| studies on the probing stimulants for the white-backed planthopper, sogatella furcifera (homoptera: delphacidae) in rice plant (oryza sativa l.). | to elucidate the probing stimulants in rice plants for the white-backed planthopper, sogatella furcifera, bioassay-guided separations were conducted, which led to the isolation of four active compounds. using nmr and lc-ms spectra, their structures were determined as isoorientin 2″-o-(6‴-(e)-feruloyl)glucoside, isoorientin 2″-o-(6‴-(e)-p-coumaroyl)glucoside, tricin 5-o-glucoside, and isoscoparin 2″-o-(6‴-(e)-feruloyl)glucoside. | 2016 | 27685157 |
| fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qhd5, a novel major qtl with pleiotropism for yield-related traits in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a major qtl for heading date, qhd5, was fine-mapped to a 52.59-kb region on the short arm of rice chromosome 5. heading date (hd) is one of the most important traits that enables rice to adapt to seasonal differences and specific growth conditions in diverse growing regions. in this study, a major-effect quantitative trait locus (qtl), qhd5, was resolved as a single medelian factor that causes nil(bg1) and nil(xlj) (two near-isogenic lines (nils) used in our study) to have at a minimum of 10-day ... | 2017 | 27677631 |
| analysis of allelic imbalance in rice hybrids under water stress and association of asymmetrically expressed genes with drought-response qtls. | information on the effect of stress on the allele-specific expression (ase) profile of rice hybrids is limited. more so, the association of allelically imbalanced genes to important traits is yet to be understood. here we assessed allelic imbalance (ai) in the heterozygote state of rice under non- and water-stress treatments and determined association of asymmetrically expressed genes with grain yield (gy) under drought stress by in-silico co-localization analysis and selective genotyping. the g ... | 2016 | 27671164 |
| the active space of mexican rice borer pheromone traps. | the mexican rice borer, eoreuma loftini (dyar) (lepidoptera: crambidae), is an invasive pest of sugarcane, saccharum spp., rice, oryza sativa l., and other graminaceous crops in the united states. traps baited with the synthetic female sex pheromone of e. loftini are used for monitoring and management of this invasive pest. however, the active space, or radius of attraction, of these traps is not known. two field experiments examined the effect of intertrap distance on trap captures with hexagon ... | 2016 | 27665613 |
| rare earth elements and (87)sr/(86)sr isotopic characterization of indian basmati rice as potential tool for its geographical authenticity. | the increasing demand for premium priced indian basmati rice (oryza sativa) in world commodity market causing fraudulent activities like adulteration, mislabelling. in order to develop authentication method for indian basmati rice, (87)sr/(86)sr ratios and rees composition of basmati rice, soil and water samples were determined and evaluated their ability as geographical tracer in the present study. in addition, the possible source of sr in rice plant has also been examined. basmati rice samples ... | 2017 | 27664633 |
| changes of phenolic-acids and vitamin e profiles on germinated rough rice (oryza sativa l.) treated by high hydrostatic pressure. | this study was performed to investigate changes in the phenolic acid and vitamin e profiles of germinated rough rice following high hydrostatic pressure treatment (hpt). rough rice was germinated at 37°c for two days and subjected to 0.1, 10, 30, 50, and 100mpa pressures for 24h. the total phenolic acid content increased from 85.37μg/g at 0.1mpa to 183.52μg/g at 100mpa. the highest gallic acid (4.29μg/g), catechin (9.55μg/g), p-coumaric acid (8.36μg/g), ferulic acid (14.99μg/g), salicylic acid ( ... | 2017 | 27664614 |
| manganese-induced cadmium stress tolerance in rice seedlings: coordinated action of antioxidant defense, glyoxalase system and nutrient homeostasis. | the accumulation of cadmium (cd) alters different physiological and biochemical attributes that affect plant growth and yield. in our study, we investigated the regulatory role of supplemental manganese (mn) on hydroponically grown rice (oryza sativa l. cv. brri dhan29) seedlings under cd-stress conditions. exposure of 14-d-old seedlings to 0.3mm cdcl2 for three days caused growth inhibition, chlorosis, nutrient imbalance, and higher cd accumulation. higher cd uptake caused oxidative stress thro ... | 2017 | 27662772 |
| genomewide association analysis for awn length linked to the seed shattering gene qsh1 in rice. | awn is one of the most important domesticated traits in rice (oryza sativa). understanding the genetic basis of awn length is important for grain harvest and production, because long awn length is disadvantageous for both grain harvest and milling. we investigated the awn length of 529 rice cultivars and performed a genomewide association studies (gwas) in the indica and japonica subpopulations, and the whole population. in total, we found 17 loci associated with awn length. of these loci, seven ... | 2016 | 27659335 |
| genomewide analysis of the lateral organ boundaries domain gene family in vitis vinifera. | in plants, the transcription factor families have been implicated in many important biological processes. these processes include morphogenesis, signal transduction and environmental stress responses. proteins containing the lateral organ boundaries domain (lbd), which encodes a zinc finger-like domain are only found in plants. this finding indicates that this unique gene family regulates only plant-specific biological processes. lbd genes play crucial roles in the growth and development of plan ... | 2016 | 27659322 |
| egrins (environmental gene regulatory influence networks) in rice that function in the response to water deficit, high temperature, and agricultural environments. | environmental gene regulatory influence networks (egrins) coordinate the timing and rate of gene expression in response to environmental signals. egrins encompass many layers of regulation, which culminate in changes in accumulated transcript levels. here, we inferred egrins for the response of five tropical asian rice (oryza sativa) cultivars to high temperatures, water deficit, and agricultural field conditions by systematically integrating time-series transcriptome data, patterns of nucleosom ... | 2016 | 27655842 |
| rice nac transcription factor onac095 plays opposite roles in drought and cold stress tolerance. | the nac (nam, ataf and cuc) transcriptional factors constitute a large family with more than 150 members in rice and some of them have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in plant abiotic stress response. here, we report the characterization of a rice stress-responsive nac gene, onac095, and the exploration of its function in drought and cold stress tolerance. | 2016 | 27646344 |
| differential deposition of h2a.z in combination with histone modifications within related genes in oryza sativa callus and seedling. | as a histone variant, h2a.z is highly conserved among species and plays a significant role in diverse cellular processes. here, we generated genome-wide maps of h2a.z in oryza sativa (rice) callus and seedling by combining chromatin immunoprecipitation using h2a.z antibody and high-throughput sequencing. we found a significantly high peak and a small peak of h2a.z distributed at the 5' and 3' ends of highly expressed genes, respectively. h2a.z was also associated with inactive genes in both tiss ... | 2017 | 27643852 |
| overexpression of a glyoxalase gene, osgly i, improves abiotic stress tolerance and grain yield in rice (oryza sativa l.). | glyoxalase i (gly i) is a component of the glyoxalase system which is involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a byproduct of glycolysis. in the present study, a gene of rice (oryza sativa l., cv. nipponbare) encoding gly i was cloned and characterized. the quantitative real-time pcr analysis indicated that rice gly i (osgly i) was ubiquitously expressed in root, stem, leaf, leaf sheath and spikelet with varying abundance. osgly i was markedly upregulated in response to nacl, zncl2 and m ... | 2016 | 27639962 |
| ghd2, a constans-like gene, confers drought sensitivity through regulation of senescence in rice. | constans (co)-like genes have been intensively investigated for their roles in the regulation of photoperiodic flowering, but very limited information has been reported on their functions in other biological processes. here, we found that a co-like gene, ghd2 (grain number, plant height, and heading date2), which can increase the yield potential under normal growth condition just like its homologue ghd7, is involved in the regulation of leaf senescence and drought resistance. ghd2 is expressed m ... | 2016 | 27638689 |
| overexpression of oshox32 results in pleiotropic effects on plant type architecture and leaf development in rice. | the class iii homeodomain leu zipper (hd-zip iii) gene family plays important roles in plant growth and development. here, we analyze the function of oshox32, an hd-zip iii family member, and show that it exhibits pleiotropic effects on regulating plant type architecture and leaf development in rice. | 2016 | 27624698 |
| phytohormones signaling and crosstalk regulating leaf angle in rice. | leaf angle is an important agronomic trait in rice (oryza sativa l.). it affects both the efficiency of sunlight capture and nitrogen reservoirs. the erect leaf phenotype is suited for high-density planting and thus increasing crop yields. many genes regulate leaf angle by affecting leaf structure, such as the lamina joint, mechanical tissues, and the midrib. signaling of brassinosteroids (br), auxin (iaa), and gibberellins (ga) plays important roles in the regulation of lamina joint bending in ... | 2016 | 27623811 |
| building two indica rice reference genomes with pacbio long-read and illumina paired-end sequencing data. | over the past 30 years, we have performed many fundamental studies on two oryza sativa subsp. indica varieties, zhenshan 97 (zs97) and minghui 63 (mh63). to improve the resolution of many of these investigations, we generated two reference-quality reference genome assemblies using the most advanced sequencing technologies. using pacbio smrt technology, we produced over 108 (zs97) and 174 (mh63) gb of raw sequence data from 166 (zs97) and 209 (mh63) pools of bac clones, and generated ~97 (zs97) a ... | 2016 | 27622467 |
| comparative proteomic analysis reveals alterations in development and photosynthesis-related proteins in diploid and triploid rice. | polyploidy has pivotal influences on rice (oryza sativa l.) morphology and physiology, and is very important for understanding rice domestication and improving agricultural traits. diploid (dp) and triploid (tp) rice shows differences in morphological parameters, such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width and the physiological index of chlorophyll content. however, the underlying mechanisms determining these morphological differences are remain to be defined. to better understand the proteomi ... | 2016 | 27619227 |
| linking hydrogen-mediated boron toxicity tolerance with improvement of root elongation, water status and reactive oxygen species balance: a case study for rice. | boron is essential for plant growth but hazardous when present in excess. as the antioxidant properties of hydrogen gas (h2) were recently described in plants, oxidative stress induced by excess boron was investigated along with other biological responses during rice (oryza sativa) seed germination to study the beneficial role of h2 methods: rice seeds were pretreated with exogenous h2 using physiological, pharmacological and molecular approaches, the production of endogenous h2, growth status, ... | 2016 | 27616208 |
| effects of alkaline and bioorganic amendments on cadmium, lead, zinc, and nutrient accumulation in brown rice and grain yield in acidic paddy fields contaminated with a mixture of heavy metals. | paddy soils and rice (oryza sativa l.) contaminated by mixed heavy metals have given rise to great concern. field experiments were conducted over two cultivation seasons to study the effects of steel slag (ss), fly ash (fa), limestone (ls), bioorganic fertilizer (bf), and the combination of ss and bf (ssbf) on rice grain yield, cd, pb, and zn and nutrient accumulation in brown rice, bioavailability of cd, pb, and zn in soil as well as soil properties (ph and catalase), at two acidic paddy fields ... | 2016 | 27614643 |
| comparison of saccharification and fermentation of steam exploded rice straw and rice husk. | rice cultivation produces two waste streams, straw and husk, which could be exploited more effectively. chemical pretreatment studies using rice residues have largely focussed on straw exploitation alone, and often at low substrate concentrations. moreover, it is currently not known how rice husk, the more recalcitrant residue, responds to steam explosion without the addition of chemicals. | 2016 | 27602056 |
| morphogenic regulators baby boom and wuschel improve monocot transformation. | while transformation of the major monocot crops is currently possible, the process typically remains confined to one or two genotypes per species, often with poor agronomics, and efficiencies that place these methods beyond the reach of most academic laboratories. here, we report a transformation approach involving overexpression of the maize (zea mays) baby boom (bbm) and maize wuschel2 (wus2) genes, which produced high transformation frequencies in numerous previously non-transformable maize i ... | 2016 | 27600536 |
| phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase regulation in c4-pepc-expressing transgenic rice during early responses to drought stress. | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc; ec 4.1.1.31) has important functions in c4 photosynthesis and biosynthesis of intermediate metabolites. in this study, the drought resistance of c4-pepc-expressing transgenic rice (oryza sativa, line pc) plants was assessed using simulated drought conditions [i.e. polyethylene glycol (peg)-6000 treatment]. the dry weight of pc plants was higher than that of wild-type (wt) plants following treatment with 15% peg-6000 for 16 days. furthermore, the water use e ... | 2017 | 27592839 |
| population genomics identifies the origin and signatures of selection of korean weedy rice. | weedy rice is the same biological species as cultivated rice (oryza sativa); it is also a noxious weed infesting rice fields worldwide. its formation and population-selective or -adaptive signatures are poorly understood. in this study, we investigated the phylogenetics, population structure and signatures of selection of korean weedy rice by determining the whole genomes of 30 weedy rice, 30 landrace rice and ten wild rice samples. the phylogenetic tree and results of ancestry inference study c ... | 2017 | 27589078 |
| plastidic phosphoglucomutase and adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase mutants impair starch synthesis in rice pollen grains and cause male sterility. | to elucidate the starch synthesis pathway and the role of this reserve in rice pollen, we characterized mutations in the plastidic phosphoglucomutase, osppgm, and the plastidic large subunit of adp-glucose (adp-glc) pyrophosphorylase, osagpl4 both genes were up-regulated in maturing pollen, a stage when starch begins to accumulate. progeny analysis of self-pollinated heterozygous lines carrying the osppgm mutant alleles, osppgm-1 and osppgm-2, or the osagpl4 mutant allele, osagpl4-1, as well as ... | 2016 | 27588462 |
| association analysis in rice: from application to utilization. | association analysis based on linkage disequilibrium (ld) is an efficient way to dissect complex traits and to identify gene functions in rice. although association analysis is an effective way to construct fine maps for quantitative traits, there are a few issues which need to be addressed. in this review, we will first summarize type, structure, and ld level of populations used for association analysis of rice, and then discuss the genotyping methods and statistical approaches used for associa ... | 2016 | 27582745 |
| nutritional value and proteases of lentinus citrinus produced by solid state fermentation of lignocellulosic waste from tropical region. | this paper examined the growth and yield performance of lentinus citrinus on cupuaçu exocarp (theobroma grandiflorum) mixed with litter (ce + li) or rice bran (oryza sativa) (ce + rb) in the ratio of 2:1 (800 g:200 g) to investigate the nutritional composition and proteolytic potential of the fruiting body produced. significance values of yield were determined on substrate combinations. in ce + li the biological efficiency of the mushrooms was 93.5% and the content of fat (4.5%), fiber (11.0%), ... | 2016 | 27579012 |
| the rice yabby4 gene regulates plant growth and development through modulating the gibberellin pathway. | yabby genes encode seed plant-specific transcription factors that play pivotal roles in diverse aspects of leaf, shoot, and flower development. members of the yabby gene family are primarily expressed in lateral organs in a polar manner and function to specify abaxial cell fate in dicotyledons, but this polar expression is not conserved in monocotyledons. the function of yabby genes is therefore not well understood in monocotyledons. here we show that overexpression of the rice (oryza sativa l.) ... | 2016 | 27578842 |
| young seedling stripe1 encodes a chloroplast nucleoid-associated protein required for chloroplast development in rice seedlings. | young seedling stripe1 (yss1) was characterized as an important regulator of plastid-encoded plastid rna polymerase (pep) activity essential for chloroplast development at rice seedling stage. chloroplast development is coordinately regulated by plastid- and nuclear-encoding genes. although a few regulators have been reported to be involved in chloroplast development, new factors remain to be identified, given the complexity of this process. here, we report the characterization of a temperature- ... | 2017 | 27578095 |
| effects of heavy metal exposure on the morphological and microscopical characteristics of the paddy plant. | the objective of the study was to determine the effects of heavy metal exposure on the morphology and anatomy of paddy plant (oryza sativa l.). paddy plants were treated with single and combined close of cd and pb (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm) at 35 days after germination. the results showed leaf chlorosis, decrease in number of roots and shoot height under both single and combined treatment. heavy metal content in paddy was in the order of root>stem>grain>leaf and was highest at reproductive stage ... | 2016 | 29251878 |
| differential regulation of protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase abundances by virescent 5a (osv5a) and virescent 5b (osv5b) in rice seedlings. | | 2016 | 27565208 |
| damage by tibraca limbativentris stål (pentatomidae) to upland rice cultivated in amazon rainforest region (brazil) at different growth stages. | in this study, we evaluated the damage caused in the field by tibraca limbativentris stål adults at different levels of infestation (0, 1, 2, and 4 stink bugs) per three rice plants during three growth stages (v8, v13, and r4 stages) of upland rice cultivated in southwestern of pará state, amazon rainforest region, brazil. heading time (panicle exertion) was affected by t. limbativentris infestations mainly in the vegetative stage and the whiteheads percentage in treatments ranged from 18.2 to 3 ... | 2017 | 27558273 |
| one-step generation of chromosomal rearrangements in rice. | the combination of the dna sequence-specific recombination system cre/loxp and the dna transposon system activator (ac)/dissociation (ds) has been used for insertional and deletional mutagenesis, as well as for the generation of artificial ring chromosomes in model plants such as arabidopsis and tobacco. however, it takes a long time to complete this process, even in arabidopsis. to overcome this issue, a new binary vector, pdlhc, has been developed to induce chromosomal rearrangements for a sho ... | 2016 | 27557686 |
| generation and analysis of transposon ac/ds-induced chromosomal rearrangements in rice plants. | closely-located transposable elements (tes) have been known to induce chromosomal breakage and rearrangements via alternative transposition. to study genome rearrangements in rice, an ac/ds system has been employed. this system comprises an immobile ac element expressed under the control of camv 35s promoter, and a modified ds element. a starter line carried ac and a single copy of ds at the osrlg5 (oryza sativa receptor-like gene 5). to enhance the transpositional activity, seed-derived calli w ... | 2016 | 27557685 |
| qtl detection and elite alleles mining for stigma traits in oryza sativa by association mapping. | stigma traits are very important for hybrid seed production in oryza sativa, which is a self-pollinated crop; however, the genetic mechanism controlling the traits is poorly understood. in this study, we investigated the phenotypic data of 227 accessions across 2 years and assessed their genotypic variation with 249 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. by combining phenotypic and genotypic data, a genome-wide association (gwa) map was generated. large phenotypic variations in stigma length (stl ... | 2016 | 27555858 |
| lanthanum regulates the reactive oxygen species in the roots of rice seedlings. | in this study, the effects of la(3+) on the reactive oxygen species (ros) and antioxidant metabolism were studied in the roots of rice (oryza sativa l. cv shengdao 16) exposed to increasing concentrations of la(3+) (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm). the level of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and malondialdehyde was increased by 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm la(3+), and the activity of catalase and peroxidase was increased by 0.05 and 0.1 mm la(3+). however, la(3+) treatments stimulated superoxide d ... | 2016 | 27546334 |
| abnormal vascular bundles regulates cell proliferation and procambium cell establishment during aerial organ development in rice. | to understand the molecular mechanisms of rice aerial organ development, we identified a mutant gene that caused a significant decrease in the width of aerial organs, termed abnormal vascular bundles (avb). histological analysis showed that the slender aerial organs were caused by cell number reduction. in avb, the number of vascular bundles in aerial organs was reduced, whereas the area of the vascular bundles was increased. ploidy analysis and the in situ expression patterns of histone h4 conf ... | 2017 | 27545518 |
| genome-wide association study of eating and cooking qualities in different subpopulations of rice (oryza sativa l.). | starch and protein are two major components of polished rice, and the amylose and protein contents affect eating and cooking qualities (ecqs). in the present study, genome-wide association study with high-quality re-sequencing data was performed for 10 ecqs in a panel of 227 non-glutinous rice accessions and four derived panels. | 2016 | 27544770 |
| albino leaf 2 is involved in the splicing of chloroplast group i and ii introns in rice. | chloroplasts play an essential role in plant growth and development through manipulating photosynthesis and the production of hormones and metabolites. although many genes or regulators involved in chloroplast biogenesis and development have been isolated and characterized, identification of novel components is still lacking. we isolated a rice (oryza sativa) mutant, termed albino leaf 2 (al2), using genetic screening. phenotypic analysis revealed that the al2 mutation caused obvious albino leav ... | 2016 | 27543605 |
| accumulation and translocation of methylmercury and inorganic mercury in oryza sativa: an enriched isotope tracer study. | methylmercury (mehg) accumulation in rice is an emerging human health issue, but uptake pathways and translocation into the grain remain poorly understood. we grew oryza sativa plants in pots of wetland soil amended with an enriched mercury isotope (94.3% 200hg) tracer, alongside unvegetated control pots, and assessed both ambient and tracer mehg and inorganic hg (ihg) concentrations in soil and plant tissues at three growth stages. based on similar ratios of ambient:tracer mehg concentrations i ... | 2017 | 27542632 |
| overexpression of glycolate oxidase confers improved photosynthesis under high light and high temperature in rice. | while glycolate oxidase (glo) is well known as a key enzyme for the photorespiratory metabolism in plants, its physiological function and mechanism remains to be further clarified. our previous studies have shown that suppression of glo in rice leads to stunted growth and inhibited photosynthesis (pn) which is positively and linearly correlated with decreased glo activities. it is, therefore, of interest to further understand whether pn can be improved when glo is up-regulated? in this study, fo ... | 2016 | 27540387 |
| socio-economic characterisation of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) growers and date value chains in pakistan. | increasing food production to feed its rapidly growing population is a major policy goal of pakistan. the production of traditional staples such as rice (oryza sativa l.) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has been intensified in many regions, but not in remote, drought-ridden areas. in these arid, marginal environments dates and their by-products are an option to complement staples given their high nutritive value and storability. to fill knowledge gaps about the role of date palm in the ho ... | 2016 | 27536506 |
| whole-plant dynamic system of nitrogen use for vegetative growth and grain filling in rice plants (oryza sativa l.) as revealed through the production of 350 grains from a germinated seed over 150 days: a review and synthesis. | a single germinated rice (oryza sativa l) seed can produce 350 grains with the sequential development of 15 leaves on the main stem and 7-10 leaves on four productive tillers (forming five panicles in total), using nitrogen (n) taken up from the environment over a 150-day growing season. nitrogen travels from uptake sites to the grain through growing organ-directed cycling among sequentially developed organs. over the past 40 years, the dynamic system for n allocation during vegetative growth an ... | 2016 | 27536309 |
| extensive sequence divergence between the reference genomes of two elite indica rice varieties zhenshan 97 and minghui 63. | asian cultivated rice consists of two subspecies: oryza sativa subsp. indica and o. sativa subsp. japonica despite the fact that indica rice accounts for over 70% of total rice production worldwide and is genetically much more diverse, a high-quality reference genome for indica rice has yet to be published. we conducted map-based sequencing of two indica rice lines, zhenshan 97 (zs97) and minghui 63 (mh63), which represent the two major varietal groups of the indica subspecies and are the parent ... | 2016 | 27535938 |
| cooperation between the h3k27me3 chromatin mark and non-cg methylation in epigenetic regulation. | h3k27me3 is a repressive chromatin mark of genes and is catalyzed by homologs of enhancer of zeste [e(z)], a component of polycomb-repressive complex 2 (prc2), while dna methylation that occurs in cg and non-cg (chg and chh, where h is a, c, or t) contexts is a hallmark of transposon silencing in plants. however, the relationship between h3k27me3 and dna methylation in gene repression remains unclear. in addition, the mechanism of prc2 recruitment to specific genes is not known in plants. here, ... | 2016 | 27535791 |
| photosynthesis enhanced oxidative stress tolerance in high-yield rice varieties (oryza sativa var. japonica l.) in the field. | the objective of this study was to understand varietal differences in photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant capability, and yield of japonica rice varieties. nanjing 44, oryza sativa var. japonica (average yield of 12.7 t/ha), nanjing 46, and nanjing 5055 (average yields of 11.3 and 11.5 t/ha) were included as "super" and high-yield varieties, respectively, whereas wuyunjing 7 (average yield of 10.2 t/ha) was included as a control variety. these varieties were gro ... | 2016 | 27525885 |
| rapid changes in root hydraulic conductivity and aquaporin expression in rice (oryza sativa l.) in response to shoot removal - xylem tension as a possible signal. | it is not clear how plants adjust the rate of root water uptake to that of shoot water loss. the aim of this study on rice was to test the idea that root aquaporins (aqps) and xylem tension play a role in this adjustment. | 2016 | 27524161 |
| polar patterning of the spikelet is disrupted in the two opposite lemma mutant in rice. | angiosperms produce diverse flowers and the pattern of floral symmetry is a major factor for flower diversification. bilaterally symmetric flowers have evolved multiple times in different angiosperm lineages from radially symmetric ancestors. whereas most monocots produce radially symmetric flowers, grasses such as rice (oryza sativa) and maize (zea mays) generate bilaterally symmetric flowers and spikelets. in this paper, we focused on the two opposite lemma (tol) mutant, which displays a pleio ... | 2017 | 27522958 |
| evaluation of the role of the lysm receptor-like kinase, osnfr5/osrlk2 for am symbiosis in rice. | in legume-specific rhizobial symbiosis, host plants perceive rhizobial signal molecules, nod factors, by a pair of lysm receptor-like kinases, nfr1/lyk3 and nfr5/nfp, and activate symbiotic responses through the downstream signaling components also required for arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis. recently, the rice nfr1/lyk3 ortholog, oscerk1, was shown to play crucial roles for am symbiosis. on the other hand, the roles of the nfr5/nfp ortholog in rice have not been elucidated, while it has ... | 2016 | 27519312 |
| ricebase: a breeding and genetics platform for rice, integrating individual molecular markers, pedigrees and whole-genome-based data. | ricebase (http://ricebase.org) is an integrative genomic database for rice (oryza sativa) with an emphasis on combining datasets in a way that maintains the key links between past and current genetic studies. ricebase includes dna sequence data, gene annotations, nucleotide variation data and molecular marker fragment size data. rice research has benefited from early adoption and extensive use of simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers; however, the majority of rice ssr markers were developed prior ... | 2016 | 27515824 |
| post-flowering night respiration and altered sink activity account for high night temperature-induced grain yield and quality loss in rice (oryza sativa l.). | high night temperature (hnt) is a major constraint to sustaining global rice production under future climate. physiological and biochemical mechanisms were elucidated for hnt-induced grain yield and quality loss in rice. contrasting rice cultivars (n22, tolerant; gharib, susceptible; ir64, high yielding with superior grain quality) were tested under control (23°c) and hnt (29°c) using unique field-based tents from panicle initiation till physiological maturity. hnt affected 1000 grain weight, gr ... | 2017 | 27513992 |
| effects of germination and high hydrostatic pressure processing on mineral elements, amino acids and antioxidants in vitro bioaccessibility, as well as starch digestibility in brown rice (oryza sativa l.). | the effects of germination and high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) processing on the in vitro bioaccessibility of mineral elements, amino acids (aas), antioxidants and starch in brown rice (br) were investigated. germinated br (gbr) was obtained by incubating at 37°c for 36h and then subjected to hhp treatments at 0.1, 100, 300 and 500mpa for 10min. the in vitro bioaccessibility of calcium and copper was increased by 12.59-52.17% and 2.87-23.06% after hhp, respectively, but bioaccessible iron was de ... | 2017 | 27507507 |
| nitrogen can improve the rapid response of photosynthesis to changing irradiance in rice (oryza sativa l.) plants. | to identify the effect of nitrogen (n) nutrition on the dynamic photosynthesis of rice plants, a pot experiment was conducted under two n conditions. the leaf n and chlorophyll levels, as well as steady-state photosynthesis, were significantly increased under high n. after the transition from saturating to low light levels, decreases in the induction state (is%) of leaf photosynthesis (a) and stomatal conductance (gs) were more severe under low than under high n supply. after the transition from ... | 2016 | 27506927 |
| the effect of periphyton on seed germination and seedling growth of rice (oryza sativa) in paddy area. | periphyton is widely distributed in paddy fields and its interactions with paddy soil and rice growth have been reported rarely. in this study, model paddy ecosystems with different additional soil substrates were simulated under controlled conditions to investigate the effects of periphyton on rice seed germination and seedling growth. results show that the selected soil substrates had significant effects on the metabolic activities and growth of periphyton in paddy fields. the addition of stra ... | 2017 | 27503628 |
| transcriptome profiling of drought responsive noncoding rnas and their target genes in rice. | plant transcriptome profiling has provided a tool for understanding the mechanisms by which plants respond to stress conditions. analysis of genome-wide transcriptome will provides a useful dataset of drought responsive noncoding rnas and their candidate target genes that may be involved in drought stress responses. | 2016 | 27501838 |
| rice putative methyltransferase gene ostsd2 is required for root development involving pectin modification. | pectin synthesis and modification are vital for plant development, although the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. here, we report the functional characterization of the ostsd2 gene, which encodes a putative methyltransferase in rice. all three independent t-dna insertion lines of ostsd2 displayed dwarf phenotypes and serial alterations in different zones of the root. these alterations included abnormal cellular adhesion and schizogenous aerenchyma formation in the meristematic ... | 2016 | 27497286 |
| selenate mitigates arsenite toxicity in rice (oryza sativa l.) by reducing arsenic uptake and ameliorates amino acid content and thiol metabolism. | arsenic (as) is a toxic element with the potential to cause health effects in humans. besides rice is a source of both amino acids (aas) and mineral nutrients, it is undesired source of as for billions of people consuming rice as the staple food. selenium (se) is an essential metalloid, which can regulate as toxicity by strengthening antioxidant potential. the present study was designed to investigate as(iii) stress mitigating effect of se(vi) in rice. the level of as, thiolic ligands and aas wa ... | 2016 | 27497079 |
| comparative transcript profiling of alloplasmic male-sterile lines revealed altered gene expression related to pollen development in rice (oryza sativa l.). | cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is an ideal model for investigating the mitochondrial-nuclear interaction and down-regulated genes in cms lines which might be the candidate genes for pollen development in rice. in this study, a set of rice alloplasmic sporophytic cms lines was obtained by successive backcrossing of meixiang b, with three different cytoplasmic types: d62a (d type), zs97a (wa type) and xqz-a (da type). | 2016 | 27496332 |
| aroma volatile analyses and 2ap characterization at various developmental stages in basmati and non-basmati scented rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars. | rice plant growth is comprised of distinct phases, such as vegetative, reproductive, grain filling and maturity phases. in these phases synthesis and availability of primary and secondary metabolites including volatile organic compounds (voc's) is highly variable. in scented rice, aroma volatiles are synthesized in aerial plant parts and deposited in mature grains. there are more than 100 vocs reported to be responsible for flavor in basmati rice. it will be interesting to keep track of aroma vo ... | 2016 | 27495313 |
| fine mapping of two additive effect genes for awn development in rice (oryza sativa l.). | awns, important domestication and agronomic traits in rice (oryza sativa l.), are conferred by polygenes and the environment. near isogenic line (nil) pairs bm33 and bm38 were constructed from crosses between awnless japonica cv nipponbare as recurrent parent, and lines slg or funingxiaohongmang (awned japonica accessions), respectively, as donors. in order to study the genetic and molecular mechanism of awning, two unknown, independent genes with additive effects were identified in a cross betw ... | 2016 | 27494628 |
| genome-wide characterization of non-reference transposons in crops suggests non-random insertion. | transposons (transposable elements or tes) are dna sequences that can change their position within the genome. a large number of tes have been identified in reference genome of each crop(named accumulated tes), which are the important part of genome. however, whether there existed tes with different insert positions in resequenced crop accession genomes from those of reference genome (named non-reference transposable elements, non-ref tes), and what the characteristics (such as the number, type ... | 2016 | 27485608 |
| cell wall composition and candidate biosynthesis gene expression during rice development. | cell walls of grasses, including cereal crops and biofuel grasses, comprise the majority of plant biomass and intimately influence plant growth, development and physiology. however, the functions of many cell wall synthesis genes, and the relationships among and the functions of cell wall components remain obscure. to better understand the patterns of cell wall accumulation and identify genes that act in grass cell wall biosynthesis, we characterized 30 samples from aerial organs of rice (oryza ... | 2016 | 27481893 |
| impacts of rapeseed dregs on cd availability in contaminated acid soil and cd translocation and accumulation in rice plants. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of rapeseed dregs (rsd, a commonly organic fertilizer in rural china) at application rates of 0, 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 % on cd availability in soil and its accumulation in rice plants (oryza sativa l., xiangwanxian 12#, and weiyou 46#) by means of a pot experiment. the results showed that application of rsd resulted in a sharp decrease in the soil tclp-extractable cd content. however, the soil tclp-extractable cd content in amended s ... | 2016 | 27480164 |
| an histidine covalent receptor and butenolide complex mediates strigolactone perception. | strigolactone plant hormones control plant architecture and are key players in both symbiotic and parasitic interactions. they contain an abc tricyclic lactone connected to a butenolide group, the d ring. the dwarf14 (d14) strigolactone receptor belongs to the superfamily of α/β-hydrolases, and is known to hydrolyze the bond between the abc lactone and the d ring. here we characterized the binding and catalytic functions of ramosus3 (rms3), the pea (pisum sativum) ortholog of rice (oryza sativa) ... | 2016 | 27479744 |
| rel2, a gene encoding an unknown function protein which contains duf630 and duf632 domains controls leaf rolling in rice. | rice leaves are important energy source for the whole plant. an optimal structure will be beneficial for rice leaves to capture light energy and exchange gas, thus increasing the yield of rice. moderate leaf rolling and relatively erect plant architecture may contribute to high yield of rice, but the relevant molecular mechanism remains unclear. | 2016 | 27473144 |
| mechanistic insights into mode of action of rice allene oxide synthase on hydroxyperoxides: an intermediate step in herbivory-induced jasmonate pathway. | various types of oxygenated fatty acids termed 'oxylipins' are involved in plant response to herbivory. oxylipins like jasmonic acid (ja) and green leafy volatiles (glvs) are formed by the action of enzymes like allene oxide synthase (aos) and hydroxyperoxide lyase (hpl) respectively. in this study, we focus on aos of oryza sativa sb. japonica, that interact with 9- and 13- hydroxyperoxides to produce intermediates of jasmonate pathway and compare it with rice hpl that yields glvs. we attempt to ... | 2016 | 27471161 |
| comparative transcriptomics of rice plants under cold, iron, and salt stresses. | abiotic stresses such as salinity, iron toxicity, and low temperatures are the main limiting factors of rice (oryza sativa l.) yield. the elucidation of the genes involved in responses to these stresses is extremely important to understand the mechanisms that confer tolerance, as well as for the development of cultivars adapted to these conditions. in this study, the rna-seq technique was used to compare the transcriptional profile of rice leaves (cv. brs querência) in stage v3, exposed to cold, ... | 2016 | 27468828 |
| fitness correlates of crop transgene flow into weedy populations: a case study of weedy rice in china and other examples. | whether transgene flow from crops to cross-compatible weedy relatives will result in negative environmental consequences has been the topic of discussion for decades. an important component of environmental risk assessment depends on whether an introgressed transgene is associated with a fitness change in weedy populations. several crop-weed pairs have received experimental attention. perhaps, the most worrisome example is transgene flow from genetically engineered cultivated rice, a staple for ... | 2016 | 27468304 |
| ambient insect pressure and recipient genotypes determine fecundity of transgenic crop-weed rice hybrid progeny: implications for environmental biosafety assessment. | transgene introgression into crop weedy/wild relatives can provide natural selective advantages, probably causing undesirable environmental impact. the advantages are likely associated with factors such as transgenes, selective pressure, and genetic background of transgene recipients. to explore the role of the environment and background of transgene recipients in affecting the advantages, we estimated the fitness of crop-weed hybrid lineages derived from crosses between marker-free insect-resis ... | 2016 | 27468303 |
| modulation of platelet functions by crude rice (oryza sativa) bran policosanol extract. | rice bran is bioactive-rich and has proven health benefits for humans. moreover, its source, the brown rice has antioxidant, hypolipidemic and other functional properties that are increasingly making it a nutritional staple especially in asian countries. this study investigated the antiplatelet aggregation mechanisms of crude hexane/methanolic rice bran extract, in which policosanol was the targeted bioactive. platelets play a vital role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular dise ... | 2016 | 27465266 |
| erratum to: 'lodging resistance of japonica rice (oryza sativa l.): morphological and anatomical traits due to top-dressing nitrogen application rates'. | | 2016 | 27464678 |
| rice varieties in archaic east asia: reduction of its diversity from past to present times. | the asian cultivated rice, oryza sativa, is one of the most important crops feeding more than a third of global population. in spite of the studies for several decades, the origin and domestication history of rice varietal groups, japonica and indica, have not been fully unveiled. genetic information of ancient rice remains is essential for direct and exclusive insight into the domestication history of rice. we performed ancient dna analysis of 950- to 2,800-year-old rice remains excavated from ... | 2016 | 27461246 |
| detection of novel qtls regulating grain size in extra-large grain rice (oryza sativa l.) lines. | grain size is an important trait that affects rice yield. although many genes that contribute to grain size have been cloned from mutants or by quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis based on bi-parental mapping, the molecular mechanisms underlying grain-size determination remain poorly understood. in this study, we identified the lines with the largest grain size and detected novel qtls affecting the grain size. | 2016 | 27457210 |
| genome-wide targets regulated by the osmads1 transcription factor reveals its dna recognition properties. | osmads1 controls rice (oryza sativa) floral fate and organ development. yet, its genome-wide targets and the mechanisms underlying its role as a transcription regulator controlling developmental gene expression are unknown. we identify 3112 gene-associated osmads1-bound sites in the floret genome. these occur in the vicinity of transcription start sites, within gene bodies, and in intergenic regions. majority of the bound dna contained carg motif variants or, in several cases, only a-tracts. seq ... | 2016 | 27457124 |
| molecular characterization and targeted quantitative profiling of the sphingolipidome in rice. | recent advances in comprehensive metabolite profiling techniques, the foundation of metabolomics, is facilitating our understanding of the functions, regulation and complex networks of various metabolites in organisms. here, we report a quantitative metabolomics technique for complex plant sphingolipids, composed of various polar head groups as well as structural isomers of hydrophobic ceramide moieties. rice (oryza sativa l.) was used as an experimental model of monocotyledonous plants and has ... | 2016 | 27454201 |
| do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affect cadmium uptake kinetics, subcellular distribution and chemical forms in rice? | rice (oryza sativa l.) plants were inoculated with two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) - rhizophagus intraradices (ri) and funneliformis mosseae (fm) and grown for 60days to ensure strong colonization. subsequently, a short-term hydroponic experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of amf on cadmium (cd) uptake kinetics, subcellular distribution and chemical forms in rice exposed to six cd levels (0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1mm) for three days. the results showed tha ... | 2016 | 27450963 |
| comparative proteomics of the superior and inferior spikelets at the early grain filling stage in rice cultivars contrast for panicle compactness and ethylene evolution. | the breeding programmes in rice aimed at increasing the number of spikelets per panicle have been accompanied by poor grain filling in the inferior spikelets of large panicle rice, leading to yield disadvantage. the present study attempted to understand the reason for differential grain filling in the inferior and superior spikelets by comparative proteomics considering a compact-panicle rice cultivar mahalaxmi and a lax-panicle rice cultivar upahar, which show poor and good grain filling, respe ... | 2016 | 27450495 |
| different forms of osmotic stress evoke qualitatively different responses in rice. | drought, salinity and alkalinity are distinct forms of osmotic stress with serious impacts on rice productivity. we investigated, for a salt-sensitive rice cultivar, the response to osmotically equivalent doses of these stresses. drought, experimentally mimicked by mannitol (single factor: osmotic stress), salinity (two factors: osmotic stress and ion toxicity), and alkalinity (three factors: osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and depletion of nutrients and protons) produced different profiles of ada ... | 2016 | 27450493 |
| water management impacts rice methylmercury and the soil microbiome. | rice farmers are pressured to grow rice using less water. the impacts of water-saving rice cultivation methods on rice methylmercury concentrations are uncertain. rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) was cultivated in fields using four water management treatments, including flooded (no dry-downs), alternating wetting and drying (awd) (with one or three dry-downs), and furrow-irrigated fields (nine dry-downs) (n=16 fields). anoxic bulk soil was collected from rice roots during the rice maturatio ... | 2016 | 27450246 |
| differential expression of mitogen activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade components post submergence in oryza sativa ssp indica cv pusa basmati 1. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling cascade has been extensively studied in plants. recently, this important network has been implicated in imparting submergence tolerance by facilitating the phosphorylation of the sub1a1 protein. in this study, we try to examine the speculative role of mapk cascade components in another rice mega-variety pusa basmati 1. the study reports that potential mapk cascade components are triggered by submergence stress. overall, the results provide a brie ... | 2016 | 27448993 |
| salicylic acid mediates antioxidant defense system and aba pathway related gene expression in oryza sativa against quinclorac toxicity. | the auxin herbicide quinclorac is widely used for controlling weeds in transplanted and direct-seeded rice fields. however, its phytotoxic responses on rice are still unknown. therefore, in the present investigation we studied the effects of different concentrations (0, 0.1 and 0.5g/l) of quinclorac herbicide on the physiological and biochemical changes of two rice cultivars (xs 134 and zj 88) and further analyzed the ameliorating role of salicylic acid (sa) on quinclorac toxicity in rice plants ... | 2016 | 27448955 |
| the nipponbare genome and the next-generation of rice genomics research in japan. | the map-based genome sequence of the japonica rice cultivar nipponbare remains to date as the only monocot genome that has been sequenced to a high-quality level. it has become the reference sequence for understanding the diversity among thousands of rice cultivars and its wild relatives as well as the major cereal crops that comprised the food source for the entire human race. this review focuses on the accomplishments in rice genomics in japan encompassing the last 10 years which have led into ... | 2016 | 27447712 |
| effects of short-term high temperature on grain quality and starch granules of rice (oryza sativa l.) at post-anthesis stage. | high temperature causes negative effects on grain yield and quality of rice (oryza sativa l.). in this study, the effects of short-term high temperature (sht) on grain quality and starch granules were investigated in two rice cultivars nanjing 41 (nj41, heat-sensitive) and wuxiangjing 14 (wj14, heat-tolerant) at post-anthesis stage (anthesis and early grain-filling stage). the results of rice quality analysis showed that chalky rate and chalkiness increased while brown rice rate, milled rice rat ... | 2017 | 27447698 |
| joint mapping and allele mining of the rolled leaf trait in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the rolled leaf trait, long considered to be a key component of plant architecture, represents an important target trait for improving plant architecture at the population level. we therefore performed linkage mapping using a set of 262 highly variable rils from two rice cultivars (minghui 63 and 02428) with minor differences in leaf rolling index (lri) in conjunction with gwas mapping of a random subset of the 1127 germplasms from the 3k rice genomes project (3k rice). a total of seven main-eff ... | 2016 | 27441398 |
| plant adaptation to drought stress. | plants in their natural habitats adapt to drought stress in the environment through a variety of mechanisms, ranging from transient responses to low soil moisture to major survival mechanisms of escape by early flowering in absence of seasonal rainfall. however, crop plants selected by humans to yield products such as grain, vegetable, or fruit in favorable environments with high inputs of water and fertilizer are expected to yield an economic product in response to inputs. crop plants selected ... | 2016 | 27441087 |
| seed priming with polyethylene glycol induces antioxidative defense and metabolic regulation of rice under nano-zno stress. | the present study was carried out to investigate the beneficial impact of seed priming with polyethylene glycol (peg) under different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-zno), i.e., 0, 250, 500, and 750 mg l(-1) in two cultivars of oryza sativa (zhu liang you 06 and qian you no. 1). physiological parameters were improved by priming with 30 % peg in both cultivars under stress treatments. seed priming with 30 % peg improved α-amylase activities and total soluble sugar contents of bot ... | 2016 | 27438877 |
| elemental composition of malawian rice. | widespread potential dietary deficiencies of calcium (ca), iron (fe), iodine (i), selenium (se) and zinc (zn) have been identified in malawi. several deficiencies are likely to be compounded by high phytic acid (pa) consumption. rice (oryza sativa) is commonly consumed in some malawian populations, and its mineral micronutrient content is important for food security. the considerable irrigation requirements and flooded conditions of paddy soils can also introduce or mobilise potentially toxic el ... | 2017 | 27438079 |
| development and evaluation of rice giant embryo mutants for high oil content originated from a high-yielding cultivar 'mizuhochikara'. | rice bran oil is a byproduct of the milling of rice (oryza sativa l.). it offers various health benefits and has a beneficial fatty acid composition. to increase the amount of rice bran as a sink for triacylglycerol (tag), we developed and characterized new breeding materials with giant embryos. to induce mutants, we treated fertilized egg cells of the high-yielding cultivar 'mizuhochikara' with n-methyl-n-nitrosourea (mnu). by screening m2 seeds, we isolated four giant embryo mutant lines. gene ... | 2016 | 27436953 |
| mapping quantitative trait loci for heat tolerance at anthesis in rice using chromosomal segment substitution lines. | to study the genetic basis of heat tolerance at anthesis, a set of chromosome segment substitution lines (cssls) derived from sasanishiki (japonica ssp. heat susceptible) and habataki (indica spp. heat tolerant) were used for analysis across three high temperature environments. spikelet fertility (sf), daily flowering time (dft) and pollen shedding level (psl) under high temperature (ht) were assessed. eleven related qtls were detected, of which, two qtls qsf (ht) 2 and qsf (ht) 4.2 for spikelet ... | 2016 | 27436945 |
| meiotic f-box is essential for male meiotic dna double-strand break repair in rice. | f-box proteins constitute a large superfamily in plants and play important roles in controlling many biological processes, but the roles of f-box proteins in male meiosis in plants remain unclear. here, we identify the rice (oryza sativa) f-box gene meiotic f-box (mof), which is essential for male meiotic progression. mof belongs to the fbx subfamily and is predominantly active during leptotene to pachytene of prophase i. mof meiocytes display disrupted telomere bouquet formation, impaired pairi ... | 2016 | 27436711 |
| successful detection of foreign inserts in transgenic rice tt51-1 (bt63) by rna-sequencing combined with pcr. | as event-specific sequence information for most unauthorised genetically modified organisms (gmos) is currently still unavailable, detecting unauthorised gmos remains challenging. here, we used insect-resistant rice tt51-1 as an example to develop a novel approach via detecting gmos by rna-seq (sequencing) and pcr. rna-seq of tt51-1 generated 4.8 million (m) 21-nt cdna tags. alignment to the oryza sativa subsp. japonica reference genome revealed 24 098 unmapped tags. foreign tags from the nopali ... | 2017 | 27436567 |
| silicon ameliorates chromium toxicity through phytochelatin-mediated vacuolar sequestration in the roots of oryza sativa (l.). | high chromium (cr) in rice causes reduced yield and health hazards. this work investigates how si alleviates cr toxicity in rice. addition of si under cr stress restored the growth parameters, total protein content, and membrane stability along with reduced cr content in shoots, confirming that si plays critical roles in cr detoxification in rice. however, si supplementation under cr stress caused no significant changes in root cr content but decreased shoot cr concentrations compared with cr-st ... | 2017 | 27434775 |
| cadmium uptake dynamics and translocation in rice seedling: influence of different forms of selenium. | selenium (se) can alleviate the toxicity of cadmium (cd), but little is known about its mechanism in cd uptake and translocation in plants. we investigated the effects of exogenous selenite, selenate, and selenomethionine (semet) on cd uptake and translocation within rice (oryza sativa l., zhunliangyou 608) seedlings, and the concentration-dependent uptake kinetics of cd into rice roots (with or without se) were determined. the effect of the endogenous se pool on cd uptake was also investigated. ... | 2016 | 27434423 |
| osrem4.1 interacts with osserk1 to coordinate the interlinking between abscisic acid and brassinosteroid signaling in rice. | crosstalk among phytohormones is crucial for balancing plant growth and adjustment to various environments. abscisic acid (aba) and brassinosteroids (brs) exhibit antagonistic interactions during many plant development processes, but little is known about the molecular mechanism mediating those interactions. here, we identified a rice (oryza sativa) remorin gene, osrem4.1, whose expression is upregulated by aba through the transcriptional activator osbzip23. osrem4.1, in return, negatively regul ... | 2016 | 27424498 |
| itraq-based quantitative proteomics analysis of black rice grain development reveals metabolic pathways associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. | black rice (oryza sativa l.), whose pericarp is rich in anthocyanins (acns), is considered as a healthier alternative to white rice. molecular species of acns in black rice have been well documented in previous studies; however, information about the metabolic mechanisms underlying acn biosynthesis during black rice grain development is unclear. | 2016 | 27415428 |
| whole mitochondrial genome sequencing and re-examination of a cytoplasmic male sterility-associated gene in boro-taichung-type cytoplasmic male sterile rice. | nuclear genome substitutions between subspecies can lead to cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) through incompatibility between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. boro-taichung (bt)-type cms rice was obtained by substituting the nuclear genome of oryza sativa subsp. indica cultivar chinsurah boro ii with that of oryza sativa subsp. japonica cultivar taichung 65. in bt-type cms rice, the mitochondrial gene orf79 is associated with male sterility. a complete sequence of the boro-type mitochondrial ge ... | 2016 | 27414645 |
| variation of dna methylation patterns associated with gene expression in rice (oryza sativa) exposed to cadmium. | we report genome-wide single-base resolution maps of methylated cytosines and transcriptome change in cd-exposed rice. widespread differences were identified in cg and non-cg methylation marks between cd-exposed and cd-free rice genomes. there are 2320 non-redundant differentially methylated regions detected in the genome. rna sequencing revealed 2092 dna methylation-modified genes differentially expressed under cd exposure. more genes were found hypermethylated than those hypomethylated in cg, ... | 2016 | 27412910 |
| genetic diversity and structure in hill rice (oryza sativa l.) landraces from the north-eastern himalayas of india. | hill rices (oryza sativa l.) are direct seeded rices grown on hill slopes of different gradients. these landraces have evolved under rainfed and harsh environmental conditions and may possess genes governing adaptation traits such as tolerance to cold and moisture stress. in this study, 64 hill rice landraces were collected from the state of arunachal pradesh of north-eastern region of india, and assessed by agro-morphological variability and microsatellite markers polymorphism. our aim was to u ... | 2016 | 27412613 |
| ospap10c, a novel secreted acid phosphatase in rice, plays an important role in the utilization of external organic phosphorus. | under phosphate (pi ) starvation, plants increase the secretion of purple acid phosphatases (paps) into the rhizosphere to scavenge organic phosphorus (p) for plant use. to date, only a few members of the pap family have been characterized in crops. in this study, we identified a novel secreted pap in rice, ospap10c, and investigated its role in the utilization of external organic p. ospap10c belongs to a monocotyledon-specific subclass of ia group paps and is specifically expressed in the epide ... | 2016 | 27411391 |
| rice (oryza sativa l.) seed sterilization and germination enhancement via atmospheric hybrid nonthermal discharge plasma. | we designed a system to produce atmospheric hybrid cold-discharge plasma (hcp) based on microcorona discharge on a single dielectric barrier and applied it to inactivate microorganisms that commonly attach the rice seed husk. the cold-plasma treatment modified the surface of the rice seeds, resulting in accelerated germination and enhanced water imbibition. the treatment can operate under air-based ambient conditions without the need for a vacuum. the cold-plasma treatment completely inactivated ... | 2016 | 27404121 |