| enhancing tolerance of rice (oryza sativa) to simulated acid rain by exogenous abscisic acid. | abscisic acid (aba) regulates much important plant physiological and biochemical processes and induces tolerance to different stresses. here, we studied the regulation of exogenous aba on adaptation of rice seedlings to simulated acid rain (sar) stress by measuring biomass dry weight, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis rate, nutrient elements, and endogenous hormones. the application of 10 μm aba alleviated the sar-induced inhibition on growth, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis rate ... | 2017 | 27987126 |
| high-throughput screening of catalytic h2 production. | hydrogenases, ferredoxins, and ferredoxin-nadp+ reductases (fnr) are redox proteins that mediate electron metabolism in vivo, and are also potential components for biological h2 production technologies. a high-throughput h2 production assay device (h2 pad) is presented that enables simultaneous evaluation of 96 individual h2 production reactions to identify components that improve performance. using a ccd camera and image analysis software, h2 pad senses the chemo-optical response of pd/wo3 thin ... | 2017 | 27976484 |
| effects of low temperature on photosynthetic characteristics in the super-high-yield hybrid rice 'liangyoupeijiu' at the seedling stage. | to elucidate the resistance of high-yield hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.) at the seedling stage to low temperature, photosynthetic characteristics, such as membrane lipid peroxidation, fatty acid composition, and chloroplast ultrastructure, were investigated in a newly developed super-hybrid rice ('liangyoupeijiu') and a traditional chill-sensitive hybrid rice ('shanyou63'), with 20°c as the control condition and 10°c as the low temperature treatment. chlorophyll content, oxygen consumption by pho ... | 2016 | 27966747 |
| a functional centromere lacking cento sequences in a newly formed ring chromosome in rice. | an awned rice (oryza sativa) plant carrying a tiny extra chromosome was discovered among the progeny of a telotrisomic line 2n+4l. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) using chromosome specific bac clones revealed that this extra chromosome was a ring chromosome derived from part of the long arm of chromosome 4. so the aneuploidy plant was accordingly named as 2n+4l ring. we did not detect any cento fish signals on the ring chromosome, and found only the centromeric probe centromeric retrot ... | 2016 | 27965027 |
| plant architecture and grain yield are regulated by the novel dhhc-type zinc finger protein genes in rice (oryza sativa l.). | in many plants, architecture and grain yield are affected by both the environment and genetics. in rice, the tiller is a vital factor impacting plant architecture and regulated by many genes. in this study, we cloned a novel dhhc-type zinc finger protein gene os02g0819100 and its alternative splice variant osdhhc1 from the cdna of rice (oryza sativa l.), which regulate plant architecture by altering the tiller in rice. the tillers increased by about 40% when this type of dhhc-type zinc finger pr ... | 2017 | 27964781 |
| rpan: rice pan-genome browser for ∼3000 rice genomes. | a pan-genome is the union of the gene sets of all the individuals of a clade or a species and it provides a new dimension of genome complexity with the presence/absence variations (pavs) of genes among these genomes. with the progress of sequencing technologies, pan-genome study is becoming affordable for eukaryotes with large-sized genomes. the asian cultivated rice, oryza sativa l., is one of the major food sources for the world and a model organism in plant biology. recently, the 3000 rice ge ... | 2017 | 27940610 |
| hydrogen sulfide alleviates mercury toxicity by sequestering it in roots or regulating reactive oxygen species productions in rice seedlings. | soil mercury (hg) contamination is a major factor that affects agricultural yield and food security. hydrogen sulfide (h2s) plays multifunctional roles in mediating a variety of responses to abiotic stresses. the effects of exogenous h2s on rice (oryza sativa var 'nipponbare') growth and metabolism under mercuric chloride (hgcl2) stress were investigated in this study. either 100 or 200 μm sodium hydrosulfide (nahs, a donor of h2s) pretreatment improved the transcription of bzip60, a membrane-as ... | 2017 | 27940269 |
| effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on carbon and nitrogen distribution and grain yield and nutritional quality in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) for nutrient uptake and growth in rice has been widely recognized. however, little is known about the distribution of carbon (c) and nitrogen (n) in rice under amf inoculation, which can affect grain yield and quality. this study was conducted to investigate the distribution of c and n within rice plants under amf inoculation and the effects on grain yield and quality. | 2017 | 27935053 |
| leaf gas films contribute to rice (oryza sativa) submergence tolerance during saline floods. | floods and salinization of agricultural land adversely impact global rice production. we investigated whether gas films on leaves of submerged rice delay salt entry during saline submergence. two-week-old plants with leaf gas films (+gf) or with gas films experimentally removed (-gf) were submerged in artificial floodwater with 0 or 50 mm nacl for up to 16 d. gas films were present >9 d on gf plants after which gas films were diminished. tissue ion analysis (na+ , cl- and k+ ) showed that gas fi ... | 2016 | 27925226 |
| ssr based genetic diversity of pigmented and aromatic rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes of the western himalayan region of india. | a set of 24 of ssr markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity in 16 rice genotypes found in western himalayas of kashmir and himachal pradesh, india. the level of polymorphism among the genotypes of rice was evaluated from the number of alleles and pic value for each of the 24 ssr loci. a total of 68 alleles were detected across the 16 genotypes through the use of these 24 ssr markers the number of alleles per locus generated varied from 2 (rm 338, rm 452, rm 171) to 6 (rm 585, rm 249, ... | 2016 | 27924127 |
| arsenic stress affects the expression profile of genes of 14-3-3 proteins in the shoot of mycorrhiza colonized rice. | the intimate association between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and host plants helps the latter in phosphate acquisition in exchange of carbohydrates and in enhanced stress tolerance. similarly, the ubiquitous 14-3-3 protein family is known to be a major regulator of plant metabolism and stress responses. however, the involvement of mycorrhiza and plant 14-3-3 proteins interaction in plant response to environmental stimuli, such as arsenic (as) stress, is yet unknown. in this study, we analys ... | 2016 | 27924124 |
| ossgl, a novel pleiotropic stress-related gene enhances grain length and yield in rice. | abiotic stress seriously affects the yield of rice (oryza sativa l.). grain yield in rice is multiplicatively determined by the number of panicles, number of grains per panicle, and grain weight. here, we describe the molecular and functional characterization of stress_tolerance and grain_length (ossgl), a rice gene strongly up-regulated by a wide spectrum of abiotic stresses. ossgl encodes a putative member of the duf1645 protein family of unknown function. overexpression of ossgl significantly ... | 2016 | 27917884 |
| field trials reveal ecotype-specific responses to mycorrhizal inoculation in rice. | the overuse of agricultural chemicals such as fertilizer and pesticides aimed at increasing crop yield results in environmental damage, particularly in the sahelian zone where soils are fragile. crop inoculation with beneficial soil microbes appears as a good alternative for reducing agricultural chemical needs, especially for small farmers. this, however, requires selecting optimal combinations of crop varieties and beneficial microbes tested in field conditions. in this study, we investigated ... | 2016 | 27907023 |
| uptake of total petroleum hydrocarbon (tph) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) by oryza sativa l. grown in soil contaminated with crude oil. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether total petroleum hydrocarbon (tph) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) present in crude oil contaminated sites are transferred to roots, shoots and finally the grains of rice crops (oryza sativa l.) grown in those sites. soil was artificially contaminated with crude oil at concentrations of 0, 1000, 5000, 10,000, and 15,000 mg/kg, followed by planting of rice seedlings. after harvest, tph in plant samples were measured, and it was determi ... | 2017 | 27896384 |
| erratum to: fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qhd5, a novel major qtl with pleiotropism for yield-related traits in rice (oryza sativa l.). | | 2017 | 27896367 |
| diurnal solar energy conversion and photoprotection in rice canopies. | genetic improvement of photosynthetic performance of cereal crops and increasing the efficiency with which solar radiation is converted into biomass has recently become a major focus for crop physiologists and breeders. the pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence technique (pam) allows quantitative leaf level monitoring of the utilization of energy for photochemical light conversion and photoprotection in natural environments, potentially over the entire crop lifecycle. here, the diur ... | 2017 | 27895208 |
| the osamt1.1 gene functions in ammonium uptake and ammonium-potassium homeostasis over low and high ammonium concentration ranges. | rice (oryza sativa) grown in paddy fields is an ammonium (nh4+)-preferring crop; however, its amt-type nh4+ transporters that mediate root n acquisition have not been well characterized yet. in this study, we analyzed the expression pattern and physiological function of the osamt1.1 gene of the amt1 subfamily in rice. osamt1.1 is located in the plasma membrane and is mainly expressed in the root epidermis, stele and mesophyll cells. disruption of the osamt1.1 gene decreased the uptake of nh4+, a ... | 2016 | 27889499 |
| systems genetics identifies a novel regulatory domain of amylose synthesis. | a deeper understanding of the regulation of starch biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa) endosperm is crucial in tailoring digestibility without sacrificing grain quality. in this study, significant association peaks on chromosomes 6 and 7 were identified through a genomewide association study (gwas) of debranched starch structure from grains of a 320 indica rice diversity panel using genotyping data from the high-density rice array. a systems genetics approach that interrelates starch structure d ... | 2017 | 27881726 |
| rice leaf angle and grain size are affected by the osbul1 transcriptional activator complex. | rice atypical hlh protein oryza sativa brassinosteroid upregulated 1-like1 (osbul1) is preferentially expressed in the lamina joint where it controls cell elongation and positively affects leaf angles. osbul1 knockout mutant (osbul1) and transgenic rice for double-stranded rna interference (dsrnai) of osbul1 produced erect leaves with smaller grains, whereas osbul1 overexpressors and an activation tagging line of osbul1 exhibited increased lamina inclination and grain size. moreover, osbul1 expr ... | 2017 | 27879391 |
| rice cellulose synthasea8 plant-conserved region is a coiled-coil at the catalytic core entrance. | the crystallographic structure of a rice (oryza sativa) cellulose synthase, oscesa8, plant-conserved region (p-cr), one of two unique domains in the catalytic domain of plant cesas, was solved to 2.4 å resolution. two antiparallel α-helices form a coiled-coil domain linked by a large extended connector loop containing a conserved trio of aromatic residues. the p-cr structure was fit into a molecular envelope for the p-cr domain derived from small-angle x-ray scattering data. the p-cr structure a ... | 2017 | 27879387 |
| phosphate starvation induced osphr4 mediates pi-signaling and homeostasis in rice. | osphr4 mediates the regulation of pi-starvation signaling and pi-homeostasis in a phr1-subfamily dependent manner in rice. phosphate (pi) starvation response is a sophisticated process for plant in the natural environment. in this process, phosphate starvation response 1 (phr1) subfamily genes play a central role in regulating pi-starvation signaling and pi-homeostasis. besides the three phr1 orthologs in oryza sativa l. (os) [(os) phr1, (os) phr2, and (os) phr3], which were reported to regulate ... | 2017 | 27878661 |
| genome-wide identification and phylogenetic analysis of the chalcone synthase gene family in rice. | the enzymes of the chalcone synthase family are also known as type iii polyketide synthases (pks), and produce a series of secondary metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants. in a number of plants, genes encoding pks comprise a large multigene family. currently, detailed reports on rice (oryza sativa) pks (ospks) family genes and tissue expression profiling are limited. here, 27 candidate ospks genes were identified in the rice genome,and 23 gene structures were confirmed by est and cdna sequen ... | 2017 | 27878652 |
| evaluation of stability and validation of reference genes for rt-qpcr expression studies in rice plants under water deficit. | many studies use strategies that allow for the identification of a large number of genes expressed in response to different stress conditions to which the plant is subjected throughout its cycle. in order to obtain accurate and reliable results in gene expression studies, it is necessary to use reference genes, which must have uniform expression in the majority of cells in the organism studied. rna isolation of leaves and expression analysis in real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (r ... | 2017 | 27878453 |
| heat stress is more damaging to superior spikelets than inferiors of rice (oryza sativa l.) due to their different organ temperatures. | in general, the fertility and kernel weight of inferior spikelets of rice (oryza sativa l.) are obviously lower than those of superior spikelets, especially under abiotic stress. however, different responses to heat stress are seemed to show between the superior and inferior spikelet, and this response is scarcely documented that the intrinsic factors remain elusive. in order to reveal the mechanism underlying, two rice plants with different heat tolerance were subjected to heat stress of 40°c a ... | 2016 | 27877180 |
| map-based cloning and characterization of the novel yellow-green leaf gene ys83 in rice (oryza sativa). | leaf-color mutants have been extensively studied in rice, and many corresponding genes have been identified up to now. however, leaf-color mutation mechanisms are diverse and still need further research through identification of novel genes. in the present paper, we isolated a leaf-color mutant, ys83, in rice (oryza sativa). the mutant displayed a yellow-green leaf phenotype at seedling stage, and then slowly turned into light-green leaf from late tillering stage. in its yellow leaves, photosynt ... | 2017 | 27875742 |
| osacos12, an orthologue of arabidopsis acyl-coa synthetase5, plays an important role in pollen exine formation and anther development in rice. | sporopollenin is a major component of the pollen exine pattern. in arabidopsis, acyl-coa synthetase5 (acos5) is involved in sporopollenin precursor biosynthesis. in this study, we identified its orthologue, osacos12, in rice (oryza sativa) and compared the functional conservation of acos in rice to arabidopsis. | 2016 | 27871243 |
| oryza sativa (rice) hull extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in raw264.7 macrophages by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-jun n-terminal kinase, and nuclear factor-κb activation. | rice (oryza sativa) is a major cereal crop in many asian countries and an important staple food source. rice hulls have been reported to possess antioxidant activities. | 2017 | 27867272 |
| genetic analysis and gene mapping of the glabrous leaf and hull mutant glr3 in rice (oryza sativa l.). | we obtained a glabrous leaf and hull mutant from a population of radiation mutagenesis of an indica rice cultivar r401. the mutant produced smooth leaves and hairless glumes under normal growth conditions. an f2 population was developed from a cross between a japonica cultivar nipponbare and the glabrous leaf and hull mutant. by investigating the performance of the f2 population, we found that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene, temporarily designated glr3. bulked seg ... | 2016 | 27867151 |
| construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice breeding and seed production using a nuclear male sterility gene. | the breeding and large-scale adoption of hybrid seeds is an important achievement in agriculture. rice hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines (ptgms) as female parent. cytoplasmic male sterile lines are propagated via cross-pollination by corresponding maintainer lines, whereas ptgms lines are propagated via self-pollination under environmental conditions restoring male fertility. despite huge successes, both systems ha ... | 2016 | 27864513 |
| effect of n fertilization pattern on rice yield, n use efficiency and fertilizer-n fate in the yangtze river basin, china. | high n loss and low n use efficiency (nue), caused by high n fertilizer inputs and inappropriate fertilization patterns, have become important issues in the rice (oryza sativa l.) growing regions of southern china. changing current farmer fertilizer practice (ffp, 225 kg ha-1 n as three applications, 40% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer and 30% as jointing fertilizer) to one-time root-zone fertilization (rzf, 225 kg ha-1 n applied once into 10 cm deep holes positioned 5 cm from t ... | 2016 | 27861491 |
| dynamic and rapid changes in the transcriptome and epigenome during germination and in developing rice (oryza sativa) coleoptiles under anoxia and re-oxygenation. | detailed molecular profiling of oryza sativa (rice) was carried out to uncover the features that are essential for germination and early seedling growth under anoxic conditions. temporal analysis of the transcriptome and methylome from germination to young seedlings under aerobic and anaerobic conditions revealed 82% similarity in the transcriptome and no differences in the epigenome up to 24 h. following germination, significant changes in the transcriptome and dna methylation were observed bet ... | 2017 | 27859855 |
| influence of leaf vein density and thickness on hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.) during water stress. | the leaf venation architecture is an ideal, highly structured and efficient irrigation system in plant leaves. leaf vein density (lvd) and vein thickness are the two major properties of this system. leaf laminae carry out photosynthesis to harvest the maximum biological yield. it is still unknown whether the lvd and/or leaf vein thickness determines the plant hydraulic conductance (kplant) and leaf photosynthetic rate (a). to investigate this topic, the current study was conducted with two varie ... | 2016 | 27848980 |
| genome-wide association mapping of cold tolerance genes at the seedling stage in rice. | rice is a temperature-sensitive crop and its production is severely affected by low temperature in temperate and sub-tropical regions. to understand the genetic basis of cold tolerance in rice, we evaluated the cold tolerance at the seedling stage (cts) of 295 rice cultivars in the rice diversity panel 1 (rdp1), these cultivars were collected from 82 countries. | 2016 | 27848161 |
| impact of snps on protein phosphorylation status in rice (oryza sativa l.). | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are widely used in functional genomics and genetics research work. the high-quality sequence of rice genome has provided a genome-wide snp and proteome resource. however, the impact of snps on protein phosphorylation status in rice is not fully understood. in this paper, we firstly updated rice snp resource based on the new rice genome ver. 7.0, then systematically analyzed the potential impact of non-synonymous snps (nssnps) on the protein phosphorylation ... | 2016 | 27845739 |
| trace elements in native and improved paddy rice from different climatic regions of sri lanka: implications for public health. | samples of 226 new improved and 21 indigenous rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties were collected from the rice fields in three climatic zones of sri lanka and concentrations of 18 trace elements (li, b, al, cr, mn, fe, co, ni, cu, zn, as, se, sr, mo, cd, ba, pb and bi) were measured giving particular emphasis on se, cd and as using icp-ms. the two way multivariate analysis of variance (manova) method was employed to identify the differences in composition among rice from different climatic zones. | 2016 | 27843741 |
| a multilayered screening method for the identification of regulatory genes in rice by agronomic traits. | we developed a multilayered screening method that integrates both genome and transcriptome data to effectively identify regulatory genes in rice (oryza sativa). we tested our method using eight rice accessions that differed in three important nutritional and agricultural traits, anthocyanin biosynthesis, amylose content, and heading date. in the genome resequencing of eight rice accessions with 24 rna sequencing experiments, 98% of the preprocessed reads could be uniquely mapped to the reference ... | 2016 | 27840573 |
| rice mutants deficient in ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (fad8) fail to acclimate to cold temperatures. | to investigate the role of ω-3 fatty acid (fa) desaturase (fad8) during cold acclimation in higher plants, we characterized three independent t-dna insertional knock-out mutants of osfad8 from rice (oryza sativa l.). at room temperature (28 °c), osfad8 plants exhibited significant alterations in fatty acid (fa) unsaturation for all four investigated plastidic lipid classes. during a 5-d acclimation period at 4 °c, further changes in fa unsaturation in both wild-type (wt) and mutant plants varied ... | 2016 | 27835850 |
| increase phosphorus availability from the use of alfalfa (medicago sativa l) green manure in rice (oryza sativa l.) agroecosystem. | alfalfa is a good green manure source, but its effect on rice growth has not been fully elucidated. two green manure species, alfalfa and broad bean (vicia faba l.), and two n fertilizer levels, alone or combination, were applied to a rice field. the results indicated that alfalfa had more pronounced effects on increasing soil labile phosphorus (p) fractions (including nahco3-pi, naoh-pi), p uptake and soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase) than broad ... | 2016 | 27833163 |
| exploitation of heterosis loci for yield and yield components in rice using chromosome segment substitution lines. | we constructed 128 chromosome segment substitution lines (cssls), derived from a cross between indica rice (oryza sativa l.) 9311 and japonica rice nipponbare, to investigate the genetic mechanism of heterosis. three photo-thermo-sensitive-genic male sterile lines (guangzhan63-4s, 036s, and lian99s) were selected to cross with each cssl to produce testcross populations (tcs). field experiments were carried out in 2009, 2011, and 2015 to evaluate yield and yield-related traits in the cssls and tc ... | 2016 | 27833097 |
| influence of different rice cultivars on schizotetranychus oryzae development. | schizotetranychus oryzae rossi de simons (acari: tetranychidae) is considered one of the most important phytophagous mite in rice cultivation in the americas south, central, and north. this study aimed to examine some biological aspects of s. oryzae developing on leaves of three different cultivars of rice [oryza sativa (l.)-poaceae] produced in the state of rio grande do sul, brasil. the plants were kept in a room at 25 ± 1°c, with natural light (photophase of approximately 14 h) and 70 ± 5% re ... | 2017 | 27832463 |
| changes in gene expression and catalase activity in oryza sativa l. under abiotic stress. | different rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes were subjected to high salinity and low temperature (150 mm nacl and 13°c, respectively) for 0, 6, 24, 48, or 72 h. we evaluated the simultaneous expression of the genes oscata, oscatb, and oscatc, correlated gene expression with enzyme activity, and verified the regulation of these genes through identification of cis-elements in the promoter region. the hydrogen peroxide content increased in a tolerant genotype and decreased in a sensitive genotype und ... | 2016 | 27819727 |
| a novel tiller angle gene, tac3, together with tac1 and d2 largely determine the natural variation of tiller angle in rice cultivars. | tiller angle is one of the most important components of the ideal plant architecture that can greatly enhance rice grain yield. understanding the genetic basis of tiller angle and mining favorable alleles will be helpful for breeding new plant-type varieties. here, we performed genome-wide association studies (gwas) to identify genes controlling tiller angle using 529 diverse accessions of oryza sativa including 295 indica and 156 japonica accessions in two environments. we identified 7 common q ... | 2016 | 27814357 |
| quantitative trait loci mapping of the stigma exertion rate and spikelet number per panicle in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the stigma exertion rate is a polygenic inherited trait that is important for increased seed yield in hybrid rice breeding. to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with high stigma exertion rate, we conducted qtl mapping using 134 recombinant inbred lines derived from xieqingzaob and zhonghui9308, which have high and low stigma exertion rates, respectively. a total of eight qtls (qses6, qsse11, qdse1a, qdse1b, qdse10, qdse11, qtse1, and qtse11) for single stigma exertion, double sti ... | 2016 | 27813561 |
| genome-wide identification and characterization of tify family genes in moso bamboo (phyllostachys edulis) and expression profiling analysis under dehydration and cold stresses. | the proteins containing the tify domain belong to a plant-specific family of putative transcription factors and could be divided into four subfamilies: zml, tify, ppd and jaz. they not only function as key regulators of jasmonate hormonal response, but are also involved in responding to abiotic stress. in this study, we identified 24 tify genes (petifys) in moso bamboo (phyllostachys edulis) of poaceae by analyzing the whole genome sequence. one petify belongs to tify subfamily, 18 and five belo ... | 2016 | 27812419 |
| a bioinformatics approach for detecting repetitive nested motifs using pattern matching. | the identification of nested motifs in genomic sequences is a complex computational problem. the detection of these patterns is important to allow the discovery of transposable element (te) insertions, incomplete reverse transcripts, deletions, and/or mutations. in this study, a de novo strategy for detecting patterns that represent nested motifs was designed based on exhaustive searches for pairs of motifs and combinatorial pattern analysis. these patterns can be grouped into three categories, ... | 2016 | 27812277 |
| effects of nitrogen on egg-laying inhibition and ovicidal response in planthopper-resistant rice varieties. | a series of experiments was set up to examine the effects of nitrogen on rice (oryza sativa l.) resistance against nilaparvata lugens (stål) and sogatella furcifera (horváth). egg laying by n. lugens was reduced on the indica variety ir60. nymph biomass (n. lugens and s. furcifera) was also lower on ir60: this was associated with low honeydew production and a high proportion of xylem-derived honeydew in n. lugens but not in s. furcifera. nitrogen increased egg-laying by s. furcifera and increase ... | 2016 | 27812236 |
| efficient acquisition of iron confers greater tolerance to saline-alkaline stress in rice (oryza sativa l.). | to elucidate the mechanisms underlying tolerance to saline-alkaline stress in two rice genotypes, dongdao-4 and jigeng-88, we exposed them to medium supplemented with 10 mm na2co3 and 40 mm nacl (ph 8.5). dongdao-4 plants displayed higher biomass, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rates, and a larger root system than jigeng-88 under saline-alkaline conditions. dongdao-4 had a higher shoot na+/k+ ratio than jigeng-88 under both control and saline-alkaline conditions. dongdao-4 exhibited str ... | 2016 | 27811002 |
| effects of manganese oxide-modified biochar composites on arsenic speciation and accumulation in an indica rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivar. | a pot experiment was used to investigate arsenic (as) speciation and accumulation in rice, as well as its concentration in both heavily contaminated and moderately contaminated soils amended with manganese oxide-modified biochar composites (mbc) and biochar alone (bc). in heavily as-contaminated soil, application of bc and mbc improved the weight of above-ground part and rice root, whereas in moderately as-contaminated soil, the application of mbc and low rate bc amendment increased rice root, g ... | 2017 | 27810533 |
| osptac2 encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein and regulates rice chloroplast development. | functional chloroplast generation depends on the precise coordination of gene expression between the plastid and the nucleus and is essential for plant growth and development. in this study, a rice (oryza sativa) mutant that exhibited albino and seedling-lethal phenotypes was isolated from a60co-irradiated rice population. the mutant gene was identified as an ortholog of the arabidopsis plastid transcriptionally active chromosome protein 2 (ptac2) gene, and the mutant strain was designated ospta ... | 2016 | 27760723 |
| robust phenotyping strategies for evaluation of stem non-structural carbohydrates (nsc) in rice. | rice plants (oryza sativa) accumulate excess photoassimilates in the form of non-structural carbohydrates (nscs) in their stems prior to heading that can later be mobilized to supplement photosynthate production during grain-filling. despite longstanding interest in stem nsc for rice improvement, the dynamics of nsc accumulation, remobilization, and re-accumulation that have genetic potential for optimization have not been systematically investigated. here we conducted three pilot experiments to ... | 2016 | 27707775 |
| temporal variability in trace metal solubility in a paddy soil not reflected in uptake by rice (oryza sativa l.). | alternating flooding and drainage conditions have a strong influence on redox chemistry and the solubility of trace metals in paddy soils. however, current knowledge of how the effects of water management on trace metal solubility are linked to trace metal uptake by rice plants over time is still limited. here, a field-contaminated paddy soil was subjected to two flooding and drainage cycles in a pot experiment with two rice plant cultivars, exhibiting either high or low cd accumulation characte ... | 2016 | 26832131 |
| genotype × environment interactions of yield traits in backcross introgression lines derived from oryza sativa cv. swarna/oryza nivara. | advanced backcross introgression lines (bils) developed from crosses of oryza sativa var. swarna/o. nivara accessions were grown and evaluated for yield and related traits. trials were conducted for consecutive three seasons in field conditions in a randomized complete block design with three replications. data on yield traits under irrigated conditions were analyzed using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (ammi), genotype and genotype × environment interaction (gge) and mo ... | 2016 | 27807437 |
| molecular evidence for biochemical diversification of phenolamide biosynthesis in rice plants. | two phenolamides (pas), p-coumaroylputrescine and feruloylputrescine strongly accumulate in rice (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare) leaves subjected to attack of chewing and sucking herbivores. here we identified and characterized in vitro three novel rice genes that mediated coumaroyl-coa/feruloyl-coa conjugation to polyamines, putrescine and agmatine. interestingly, two genes were highly specific for their polyamine substrates, encoding putrescine n-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase and agmatine n-hydrox ... | 2016 | 27015846 |
| heavy-ion beam mutagenesis identified an essential gene for chloroplast development under cold stress conditions during both early growth and tillering stages in rice. | we isolated a cold sensitive virescent1 (csv1) mutant from a rice (oryza sativa l.) population mutagenized by carbon ion irradiation. the mutant exhibited chlorotic leaves during the early growth stages, and produced normal green leaves as it grew. the growth of csv1 plants displayed sensitivity to low temperatures. in addition, the mutant plants that were transferred to low temperatures at the fifth leaf stage produced chlorotic leaves subsequently. genetic and molecular analyses revealed trans ... | 2017 | 27804786 |
| attenuation of thrombosis by crude rice (oryza sativa) bran policosanol extract: ex vivo platelet aggregation and serum levels of arachidonic acid metabolites. | background. vascular occlusion or thrombosis was often attributed to uncontrolled platelet activation. influence of sugarcane policosanol extract on platelet was reported but little was known of rice bran policosanol, particularly its mechanisms of actions on platelet activities. objective. antiplatelet mechanisms of rice bran policosanol extract (rbe) were studied using hyperlipidemic sprague dawley rats. ex vivo platelet aggregation, platelet count (pc), bleeding time (bt), and coagulation tim ... | 2016 | 27800004 |
| do aeration conditions affect arsenic and phosphate accumulation and phosphate transporter expression in rice (oryza sativa l.)? | widespread contamination of rice with arsenic (as) has revealed a major exposure pathway to humans. the present study aimed to investigate the effects of oxygen in the rhizosphere on phosphate (p) transporter (for arsenate transportation) expressions, on as and p accumulation and as speciation in four rice genotypes. oxygenation marginally increased root and shoot length. total as concentrations in rice roots were dramatically reduced following aeration compared to stagnant treatments (p < 0.001 ... | 2018 | 27798801 |
| association between qtls and morphological traits toward sheath blight resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | sheath blight is considered the most significant disease of rice and causes enormous yield losses over the world. breeding for resistant varieties is the only viable option to combat the disease efficiently. seventeen diverged rice genotypes along with 17 qtl-linked ssr markers were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. pearson's correlation showed only the flag leaf angle had a significant correlation with sheath blight resistance under greenhouse screening. multivariate analysis based on upgm ... | 2016 | 27795687 |
| a practical, rapid generation-advancement system for rice breeding using simplified biotron breeding system. | a new plant breeding method-the biotron breeding system (bbs)-can rapidly produce advanced generations in rice (oryza sativa l.) breeding. this method uses a growth chamber (biotron) with co2 control, accompanied by tiller removal and embryo rescue to decrease the period before seed maturity. however, tiller removal and embryo rescue are laborious and impractical for large populations. we investigated the influences of increased co2, tiller removal, and root restriction on the days to heading (d ... | 2016 | 27795679 |
| a single amino acid mutation of ossbeiib contributes to resistant starch accumulation in rice. | foods rich in resistant starch can help prevent various diseases, including diabetes, colon cancers, diarrhea, and chronic renal and hepatic diseases. variations in starch biosynthesis enzymes could contribute to the high content of resistant starch in some cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.). our previously published work indicated that the sbe3-rs gene in the rice mutant line, 'jiangtangdao1' was a putative allele of the rice starch branching enzyme gene sbeiib (previously known as sbe3); sbe3 ... | 2016 | 27795673 |
| the draft genome of the c3 panicoid grass species dichanthelium oligosanthes. | comparisons between c3 and c4 grasses often utilize c3 species from the subfamilies ehrhartoideae or pooideae and c4 species from the subfamily panicoideae, two clades that diverged over 50 million years ago. the divergence of the c3 panicoid grass dichanthelium oligosanthes from the independent c4 lineages represented by setaria viridis and sorghum bicolor occurred approximately 15 million years ago, which is significantly more recent than members of the bambusoideae, ehrhartoideae, and pooidea ... | 2016 | 27793170 |
| allelic diversity in an nlr gene bph9 enables rice to combat planthopper variation. | brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens stål, is one of the most devastating insect pests of rice (oryza sativa l.). currently, 30 bph-resistance genes have been genetically defined, most of which are clustered on specific chromosome regions. here, we describe molecular cloning and characterization of a bph-resistance gene, bph9, mapped on the long arm of rice chromosome 12 (12l). bph9 encodes a rare type of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (nlr)-containing protein that localizes t ... | 2016 | 27791169 |
| influence of ethnic traditional cultures on genetic diversity of rice landraces under on-farm conservation in southwest china. | crop genetic resources are important components of biodiversity. however, with the large-scale promotion of mono-cropping, genetic diversity has largely been lost. ex-situ conservation approaches were widely used to protect traditional crop varieties worldwide. however, this method fails to maintain the dynamic evolutionary processes of crop genetic resources in their original habitats, leading to genetic diversity reduction and even loss of the capacity of resistance to new diseases and pests. ... | 2016 | 27788685 |
| rice bran protein as a potent source of antimelanogenic peptides with tyrosinase inhibitory activity. | rice (oryza sativa) is consumed as a staple food globally, and rice bran, the byproduct, is an unused biomass that is ultimately discarded as waste. thus, in the present study, a technique for producing tyrosinase inhibitory peptides from rice bran protein (rbp) was developed. simultaneous treatment of rbp with chymotrypsin and trypsin produced numerous peptides. subsequently, six tyrosinase inhibitory peptides were isolated from the hydrolysate fractions in a multistep purification protocol, an ... | 2016 | 27648609 |
| phosphorus uptake, partitioning and redistribution during grain filling in rice. | in cultivated rice, phosphorus (p) in grains originates from two possible sources, namely exogenous (post-flowering root p uptake from soil) or endogenous (p remobilization from vegetative parts) sources. this study investigates p partitioning and remobilization in rice plants throughout grain filling to resolve contributions of p sources to grain p levels in rice. | 2016 | 27590335 |
| function of heterotrimeric g-protein γ subunit rgg1 in providing salinity stress tolerance in rice by elevating detoxification of ros. | the present study provides evidence of a unique function of rgg1 in providing salinity stress tolerance in transgenic rice without affecting yield. it also provides a good example for signal transduction from the external environment to inside for enhanced agricultural production that withstands the extreme climatic conditions and ensures food security. the role of heterotrimeric g-proteins functioning as signalling molecules has not been studied as extensively in plants as in animals. recently, ... | 2017 | 27785615 |
| fe deficiency induced changes in rice (oryza sativa l.) thylakoids. | iron deficiency is an important abiotic stress that limits productivity of crops all over the world. we selected a hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.), lypj, which is super high-yield and widely cultured in china, to investigate changes in the components and structure of thylakoid membranes and photosynthetic performance in response to iron deficiency. our results demonstrated that photosystem i (psi) is the primary target for iron deficiency, while the changes in photosystem ii (psii) are important f ... | 2017 | 27783241 |
| wsl3, a component of the plastid-encoded plastid rna polymerase, is essential for early chloroplast development in rice. | plastid-encoded plastid rna polymerase (pep), a dominant rna polymerase in mature chloroplasts, consists of core subunits and peripheral subunits. despite the importance of the peripheral subunits in control of pep activity it is unclear how they interact with one another to exert physiological effects on chloroplast development and plant growth, especially in rice. here, we report a mutant, designated wsl3 that lacks a peripheral subunit in rice. we isolated the wsl3 gene encoding an essential ... | 2016 | 27573887 |
| snp-based discovery of salinity-tolerant qtls in a bi-parental population of rice (oryza sativa). | breeding for salt tolerance is the most promising approach to enhance the productivity of saline prone areas. however, polygenic inheritance of salt tolerance in rice acts as a bottleneck in conventional breeding for salt tolerance. hence, we set our goals to construct a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-based molecular map employing high-throughput snp marker technology and to investigate salinity tolerant qtls with closest flanking markers using an elite rice background. seedling stage sali ... | 2016 | 27535768 |
| grain filling characteristics and their relations with endogenous hormones in large- and small-grain mutants of rice. | this study determined if the variation in grain filling parameters between two different spikelet types of rice (oryza sativa l.) is regulated by the hormonal levels in the grains. two rice mutants, namely, a large-grain mutant (azu-m) and a small-grain mutant (zf802-m), and their respective wild types (azu-wt and zf802-wt) were grown in the field. the endosperm cell division rate, filling rate, and hormonal levels: zeatin + zeatin riboside (z+zr), indo-3-acetic acid (iaa), polyamines (pas), and ... | 2016 | 27780273 |
| overexpression of the 16-kda α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor rag2 improves grain yield and quality of rice. | increasing grain yield and improving grain quality are two important goals for rice breeding. a better understanding of the factors that contribute to the overall grain quantity and nutritional quality of rice will lay the foundation for developing new breeding strategies. rag2 is a member of 14-to-16-kda α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors in rice, which belong to the albumin of seed storage proteins. we found that rag2 was specifically expressed in ripening seed and its transcription peak was between ... | 2017 | 27775871 |
| germinated pigmented rice (oryza sativa l. cv. superhongmi) improves glucose and bone metabolisms in ovariectomized rats. | the effect of germinated superhongmi, a reddish brown pigmented rice cultivar, on the glucose profile and bone turnover in the postmenopausal-like model of ovariectomized rats was determined. the ovariectomized sprague-dawley rats were randomly divided into three dietary groups (n = 10): normal control diet (nc) and normal diet supplemented with non-germinated superhongmi (sh) or germinated superhongmi (gsh) rice powder. after eight weeks, the sh and gsh groups showed significantly lower body we ... | 2016 | 27775654 |
| nucleotide diversity analysis highlights functionally important genomic regions. | we analyzed functionality and relative distribution of genetic variants across the complete oryza sativa genome, using the 40 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) dataset from the 3,000 rice genomes project (http://snp-seek.irri.org), the largest and highest density snp collection for any higher plant. we have shown that the dna-binding transcription factors (tfs) are the most conserved group of genes, whereas kinases and membrane-localized transporters are the most variable ones. tfs ... | 2016 | 27774999 |
| abiotic stress and phytohormones affect enzymic activity of 1-o-(indole-3-acetyl)-β-d-glucose: myo-inositol indoleacetyl transferase from rice (oryza sativa). | indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) conjugation is a part of mechanism regulating free auxin concentration. 1-o-(indole-3-acetyl)-β-d-glucose: myo-inositol indoleacetyl transferase (iainos synthase) is an enzyme involved in iaa-ester conjugates biosynthesis. biotic and abiotic stress conditions can modulate auxin conjugates formation in plants. in this study, we investigated effect of plant hormones (iaa, aba, sa and 2,4-d) and abiotic stress (drought and salt stress: 150mm nacl and 300mm nacl) on expres ... | 2016 | 27649324 |
| an al-inducible expansin gene, osexpa10 is involved in root cell elongation of rice. | expansins are cell wall loosening proteins, which are encoded by multigene families. however, the physiological role of most expansin genes is still poorly understood. here, we functionally characterized an al-inducible expansin gene, osexpa10, which is regulated by a c2h2-type zinc-finger transcription factor, art1 in rice. a detailed expression analysis showed that osexpa10 was expressed in both the roots and shoots at a similar level, but only the expression in the roots was rapidly upregulat ... | 2016 | 27302336 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of rice varieties cultivated in temperate regions. | after its domestication, rice cultivation expanded from tropical regions towards northern latitudes with temperate climate in a progressive process to overcome limiting photoperiod and temperature conditions. this process has originated a wide range of diversity that can be regarded as a valuable resource for crop improvement. in general, current rice breeding programs have to deal with a lack of both germplasm accessions specifically adapted to local agro-environmental conditions and adapted do ... | 2016 | 27766601 |
| narrow and rolled leaf 2 regulates leaf shape, male fertility, and seed size in rice. | grain yield in rice (oryza sativa l.) is closely related to leaf and flower development. coordinative regulation of leaf, pollen, and seed development in rice as a critical biological and agricultural question should be addressed. here we identified two allelic rice mutants with narrow and semi-rolled leaves, named narrow and rolled leaf 2-1 (nrl2-1) and nrl2-2. map-based molecular cloning revealed that nrl2 encodes a novel protein with unknown biochemical function. the mutation of nrl2 caused p ... | 2016 | 27762074 |
| integrated analysis of rice transcriptomic and metabolomic responses to elevated night temperatures identifies sensitivity- and tolerance-related profiles. | transcript and metabolite profiling were performed on leaves from six rice cultivars under high night temperature (hnt) condition. six genes were identified as central for hnt response encoding proteins involved in transcription regulation, signal transduction, protein-protein interactions, jasmonate response and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. sensitive cultivars showed specific changes in transcript abundance including abiotic stress responses, changes of cell wall-related genes, of ... | 2017 | 27761892 |
| iron plaque decreases cadmium accumulation in oryza sativa l. and serves as a source of iron. | cadmium (cd) contamination occurs in paddy soils; hence it is necessary to reduce cd content of rice. application and mode of action of ferrous sulphate in minimizing cd in rice was monitored in the present study. pot culture with indian rice variety swarna (mtu 7029) was maintained in cd-spiked soil containing ferrous sulphates, which is expected to reduce cd accumulation in rice. responses in rhizosphere ph, root surface, metal accumulation in plant and molecular physiological processes were m ... | 2016 | 27439383 |
| a comparison of aquaporin function in mediating stomatal aperture gating among drought-tolerant and sensitive varieties of rice (oryza sativa l.). | climate change drastically affects the cultivation of rice, and its production is affected significantly by water stress. adaptation of a plant to water deficit conditions is orchestrated by efficient water uptake and a stringently regulated water loss. transpiration remains the major means of water loss from plants and is mediated by microscopic pores called stomata. stomatal aperture gating is facilitated by ion channels and aquaporins (aqps) which regulate the turgidity of the guard cells. in ... | 2016 | 26631017 |
| terminalia arjuna bark extract alleviates nickel toxicity by suppressing its uptake and modulating antioxidative defence in rice seedlings. | terminalia arjuna (ta) bark contains various natural antioxidants and has been used to protect animal cells against oxidative stress. in the present study, we have examined alleviating effects of ta bark aqueous extract against ni toxicity in rice (oryza sativa l.). when rice seedlings were raised for 8 days in hydroponics in yoshida nutrient medium containing 200 μm niso4, a decline in height, reduced biomass, increased ni uptake, loss of root plasma membrane integrity, increase in the level of ... | 2016 | 26497693 |
| short-chain chlorinated paraffins in soil, paddy seeds (oryza sativa) and snails (ampullariidae) in an e-waste dismantling area in china: homologue group pattern, spatial distribution and risk assessment. | short-chain chlorinated paraffins (sccps) in multi-environmental matrices are studied in taizhou, zhejiang province, china, which is a notorious e-waste dismantling area. the investigated matrices consist of paddy field soil, paddy seeds (oryza sativa, separated into hulls and rice unpolished) and apple snails (ampullariidae, inhabiting the paddy fields). the sampling area covered a 65-km radius around the contamination center. c10 and c11 are the two predominant homologue groups in the area, ac ... | 2017 | 27751635 |
| discovery of rice essential genes by characterizing a crispr-edited mutation of closely related rice map kinase genes. | the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)/crispr-associated protein 9 nuclease (cas9) system depends on a guide rna (grna) to specify its target. by efficiently co-expressing multiple grnas that target different genomic sites, the polycistronic trna-grna gene (ptg) strategy enables multiplex gene editing in the family of closely related mitogen-activated protein kinase (mpk) genes in oryza sativa (rice). in this study, we identified mpk1 and mpk6 (arabidopsis atmpk6 a ... | 2017 | 27747971 |
| photo-modulation of programmed cell death in rice leaves triggered by salinity. | in this paper we provide evidence for involvement of chloroplast as alternate organelle for initiating pcd in plants under light and abiotic stress. in animals, mitochondria are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ros) and key executioner of programmed cell death (pcd). in plants, however, the primary site of generation of ros is chloroplast and yet its involvement in pcd has not been worked out in details. we found by evans blue staining that salt (150 mm nacl)-treated protoplasts obta ... | 2017 | 27747443 |
| elucidation of complex nature of peg induced drought-stress response in rice root using comparative proteomics approach. | along with many adaptive strategies, dynamic changes in protein abundance seem to be the common strategy to cope up with abiotic stresses which can be best explored through proteomics. understanding of drought response is the key to decipher regulatory mechanism of better adaptation. rice (oryza sativa l.) proteome represents a phenomenal source of proteins that govern traits of agronomic importance, such as drought tolerance. in this study, a comparison of root cytoplasmic proteome was done for ... | 2016 | 27746797 |
| retrotransposon-mediated aluminum tolerance through enhanced expression of the citrate transporter osfrdl4. | high aluminum (al) tolerance of rice (oryza sativa) is controlled by multiple tolerance genes, but the regulatory mechanisms underlying the differential expression of these genes are poorly understood. here, we investigated the factors regulating the expression of osfrdl4, a gene encoding a citrate efflux transporter involved in al-induced citrate secretion from the roots. analysis with chromosome segment substitution lines derived from cv nipponbare (high osfrdl4 expression) and cv kasalath (lo ... | 2016 | 27744299 |
| silicon improves rice grain yield and photosynthesis specifically when supplied during the reproductive growth stage. | silicon (si) has been recognized as a beneficial element to improve rice (oryza sativa l.) grain yield. despite some evidence suggesting that this positive effect is observed when si is supplied along the reproductive growth stage (from panicle initiation to heading), it remains unclear whether its supplementation during distinct growth phases can differentially impact physiological aspects of rice and its yield and the underlying mechanisms. here, we investigated the effects of additions/remova ... | 2016 | 27744227 |
| an ethnobotanical study of traditional rice landraces (oryza sativa l.) used for medical treatment in selected local communities of the philippines. | rice (oryza sativa l.) remains as one the most important staple food of the philippines with an overabundance of varieties and gastronomic use. despite this, no published comprehensive ethnobotanical information exists for the exclusive subject on philippine traditional rice varieties and their ethnomedicinal value. | 2016 | 27742407 |
| association of increased grain iron and zinc concentrations with agro-morphological traits of biofortified rice. | biofortification of rice (oryza sativa l.) with micronutrients is widely recognized as a sustainable strategy to alleviate human iron (fe) and zinc (zn) deficiencies in developing countries where rice is the staple food. constitutive overexpression of the rice nicotianamine synthase (osnas) genes has been successfully implemented to increase fe and zn concentrations in unpolished and polished rice grain. intensive research is now needed to couple this high-micronutrient trait with high grain yie ... | 2016 | 27733860 |
| molecular and bioinformatic characterization of the rice root uv-b sensitive gene family. | root uv-b sensitive (rus) genes exist in most eukaryotic organisms, and encode proteins that contain a duf647 (domain of unknown function 647). although the rus genes are known to play essential roles in arabidopsis seedling development, their precise functions are not well understood in other plants, including rice. | 2016 | 27730518 |
| manganese-induced salt stress tolerance in rice seedlings: regulation of ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. | hydroponically grown 12-day-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv. brri dhan47) seedlings were exposed to 150 mm nacl alone and combined with 0.5 mm mnso4. salt stress resulted in disruption of ion homeostasis by na+ influx and k+ efflux. higher accumulation of na+ and water imbalance under salinity caused osmotic stress, chlorosis, and growth inhibition. salt-induced ionic toxicity and osmotic stress consequently resulted in oxidative stress by disrupting the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems t ... | 2016 | 27729716 |
| little white lies: pericarp color provides insights into the origins and evolution of southeast asian weedy rice. | weedy rice is a conspecific form of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) that infests rice fields and results in severe crop losses. weed strains in different world regions appear to have originated multiple times from different domesticated and/or wild rice progenitors. in the case of malaysian weedy rice, a multiple-origin model has been proposed based on neutral markers and analyses of domestication genes for hull color and seed shattering. here, we examined variation in pericarp (bran) color an ... | 2016 | 27729434 |
| genome wide association study (gwas) for grain yield in rice cultivated under water deficit. | the identification of rice drought tolerant materials is crucial for the development of best performing cultivars for the upland cultivation system. this study aimed to identify markers and candidate genes associated with drought tolerance by genome wide association study analysis, in order to develop tools for use in rice breeding programs. this analysis was made with 175 upland rice accessions (oryza sativa), evaluated in experiments with and without water restriction, and 150,325 snps. thirte ... | 2016 | 27722804 |
| heat-induced phytohormone changes are associated with disrupted early reproductive development and reduced yield in rice. | heat stress causes morphological and physiological changes and reduces crop yield in rice (oryza sativa). to investigate changes in phytohormones and their relationships with yield and other attributes under heat stress, four rice varieties (nagina22, huanghuazhan, liangyoupeijiu, and shanyou 63) were grown in pots and subjected to three high temperature treatments plus control in temperature-controlled greenhouses for 15 d during the early reproductive phase. yield reductions in nagina22, huang ... | 2016 | 27713528 |
| proteomic analysis reveals different involvement of embryo and endosperm proteins during aging of yliangyou 2 hybrid rice seeds. | seed aging is a process that results in a delayed germination, a decreased germination percentage, and finally a total loss of seed viability. however, the mechanism of seed aging is poorly understood. in the present study, yliangyou 2 hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds were artificially aged at 100% relative humidity and 40°c, and the effect of artificial aging on germination, germination time course and the change in protein profiles of embryo and endosperm was studied to understand the molec ... | 2016 | 27708655 |
| characterization and gene cloning of the rice (oryza sativa l.) dwarf and narrow-leaf mutant dnl3. | the dwarf and narrow-leaf rice (oryza sativa l.) mutant dnl3 was isolated from the japonica cultivar zhonghua 11 (wild-type). dnl3 exhibited pleiotropic developmental defects. the narrow-leaf phenotype resulted from a marked reduction in the number of vascular bundles, while the dwarf stature was caused by the formation of foreshortened internodes and a reduced number of parenchyma cells. the suggestion that cell division is impaired in the mutant was consistent with the transcriptional behavior ... | 2016 | 27706742 |
| molecular breeding of rice restorer lines and hybrids for brown planthopper (bph) resistance using the bph14 and bph15 genes. | the development of hybrid rice is a practical approach for increasing rice production. however, the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens stål, causes severe yield loss of rice (oryza sativa l.) and can threaten food security. therefore, breeding hybrid rice resistant to bph is the most effective and economical strategy to maintain high and stable production. fortunately, numerous bph resistance genes have been identified, and abundant linkage markers are available for molecular marker-ass ... | 2016 | 27704482 |
| molecular dissection of seedling salinity tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.) using a high-density gbs-based snp linkage map. | salinity is one of the many abiotic stresses limiting rice production worldwide. several studies were conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for traits associated to salinity tolerance. however, due to large confidence interval for the position of qtls, utility of reported qtls and the associated markers has been limited in rice breeding programs. the main objective of this study is to construct a high-density rice genetic map for identification qtls and candidate genes for salinit ... | 2016 | 27696287 |
| genetic control of flowering time in rice: integration of mendelian genetics and genomics. | integration of previous mendelian genetic analyses and recent molecular genomics approaches, such as linkage mapping and qtl cloning, dramatically strengthened our current understanding of genetic control of rice flowering time. flowering time is one of the most important agronomic traits for seed production in rice (oryza sativa l.). it is controlled mainly by genes associated with photoperiod sensitivity, particularly in short-day plants such as rice. since the early twentieth century, rice br ... | 2016 | 27695876 |
| energetics of acclimation to nacl by submerged, anoxic rice seedlings. | our aim was to elucidate how plant tissues under a severe energy crisis cope with imposition of high nacl, which greatly increases ion fluxes and hence energy demands. the energy requirements for ion regulation during combined salinity and anoxia were assessed to gain insights into ion transport processes in the anoxia-tolerant coleoptile of rice. | 2017 | 27694332 |
| the abcs of flower development: mutational analysis of ap1/ful-like genes in rice provides evidence for a homeotic (a)-function in grasses. | the well-known abc model describes the combinatorial interaction of homeotic genes in specifying floral organ identities. while the b- and c-functions are highly conserved throughout flowering plants and even in gymnosperms, the a-function, which specifies the identity of perianth organs (sepals and petals in eudicots), remains controversial. one reason for this is that in most plants that have been investigated thus far, with arabidopsis being a remarkable exception, one does not find recessive ... | 2017 | 27689766 |