infection attributed to injection drug use, 8% of new hiv infections in 2010 occurred among injecting drug users (idus). | 2014 | 24990587 |
| hepatic flares in chronic hepatitis c: spontaneous exacerbation vs hepatotropic viruses superinfection. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) causes an acute infection that is frequently asymptomatic, but a spontaneous eradication of hcv infection occurs only in one-third of patients. the remaining two-thirds develop a chronic infection that, in most cases, shows an indolent course and a slow progression to the more advanced stages of the illness. nearly a quarter of cases with chronic hepatitis c (chc) develop liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. the indolent course of the illness may ... | 2014 | 24944463 |
| knowledge and prevalence of viral hepatitis among beauticians. | beauty treatments, such as tattooing, piercing, manicures, pedicures, and barbershop shaving, can pose an important risk of virus transmission. this study was conducted to determine hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) prevalence in a sample of beauticians from rio de janeiro (southeast brazil) and to assess the knowledge and attitudes of these professionals regarding viral hepatitis and their practices during their activities. one hundred nineteen beauti ... | 2014 | 24916521 |
| recurrent paratyphoid fever a co-infected with hepatitis a reactivated chronic hepatitis b. | we report here a case of recurrent paratyphoid fever a with hepatitis a co-infection in a patient with chronic hepatitis b. a 26-year-old male patient, who was a hepatitis b virus carrier, was co-infected with salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a and hepatitis a virus. the recurrence of the paratyphoid fever may be ascribed to the coexistence of hepatitis b, a course of ceftriaxone plus levofloxacin that was too short and the insensitivity of paratyphoid fever a to levofloxacin. we find that ... | 2014 | 24884719 |
| need for immunization against hepatotropic viruses in children with chronic liver disease. | infection with hepatotropic viruses is a common cause of acute deterioration and adverse outcome in children with chronic liver disease (cld). such superimposed infections may be preventable through vaccination. the present study aimed to evaluate the exposure rates of hepatitis a, b, and e viruses in children with cld and suggest an optimal vaccination strategy. | 2014 | 24840513 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in west bengal, india: a hospital-based study. | india is an endemic zone for hepatitis e virus (hev), which is associated with both epidemic and sporadic infections. in west bengal, only two hepatitis e outbreaks have been studied to date. however, sporadic cases of hev infection also occur during inter-epidemic periods. the aim of this hospital-based study was to detect the prevalence of hev infection in patients with acute sporadic hepatitis in west bengal, india. blood samples and clinical information were collected from 285 patients of bo ... | 2014 | 24821066 |
| poor adherence to aasld guidelines for chronic hepatitis b management and treatment in a large academic medical center. | adherence to the american association for the study of liver disease (aasld) guidelines for the management of chronic hepatitis b (chb) has not been systematically assessed. we sought to comprehensively evaluate adherence to five key areas of these guidelines. we also evaluated physician and patient factors underlying nonadherence, and predictors of nonadherence such as physician type, patient demographic factors, and phase of chb infection. | 2014 | 24732869 |
| pathogen safety of beriate®. | plasma-derived factor viii (fviii) concentrates have been used successfully to treat haemophilia a since the late 1960s. to ensure the pathogen safety of the plasma-derived fviii concentrate, beriate(®) (formerly beriate(®) p), donors of blood/plasma are carefully selected and all donations are screened for hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag), antibodies against hiv types 1 and 2 (hiv-1/hiv-2) and hepatitis c virus (hcv), and genomic material of hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus ( ... | 2014 | 24726555 |
| nf-κb activation induced by hepatitis a virus and newcastle disease virus occurs by different pathways depending on the structural pattern of viral nucleic acids. | nf-κb is activated by hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus and is assumed to contribute to viral persistence, leading to the development of hepatocellular cancer by inhibition of apoptosis mediated by cytotoxic t cells. whether hepatitis a virus (hav), which does not cause chronic infection, activates nf-κb is a topic of controversy. here, we confirm that hav activates nf-κb and show that hav enhances the activation of nf-κb by poly(i-c), but it inhibits the activation of nf-κb by newcastle d ... | 2014 | 24473712 |
| acute viral hepatitis in pediatric age groups. | our clinical experience showed that there has been no decrease in pediatric cases of acute viral hepatitis in kathmandu. the objective of the study was to analyze the etiology, clinical features, laboratory parameters, sonological findings and other to determine the probable prognostic factors of acute viral hepatitis in pediatric population. | 2016 | 26905549 |
| patients with diabetes mellitus are prone to develop severe hepatitis and liver failure due to hepatitis virus infection. | acute viral hepatitis (avh) is usually a self-limiting illness. diabetics are prone to develop liver diseases and liver regeneration is impaired in them. natural course of avh in diabetics has not been assessed and may be severe. | 2013 | 25755514 |
| epstein-barr virus infection with acute pancreatitis associated with cholestatic hepatitis. | infection-induced acute hepatitis complicated with acute pancreatitis is associated with hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus or hepatitis e virus. although rare, epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection should be considered also in the differential diagnosis if the patient has acute hepatitis combined with pancreatitis. we report a case of ebv infection with cholestatic hepatitis and pancreatitis with review of literature. an 11-year-old female was admitted due to 1-day history of abdominal pain and ... | 2013 | 24010108 |
| hepatitis e and acute-on-chronic liver failure. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis (avh) globally. it causes large scale epidemics of avh across the low- and middle income countries in asia and africa, and also causes sporadic cases of avh in the same geographical region. avh due to hev is usually an acute, self-limiting illness, similar in clinical presentation to avh caused by hepatitis a virus (hav). when hev causes avh in patients of chronic liver disease it may worsen rapidly to a syndrome called ac ... | 2013 | 25755504 |
| epidemiology and molecular analysis of hepatitis a, b and c in a semi-urban and rural area of crete. | an observational seroepidemiological study was carried out in a well-defined primary-care district on the island of crete in order to determine the recent endemicity of viral hepatitis in cretan-population. | 2013 | 23988264 |
| a randomized trial of a hepatitis care coordination model in methadone maintenance treatment. | we evaluated the efficacy of a hepatitis care coordination intervention to improve linkage to hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination and clinical evaluation of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection among methadone maintenance patients. | 2013 | 23947319 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, hepatitis d virus and hepatitis e virus as causes of acute viral hepatitis in north india: a hospital based study. | acute viral hepatitis (avh) is a major public health problem and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. | 2013 | 23883712 |
| novel single-step multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for simultaneous quantification of hepatitis virus a, b, c, and e in serum. | viral hepatitis needs an earliest diagnosis for its proper and timely treatment. although serodiagnosis of viral hepatitis is in regular practice, however, it has certain limitations and points to alternate procedures of diagnosis. present study was designed to develop a single-step multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for detection of hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis e virus (hev) related nucleic acids in sera from infe ... | 2013 | 23800094 |
| hepatitis a and hepatitis b infection prevalence and associated risk factors in men who have sex with men, bangkok, 2006-2008. | despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, little is known about prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis a (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection among thai men who have sex with men. the prevalence of hav and hbv infection among men who have sex with men cohort in bangkok was assessed. baseline blood specimens were drawn and demographic and behavioral data were collected. bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors for prevalent ... | 2013 | 23797893 |
| changes in the balance between treg and th17 cells in patients with chronic hepatitis b. | the purpose of this study was to explore the role of treg cells, th17 cells and cytokines associated with treg/th17 differentiation in the occurrence, development and outcome of chronic hepatitis b (chb). to do so, we detected populations of treg and th17 cells and their associated cytokines in the peripheral blood of chb patients. the populations of treg cells (cd4(+)cd25(high)cd127(low) t cells) and th17 cells (cd3(+)cd8(-)il-17(+) t cells) were analyzed in 46 patients with low to moderate chr ... | 2013 | 23747030 |
| reduced expression of dna damage repair genes high mobility group box1 and poly(adp-ribose) polymerase1 in inactive carriers of hepatitis b virus infection-a possible stage of viral integration. | high mobility group box1 (hmgb1) and poly(adp-ribose) polymerase1 (parp1) proteins repair cellular dna damage. reduced expression of the corresponding genes can lead to an impaired dna damage repair mechanism. intracellular replication of hepatitis b virus (hbv) in such conditions can favor the integration of viral dna into host genome leading to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). | 2013 | 25755481 |
| are liver transplant recipients protected against hepatitis a and b? | liver transplant recipients are at an increased risk for liver failure when infected with hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). therefore, it is important to vaccinate these individuals. the aim of the study was to evaluate how well liver transplanted patients in our unit were protected against hav and hbv infection. furthermore we investigated the vaccination rate and the antibody response to vaccination in these liver transplanted patients. | 2013 | 23622657 |
| case of acute hepatitis e with concomitant signs of autoimmunity. | sporadic cases of acute viral hepatitis e have been described in developed countries, despite the more common occurrence in endemic areas and developing countries. we present the case of a 58 years old portuguese female, with no epidemiological relevant factors, admitted with acute hepatitis with positive anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-smooth muscle antibody and high serum gamma globulin (> 1.5 fold increase). serologies for hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, epstein-barr vi ... | 2013 | 23556050 |
| birth cohort screening for chronic hepatitis during colonoscopy appointments. | more than 70% of infections with hepatitis c viruses (hcv) occur among people born between 1945 and 1965 (baby boomers). the us centers for disease control estimate that 70% of people with chronic hepatitis are not aware that they are infected with a virus. we performed a prospective trial to determine whether people born during this time period would accept testing for chronic viral infection (hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hcv) during routine colonoscopies. we also evaluated acceptance and effica ... | 2013 | 23511461 |
| etiology and prognosis of fulminant hepatitis and late-onset hepatic failure in japan: summary of the annual nationwide survey between 2004 and 2009. | to summarize the annual nationwide survey on fulminant hepatitis (fh) and late-onset hepatic failure (lohf) between 2004 and 2009 in japan. | 2013 | 23409848 |
| seroprevalence of measles, mumps, rubella, varicella-zoster and hepatitis a-c in emirati medical students. | the aims of this study were to assess the seroprevalence of vaccine-preventable infections in emirati medical students, and to provide scientific evidence for implementation of a cost-effective immunization guideline and policy for medical school admission. | 2012 | 23217121 |
| epidemiology of viral hepatitis in saudi arabia: are we off the hook? | some 400 million people worldwide are currently infected with the hepatitis b virus (hbv), and the infection is common in the middle east. another 170 million people around the globe presently live with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. both hbv and hcv represent a worldwide epidemic. despite significant decline in the prevalence of hbv and hcv infection in saudi arabia, these viral diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality, and impose a great burden on the country's healthcare ... | 2017 | 23150019 |
| response to hepatitis a and b vaccination in pediatric patients with celiac disease. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the response to hepatitis a and b vaccinations in pediatric patients with celiac disease (cd). | 2013 | 23132166 |
| etiology, incidence and outcomes of acute hepatic failure in 0-18 year old filipino children. | data on the epidemiology of acute hepatic failure (ahf) among pediatric filipinos is limited. this study investigated the etiology, outcomes and incidence of ahf among 0-18 year old filipino children. a hospital-based retrospective and prospective surveillance study was conducted at philippine general hospital between january 2000 and december 2006. ahf was defined as onset of coagulopathy and/or encephalopathy < or = 28 days after the onset of symptoms, a patient/ laboratory prothrombin time >2 ... | 2012 | 23077857 |
| viral hepatitis: global goals for vaccination. | in countries where hepatitis a is highly endemic, exposure to hepatitis a virus (hav) is almost universal before the age of 10 years, and large-scale immunization efforts are not required. in contrast, in areas of intermediate endemicity or in transition from high to intermediate endemicity, where transmission occurs primarily from person to person in the general community (often with periodic outbreaks), control of hepatitis a may be achieved through widespread vaccination programmes. hepatitis ... | 2012 | 22999800 |
| knowledge, attitudes and barriers regarding vaccination against hepatitis a and b in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus infection: a survey of family medicine and internal medicine physicians in the united states. | although vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) is recommended for all patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, physician vaccination practices are suboptimal. since training for family medicine (fm) and internal medicine (im) physicians differ, we hypothesised that there are differences in knowledge, attitudes and barriers regarding vaccination against hav and hbv in patients with chronic hcv between these two groups. | 2012 | 22994334 |
| an audit of pneumococcal and hepatitis vaccination in an outpatient hiv clinic. | hiv-positive adults are at risk of vaccine preventable infections including streptococcus pneumoniae, hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). uptake of immunisations in hiv patients is suboptimal despite evidence of efficacy. | 2012 | 22950965 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis virus infection in men who have sex with men aged 18-40 years in taiwan. | men who have sex with men (msm) are at increased risk for hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections than the general population. comparisons of the seroprevalence rates of these hepatitis viruses between hiv-positive and hiv-negative msm are rarely performed in taiwan. | 2012 | 22939661 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b and a virus markers and vaccination indication in cirrhotic patients evaluated for liver transplantation in spain. | in the absence of immunity, vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) is recommended for patients with chronic liver disease and those evaluated for liver transplantation (olt) hav and hbv infections after olt which are frequent in this setting, are associated with a worse prognosis. the aim of this study was to estimate the need for vaccination against hbv and hav among cirrhotic patients who were candidates for olt and associations with gender, age, and etiologic ... | 2015 | 22841196 |
| response to hepatitis a and b vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis c: 8-year follow-up. | in patients with chronic hepatitis c (chc), superinfection with hepatitis a (hav) or b (hab) viruses is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. the seroconversion rate of these patients following vaccination is considered to be lower than in healthy subjects. | 2012 | 22824660 |
| the burden of liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. | introduction of effective combined antiretroviral therapy has made human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection a chronic illness. substantial reductions in the number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome- (aids-) related deaths have been accompanied by an increase in liver-related morbidity and mortality. liver diseases rank in the first three most-common causes of death in hiv-infected persons. mortality is mainly due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma induced by hepatitis c virus and ... | 2012 | 22760649 |