| western blot analysis of rat pneumocystis carinii antigens using convalescent rat sera and rabbit anti-gp120. | | 1996 | 8822834 |
| expression of the major surface glycoprotein of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii by recombinant baculovirus. | | 1996 | 8822835 |
| development of a molecular typing method for pneumocystis carinii sp.f. hominis. | | 1996 | 8822837 |
| survival and infectivity of pneumocystis carinii outside the mammalian host. | air blower prefilters servicing hepa-filtered biobubble housing pneumocystis carinii-infected rats were stored for up to five months at -80 degrees c to room temperature. after storage, 76% of immunosuppressed rats exposed to these prefilters developed p. carinii infections. in contrast, only 4% of control immunosuppressed rats exposed to autoclaved filters had p. carinii infections. these observations indicate that the organism has a dormant form that remains infective for at least several mont ... | 1996 | 8822838 |
| identification of c31 and c32 sterols in pneumocystis carinii hominis-infected human lungs. | two sterols in autopsied whole lung specimens obtained from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia patients were detected by gas-liquid chromatography and their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. both were in the lanosterol series; the c31 sterol, with a methyl group at c-24, was identified as euphorbol, and the more abundant c32 sterol, with an ethyl group at c-24, is given the trivial name pneumocysterol. | 1996 | 8822839 |
| prevalence of various pneumocystis carinii sp. f. hominis types in different geographical locations. | | 1996 | 8822840 |
| upregulation of host mitochondrial atpase 6 gene in pneumocystis carinii-infected rat lungs. | | 1996 | 8822841 |
| sulfa resistance in mouse-derived pneumocystis carinii. | | 1996 | 8822842 |
| evaluation of sulfa drugs against recombinant pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthetase and in vivo. | | 1996 | 8822843 |
| diagnosis of pcp by itss nested pcr on notinvasive oropharingeal samples. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an opportunistic disease usually affecting immunocompromised hosts. diagnosis is based on the microscopical detection of microrganism on bal, an invasive sample which requires pt compliance for collection and skilled health care personnel for examination. in order to verify the possible diagnostic utility of noninvasive specimens collected in the upper respiratory tract we examined by the internal transcribed spacers (itss) nested pcr, 39 oropharingeal samples ( ... | 1996 | 8822844 |
| p.carinii dna detected by itss nested pcr in serum and pbmc of aids patients with pcp. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is usually diagnosed by examination of bal, a sample often unpleasant to be collected from immunocompromised host affected by acute respiratory disease. we studied by the internal transcribed spacers (itss) nested pcr the presence of p.carinii dna in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) during acute episodes of pcp to test blood as a possible noninvasive diagnostic tool. | 1996 | 8822845 |
| types of pneumocystis carinii detected in air samples. | | 1996 | 8822847 |
| demonstration of esterase activity in pneumocystis carinii by cleavage of 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates. | | 1996 | 8822848 |
| kinetics of 2 genetically distinct pneumocystis carinii populations in rat colonies. | the natural history of prototype and variant pneumocystis carinii populations in several colonies of rats were monitored over time periods ranging from 1 to 4 years. karyotypic profiles of organism populations from individual rats were evaluated for the proportion of prototype:variant p. carinii and the number of animals harboring co-infections were enumerated. throughout the observation periods: (1) each p. carinii population retained its distinctive karyotype; (2) the proportions of prototype: ... | 1996 | 8822849 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in four mammal species: histopathology and ultrastructure. | | 1996 | 8822850 |
| stability of four genetic loci in pneumocystis carinii sp. f. carinii. | | 1996 | 8822851 |
| multi-locus genotype switching in pneumocystis carinii sp. f. hominis: evidence for reinfection. | | 1996 | 8822852 |
| detailed analyses of individual neutral lipid classes of pneumocystis. | individual neutral lipid classes of pneumocystis carinii carinii were isolated and purified by thin-layer chromatography. the fatty acids in steryl esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, diglycerides, and monoglycerides were quantified by gas-liquid chromatography. the fatty acid compositions of these lipids were similar to those of the neutral lipid classes in whole rat lung controls, unlike comparable studies of phospholipid classes. the free fatty alcohols of rat lung controls and p. carini ... | 1996 | 8822853 |
| clinically achievable plasma deferoxamine concentrations eliminate pneumocystis carinii trophozoites in a rat model. | | 1996 | 8822854 |
| subpopulations of pneumocystis carinii separated by a percoll gradient. | | 1996 | 8822855 |
| biodiversity of french and italian human pneumocystis carinii. | | 1996 | 8822856 |
| usefulness of molecular biology for pneumocystis carinii hominis pneumonia epidemiology. | | 1996 | 8822857 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: evolution from 1981 to 1995 in two paris hospitals. | | 1996 | 8822858 |
| fludarabine monophosphate as salvage for refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. | to assess the efficacy of the purine analogue fludarabine monophosphate (famp) as salvage therapy in patients at groote schuur hospital with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (cll) refractory to standard therapy. | 1996 | 8823419 |
| risk factors for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis or systemic lupus erythematosus. | to investigate risk factors for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and polymyositis/dermatomyositis (pm/dm). | 1996 | 8823690 |
| women and hiv infection. | the pattern of the aids epidemic has recently changed with proportionately more women and children affected. cases are becoming more widespread and heterosexual encounters are becoming an important means of spread of disease (presently 43% of all cases in the united states). risks of contracting the virus depend upon sexual behaviors and the status of hiv disease in her partner. manifestations of hiv infection are varied in women and include infections and cancer. once the patient tests positive ... | 1996 | 8824089 |
| differential characteristics of aids patients with a history of imprisonment. | aids is among the leading causes of death in prisons, but there is little information about aids patients with a history of imprisonment. | 1995 | 8824862 |
| lung abscess in patients with aids. | we identified 31 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and lung abscess. all patients had advanced hiv disease, and the mean cd4 cell count was 17/mm3 (range, 2-50/mm3). twenty-two patients (71%) had previous opportunistic infections, and 24 (77%) had previous pulmonary infections. symptoms at the time of presentation included fever (90% of patients), cough (87%), dyspnea (35%), pleuritic chest pain (26%), and hemoptysis (10%). the microbiological etiology was established fo ... | 1996 | 8824970 |
| inhibitory effect of a pichia anomala killer toxin on pneumocystis carinii infectivity to the scid mouse. | a pichia anomala killer toxin has been demonstrated to have a specific inhibitory effect on the in vitro attachment of pneumocystis carinii. the results presented herein show that this yeast toxin is also effective against p. carinii infectivity in reducing parasite colonization in the lungs of scid mice. the specificity of this inhibitory effect was controlled using a monoclonal antibody neutralizing the killer properties of the yeast toxin. | 1996 | 8825204 |
| glycoprotein a is the immunodominant antigen of pneumocystis carinii in mice following immunization. | a rapid and simple dual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to quantitate the relative frequency of monoclonal antibodies produced against pneumocystis carinii glycoprotein a (gpa) or other antigens of p. carinii after immunization with whole organisms. in balb/cj mice, p. carinii gpa was clearly the immunodominant antigen, with a quarter of all hybridomas secreting antibody directed against this molecule. | 1996 | 8825453 |
| pneumocystis carinii telomere repeats are composed of ttaggg and the subtelomeric sequence contains a gene encoding the major surface glycoprotein. | we have cloned a telomere and adjacent sequences from rat-derived pneumocystis carinii using the ability of foreign telomeres to complement a yeast artificial chromosome (yac) deficient by one telomere in saccharomyces cerevisiae. characterization of the cloned dna in the recombinant yac demonstrated that it was a chimera of two p. carinii sequences, namely a 13.5 kb fragment of mitochondrial dna and an 8.3 kb distal portion consisting of subtelomeric dna. the p. carinii telomere repeat was demo ... | 1996 | 8825773 |
| translocation of surface antigen genes to a unique telomeric expression site in pneumocystis carinii. | the surface of pneumocystis carinii sp. f. carinii contains an antigen known as major surface glycoprotein (msg), which is encoded by about 100 heterogeneous genes. expression of msg genes is not well understood. previous work identified a sequence termed ucs, which is present at the beginning of nearly all msg mrnas, and which is likely to be involved in regulation of msg gene transcription. here we show that the ucs was present in one copy per haploid genome, but that different msg genes were ... | 1996 | 8825774 |
| tuberculin testing in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | after declining for decades, the incidence of mycobacterium tuberculosis is increasing. the mantoux tuberculin skin test, which uses purified protein derivative (ppd) of tuberculin, has been used for years as a screening device to detect the presence of exposure and infection to tuberculosis. however, the advent of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has elicited many questions regarding the validity of traditional standards for ppd administration and interpretation. the uncertainties in interpre ... | 1996 | 8826400 |
| paediatric hiv infection. | by the year 2000 there will be six million pregnant women and five to ten million children infected with hiv-1. intervention strategies have been planned and in some instances already started. a timely and cost-effective strategy needs to take into account that most hiv-1 infected individuals reside in developing countries. further studies are needed on immunological and virological factors affecting hiv-1 transmission from mother to child, on differential disease progression in affected childre ... | 1996 | 8826814 |
| source of pneumocystis carinii in recurrent episodes of pneumonia in aids patients. | to investigate the hypothesis that p.carinii special form hominis (p.c. hominis) reinfections occur in aids patients. | 1996 | 8828745 |
| unexpected lung lesions in high resolution computed tomography (hrtc) among patients with advanced hiv disease. | the present pilot study was undertaken to characterize the frequency of lung lesions in asymptomatic human deficiency virus (hiv) infected individuals with advanced hiv disease. thirty two consecutive hiv+ homosexual males assessed for initiation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis, were prospectively studied. all patients underwent a complete medical history, physical examination, pulmonary function tests and high resolution computed tomography (hrct). hrct scans were read by a ... | 1996 | 8834330 |
| cryptococcosis in hiv infection of man: an epidemiological and immunological indicator? | cryptococcosis is an epidemiological and immunological indicator due to the absence of cryptococcus neoformans as a saprophyte in immunocompetent humans and the advantage of specific c. neoformans culture. on this basis, a report is presented on the cd4 lymphocyte count of 36 aids patients suffering from cryptococcosis and other concomitant or missing opportunistic aids-defining infections. in 26 out of 36 patients, i.e. 72%, a cd4 lymphocyte count of < or = 50/microl (mean value 39.5%) was foun ... | 1996 | 8837378 |
| [advances in genetic diagnostics for respiratory tract infections]. | the past decade has seen the rapid advancement of molecular biology and its application in the field of infectious diseases. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a technique which brings about the in vitro amplification of dna, and is clinically useful in the sensitive, specific and rapid diagnosis of various infectious diseases. the fast diagnosis of viral infections using pcr is a prime example, since viral culture may take weeks to grow and since serologic conversion seldom occurs until the ... | 1996 | 8838114 |
| aids-associated infections in salivary glands: autopsy survey of 60 cases. | we reviewed the autopsy findings for the submandibular glands of 60 patients with aids who were autopsied at the george washington university medical center (washington, dc) from 1982 to 1992. aids-associated infections in the submandibular glands were compared with those in the pancreas and lung. cytomegalovirus intranuclear inclusions were found in 10 cases, and pneumocystis carinii infection was found in one case. disseminated mycobacterial and fungal infections were not identified in the sub ... | 1996 | 8838199 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after discontinuation of hydroxychloroquine in 2 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. | | 1996 | 8838542 |
| high frequency of non-hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with hiv-associated kaposi's sarcoma. | to evaluate, with the support of autopsy findings, the frequency of non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) among patients with aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma (ks) in comparison with that of aids patients with other aids-defining diseases. | 1996 | 8838706 |
| oral absorption of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with aids. | to determine the bioavailability of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1996 | 8840373 |
| fatal mucor pneumonia after treatment with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine for non-hodgkin's-lymphoma. | fungal infections, in addition to bacterial and opportunistic infections such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, may evolve in patients with infectious complications due to iatrogenic immunosuppression. aside from common candida and aspergillus species, rare fungi like mucor must be considered in patients with neutropenia or prolonged impaired t-cell function. here we report on a patient with a low grade lymphoma who was treated with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine because of disease progression. after r ... | 1996 | 8841104 |
| orbital infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | opportunistic infections frequently involve the anterior and posterior segments of the eye but rarely occur in the orbit in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the authors managed eight patients with hiv and unilateral orbital infections who presented between july 1988 and march 1995. | 1996 | 8841310 |
| changing patterns of infections in patients with aids: a study of 279 autopsies of prison inmates and nonincarcerated patients at a university hospital in eastern texas, 1984-1993. | reports on autopsies of 279 persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were reviewed retrospectively to determine changes in survival rates and infections and to identify differences between prison inmates and nonincarcerated patients. the 78 cases from 1984 through 1988 were compared with 201 from 1989 through 1993, on the basis of use of antiretroviral therapy and (after 1988) prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). risk factors for hiv infection were homosexual ... | 1996 | 8842257 |
| causes of fever in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus who were admitted to boston city hospital. | we prospectively studied causes of fever in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection that required admission to a municipal hospital. a total of 168 hiv-infected persons were admitted for 220 episodes of fever: 72% were male, 80% were nonwhite, 65% reported prior injection drug use, and 74% had a baseline cd4 lymphocyte count of < 200/mm3. bacterial infections, principally pneumonia, accounted for > 60% of the episodes; streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus were mo ... | 1996 | 8842271 |
| semisynthetic echinocandins affect cell wall deposition of pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo. | cyclic lipodepsipeptide compounds of the echinocandin class exhibit broad-spectrum antifungal activity and have been shown to be effective in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in laboratory animal models. previous studies have led investigators to propose that these compounds, active against fungal cell walls, are selectively active against the cyst forms of p. carinii. we demonstrate that a semisynthetic, water-soluble echinocandin analog, ly307853, is effective in reducing the nu ... | 1996 | 8843286 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii by in situ hybridization in the lungs of immunosuppressed rats. | in situ hybridization was performed to detect rat pneumocystis carinii in the lung sections. rats were immunosuppressed by weekly subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg methylprednisolone. on the 6th, 8th and 9th week of immunosuppression, the lungs were removed and fixed in 10% neutral formalin. a 22 base oligonucleotide probe complementary to p. carinii 5s ribosomal rna was commercially synthesized and its 3' terminal was labeled with biotin. in situ hybridization was performed utilizing manual ca ... | 1996 | 8843693 |
| pcr in diagnosis of pneumocystosis of rats. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a powerful technique to detect scanty amount of dna from living organisms. the present study intended to develop specific primers for pcr diagnosis of pneumocystosis and to evaluate diagnostic efficacy by preparation of template dnas from invasive bal fluid and also to screen serum or blood as a non-invasive specimen. albino rats of wistar or fischer strains were experimentally infected by pneumocystis carinii. extracted dnas or cell lysates of their blood, bro ... | 1996 | 8843695 |
| human surfactant protein a enhances attachment of pneumocystis carinii to rat alveolar macrophages. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia remains one of the most important opportunistic pulmonary infections. the alveolar macrophage (am) is likely the primary cell for recognition and removal of pc. the histopathology of pc pneumonia is characterized by a surfactant-like alveolar exudate. we hypothesize that surfactant protein a(sp-a), the major apoprotein of surfactant, mediates attachment of pc to rat ams by acting as a ligand between the organism and the am. in this study, attachment of pc was ... | 1996 | 8845173 |
| 100% mortality of non-aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) requiring mechanical ventilation (mv) | | 1995 | 8847436 |
| pneumocystis pneumonia in brain tumor patients: risk factors and clinical features. | we reviewed the clinical features and risk factors for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with brain tumors (bts) seen at our institution between 1980 and 1992. previously rare, this opportunistic infection appears to be increasing among hiv-negative cancer patients receiving immunosuppressive medications. recent reports have noted pcp among bt patients receiving corticosteroids, and suggested that these patients are particularly likely to develop pcp when corticosteroids are taper ... | 1996 | 8847557 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a htlv-i carrier with monoclonal proliferation of htlv-i infected lymphocyte]. | a 63-year-old woman had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia without any apparent underlying disease such as cancers or hiv infection. although she reacted positively for htlv-i antibody, hematological findings and clinical symptoms did not suggest that this patient had an atl. southern blot analysis revealed that htlv-i infected lymphocytes had already proliferated monoclonally. the development of overt atl should be carefully monitored in this type of patient as pneumocystis carinii infection in htl ... | 1996 | 8847802 |
| monodrug efficacies of sulfonamides in prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | a remarkably high rate of adverse events is associated with the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. we examined the efficacies of sulfonamides alone in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis, with the assumption that at least some of the adverse events with the drug combination might be due to trimethoprim. with the immunosuppressed rat model, eight sulfonamides were studied at 100, 10, and 1.0 mg/kg/day (10 rats per do ... | 1996 | 8849260 |
| polyamine content of pneumocystis carinii and response to the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine. | difluoromethylornithine (dfmo; eflornithine hydrochloride [ornidyl]), a suicide inhibitor of the key polyamine biosynthesis enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (odc), is effective in treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a common opportunistic infection associated with aids. despite dfmo's specificity for odc, the reason for its selective toxicity against p. carinii is unknown since both host and parasite are dependent on the same enzyme for polyamine biosynthesis. a new high-performance liquid ch ... | 1996 | 8849262 |
| pneumocystis carinii: molecular taxonomy and epidemiology. | | 1996 | 8849696 |
| single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of a novel microfluidized suspension of atovaquone in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients. | the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of and tolerability to a new microfluidized suspension of atovaquone were studied in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with cd4 counts of < or = 200 cells per mm3 in order to define a dosing regimen for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. this was an open study with groups of six patients each. in the first part of the study, six subjects received escalating single doses of 500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg after an overnight fa ... | 1996 | 8851570 |
| identification of a class of sulfonamides highly active against dihydropteroate synthase form toxoplasma gondii, pneumocystis carinii, and mycobacterium avium. | sulfanilanilides with 3',5'-halogen substitutions had ki values 6- to 57-fold lower than the ki of sulfamethoxazole when tested against dihydropteroate synthase from toxoplasma gondii. the compounds acted as competitive inhibitors. these compounds were also active against dihydropteroate synthase from pneumocystis carinii, mycobacterium avium, and escherichia coli but were not significantly more active than sulfamethoxazole. the compounds were significantly more active in culture than were stand ... | 1996 | 8851601 |
| laboratory implementation of a rapid three-stain technique for detection of microorganisms from lower respiratory specimens. | a rapid, cost-effective method for the evaluation of lower respiratory specimen has become increasingly important in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in immunocompromised patients. in the past, the technically demanding, time-consuming, and expensive gomori-methenamine-silver (gms) stain was the principal means for the evaluation of these specimens. in this study, we compared the gms stain with a new rapid, three-stain protocol for the evaluation of lower respiratory specimens. lower respirat ... | 1996 | 8852363 |
| granulomatous pneumocystis carinii myositis presenting as an intramuscular mass. | | 1996 | 8852986 |
| hypertrophic osteoarthropathy associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and human immunodeficiency virus infection. | | 1996 | 8852997 |
| does dapsone increase mortality when given for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia? | | 1996 | 8853742 |
| low-dose dapsone, co-trimoxazole, and survival in pneumocystis carinii primary prophylaxis. | | 1996 | 8853743 |
| patterns of morbidity and mortality in aids patients on pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis who died during hospital admission: a report of 50 diseased patients. | since the introduction of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) the pattern of illnesses related to aids has changed. pcp prophylaxis may delay the first aids-defining illness (adi) and shifts the clinical manifestations of aids to illnesses other than pcp. | 1996 | 8854672 |
| pulmonary infections in hiv infected patients. | we retrospectively reviewed causes, clinical presentations and chest radiographs of pulmonary infections in symptomatic hiv infected patients diagnosed in srinagarind hospital from february 1992 to 1994. we found 95 episodes of pulmonary infections in 88 hiv infected patients enrolled in our review. the three most common pathogens were mycobacterium tuberculosis (37.2%), pneumocystis carinii (23.8%), and cryptococcus (15.2%). coexistent pulmonary infections were seen in 10.5 per cent, mostly due ... | 1996 | 8855629 |
| evaluation of sequential thallium and gallium scans of the chest in aids patients. | with decreasing incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids as a result of prophylactic regimens, there is a higher incidence of tuberculosis (tb), mycobacterium avii complex (mac), kaposi sarcoma and malignant lymphoma. there is a need for differentiating these various pathological entities. the purpose of this study was for a retrospective evaluation of sequential thallium and gallium scans in aids patients for differentiating intrathoracic kaposi sarcoma from malignant lymphoma ... | 1996 | 8862304 |
| pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis misdiagnosed as pneumocystis pneumonia in an immunocompromised host. | yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis can resemble the cysts of pneumocystis carinii in smears stained with grocott's modification of the gomori methanamine silver stain. furthermore, p. brasiliensis can cross-react in material stained with a widely used p. carinii immunofluorescent stain which uses monoclonal antibodies. the need to differentiate p. brasiliensis and p. carinii will become more important as the increasing incidence of immunosuppression results in the reactivation of laten ... | 1996 | 8862614 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii dna by filtration of air. | the high incidence of pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii in immunosuppressed patients makes it the most important parasite in non-tropical geographical regions. it has recently been shown to be a fungus, but several aspects of this organism are still poorly understood. a major question of clinical relevance is the nature of transmission and, thereby, the related problem of prevention. the mode of p. carinii transmission is thought to be air, but this is based on circumstantial evidence, th ... | 1996 | 8863362 |
| hiv infection and aids in jerusalem: a microcosm of illness in israel. | during the decade 1985-94, 158 individuals (124 males, 34 females) with hiv/aids were seen at the aids clinic of hadassah university hospital. they comprised 10% of the total reported number of hiv-infected israelis and included 6% of all reported hiv-infected ethiopians and all hiv-infected west bank palestinians. most individuals (82%) were self-referred; 12% were detected through the local hiv screening clinic. risk groups for aids were homo/bisexuality (39%), heterosexual relations (30%), in ... | 1996 | 8865824 |
| disease patterns and survival after acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | the clinical manifestations of hiv infection in children involve a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from mild symptoms to aids. knowledge of the disease and survival patterns of these children are needed to plan for future needs and develop baseline information to evaluate newer prophylactic or therapeutic management options. | 1996 | 8866801 |
| calcofluor white stain for the detection of pneumocystis carinii in transbronchial lung biopsy specimens: a study of 68 cases. | calcofluor white (cfw), a chemofluorescent agent, has proven effective in the recognition of pneumocystis carinii cysts in respiratory fluids and secretions. however, its usefulness in the recognition of p. carinii cysts in tissue preparations has not been established. we studied 68 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, transbronchial tissue biopsy specimens from individuals seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus and stained them with the cfw stain and the conventional gomori methenamine ... | 1996 | 8871929 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among north american women. | women constitute the fastest growing segment of adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), representing 18% of all cases in the united states in 1994. heterosexual transmission is now the dominant route by which women are infected. recent reports indicate that although certain manifestations may be different in women than in men, the rate of clinical progression is similar when they receive comparable medical treatment. antiretroviral therapy is equally as effective in women as in me ... | 1996 | 8873494 |
| pneumocystis carinii: an atypical fungal micro-organism. | the purpose of this review is to assist mycologists in having a better understanding of pneumocystis carinii and the disease that it causes. now considered to be a fungus, p. carinii is unusual in its life cycle and relationship with the host. p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) pathogenesis, immunology and host defence mechanisms are examined, as well as epidemiological and control strategies. most pneumocystosis pathophysiological changes result from the parasite's attachment and proliferation in the l ... | 1996 | 8873881 |
| factors affecting survival in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | knowledge of the survival times of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and the factors that influence survival is important both for increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and planning health service interventions. although there is considerable variation in survival after aids diagnosis, even within developed countries, most studies have estimated a mean survival time of 12-18 months. those with a higher cd4 lymphocyte count at initial diagnosis hav ... | 1996 | 8874621 |
| anti-herpesvirus treatment and risk of kaposi's sarcoma in hiv infection. royal free/chelsea and westminster hospitals collaborative group. | with the recent identification of a new herpesvirus in patients with kaposi's sarcoma (human herpesvirus-8 or kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus), there have been several reports on the use of anti-herpesvirus therapy (foscarnet, ganciclovir and aciclovir) and risk of developing kaposi's sarcoma. we therefore investigated the association between use of anti-herpesvirus drugs and kaposi's sarcoma in a large unselected group of patients with aids. | 1996 | 8874626 |
| the association between cigarette smoking and selected hiv-related medical conditions. | to clarify the effect of cigarette smoking on the development of conditions associated with hiv infection. | 1996 | 8874629 |
| racial differences in rate of cd4 decline in hiv-1-infected homosexual men. | to determine whether racial differences exist in the rate of cd4 lymphocyte decline in hiv-1-infected homosexual men. | 1996 | 8874633 |
| aids defining diseases in the uk: the impact of pcp prophylaxis and twelve years of change. | we examined all reports of adult aids cases made to the 2 national surveillance centres in the uk for changes in aids defining conditions between january 1982 and september 1994. differences and changes among persons diagnosed since january 1988 who had and had not been aware of their hiv infection prior to their aids diagnosis were of particular interest. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the aids defining disease most often reported at the initial aids diagnosis. its proportion of all ai ... | 1996 | 8876355 |
| atovaquone as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii. | | 1996 | 8876368 |
| zinc levels and infections in hospitalized patients with aids. | impaired cellular and humoral immunity and phagocytic function have been attributed to zinc deficiency. this study examined the association between low serum zinc concentration and opportunistic infections in hospitalized patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). we examined the records from all 505 inpatient consultations performed by our nutrition service from may 1992 through june 1994. the medical records from all 228 patients with aids with known serum zinc levels (deter ... | 1996 | 8878145 |
| combination of ps-15, epiroprim, or pyrimethamine with dapsone in prophylaxis of toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii dual infection in a rat model. | in a rat model of dual infection, we studied such dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors as ps-15 (25 mg/kg of body weight), epiroprim (100 mg/kg), and pyrimethamine (3 mg/kg) alone or in combination with various doses of dapsone (50, 25, or 5 mg/kg) for the prevention of pneumocystosis and toxoplasmosis. rats latently infected with pneumocystis carinii were immunosuppressed by corticosteroids for 7 weeks, and the drugs were administered from the initiation of the corticosteroid treatment. at ... | 1996 | 8878582 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants after heart transplantation. | although the reported incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after heart transplantation in adults ranges from 3% to 40%, data are lacking regarding the incidence in the pediatric heart transplantation population. a retrospective review was performed on 152 infants (0 to 12 months of age) undergoing transplantation from november 1985 through december 1993 who survived at least 6 months after heart transplantation. patients did not receive postoperative pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis. ten ... | 1996 | 8878758 |
| management and outcome of pneumothoraces in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | to better understand the natural history, management, and outcome of pneumothoraces in hiv-infected patients, we reviewed hospital charts and chest radiographs of hiv-infected adults discharged from the university of maryland medical center over a 6-year period. sixty pneumothoraces occurred in 39 patients. twenty-three pneumothoraces resulted from trauma and 37 were spontaneous. thirty-two (86%) of the spontaneous pneumothoraces occurred in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). ei ... | 1996 | 8879789 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: hyperkalemia is an important complication regardless of dose. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is a frequently prescribed antibiotic with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. as a result of the increasing number of aids patients requiring therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, high dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use had dramatically increased. a previously unreported and potentially lethal adverse reaction associated with high dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy, hyperkalemia, subsequently developed. recognition of this potassium disorde ... | 1996 | 8879854 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and hypouricemia. | hypouricemia has been reported in a substantial fraction of patients with aids and attributed to an hiv-related renal urate transport defect. we tested the alternative hypothesis that hypouricemia was associated with the administration of high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx). | 1996 | 8879855 |
| mycobacterium kansasii infection limited to the skin in a patient with aids. | we describe a case of cutaneous mycobacterium kansasii infection in a 56-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, who received treatment with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. resolution of the cutaneous lesion was observed without specific treatment. | 1996 | 8881686 |
| production of plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitors by alveolar macrophages in control subjects and aids patients. | to reveal a possible impairment of the plasminogen activator system in the pulmonary infections of aids patients. | 1996 | 8882668 |
| cutaneous reactions to trimethoprim-sulphametrole in aids patients treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1996 | 8882678 |
| detection of asymptomatic pneumocystis carinii infection by polymerase chain reaction: predictive for subsequent pneumonia. | | 1996 | 8883597 |
| the epidemiology of hiv-associated kaposi's sarcoma: the unraveling mystery. | unraveling the mysteries associated with the etiology of ks is of tremendous public health significance. whereas the introduction of prophylaxis has led to a decreased incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, the incidence of ks has remained relatively stable and treatment of the hiv-infected ks patient remains a challenge. the last year has brought forth significant breakthroughs in ks research. although kshv has only recently been described, rapid progress is being made in understanding th ... | 1996 | 8883610 |
| drug-induced disorders of glucose metabolism. mechanisms and management. | glucose homeostasis is maintained by a balance between the release and action of insulin, and the counterregulatory responses mediated principally by glucagon, catecholamines, growth hormone and cortisol. hence, the effects of a drug on glucose metabolism may be mediated by any of these agents singly or in combination. host factors, such as inherent glucoregulatory mechanisms, concurrent diseases, organ function and concomitant medications also increase the risk of drug-induced disturbances of g ... | 1996 | 8884164 |
| identification, characterization, and expression of the bip endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperonins in pneumocystis carinii. | we have isolated, characterized, and examined the expression of the genes encoding bip endoplasmic reticulum (er) resident chaperonins responsible for transport, maturation, and proper folding of membrane and secreted proteins from two divergent strains of pneumocystis carinii. the bip genes, pcbip and prbip, from the p. c. carinii (prototype) strain and the p. c. rattus (variant) strain, respectively, are single-copy genes that reside on chromosomes of approximately 330 and approximately 350 kb ... | 1996 | 8890193 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in scid mice induced by viable organisms propagated in vitro. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, despite the widespread use of prophylaxis and the development of new chemotherapeutic agents. the study of p. carinii and of pulmonary host defenses directed against it has been limited by lack of reliable, reproducible methods to obtain pure populations of organisms in useful quantities. while recent success has been achieved with cultures of rat p. carinii organ ... | 1996 | 8890219 |
| continuous infusion of dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine and improved efficacy against a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the rapid depletion of pneumocystis carinii polyamines caused by in vitro exposure to dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo; also called eflornithine or ornidyl) and the rapid repletion following removal of this drug suggested that the in vivo efficacy of dfmo against p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) may be limited by troughs in drug concentration resulting from the schedule of administration. this led to the prediction that, compared with the response to the standard animal protocol of administering ... | 1996 | 8891137 |
| detection of toxoplasma gondii in immunodeficient subjects by gene amplification: influence of therapeutics. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology was used to detect toxoplasma gondii dna in 253 immunodeficient subjects, 179 of whom were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the incidence of toxoplasmosis was 12.3% (22/179) in the hiv-infected subjects and 2.7% (2/74) in the remainder. the sensitivity of the pcr during episodes of toxoplasmosis in hiv-infected subjects not on antiparasitic treatment was 86.6% on peripheral blood and 60% on cerebrospinal fluid (csf), but was only 25 ... | 1996 | 8893403 |
| high resolution computed tomography in hiv patients with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and a normal chest radiograph. | to correlate the appearances of high resolution computed tomography (hrct) with the bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) findings in hiv positive patients in whom there is a strong clinical suspicion of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) but a normal chest radiograph. | 1996 | 8893636 |
| pneumocystis carinii: what is it, exactly? | the identity of pneumocystis carinii has been uncertain for many years. until recently, it was widely regarded to be a protozoan because it does not grow in culture and is not susceptible to antifungal drugs. although these and a number of other phenotypic characteristics of p. carinii differ from those of typical fungi, analysis of dna sequences has shown that p. carinii is a member of the fungal lineage of eukaryotes. however, a close phylogenetic relative of p. carinii has not yet been found. ... | 1996 | 8894348 |
| are we preventing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in regular clinic attenders with hiv. | | 1996 | 8894830 |
| prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus 1-related disease among 512 infants born to infected women in new york city. the new york city perinatal hiv transmission collaborative study group. | to determine the incidence of hiv-1-related clinical findings, mortality and predictors of death in a cohort of hiv-exposed infants followed from birth. | 1996 | 8895922 |
| altered trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ratios for prophylaxis and treatment of toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii dual infections in rat model. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) is the first-line drug for prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and for prophylaxis of toxoplasmosis in hiv-infected patients. evidence indicating intolerance related to the dose of smx led us to examine the efficacy of altered tmp-smx ratios in a corticosteroid-treated rat model. infections were assessed by counting p. carinii cysts in lung and by titration of toxoplasma gondii burdens in tissue culture. for prophylaxis, the r ... | 1996 | 8898664 |