| the application of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to medical microbiology: molecular epidemiology of viruses and bacteria. | a variety of molecular methods can be used to identify protein and nucleic acid markers with which to investigate the epidemiology of viruses and bacteria. this paper reviews the application of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-d page) for studying microbial molecular epidemiology. a small format 2-d page system is described for locating protein markers in group b coxsackie viruses (cvb) and haemophilus influenzae isolates. representative isolates of cvb serotypes 2, 4, and 5 ... | 1991 | 1915251 |
| in vitro activity of cefpodoxime, a new oral cephalosporin, compared with that of nine other antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of the compound ru-51746, the sodium salt of cefpodoxime (which is administered orally as the ester cefpodoxime proxetil) was compared with that of other commonly used oral antibiotics against a selection of clinical isolates of common bacteria from patients with urinary tract, soft tissue and respiratory tract infections. ru-51746 was found to inhibit 90% of enterobacteriaceae at less than 1 mg/l; pneumococci, pyogenic streptococci (lancefield groups a, c and g) and strept ... | 1991 | 1915400 |
| in vitro activity of cefpodoxime against bacterial isolates obtained from patients with cancer. | the in vitro activity of cefpodoxime, an oral cephalosporin ester, against 792 bacterial isolates representing 36 species was evaluated in comparison to that of ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx). cefpodoxime inhibited the majority of streptococcus spp., haemophilus influenzae and proteus mirabilis at a concentration of less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml. it was also active against citrobacter diversus, escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus vulgaris, serratia mar ... | 1991 | 1915401 |
| false resistance results using 5 micrograms cefixime disks to test haemophilus influenzae. | | 1991 | 1915406 |
| nucleotide sequence of a cluster of genes involved in the transformation of haemophilus influenzae rd. | a genetic locus implicated in the development of competence in haemophilus influenzae rd has been previously mapped to a 12.8-kb psti region of the chromosome [tomb et al., j. bacteriol. 171 (1989) 3796-3802]. to define the boundaries of this locus and to identify the gene(s) involved in transformation, additional mini-tn10kan mutagenesis was performed and the region containing all mutagenic insertions was sequenced. three new transformation-deficient (tfo-) mutants were found, bringing the numb ... | 1991 | 1916268 |
| swedish study group. a randomized multicenter trial to compare the influence of cefaclor and amoxycillin on the colonization resistance of the digestive tract in patients with lower respiratory tract infection. | eighty-four patients with lower respiratory tract infections participated in a randomised double-blind parallel multicenter trial in order to compare the efficacy of cefaclor and amoxycillin as treatment for lower respiratory tract infections and their ability to influence colonization resistance. cefaclor was given to 40 patients and amoxycillin to 44 patients perorally in doses of 250 mg t.i.d. for seven days in a double-blind fashion. sputum, oropharyngeal and intestinal specimens were taken ... | 1991 | 1917031 |
| lethal and mutagenic action of hydrogen peroxide on haemophilus influenzae. | the lethal and mutagenic effects of h2o2 on wild-type haemophilus influenzae rd and on uvr1, uvr2, rec1, and rec2 mutant strains were studied. the first two mutants are sensitive to uv, and the second two are defective in recombination. rd, urv1, and rec1 strains were more sensitive to the killing effect of h2o2 treatment than were uvr2 and rec2 strains. there were peaks of mutagenesis at two h2o2 concentrations over a range of 30 to 275 mm. our results suggest a specific repair of h2o2 damage t ... | 1991 | 1917884 |
| use of third-generation cephalosporins. hemophilus influenzae. | meningitis constitutes the major infection associated with h. influenzae. caution must be used when selecting antibiotic treatment based on mic data, alone, because bacterial levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are higher than those in the blood, on which mics are calculated. certain third-generation cephalosporins are effective in producing maximum killing of h. influenzae in the csf. this strong bactericidal activity may actually prove to be detrimental, however, by augmenting the inflammatory r ... | 1991 | 1918212 |
| a randomized study of ciprofloxacin versus ceftriaxone in the treatment of nursing home-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. | to compare the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone in patients with nursing home-acquired lower respiratory tract infections requiring initial hospitalization. | 1991 | 1918785 |
| acute bacterial thyroiditis presenting as otalgia. | a case of acute bacterial thyroiditis due to haemophilus influenzae infection presenting as otalgia is reported. the features of this condition and the differential diagnosis from subacute (dequervains) thyroiditis are discussed. | 1991 | 1919357 |
| duration of serum anticapsular antibody after a two-dose regimen of a haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein conjugate vaccine and anamnestic response after a third dose. | | 1991 | 1919901 |
| antibody persistence four years after primary immunization of infants and toddlers with haemophilus influenzae type b crm197 conjugate vaccine. | | 1991 | 1919902 |
| infection of waldeyer's ring: value of pernasal retropharyngeal swabs. | the value of pernasal retropharyngeal swabs in chronic adenoid and tonsillar disease was assessed in a prospective study involving 52 patients. prior to adenoidectomy (34 patients) or adenotonsillectomy (17 patients), pernasal and tonsillar swabs were taken and the culture compared to the bacteriology profile obtained in the adenoid and tonsil tissue following surgery. the pernasal swab correctly identified 76% of pathogens isolated in the adenoid tissue. in addition, pernasal swabs forecast the ... | 1991 | 1920584 |
| third vaccine for haemophilus influenzae? | | 1991 | 1920683 |
| bacteriology of acute otitis media in adults. | --the objective of this study was to determine the bacteriology of acute otitis media in adults. although this has frequently been studied in children, no data have recently been reported from adults in the united states. additionally, information on the prevalence of haemophilus influenzae as a causative organism in acute otitis media in adults has not been available. | 1991 | 1920724 |
| [bacteriological study on fosfomycin against organisms clinically isolated from paranasal sinusitis]. | multi-center bacteriological and clinical studies on fosfomycin (fom) nasal solution were performed in subjects with paranasal sinusitis from january, 1988 to may, 1990. in these studies, we were exclusively responsible for bacterial isolation from clinical sources, bacterial identification and the determination of drug susceptibility. before local administration of fom nasal solution, many strains of various bacterial species were isolated from sources totalling 396 cases involved in phase ii c ... | 1991 | 1920807 |
| [antimicrobial activity of cefpiramide to fresh clinical isolates]. | in the subjects of 835 strains of 37 clinically isolated microbial strains, which were separated and identified among materials collected from patients with various infections and which were sent from medical therapeutic institutions throughout japan in 1990, for the purpose of examining the antimicrobial activity of cefpiramide (cpm), its minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), together with those of other cephem antibiotics, was determined, and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. micro ... | 1991 | 1920808 |
| [clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the internal medicine]. | fifty-two patients with moderate or severe infections associated with internal medicine were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (ipm/cs) and the efficacy and the safety of this drug were evaluated. there were 20 patients with pneumonia, 10 with acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract infections, 9 with sepsis, 2 with pyothorax, 3 with intraabdominal infection, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with pulmonary abscess, 1 with infective endocarditis, 4 with fever of unknown origin. for ... | 1991 | 1920813 |
| laboratory tests used to guide antimicrobial therapy. | laboratory tests that are usually considered helpful in guiding antimicrobial therapy include antimicrobial agent susceptibility tests, determination of bacterial production of beta-lactamase, and assay of specific antimicrobial levels in serum and other body fluids. susceptibility tests should be performed primarily on clinically significant isolates from critical specimens (such as blood or other normally sterile body fluids or tissues) with use of standardized methods established by the natio ... | 1991 | 1921504 |
| new shuttle vectors for haemophilus influenzae and escherichia coli: p15a-derived plasmids replicate in h. influenzae rd. | with the aim of identifying new plasmids useful for molecular cloning in haemophilus influenzae, several p15a-derived plasmids were tested for their ability to transform h. influenzae rd. the four plasmids tested, pacyc177, pacyc184, psu2718, and psu2719 were all able to establish in h. influenzae rd. the plasmids were stable, could be purified by standard protocols, and were compatible with a plasmid carrying the rsf0885 origin of replication. | 1991 | 1924559 |
| [beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations for oral administration]. | beta-lactamase inhibitors are compounds which are able to bind many beta-lactamase and to inactivate them irreversibly ("suicide inactivators"). their intrinsic antimicrobial activity is weak. however, in combination with aminopenicillins they exhibit marked synergism both in vitro and in vivo against many beta-lactamase producing bacterial strains. at the achievable serum and tissue concentrations after oral administration, various aminopenicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations are activ ... | 1991 | 1925470 |
| endotoxin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid correlate with clinical severity and neurologic outcome of haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. | endotoxin concentrations were measured in paired samples of cerebrospinal fluid from 38 patients with haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. on admission, the median concentration of endotoxin in cerebrospinal fluid was 104 ng/ml and decreased rapidly in follow-up samples. from 17 to 48 hours after admission, 50% of the patients had concentrations of less than 1 ng/ml. endotoxin concentrations correlated significantly with concentrations of interleukin 1 beta, protein, and glucose in cerebros ... | 1991 | 1927999 |
| application of engineered chimeric antibodies to the calibration of human antibody standards. | immunoassay quantitation of human antibody depends on the availability of reference sera that have been characterized in terms of their antibody content. this report expands upon the concept of "cross-calibration", using reference (dose-response) curves that have been generated with heterologous antibody as a means of calibrating prospective human antibody standards. engineered human-mouse chimeric antibody, with a single human isotype and specificity, is used to construct the heterologous dose- ... | 1991 | 1928840 |
| comparative efficacy and safety of cefprozil (bmy-28100) and cefaclor in the treatment of acute group a beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. | cefprozil (bmy-28100) is a semisynthetic cephalosporin with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and prolonged serum elimination half-life allowing for once-a-day oral administration. in vitro, cefprozil demonstrates excellent activity against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. cefprozil (500 mg once daily) was compared to cefaclor (250 mg three times daily) in an open, randomized, comparative trial for the treatment of acute group ... | 1991 | 1929253 |
| molecular distribution of rob-1 beta-lactamase in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | the plasmid content and molecular distribution of the rob-1 beta-lactamase was investigated in 31 swine isolates of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. three types of plasmid patterns were observed in ampicillin-resistant isolates: a predominant one consisting of 2.6-, 2.9-, and 5.0-kb plasmids and two other patterns consisting of 4.2- and 5.5-kb plasmids and of a 6.8-kb plasmid. plasmid dna preparations were hybridized with a blarob-1 intragenic fragment from the haemophilus influenzae rrob plasmi ... | 1991 | 1929299 |
| in vitro activity of loracarbef (ly163892), a new oral carbacephem antimicrobial agent, against respiratory isolates of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | the in vitro activity of a new orally administered carbacephem analog of cefaclor, loracarbef (ly163892), was compared with those of cefaclor and several other oral antimicrobial agents against recent clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. loracarbef was found to be slightly more active than cefaclor against h. influenzae and had activity essentially equivalent to that of cefaclor for m. catarrhalis. resistance to loracarbef was uncommon and was noted only with ra ... | 1991 | 1929318 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of me1207, a new oral cephalosporin. | me1207 is the prodrug of me1206. its in vitro antibacterial activity was compared with that of cefteram, cefpodoxime, cefixime, and cefaclor against various clinical isolates. me1206 was more active than the other cephems tested against staphylococci, streptococci, morganella morganii, pseudomonas cepacia, and flavobacterium meningosepticum and had the most potent activity against haemophilus influenzae and neiserria gonorrhoeae. the drug also showed a wide spectrum of activity against other gra ... | 1991 | 1929344 |
| basic fibroblast growth factor in human melanoma. | basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) is a major factor contributing to human melanoma cell growth. bfgf is produced constitutively by cells from each stage of the disease, but not by normal melanocytes, although the latter cells are dependent on the factor for growth in vitro. two lines of evidence suggest that bfgf functions in an autocrine manner in melanoma: (1) inhibition of bfgf activity by bfgf-specific antibodies or antisense sequences suppresses melanoma cell growth in vitro; and (2) re ... | 1991 | 1931440 |
| changes over time in heroin and cocaine use among injecting drug users in amsterdam, the netherlands, 1985-1989. | three hundred and eighty six injecting drug users entered into an hiv study through methadone programs over a 40 month period. differences in oral, intranasal and parenteral use of heroin and cocaine were assessed between four consecutive 10 month intake groups. heroin smoking and cocaine freebasing were increased in the later intake groups, while there were no significant changes in injecting variables. no relationship between sexual risk behaviour and cocaine freebasing was found. hiv seroposi ... | 1991 | 1932880 |
| prisons and hiv. | | 1991 | 1932890 |
| risk of severe hypoglycaemia in insulin treated diabetic patients transferred to human insulin: a case control study. | to examine whether transfer from animal insulin to human insulin is associated with an increased risk of severe hypoglycaemia. | 1991 | 1932902 |
| the spectrin super-family. | the review is focused on recent data on the primary sequences of erythroid and non-erythroid spectrins. as in other fields, the techniques of molecular genetics have allowed great advances in our knowledge of the structure and the genetic story of these molecules. comparison of alpha-chains sequences of the non-erythroid (fodrin) and erythroid spectrin demonstrated that the fodrin alpha-genes are strictly conserved across species, while the mammalian spectrin genes have diverged rapidly. spectri ... | 1991 | 1933022 |
| effect of a nonpeptide angiotensin ii receptor antagonist, dup 753, on angiotensin-related water intake in rats. | the effect of peripheral administration of the nonpeptide angiotensin ii-1 (aii) receptor blocker, dup 753, on the dipsogenic responses to peripherally administered angiotensins i, ii, and iii was tested. in all cases, dup 753 significantly inhibited the drinking response, whether administered 15 or 45 minutes prior to administration of the dipsogen. these results suggest that the drinking responses to angiotensins i, ii, and iii are mediated by aii-1 receptors. they also suggest that either aii ... | 1991 | 1933441 |
| [chemoprophylaxis in haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis]. | | 1991 | 1935631 |
| sequence of a pal-related lipoprotein from bacillus subtilis. | the sequence of a small bacillus subtilis lipoprotein is reported. the gene encodes a protein of 124 amino acids, which shows a low but statistically significant homology to the peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins (pal) of escherichia coli and haemophilus influenzae. although the functions of these proteins have not been confirmed, they are obviously structural proteins. in e. coli the gene for the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein appears to be essential. | 1991 | 1936936 |
| a role for intestinal t lymphocytes in bronchus mucosal immunity. | rats immunized by intra-peyer's patch (ipp) injection with non-typable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) have been shown to clear this organism from the respiratory tract faster than non-immunized rats. we therefore performed a series of experiments in order to determine the mechanism of action of the enhanced pulmonary clearance. the experiments show that homing of intestinal t cells to the respiratory tract is an important component in the observed immunity, while specific antibody adsorbed to bac ... | 1991 | 1937575 |
| antibody to a 145-kilodalton outer membrane protein has bactericidal activity and protective activity against experimental bacteremia caused by a brazilian purpuric fever isolate of haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius. the brazilian purpuric fever study group. | the immunologic basis for protection against brazilian purpuric fever, a septicemic infection associated with haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius bacteremia, is unknown. passive immunization of infant rats with antiserum to whole bacterial cells of the homologous strain protects them from experimental bacteremia following bacterial challenge. in immunoblotting, antibody to a 145-kda protein (p145) was present in protective antisera but not in nonprotective antisera. as judged by analysis o ... | 1991 | 1937817 |
| copper-zinc superoxide dismutase of haemophilus influenzae and h. parainfluenzae. | copper-zinc superoxide dismutase ([cu,zn]-sod) is widely found in eukaryotes but has only rarely been identified in bacteria. here we describe sodc, encoding [cu,zn]-sod in haemophilus influenzae and h. parainfluenzae, frequent colonists and pathogens of the human respiratory tract. in capsulate h. influenzae, sodc was found in only one division of the bacterial population, and although the protein it encoded was clearly [cu,zn]-sod from its deduced sequence, it lacked enzymatic activity. in h. ... | 1991 | 1938942 |
| direct identification of bacterial isolates in blood cultures by using a dna probe. | this study involved the rapid, direct identification of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, enterococcus sp., and streptococcus agalactiae from positive blood culture bottles (bactec, johnston laboratories, inc.) by using the accuprobe (gen-probe, san diego, calif.) culture confirmation test. this method uses a chemiluminescent dna probe that detects the rrna of the target organisms. the manufacturer's instructions were modified to use a pel ... | 1991 | 1939570 |
| clonal characterization of the human igg antibody repertoire to haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. iv. the less frequently expressed vl are heterogeneous. | we previously demonstrated that the human anti-haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide (hib-ps) vl repertoire is dominated by a product of the v kappa ii gene, a2, and that v kappa ii-a2 anti-hib-ps antibodies have little or no somatic mutation in vl. to further study this vl repertoire, we studied non-a2 anti-hib-ps antibodies that were identified either serologically or by amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. of 15 non-a2 anti-hib-ps antibodies from 12 vaccinated adults, we found ... | 1991 | 1940382 |
| reduction of oropharyngeal carriage of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) in children immunized with an hib conjugate vaccine. | the oropharyngeal carriage of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) was studied among 725 healthy 3-year-old children who had or had not been immunized with an hib conjugate vaccine. oropharyngeal swabs were collected during the childrens' well-child visit to their local child health center. fourteen (3.5%) of the 398 unvaccinated children were oropharyngeal carriers of hib, whereas none of the 327 children who had received hib conjugate vaccine carried hib (p less than .001). carriage rates of no ... | 1991 | 1940479 |
| preliminary account of the phenology of some nigerian savanna phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae). | a total of 1,705 sandflies was collected by sticky trap from the guinea savanna of northern nigeria to determine their seasonal and spatial fluctuations in abundance. adult sandflies persisted throughout the year, but the highest diversity and abundance were recorded at the end of the rainy season. females were collected more frequently than were males. the species collected in order of decreasing abundance were sergentomyia antennata newstead, s. bedfordi newstead, s. africana newstead, s. schw ... | 1991 | 1941922 |
| evaluation of the rosco system for the identification of listeria species. | the rosco system was used to identify previously confirmed isolates of the seven currently recognised species of listeria. these included reference cultures and recent isolates from clinical material, food products and environmental sources. the system identified all correctly. results were obtained after 4 h if heavy inocula, as suggested by the manufacturers, were used. the method may be used to aid identification of isolates of listeria from clinical and non-clinical specimens and would be of ... | 1991 | 1941987 |
| nucleotide sequence of dihydrofolate reductase type vi. | the complete sequence of the type vi dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene from plasmid puk672 was determined. the structural gene coded for a polypeptide of 157 amino acids which had a deduced mol. wt of 17,424. comparison with amino-acid sequences of the type i, type v and escherichia coli k12 chromosomal dhfrs showed that there was 63%, 61% and 31% homology respectively. putative rna polymerase and ribosomal binding sites were identified proximal to the initiation codon and a feature consistent ... | 1991 | 1941991 |
| determination of an rna structure involved in splicing inhibition of a muscle-specific exon. | we have investigated the rna structure of the region surrounding the muscle-specific exon 6b of the chicken beta-tropomyosin gene. we have used a variety of chemical and enzymatic probes: dimethylsulfate, n-cyclohexyl-n'-(2-(n-methylmorpholino)-ethyl)-carbodiimide-p-tolu enesulfonate) , rnase t1 and rnase v1. lead acetate was also used to obtain some information on the tertiary structure of this region. probing the wild-type sequence suggests a model involving one-stem and three-stem-loop struct ... | 1991 | 1942033 |
| prediction of protein backbone conformation based on seven structure assignments. influence of local interactions. | a method is developed to compute backbone tertiary folds from the amino acid sequence. in this method, the number of degrees of freedom is drastically reduced by neglecting side-chain flexibility, and by describing backbone conformations as combinations of only seven structural states. these are characterized by single values of the dihedral angles phi, psi and omega, representing allowed conformations of the isolated dipeptide. we show that this restrictive model is none the less capable of des ... | 1991 | 1942039 |
| pyogenic bacterial pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection are more susceptible to bacterial infections because of defects in both cellular and humoral immunity. the most common causes of community-acquired pyogenic bacterial pneumonia in hiv-infected patients are streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. the clinical presentation of hiv-infected patients with pyogenic pneumonia does not seem to differ significantly from that of patients without hiv infection. response to therapy i ... | 1991 | 1942196 |
| a five-year prospective study of septicaemia in hospitalized children in hong kong. | in a 5-year prospective study in a hong kong teaching hospital there were 344 clinically significant episodes of paediatric septicaemia. many of the microbiological and clinical features were similar to those reported in japanese and western studies but there were some important differences. half of the episodes (or 70% if neonatal infections are excluded) were community-acquired. the commonest organisms found were salmonella spp (15% of all and 27% of community-acquired infections); this was re ... | 1991 | 1942206 |
| genetic systems in haemophilus influenzae. | | 1991 | 1943781 |
| in vitro mutation of haemophilus influenzae transforming deoxyribonucleic acid by ultraviolet radiation at -70 degrees c. | previous studies have shown the non-mutability of haemophilus influenzae either by uv irradiation of the cells or by irradiating the transforming dna and transformation of competent cells. in the present work, we present evidence of transforming dna mutation in vitro by uv irradiation at -70 degrees c, which upon transformation of competent cells showed a rise in the mutation frequencies of novobiocin resistance of the order of several hundredfold. also we performed experiments using the uv-irra ... | 1991 | 1944374 |
| nasopharyngeal colonization by nontypeable hemophilus influenzae in children: the effect of serum bactericidal antibody. | the effect of serum bactericidal antibody on colonization with nthi was studied in 26 children. serum bactericidal antibody did not prevent colonization with nthi in the nasopharynx. antibody was detected in 53% before, 91% during, and 100% after documented colonization. the log titer of antibody was significantly higher during (1.18 +/- 0.56), p less than 0.002; and after (1.31 +/- 0.29), p greater than 0.001 compared to before colonization (0.49 +/- 0.51). the roles of secretory iga and normal ... | 1991 | 1945426 |
| bacterial respiratory infections and otitis media. | bacterial infections of the respiratory tract are an important potential problem for children who attend group day care. immunization (for hib) or chemoprophylaxis, when appropriate, should lessen the risk and help to control or prevent the problem in many instances. | 1991 | 1945539 |
| safety and immunogenicity of haemophilus type b-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine, mixed in the same syringe with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine in young infants. | as new vaccines are developed there is increasing interest in reducing the number of injections given to children by combining vaccines in one syringe. we studied the safety and immunogenicity of haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine (prp-t) administered at ages 2, 4 and 6 months mixed in the same syringe with dtp vaccine and its effects on the seroresponse to dtp vaccine. a group of 112 healthy 2-month-old infants received dtp-prp-t or dtp-placebo mixed immediately bef ... | 1991 | 1945578 |
| the clinical and immunologic response of chilean infants to haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine coadministered in the same syringe with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis vaccine at two, four and six months of age. | the safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine against haemophilus influenzae type b consisting of purified polyribosylribitolphosphate conjugated to tetanus toxoid (prp-t) was evaluated in 278 chilean infants who were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: group a, prp-t mixed with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis (dtp) vaccine in a single syringe and given as a single inoculation in one arm and placebo in the other arm; group b, prp-t given in one arm and dtp in the other arm; gro ... | 1991 | 1945579 |
| [haemophilus influenzae b: a review on the determinants of pathogenicity and immune response to the infection]. | haemophilus influenzae is still one of the main causes of diverse invasive diseases in children in méxico. epidemiologic data indicate that these processes affect primarily the central nervous system and the respiratory tract. several factors are involved in the expression of infectious disease by this organism, among them the pathogenic determinants of the parasite and those related with resistance in the host. occurrence of disease is usually the result of the interaction between these determi ... | 1991 | 1948428 |
| [role of cefuroxime-axetil in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. bacteriological and pharmacological data]. | cefuroxime-axetil, the 1-acetoxyethyl ester of cefuroxime, is a prodrug for oral administration. the indication of this new formulation in the treatment of community acquired rti required an updating of its activity against respiratory pathogens. a total of 260 isolates were included in a study using mic determination (agar dilution technique): the mode mics for haemophilus spp., branhamella catarrhalis, streptococci, s. pneumoniae ranged from 0.016 to 0.5 mg/l; no difference was noted between b ... | 1991 | 1948811 |
| [creatinine clearance as the foundation for clinical determination of kidney function in swine]. | comparative examinations of renal function using inulin- and endogenous creatinine-clearance tests in 5 pigs showed nearly identical values of glomerular filtration rate (gfr). based on this relation 79 healthy pigs, weighting 2 kg to 230 kg were investigated using the creatinine-clearance test for determination of normal values of gfr and urine flow rate (vu) as well as renal excretion (e), renal clearance (clr) and fractional excretion (fe) of urea, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, gluc ... | 1991 | 1948984 |
| [splenectomy and haemophilus influenzae meningitis]. | the case of a boy aged 13 years with haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis is presented. six years previously, splenectomy was performed on account of trauma. he died from the meningitis after ten days despite the recommended antibiotic treatment. splenectomized patients should always seek medical advice at the first of any infection. if there is any doubt about the severity of infection, these patients should be admitted to hospital. some countries recommended administration of haemophilus i ... | 1991 | 1949293 |
| haemophilus influenzae vertebral osteomyelitis in an adult. | | 1991 | 1950499 |
| an approach to pediatric upper respiratory infections. | upper respiratory tract infections are the most common diseases encountered in office pediatrics. the majority of these illnesses, including the common cold and pharyngitis, are viral in etiology, present with rhinitis and fever, and are self-limited and benign. management consists of fluids, rest, saltwater nose drops and analgesics. antihistamines appear to relieve only those symptoms potentiated by allergy. with the exception of streptococcal pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infections do ... | 1991 | 1950981 |
| high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of occupational exposure to the pesticide abamectin. | as part of a survey of occupational exposure to pesticides in greenhouses for growing ornamentals, analytical methods were developed and validated for the measurement of exposure of workers to the pesticide abamectin. abamectin consists of a mixture of avermectin-b1a and avermectin-b1b, which are members of a class of fermentation products of the soil microorganism streptomyces avermitilis. because of the high molecular weight of the avermectins (greater than 800 daltons), high-performance liqui ... | 1991 | 1951054 |
| airborne dust, ammonia, microorganisms, and antigens in pig confinement houses and the respiratory health of exposed farm workers. | this study investigated the environmental conditions on pig farms and the respiratory health of pig farmers and their immunological response to airborne contaminants. airborne concentrations of dust and ammonia were measured in 20 pig houses; viable microorganisms, endotoxins, and aeroallergens were measured in 6 of these houses, chosen to represent the range in dustiness. the 29 farmers employed on the farms completed a questionnaire and underwent lung function tests; 24 of them provided blood ... | 1991 | 1951065 |
| repeated community-based chemotherapy for the control of schistosoma mansoni: effect of screening and selective treatment on prevalences and intensities of infection. | the impact of repeated selective chemotherapy on prevalences and intensities of infection with schistosoma mansoni was evaluated in gihungwe transversals 1 and 2 (initial prevalence 60%) and buhandagaza/kizina (initial prevalence 35%), two village clusters in burundi. surveys were carried out at months -6, -3, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 36, with reference to the first intervention; treatment with praziquantel (40 mg/kg) was given at months 0, 12, 24, and 36 to subjects showing parasite eggs on a si ... | 1991 | 1951860 |
| characterization of naturally acquired antibody responses to a recombinant fragment from the n-terminus of plasmodium falciparum glycoprotein 195. | antibody responses to the glycoprotein precursor of the major merozoite surface antigens of plasmodium falciparum (gp195) were investigated in acutely infected thai adults. specific igg antibody was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a recombinant fragment derived from the n-terminal region of gp195 as the capture antigen. two control groups were found to be without significant cross-reacting antibody. among occupationally exposed soldiers, 84 of 85 men developed positive antibod ... | 1991 | 1951865 |
| pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil and cefaclor: relationship of concentrations in serum to mics for common respiratory pathogens. | the pharmacokinetics of single doses of cefaclor at 250 and 375 mg and cefuroxime axetil at 250 mg administered under optimal conditions (i.e., cefuroxime axetil after food and cefaclor in the fasted state) were studied in 24 healthy male volunteers. drug concentrations in serum were related to mics for common respiratory tract pathogens by using data generated from a recently completed national survey. the time the concentrations in serum exceeded the mics for haemophilus influenzae, streptococ ... | 1991 | 1952858 |
| immunisation of infants against haemophilus influenzae type b in the uk. | | 1991 | 1953016 |
| a controlled trial of a killed haemophilus influenzae vaccine for prevention of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | sixty-four patients with chronic bronchitis with a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections were admitted to a double-blind randomised controlled study in which the efficacy of an oral vaccine containing killed haemophilus influenzae in preventing acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis was compared with placebo. patients given vaccine developed fewer acute infective episodes. although the numbers of patients who required antibiotic therapy in the two groups were not significantly dif ... | 1991 | 1953532 |
| antibiotic resistance in haemophilus influenzae: mechanisms, clinical importance and consequences for therapy. | invasive and non-invasive infections caused by haemophilus influenzae are frequently diagnosed in children below the age of 5 years. the treatment of choice for these infections was ampicillin. however, since the early 1970s the increasing prevalence of resistance to ampicillin and other antibiotics has necessitated major changes in antibiotic therapy. this article summarizes some of the important clinical features of diseases caused by h. influenzae. the epidemiology, the problems with in vitro ... | 1991 | 1954956 |
| bacterial pneumonia in the hiv-infected patient. | the incidence of bacterial pneumonia is increased in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and bacteremia and recurrences occur frequently. streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae are the most common pathogens, but several other organisms have now been identified as etiologies. several abnormalities in b-cells and humoral immunity, and possibly neutropenia and white blood cell dysfunction, predispose to bacterial pneumonia. despite the severity of pneumonia in hiv infection, ... | 1991 | 1955696 |
| molecular epidemiology of haemophilus influenzae within families in santiago, chile. | thirty-six consecutive patients with invasive haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) infections at roberto del rio children's hospital, santiago, chile, were enrolled in a prospective study. throat cultures were obtained from household contacts of each index case, adjacent neighbors, and matched community control households. colonization rates for h. influenzae were comparable among groups; however, among household contacts 18% of colonizing isolates were hib, compared with 2% and 3% among neighbor ... | 1991 | 1955714 |
| serum anticapsular antibody response in the first week after immunization of adults and infants with the haemophilus influenzae type b-neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein complex conjugate vaccine. | eight healthy adults and 48 infants 2 and 4 months old were immunized with haemophilus influenzae type b-neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein complex conjugate vaccine (prp-omp) to evaluate antibody kinetics in the first days after immunization. five adults (63%) had some decrease in antibody, although the geometric mean did not decrease significantly. with one exception, the nadir occurred on postimmunization day 3. seven had an antibody increase by day 7. of the children, 6 (75%) of 8 ... | 1991 | 1955715 |
| growth of haemophilus influenzae type b in the presence of bovine aortal endothelial cells. | in serum-free medium in the presence of bovine aortal endothelial cells (baoec), haemophilus influenzae type b was capable of extensive proliferation compared to that in serum-free medium alone. an unidentified low-molecular-mass (less than 2000 kda) compound(s) was, in part, responsible for this phenomenon. there were changes in the outer-membrane protein profiles between broth-grown (the original inoculum) and baoec-grown organisms, particularly in the 45-70 kda range. both broth- and baoec-gr ... | 1991 | 1955852 |
| molecular analysis of a complex locus from haemophilus influenzae involved in phase-variable lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. | a chromosomal locus, lic3, one of several involved in lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthesis by haemophilus influenzae, was cloned and its dna sequence determined. lic3 comprises four closely apposed open reading frames (orfs). orf1 includes tandem repeats of the tetramer caat and two start codons out of frame with each other are found upstream of the repeats. orf1 encodes a protein with no known homologues. orf2 encodes the udp-galactose-4-epimerase (gale) gene. orf3 encodes a hydrophobic protei ... | 1991 | 1956282 |
| molecular cloning of a gene involved in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis and virulence expression by haemophilus influenzae type b. | a wild-type haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) genomic dna library was constructed in the plasmid shuttle vector pgjb103. a virulence-deficient lipooligosaccharide (los) mutant of hib was used as a recipient for genetic transformation to screen this hib genomic dna library for genes involved in los expression. a recombinant plasmid containing a 7.8 kb psti fragment of hib dna was shown to transform this los mutant to reactivity with a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific for a wild-type los epito ... | 1991 | 1956289 |
| double-blind comparison of cefixime and cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. | in a double-blind study cefixime, an oral cephalosporin of the third generation, was compared to cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media in 397 children aged 6 months to 12 years. clinical evaluation was carried out at the beginning, at day 10-12 and day 28-35 after the start of the treatment. specimens for bacterial culture and sensitivity testings were taken from the nasopharynx at the initial visit. patients were randomized either to cefixime in a dose of 8 mg/kg/day or cefaclor in a ... | 1991 | 1957129 |
| invasive haemophilus influenzae infections in household contacts of patients with haemophilus influenzae meningitis and epiglottitis. | in a retrospective nation-wide swedish study of haemophilus influenzae meningitis and epiglottitis, a total of 500 cases of culture-verified meningitis and 841 cases of epiglottitis fulfilling strict clinical criteria were found during a three-year period. eight families with two cases of these infections occurring with an interval of less than 60 days were identified. four of the secondary cases occurred in siblings and four in mothers of the index case. two of the secondary cases were twins to ... | 1991 | 1957598 |
| antibiotic sensitivity pattern; experience at university hospital, riyadh, saudi arabia. | results of sensitivity testing were discussed based on examination of 5192 isolates of the various bacteria isolated from clinical specimens from king khalid university hospital in riyadh, saudi arabia. streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae were sensitive to penicillin and erythromycin. the sensitivity pattern of staphylococcus aureus was also predictable as they were fairly sensitive to both methicillin (98%) and erythromycin (96%). neisseria gonorrhoeae (27%) showed a high level ... | 1991 | 1960392 |
| [antibacterial activities of ofloxacin against recent isolates from patients with community-acquired infections]. | in order to survey antibacterial activities of ofloxacin (oflx) against 1,440 bacterial strains isolated from patients with community-acquired infections in 1987 and 1990, minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the drug as well as those of other new quinolones and oral cephems were determined. the following conclusions were reached. 1. comparison of the mic distribution for strains isolated in 1987 with those in 1990 suggested a tendency toward an increase in the frequency of oflx-resistant ... | 1991 | 1960856 |
| phase variation of lipopolysaccharide in haemophilus influenzae. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) structures on haemophilus influenzae, defined by monoclonal antibodies, can show phase variation from generation to generation. several genetic loci are involved in lps biosynthesis by h. influenzae. in this paper, we describe three loci which play a role in lps phase variation: the lic loci; lic1 and lic3 have been sequenced and lic2 has been partially sequenced. each locus consists of multiple open reading frames (orf), and each contains a repetitive sequence within th ... | 1991 | 1961982 |
| light-dependent cytotoxic reactions of anthracene. | anthracene is a photodynamic compound in vitro. in the presence of oxygen, it is known to generate singlet oxygen and participate in type ii reactions. in aqueous solution, it also participates in type i reactions, such as in the photoreduction of cytochrome c, which can be suppressed by superoxide dismutase. in argon, direct photoreduction of cytochrome c also takes place. anthracene induces the photodynamic hemolysis of human erythrocytes and inactivates escherichia coli cells photodynamically ... | 1990 | 1962859 |
| anti-imipramine antibodies recognize endogenous serotonin uptake and imipramine binding inhibitors. | calf brain and human platelet extracts purified by bio-gel p2 column chromatography contained substances that inhibited serotonin uptake and 3h-imipramine binding. some of these endogenous substances were also recognized by rabbit antibodies produced against imipramine. the data suggest the possible existence of endogenous serotonin uptake modulators, which may possess a partial molecular structure similar to that identified by the antibodies. | 1990 | 1962863 |
| [broncho-alveolar lavage in hiv-1 seropositive children]. | sixteen bronchoalveolar lavages (bal) were performed in 15 children with hiv1 seropositivity, 12 of them being infected by hiv1. bal was performed during episodes of acute pneumonitis with respiratory distress (group i: three cases) or without severity (group ii: five cases), or in the presence of asymptomatic radiological pulmonary abnormalities (group iii: seven cases). a specific diagnosis of infection was obtained in five cases of acute pneumonitis and 12 micro-organisms were identified by b ... | 1990 | 1963941 |
| purification and characterization of a nuclease (3'-nucleotidase) from a penicillium sp. | a nuclease (3'-nucleotidase) similar to p1 nuclease from penicillium citrinum was purified from a commercial digestive from a penicillium sp. the activity of the nuclease (pa) was separated to three fractions by diethylaminoethyl-toyopearl 650m column chromatography, in total yield of 10%. the apparent molecular weight of these three nucleases, pa1, pa2 and pa3 was 35000, 33000, and 32000, respectively. all of them were homogeneous so far as checked by sodium dodecyl sulfate slab gel electrophor ... | 1990 | 1964878 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of piperacillin and piperacillin plus tazobactam towards beta-lactamase producing clinical isolates. | the authors evaluated the in-vitro antibacterial activity of piperacillin alone and of piperacillin combined with tazobactam, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, on 398 clinical isolates, both gram-positive and gram-negative. the piperacillin/tazobactam combination was evaluated in the fixed ratio 8:1. the vast majority of the microorganisms tested had reduced susceptibility to piperacillin (minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) range 0.12- greater than 256 mg/l) due to beta-lactamase production. t ... | 1990 | 1965317 |
| [effects of endotoxin on the cochlear electrophysiology and na(+)-k(+)-atpase activity]. | hemophilus influenzae (type b) endotoxin 10 micrograms was put in the niche of the round window in guinea pigs. the cap thresholds and n1 latencies were measured before and 12, 24 and 72 hours after experiments. the 10 khz and 8 khz cap thresholds after experiments were significantly higher (p less than 0.01), the n1 latencies were prolonged (p less than 0.05). there were minute changes in 4khz cap thresholds and n1 latencies (p greater than 0.05). in all time groups, the na(+)-k(+)-atpase activ ... | 1990 | 1965524 |
| pilus- and non-pilus-mediated interactions of haemophilus influenzae type b with human erythrocytes and human nasopharyngeal mucosa. | the role of pili of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) in binding to human erythrocytes and in colonization and invasion of human nasopharyngeal (np) organ cultures has been evaluated. hib strains 1009 and 1007, np and cerebrospinal fluid isolates from the same child with hib meningitis, were studied. strain 1009 was piliated (p+), produced pilin of approximately 24 kda, and was hemadsorption-positive (ha+); strain 1007 was nonpiliated (p-), did not produce pilin, and was hemadsorption-negative ... | 1990 | 1967622 |
| outbreak of multiresistant non-encapsulated haemophilus influenzae infections in a pulmonary rehabilitation centre. | 15 out of 21 patients admitted to a pulmonary rehabilitation centre were infected with a non-encapsulated strain of haemophilus influenzae. all isolates showed identical outer membrane protein patterns, harboured a 40 md plasmid, produced beta-lactamase, and were resistant to amoxycillin, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. the strain was first isolated from sputum of another 3 patients in the same hospital ward. 2 of them later introduced it into the rehabilitation centre. the st ... | 1990 | 1967678 |
| family outbreak of chloramphenicol-ampicillin resistant haemophilus influenzae type b disease. | | 1990 | 1967783 |
| global genetic structure and molecular epidemiology of encapsulated haemophilus influenzae. | a collection of 2,209 isolates of six polysaccharide capsule types of haemophilus influenzae, including 1,975 serotype b isolates recovered in 30 countries was characterized for electrophoretically demonstrable allele profiles at 17 metabolic enzyme loci. two hundred eighty distinct multilocus genotypes were distinguished, and cluster analysis revealed two primary phylogenetic divisions. the population structure of encapsulated h. influenzae is clonal. currently, most of the invasive disease wor ... | 1990 | 1967849 |
| low milk iga antibody to haemophilus influenzae colonising nasopharynx of infants. | | 1990 | 1968563 |
| multiresistant haemophilus influenzae. | | 1990 | 1968564 |
| cloning, expression, and sequence analysis of the haemophilus influenzae type b strain m43p+ pilin gene. | by using antiserum against haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) strain m43p+ denatured pilin, we screened a genomic library of hib strain m43p+ and identified a clone that expressed pilin, but not assembled pili, on its surface. southern blot analysis revealed the presence of one structural gene, which was also present in strain m42p-, a nonpiliated variant. five exonuclease iii deletion mutants, two of which had deletions that extended into the structural gene and failed to express pilin, were u ... | 1990 | 1969389 |
| cloning and expression in escherichia coli of lkp pilus genes from a nontypeable haemophilus influenzae strain. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae hf0295, isolated by aspiration from the middle ear of a patient with otitis media, expresses long, thick, and hemagglutinating pili of a single serotype (lkp1) on its surface. an intact pilus vaccine consisting of the lkp1 serotype protected chinchillas against experimental otitis media (c. c. brinton, jr., m. j. carter, d. b. derber, s. kar, j. a. kramarik, a. c. c. to, s. c. m. to, and s. w. wood, pediatr. infect. dis. j. 8:554-561, 1989; r. b. karasic, d. j. ... | 1990 | 1969397 |
| outbreaks of multiresistant haemophilus influenzae infection. | | 1990 | 1970021 |
| purification and characterization of a pilin specific for brazilian purpuric fever-associated haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (h. aegyptius) strains. | brazilian purpuric fever (bpf) is a recently described fatal pediatric disease caused by systemic infection with haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius. previous studies have shown that all h. influenzae biogroup aegyptius strains isolated from bpf cases and case contacts share several unique phenotypic and genotypic characteristics that differentiate them from other h. influenzae biogroup aegyptius strains isolated from conjunctivitis cases in brazil. one key characteristic of this bpf clone ... | 1990 | 1970577 |
| molecular analysis of the haemophilus influenzae type b pilin gene. | a haemophilus influenzae dna library was prepared in the vector lambda embl3, and recombinant phage were screened for the pilin gene (pil) using a synthetic oligonucleotide. southern blot analysis of the positive clones revealed a 2.5kb psti/pvui fragment that hybridized with the oligonucleotide probe. this fragment was subcloned into pbr322 and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence disclosed an open reading frame of 653 bases. the deduced amino acid sequence corresponded with the known amino acid ... | 1990 | 1971086 |
| the complete primary structure of pilin from haemophilus influenzae type b strain eagan. | adherence of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) to human oropharyngeal cells is mediated by pili which are proteinaceous filaments that extend outward from the bacterial cell surface. pili from hib strain eagan were purified, and the primary structure of the major subunit, pilin, was determined. sequencing of overlapping peptides showed the mature protein to be comprised of 196 amino acids and to have an mr of 21,152. the amino terminal sequence was found to be homologous with the sequence prev ... | 1990 | 1971175 |
| haemophilus influenzae infections and whooping cough. | | 1990 | 1971388 |
| the emergence of bacterial resistance in hospitals--a need for continuous surveillance. | the antibiotic sensitivities of a total of 220,000 isolates from 44 hospitals collected over 2.5 years were monitored by computer. gram-negative organisms account for 63% of the total, the most common being escherichia coli (43%). staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated gram-positive organism (44%). the organism most commonly isolated from blood was e. coli; this organism was susceptible to ceftazidime (100%), ampicillin (47%), gentamicin (99%) and co-trimoxazole (85%). the organi ... | 1990 | 1971643 |
| relationship between somatostatin and growth hormone messenger ribonucleic acid in human pituitary adenomas: an in-situ hybridization histochemistry study. | we have used quantitative in-situ hybridization histochemistry to assess the somatostatin (srih) and gh messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) content of 81 pituitary adenomas. srih mrna was found in the absence of gh mrna in only one tumour and in the five cases in which gh and srih mrna were both present, srih mrna prevalence was approximately two orders of magnitude less than gh mrna. however, no direct correlation between gh mrna, srih mrna and circulating gh levels was evident at the time of sur ... | 1990 | 1973086 |