| identification of males at increased risk for genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection among patients referred for urological consultation. | in order to identify the probable risk groups, this study analysed the reasons for referral to a urological clinic and the indications for peniscopy among males with suspected genital hpv infection. the patients were derived from a series of 2370 consecutive males attending our urological clinic in sao paulo, of whom 652 males (27.5%) aroused a clinical suspicion of genital hpv infection. patients were categorized into 7 groups, according to their indications for referral. altogether, 459 (70.4% ... | 2007 | 18027279 |
| hpv: from infection to cancer. | infection with hpv (human papillomavirus) 16 is the cause of 50% or more of cervical cancers in women. hpv16 infection, however, is very common in young sexually active women, but the majority mount an effective immune response and clear infection. approx. 10% of individuals develop a persistent infection, and it is this cohort who are at risk of cancer progression, with the development of high-grade precursor lesions and eventually invasive carcinoma. effective evasion of innate immune recognit ... | 2007 | 18031245 |
| evaluation of two types of sponges used to collect cervical secretions and assessment of antibody extraction protocols for recovery of neutralizing anti-human papillomavirus type 16 antibodies. | immunogenicity evaluations in human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine trials have relied on serological samples, yet cervical antibodies are likely to be most relevant for protection against infection. in order to assess functional antibody levels at the cervix, the secreted-alkaline-phosphatase neutralization assay (seapna) was used to measure hpv-neutralizing activity. we assessed the variability of the seapna with serum samples after vaccination with an hpv type 16 (hpv16) l1 virus-like particle v ... | 2008 | 18032596 |
| a focused antibody library for selecting scfvs expressed at high levels in the cytoplasm. | intrabodies are defined as antibody molecules which are ectopically expressed inside the cell. such intrabodies can be used to visualize or inhibit the targeted antigen in living cells. however, most antibody fragments cannot be used as intrabodies because they do not fold under the reducing conditions of the cell cytosol and nucleus. | 2007 | 18034894 |
| comparison of amplicor and hybrid capture ii assays for high risk hpv detection in normal and abnormal liquid-based cytology: use of inno-lipa genotyping assay to screen the discordant results. | the study was aimed to evaluate the feasibility of detecting human papillomavirus (hpv) in women with normal or abnormal cervical smears using the roche amplicor mwp hpv test. we compared by amplicor test and hybrid capture ii (hcii) test, the prevalence of hr-hpv in 470 cervical samples including 55 samples with wnl cytology, 208 asc-us, 193 lgsil and 14 hgsil. samples with discordant results were retested with inno-lipa genotyping hpv test v2. the hr-hpv positivity in wnl cytology samples was ... | 2008 | 18036888 |
| molecular techniques in cytopathology practice. | in the last decade, new molecular techniques were introduced into pathology laboratories. cytology also benefited from the innovations emerging from this new era. molecular cytopathology (mcp) can be defined as molecular studies applied on all types of cytological specimens, namely gynaecology cytology, exfoliative non- gynaecology cytology and fine needle aspirates. the development of many new ancillary techniques has paralleled the emergence of clinical cytology as a major diagnostic specialty ... | 2008 | 18037664 |
| feline cutaneous viral papilloma associated with human papillomavirus type 9. | a 12-year-old domestic shorthaired cat developed a multinodular exophytic mass on the dorsal surface of the nose. the skin surrounding the mass was nonpigmented, and actinic keratosis had been diagnosed in this area 3 years previously. histologic examination revealed hyperkeratosis, epidermal hyperplasia, papillomatosis, koilocytosis, and possible intranuclear viral inclusions. polymerase chain reaction amplified papillomaviral deoxyribonucleic acid from formalin-fixed samples of the lesion. seq ... | 2007 | 18039907 |
| inhibition of hpv-16 l1 expression from l1 cdnas correlates with the presence of hnrnp a1 binding sites in the l1 coding region. | the human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) l1 capsid protein is very poorly expressed from cdna expression plasmids transiently transfected into mammalian cells. the results described herein demonstrate that inhibition of hpv-16 l1 expression from l1 cdnas correlates with the presence of splicing regulatory sequences in the l1 coding region. this inhibitory effect correlates with the binding of hnrnp a1 to the rna elements. similar to unutilised splice sites that may retain mrnas in the nucleus, ... | 2008 | 18040766 |
| the regulatory element in the 3'-untranslated region of human papillomavirus 16 inhibits expression by binding cug-binding protein 1. | the 3'-untranslated regions (utrs) of human papillomavirus 16 (hpv16) and bovine papillomavirus 1 (bpv1) contain a negative regulatory element (nre) that inhibits viral late gene expression. the bpv1 nre consists of a single 9-nucleotide (nt) u1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snrnp) base pairing site (herein called a u1 binding site) that via u1 snrnp binding leads to inhibition of the late poly(a) site. the 79-nt hpv16 nre is far more complicated, consisting of 4 overlapping very weak u1 bind ... | 2008 | 18042543 |
| tonsil t cell immunity to human papillomavirus in the absence of detectable virus in healthy adults. | human papillomavirus (hpv) is known to infect the epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract; however, major questions regarding prevalence and persistence of infection, and their relation to local immune response, remain unanswered. | 2008 | 18043489 |
| recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: an overview of current thinking and treatment. | human papillomaviruses (hpv) infection in benign laryngeal papillomas is well established. the vast majority of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis lesions are due to hpv types 6 and 11. human papillomaviruses are small non-enveloped viruses (>8 kb), that replicate within the nuclei of infected host cells. infected host basal cell keratinocytes and papillomas arise from the disordered proliferation of these differentiating keratinocytes. surgical debulking of papillomas is currently the treatme ... | 2008 | 18046565 |
| human papillomaviruses activate caspases upon epithelial differentiation to induce viral genome amplification. | the life cycle of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) is linked to epithelial differentiation, with late viral events restricted to the uppermost stratified layers. our studies indicated that hpv activates capases-3, -7, and -9 upon differentiation, whereas minimal activation was observed in differentiating normal keratinocytes. activation occurred in the absence of significant levels of apoptosis, suggesting a potential role for caspases in the viral life cycle. in support of this, the addition of ca ... | 2007 | 18048335 |
| [modern prevention strategies of cervical cancer]. | cervical cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. its incidence is still increasing with lower average onset age. mass screening should be above prevention and treatment, and three screening programs, including the optimal program, the general program, and the basic program, are currently adopted in china. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) , a precancerous lesion, can be confirmed by the combined use of cytology, colposcopy, and histology and then managed with sta ... | 2007 | 18051708 |
| [relationship between human papillomavirus 16 infection and the expression of p33(ing1b), human telomerase reverse transcriptase in cervical squamous cell carcinoma of uygur female in xinjiang uygur autonomous region]. | to explore the relationship between human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 infection and the expression of p33(ing1b), human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert) in cervical squamous cell carcinoma of uygur female in xinjiang uygur autonomous region. | 2007 | 18051711 |
| [human papillomavirus types and their related diseases]. | with the development of biomolecular technology, more human papillomavirus (hpv) types have been found to be related with various diseases. high-risk hpv 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 61 have shown causal relationship with cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, oral cavity, and oropharynx. low-risk hpv 6 and 11 have shown causal relationship with genital warts. hpv may also cause cancer of the larynx. however, the relationships between hpv and esophagus and lung cancers are still contr ... | 2007 | 18051728 |
| cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccination in mexico: a transmission dynamic model-based evaluation. | we examined the potential health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (hpv) 6/11/16/18 vaccination strategies in the mexican population using a multi-hpv type dynamic transmission model. assuming similar cervical screening practices, with or without vaccination, we examined the incremental cost-effectiveness of vaccination strategies for 12 year-old females, with or without male vaccination, and temporary age 12-24 catch-up vaccination for females or both sexes. t ... | 2007 | 18055075 |
| [hpv vaccination and cervical cancer screening]. | | 2007 | 18057470 |
| members of the human papillomavirus type 18 family (alpha-7 species) share a common association with adenocarcinoma of the cervix. | | 2008 | 18059025 |
| molecular testing of human papillomavirus in cervical specimens. | to improve the diagnosis of cervical neoplasia by early detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) in uterine cervix, by adding molecular testing of hpv using hybrid capture 2 (hc2) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) tests to papanicolaou (pap) test. | 2007 | 18060207 |
| rna interference against hpv16 e7 oncogene leads to viral e6 and e7 suppression in cervical cancer cells and apoptosis via upregulation of rb and p53. | the simultaneous expression of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) e6 and e7 oncogenes is pivotal for malignant transformation and maintenance of malignant phenotypes. silencing these oncogenes is considered to be applicable in molecular therapies of human cervical cancer. however, it remains to be determined whether hpv16 e6 and e7 could be both silenced to obtain most efficient antitumor activity by using rna interference (rnai) technology. herein, we designed a small interfering rna (sirna) ... | 2008 | 18060502 |
| human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines: a canadian update. | a common sexually transmitted infection, human papillomavirus (hpv) has been linked to the development of cervical, anogenital, and head and neck cancers and genital warts. (2) several randomized controlled trials have explored the efficacy and safety of two vaccines for primary prevention of infection by hpv types 16 and 18, those most commonly implicated in the development of cervical cancer. (3) an hpv vaccine, gardasil, was approved in canada in 2006, and a second vaccine, cervarix, is under ... | 2007 | 18062141 |
| review: vaccines against human papillomavirus prevent cervical cancer precursors in young women for at least 3 years. | | 2007 | 18063728 |
| [to screen or to prevent cervical carcinoma?]. | | 2008 | 18068908 |
| [intraepithelial lesions and neoplasia associated with human papillomavirus infection]. | anogenital lesions induced by human papillomaviruses (hpv) are due to both high-risk hpv types involved in carcinogenesis of the cervix (and also, to a lesser extent, of the vulva, anus and vagina) and to low-risk hpv types that cause external genital warts in the perianal region, perineum, vulva and vagina (less often the cervix). cervical cancer is thus virus-induced, and there is a continuum from intraepithelial lesions to invasive cancer. this offers the opportunity to screen cervical smears ... | 2007 | 18072656 |
| [virological and carcinogenic aspects of hpv]. | human papillomaviruses are small viruses belonging to the papillomaviridae. more than 100 genotypes have been identified, causing benign (low-risk hpv) or malignant (high-risk hpv) cutaneous or mucosal lesions. the low-risk hpv6 and hpv11 provoke genital warts, while the high-risk hpv16 and hpv18 can cause cervical cancer. the hpvgenome includes several open reading frames that encode proteins involved in viral dna replication (e1 and e2), viral gene expression regulation (e2), virus assembly (e ... | 2007 | 18072657 |
| genetic variability in e6 and e7 genes of human papillomavirus -16, -18, -31 and -33 from hiv-1-positive women in italy. | among 544 hiv-positive women screened for hpv-dna between 2003 and 2005, 265 (48.7%) were hpv-positive: 24 (9.1%) harboured hpv-16, 21 (7.9%) hpv-31, 12 (4.5%) hpv-18, 7 (2.6%) hpv-33. e6 and e7 of these hpv types were sequenced to assess their diversity. ranges of inter- and intra-variant diversity were 1.2-3-3%, and 0.8-1.8 for e6 and 0.6-2.7%, and 0.6-2.0% for e7, respectively. hpv-31, the second most common hpv type, showed the highest diversity for both regions. on the whole, 26 out of 59 m ... | 2007 | 18080672 |
| [vaccination against human papillomavirus. an new prevention strategy against cancer]. | | 2008 | 18081051 |
| squamous cell carcinomas in children and young adults: a new wave of a very rare tumor? | squamous cell carcinomas (sccs) seem to have become more common recently. this study aims to check whether the increase is real and to review possible etiologic factors and problems in diagnosis. | 2007 | 18082703 |
| comprehensive comparison of the interaction of the e2 master regulator with its cognate target dna sites in 73 human papillomavirus types by sequence statistics. | mucosal human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are etiological agents of oral, anal and genital cancer. properties of high- and low-risk hpv types cannot be reduced to discrete molecular traits. the e2 protein regulates viral replication and transcription through a finely tuned interaction with four sites at the upstream regulatory region of the genome. a computational study of the e2-dna interaction in all 73 types within the alpha papillomavirus genus, including all known mucosal types, indicates that ... | 2008 | 18084026 |
| binding of human papilloma virus l1 virus-like particles to dendritic cells is mediated through heparan sulfates and induces immune activation. | immunization using human papilloma virus (hpv)-l1 virus-like particles (vlps) induces a robust and effective immune response, which has recently resulted in the implementation of the hpv-l1 vlp vaccination in health programs. however, during infection, hpv can escape immune surveillance leading to latency and disease. dendritic cells (dcs) induce effective immune responses after vaccination, but might also induce immune modulation during infection. the interaction of hpv-l1 vlps with mucosal dcs ... | 2007 | 18086370 |
| clinical cancer advances 2007: major research advances in cancer treatment, prevention, and screening--a report from the american society of clinical oncology. | a message from asco's president: for the third year, the american society of clinical oncology (asco) is publishing clinical cancer advances: major research advances in cancer treatment, prevention, and screening, an annual review of the most significant cancer research presented or published over the past year. asco publishes this report to demonstrate the important progress being made on the front lines of clinical cancer research today. the report is intended to give all those with an interes ... | 2008 | 18086794 |
| human papillomavirus infections in primary care. | cervical cancer continues to be a leading cause of mortality worldwide. the incidence and mortality associated with invasive cervical cancer have declined significantly in developed countries due to widespread availability of screening with the papanicolaou (pap) test. however, the incidence and prevalence of non-invasive cervical intraepithelial neoplasms and genital warts related to oncogenic and nononcogenic strains of human papilloma viruses (hpv) have remained relatively stable. recent adva ... | 2007 | 18086908 |
| type-specific antiviral antibodies to genital human papillomavirus types in mothers and newborns. | type-specific antibodies to human papillomaviruses (hpvs) can be detected in most infected adult patients, and they have virus-neutralizing properties. however, there is a dearth of information on the seroprevalence of maternal and neonatal antibodies to hpv capsid antigens. sera from 104 mothers, their newborns, and 3 twin pregnancies were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the presence of specific igg, igm, and iga antibodies to virus-like particles of hpv-6, -11, -16 ... | 2007 | 18089599 |
| reactivity pattern of 92 monoclonal antibodies with 15 human papillomavirus types. | most anti-human papillomavirus (hpv) capsid antibody assays are based on virus-like particles (vlp). we evaluated glutathione s-transferase (gst)-l1 fusion proteins as elisa antigens for determining type specificity and cross-reactivity of 92 vlp-specific monoclonal antibodies (mab) generated against nine mucosal alpha papillomavirus types of species 7, 9 and 10. the antibody panel included 25 new mab, and 24 previously published mab are further characterized. we determined the cross-reactivity ... | 2008 | 18089735 |
| chlamydia trachomatis detection in cervical preservcyt specimens from an irish urban female population. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cervical chlamydia trachomatis infection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in urban women undergoing routine cervical cytological screening and to investigate the relationship with age, cytology, smoking status and concurrent human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. | 2009 | 18093220 |
| [human papilloma virus genotyping assay using restriction fragment mass polymorphism analysis, and its comparison with sequencing and hybrid capture assays]. | infection with human papilloma virus (hpv) is the main cause of cervical cancer, and hpv genotyping is of increasing importance for determining clinical course and management of the disease based on the hpv genotypes. here, we established a novel matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) assay, termed restriction fragment mass polymorphism (rfmp) that is suitable for genotyping multiple hpv in an accurate and high-throughput manner. we evaluated ... | 2007 | 18094553 |
| hpv status and regional metastasis in the prognosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. | prognostic factors are important for treatment decisions as they help adapt the therapy on a case-to-case basis. nodal status, number of positive nodes, and presence of extracapsular spread are considered to be the important prognostic factors in head and neck cancer. some studies suggest that human papillomavirus (hpv) status also influences the outcome of the treatment. this influence can be explained by the variation in tendency to develop regional metastases and by variation in the type of n ... | 2008 | 18094985 |
| cancer vaccines: a new frontier in prevention and treatment. | vaccines have been exceptionally effective against diseases such as smallpox, measles, chickenpox, and polio. they are among the safest and most cost-effective agents for disease prevention. in recent years, vaccination has been considered for other diseases, including aids and cancer. cancer vaccines can be categorized as preventive or therapeutic. preventive vaccines, which are commercially available for cervical cancer and liver cancer, block infection with the causative agents of human papil ... | 2007 | 18154203 |
| patterns of genotype distribution in multiple human papillomavirus infections. | the relationship between severe-grade cervical lesions and clusters of human papillomavirus (hpv) genotypes in a taxonomic classification was surveyed in 232 women with previous abnormal cytology. hpv co-infections were clustered according to phylogenetic criteria. multiple infections were detected in 22.0% of the entire sample. clade a10 (represented by hpv-6 and hpv-11) appeared more frequently in multiple infections than clade a9, which was represented by five of the most common high-risk typ ... | 2008 | 18154550 |
| longitudinal cytological follow-up of patients with a papanicolaou test interpretation of "atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance" that was followed by a negative reflex test for high-risk human papillomavirus types. | the 2001 consensus guidelines essentially equated the follow-up management of patients with a papanicolaou (pap) test interpretation of negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy and those with an interpretation of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (asc-us) that was followed by a negative reflex test for high-risk human papillomavirus (hr hpv) types: follow-up cytology in 12 months. as several years have elapsed since these guidelines attained some measure of widespread ... | 2008 | 18156984 |
| infrared coagulator treatment of high-grade anal dysplasia in hiv-infected individuals: an aids malignancy consortium pilot study. | to evaluate prospectively the safety of the infrared coagulator (irc) as a treatment for anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (hsils) in hiv-infected individuals and to seek preliminary evidence for efficacy. | 2008 | 18156992 |
| female genital warts. | genital warts are a clinical manifestation of hpv types 6 and 11, and are estimated to affect 1% of sexually active adults aged between 15 and 49. hpv leading to a broad spectrum of human diseases, ranging from benign warts to malignant neoplasms, depending on the location of the lesion, the immune status of the patient and the type of hpv. current therapies for human papillomavirus-associated disease are based on the excision or ablation of involved tissue and are associated with a high frequen ... | 2007 | 18159964 |
| prognostic significance of tp53 mutations in oral squamous cell carcinoma with human papilloma virus infection. | the aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic impact of mutated tp53 in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) whose tumors were infected with human papillomavirus (hpv). | 2007 | 18161655 |
| human papillomavirus infection and the development of cervical cancer and related genital neoplasias. | the human papillomaviruses (hpv) are simple, nonenveloped, double-stranded dna viruses, which are responsible for an enormous global burden of genital disease. hpv is associated with 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer and 250,000 cervical cancer deaths worldwide each year. oncogenic hpv types 16 and 18 are responsible for a majority of cervical cancers and can also cause low- and high-grade cervical lesions (cin 1, 2, 3) as well as high-grade vulvar or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (vin or ... | 2007 | 18162244 |
| risk assessment to guide the prevention of cervical cancer. | advances in screening and diagnosis make it increasingly possible to prevent cervical cancer. however, if misused or poorly understood, these new tools will only increase costs and potentially harm patients without benefit. as a framework for standardized care that maximizes patient safety and well-being, we propose that a risk model be adopted to guide clinical management now and in the future. the model would use thresholds of increasing risk for cervical precancer and treatable cancer to guid ... | 2008 | 18162804 |
| [combined endolaryngeal videoendoscopic surgery and photodynamic treatment of patients with recurrent laryngeal and tracheal papillomatosis]. | two-stage combined treatment of chronic recurrent papillomatosis of the larynx and trachea has been designed and tested in p.a. herzen research cancer institute. stage i of the treatment consisted in endolaryngeal videoendoscopic surgery with nd:yag-laser destruction, argon-plasma coagulation and electroresection of the papilloma; stage ii - postoperative photodynamic therapy (pdt) to prevent recurrence. in 1995-2007 the treatment was given to 32 patients aged 10-66 years with recurrent papillom ... | 2007 | 18163084 |
| interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma): a possible prognostic marker for clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv). | the goal of this study was to identify cytokines that may predict high-risk hpv clearance or persistence in untreated patients with mild dysplasia or less of the uterine cervix. | 2008 | 18164379 |
| type-dependent integration frequency of human papillomavirus genomes in cervical lesions. | chromosomal integration of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) genomes is believed to represent a significant event in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer associated with progression from preneoplastic lesions to invasive carcinomas. this hypothesis is based on experimental data suggesting that integration-dependent disruption of hr-hpv e2 gene functions is important to achieve neoplastic transformation and on clinical data gathered by analyzing lesions induced by human papillomavirus (hpv) ... | 2008 | 18172324 |
| vaccinating adolescents in high-risk settings: lessons learned from experiences with hepatitis b vaccine. | meeting the health needs of adolescents who live in high-risk settings such as homeless shelters, migrant camps, juvenile detention centers, prisons, and other types of residential facilities presents many challenges. although there is no doubt that adolescents in many high-risk settings are at increased risk for hepatitis b and human papillomavirus, acute medical and psychological problems may consume all of the provider's time and resources. potential health threats such as vaccine-preventable ... | 2008 | 18174322 |
| projected cost-effectiveness of new vaccines for adolescents in the united states. | economic assessments that guide policy making on immunizations are becoming increasingly important in light of new and anticipated vaccines for adolescents. however, important considerations that limit the utility of these assessments, such as the diversity of approaches used, are often overlooked and should be better understood. | 2008 | 18174323 |
| time course of juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis caused by human papillomavirus. | with the recent licensure of a new quadrivalent vaccine, many diseases caused by human papillomavirus (hpv) can now be prevented, including recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (rrp). the purpose of this study was to describe the burden and time course of juvenile onset rrp. | 2008 | 18174855 |
| [progression and regression low grade intraepitelial squamous lesions in context of positivity of high risk human papillomavirus]. | evaluation of regression and progression of histologically confirmed low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (lg sil) in women under the age of 35 in context of positivity of high risk human papillomavirus (hpv hr). evaluation of sensitivity of pap smear and hpv hr test in women with lg sil. | 2007 | 18175519 |
| [evaluation of accuracy of three assays for human papillomavirus detection and typing: hybrid capture 2, hpv consensus kit and amplicor hpv]. | detection of high-risk human papillomavirus has proved its usefulness in complement of abnormal cervical scrape result. the hybrid capture 2 (hc2, digene) test has proven its efficiency. we have compared this test with hpv consensus kit (hpvc, argène) and amplicor hpv test (ahpv, rochediagnostics) on a panel of 88 samples with low hc2 ratios or discordant results between hc2 and cervical scrape. | 2008 | 18178026 |
| human papilloma virus (hpv) status, p16ink4a, and p53 overexpression in epithelial malignant and borderline ovarian neoplasms. | this investigation is the first to evaluate simultaneously human papilloma virus (hpv) status, p16(ink4a), and p53 immunoreactivity in epithelial ovarian neoplasms. the results were analyzed and correlated with histological type, histological grade, and survival of patients. subtypes considered are papillary serous and mucinous. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis, performed in our previous study, had already demonstrated a small number of hpv-positive epithelial ovarian neoplasms. no signi ... | 2008 | 18180113 |
| survey hints at uneven adoption of cancer vaccine. | | 2008 | 18180705 |
| regulation of telomerase and telomeres: human tumor viruses take control. | human tumor viruses are responsible for one-fifth of all cancers worldwide. these viruses have evolved multiple strategies to evade immune defenses and to persist in the host by establishing a latent infection. proliferation is necessary for pretumor cells to accumulate genetic alterations and to acquire a transformed phenotype. however, each cell division is associated with a progressive shortening of the telomeres, which can suppress tumor development by initiating senescence and irreversible ... | 2008 | 18182620 |
| transcriptional regulation of human papillomavirus type 18 p105 promoter by the co-activator cbp. | human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are the etiological agents of cervical cancer, with hpv-16 and 18 being the representative types of the higher risk group. the expression of the viral genes with transforming activity (e6 and e7) is controlled by the upstream regulatory region (urr), a segment of the viral genome that contains elements recognized by several transcription factors. | 2008 | 18182775 |
| hpv and cervical cancer: screening or vaccination? | following the demonstration of the superior validity of human papillomavirus (hpv) tests in screening for cervical cancer and the arrival of highly efficacious hpv 16 and 18 vaccines, cervical cancer prevention enters a time of sustainable introduction in developing countries. multidisciplinary efforts and novel protocols are being developed, and challenging situations are being faced to make cervical cancer, still the number two cancer in women worldwide, an eradicable condition. | 2008 | 18182975 |
| [experiencing pregnancy with human papillomavirus: a case study]. | this is a case study which theoretical reference is the calgary model of family evaluation (cmfe). the aim was to understand the experience of a pregnant woman with vulvar condilomatosis caused by human papillomavirus (hpv), and to understand the changes in family dynamics after the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of hpv. the study was conducted at a reference institution in gynecology in fortaleza, ceará, brazil. data were collected fiom october 2003 through april 2004. data were analyzed usi ... | 2007 | 18183695 |
| down-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta type ii receptor (tgf-betarii) protein and mrna expression in cervical cancer. | cervical carcinogenesis is a multistep process initiated by "high risk" human papillomaviruses (hr-hpv), most commonly hpv16. the infection per se is, however, not sufficient to induce malignant conversion. transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) inhibits epithelial proliferation and altered expression of tgf-beta or its receptors may be important in carcinogenesis. one cofactor candidate to initiate neoplasia in cervical cancer is the prolonged exposure to sex hormones. interestingly, previo ... | 2008 | 18184435 |
| placental infection with human papillomavirus is associated with spontaneous preterm delivery. | we sought to determine if human papillomavirus (hpv) infection of extravillous trophoblast cells reduces cell invasion and if placental infection is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes attributed to placental dysfunction. | 2008 | 18184644 |
| detection of human papillomavirus dna in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma among immunocompetent individuals. | the presence of certain types of human papillomavirus (hpv) is a known risk factor for the development of anogenital squamous cell carcinomas (sccs). a similar association has been hypothesized for cutaneous sccs, although, to our knowledge, no studies to date have combined sensitive hpv dna detection techniques with epidemiologic data controlling for known risk factors to explore the association. we designed a case-control study examining hpv prevalence using highly sensitive pcr-detection assa ... | 2008 | 18185530 |
| evaluation of p16ink4a as a diagnostic tool in the triage of pap smears demonstrating atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. | p16(ink4a) (p16) has emerged as a biomarker for the detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) in papanicolaou (pap) smears. many studies have confirmed a strong correlation between p16 immunohistochemical positivity and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (hsil) of the cervix. because p16 is predictive of hr-hpv and hsil, it seems plausible that p16 could be used as a diagnostic tool to triage atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ascus) pap smears. in this way ... | 2008 | 18186493 |
| [human papillomavirus vaccines]. | to assess the efficacy, the tolerance, the duration of protection and the limitations of papillomavirus vaccines and to determine the potential indications for prophylactic vaccination. | 2008 | 18187268 |
| human papillomavirus vaccine and cervical cancer prevention: practice and policy implications for pharmacists. | to review the epidemiology and natural history of human papillomavirus (hpv), summarize relevant clinical trials of the prophylactic hpv vaccines, and describe the practice and policy implications that hpv vaccine represents for pharmacists. | 2008 | 18192123 |
| prevalence of mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses in different histologic subtypes of vulvar carcinoma. | two independent pathways of vulvar carcinogenesis have currently been identified, one related to infection with mucosal human papillomaviruses (hpvs) and a second related to chronic inflammatory or autoimmune processes. the goal of the study was to examine a possible role of cutaneous hpvs from the beta genus in vulvar carcinogenesis and to evaluate the distribution of intratypic variants of hpv 16 in hpv 16-positive vulvar cancer. consecutive cases of vulvar carcinoma were retrieved from the fi ... | 2008 | 18192968 |
| development of a photodiode array biochip using a bipolar semiconductor and its application to detection of human papilloma virus. | we describe a dna microarray system using a bipolar integrated circuit photodiode array (pda) chip as a new platform for dna analysis. the pda chip comprises an 8 x 6 array of photodiodes each with a diameter of 600 microm. each photodiode element acts both as a support for an immobilizing probe dna and as a two-dimensional photodetector. the usefulness of the pda microarray platform is demonstrated by the detection of high-risk subtypes of human papilloma virus (hpv). the polymerase chain react ... | 2008 | 18193408 |
| short-fragment pcr assay for highly sensitive broad-spectrum detection of human papillomaviruses in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and normal mucosa: clinico-pathological evaluation. | the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and genotypes of hpv infection in laryngeal cancer specimens, normal mucosa obtained from the surgical margin and laryngeal nodules using a novel high sensitive and specific spf(10) hpv dna test, pcr/deia method and inno-lipa genotyping assay. the correlation between hpv presence and clinico-pathological features was analyzed. tissue samples were collected from 93 primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (lscc), 49 specimens of normal mucosa ... | 2008 | 18193443 |
| [immunization schedule of the spanish association of pediatrics: recommendations 2008]. | the vaccine advisory committee of the spanish association of pediatrics provides information on the new developments in vaccines that have taken place in 2007, based on the available evidence, and discusses these developments. certain modifications to the immunization schedule for 2008 are recommended. a second varicella vaccine booster dose, administered together with the booster dose of the measles-mumps-rubella (mmr) vaccine when children start school (3-4 years), is recommended to avoid vacc ... | 2008 | 18194631 |
| [prevalence of genital hpv infection among women screened for cervical cancer]. | to assess the prevalence of high-risk genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection by age group and risk factors associated. | 2008 | 18200349 |
| detection of cervical human papillomavirus infection in filter paper samples: a comparative study. | | 2008 | 18201998 |
| the p53 r72p polymorphism does not influence cervical cancer development in a portuguese population: a study in exfoliated cervical cells. | the interaction between the e6 protein of the high-risk human papillomaviruses (hpvs) with p53 seems to be crucial in cervical carcinogenesis. the presence of arg/arg genotype at codon 72 of tp53 gene was characterized as a risk factor in development of cervical cancer. however, the role of this polymorphism remains controversial and some authors suggested that the origin of dna (blood or exfoliated cervical cells) might influence these results. this study analyzed the effect of the p53 codon 72 ... | 2008 | 18205229 |
| tgf-beta1 and il-4 downregulate human papillomavirus-16 oncogene expression but have differential effects on the malignant phenotype of cervical carcinoma cells. | host immune response to human papillomavirus (hpv) is a crucial factor in viral clearance and control of persistent infections. the existence of an intercellular control mechanism mediated by cytokines to suppress hpv-gene transcription and to prevent malignant conversion of hpv-infected cells, has been postulated. in a previous study, we demonstrated the inhibitory activity of several cytokines on the hpv-16 long control region (lcr)-driven transcription; among these, il-4 was reported as a lcr ... | 2008 | 18206261 |
| treatment options for the common wart. | common warts, caused by the ubiquitous human papillomavirus, are a nuisance to both patient and physician. while a multitude of treatment options exist, none are both highly effective and well-tolerated. we present the available therapeutic strategies to combat the common wart. | 2007 | 18210913 |
| human papillomavirus (hpv), dna aberrations and cell cycle progression in anal squamous cell carcinoma patients. | human papillomavirus (hpv) infections of the genital tract are sexually transmitted and prevalent worldwide. in this study, the role of hpv in 72 patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma was investigated. | 2007 | 18214063 |
| comparison of p16ink4a and hybrid capture 2 human papillomavirus testing as adjunctive tests in liquid-based gynecologic surepath preparations. | p16(ink4a), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is functionally inactivated in many tumors, including cervical cancer. we compared p16(ink4a) immunocytochemical staining and hybrid capture 2 (hcii) on surepath specimens using tissue biopsies (as the gold standard). their utility in a spectrum of atypical and preneoplastic lesions, and their ability to accurately identify underlying lesions of cin ii or greater was assessed using biopsy follow-up data. one-hundred and seventeen residual surepath s ... | 2008 | 18232003 |
| [effect of over expression of hpv18 e2 protein on apoptosis and secretion of macrophages]. | to study the effect of the over expression of gfp-e2, gfp-tad(n-extremity domain of hpv18 e2) and gfp-dbd (c-extremity domain of hpv18 e2) on the apoptosis and secretion of macrophages and to further explore the contribution of e2 gene to the uterine cervix cancer. | 2008 | 18237530 |
| regulation of human papillomavirus type 31 gene expression during the differentiation-dependent life cycle through histone modifications and transcription factor binding. | the life cycle of high-risk human papillomaviruses is linked to epithelial differentiation with virion production restricted to highly differentiated suprabasal cells. two major viral promoters direct high-risk hpv gene expression and their activities are dependent upon differentiation. the early promoter controls initiation of transcripts at sites upstream of the e6 open reading frame and is active in both undifferentiated as well as differentiated cells. the late viral promoter directs transcr ... | 2008 | 18237759 |
| human papillomavirus-related content in state and tribal comprehensive cancer control plans. | oncogenic types of the human papillomavirus (hpv) are firmly established as etiological agents for most premalignant and malignant epithelial lesions of the cervical mucosa. genital infection with hpv is the most common sexually transmitted infection (sti) in the united states. although most women infected with the virus become hpv negative within 2 years, women with persistent high-risk hpv infections are at greatest risk for developing cervical cancer. since the development of the papanicolau ... | 2008 | 18240976 |
| effects of cellular differentiation, chromosomal integration and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment on human papillomavirus-16 dna methylation in cultured cell lines. | human papillomavirus-16 (hpv-16) genomes in cell culture and in situ are affected by polymorphic methylation patterns, which can repress the viral transcription. in order to understand some of the underlying mechanisms, we investigated changes of the methylation of hpv-16 dna in cell cultures in response to cellular differentiation, to recombination with cellular dna, and to an inhibitor of methylation. undifferentiated w12e cells, derived from a precancerous lesion, contained extrachromosomal h ... | 2008 | 18242658 |
| evaluation of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method and hybrid capture ii (hcii) assay for the detection of human papillomavirus in cervical scrapings. | in order to investigate the reliability of detecting hpv dna in cervical smears, we compared the performance of nested my/gp pcr and fda approved-hybrid capture ii (hcii) using clinical cervical scrapings from 40 patients. it was found that pcr was more sensitive (81.8%) in comparison to hcii (36.4%) in detecting hpv although specificity of hcii was much higher (96.6%) than pcr (58.6%). the negative predictive value (npv) of both the techniques were quite similar but positive predictive value (p ... | 2007 | 18246908 |
| screening with a primary human papillomavirus test does not increase detection of cervical cancer and intraepithelial neoplasia 3. | to determine cross-sectional validity of primary human papillomavirus (hpv) screening in comparison to cytological screening. | 2008 | 18248809 |
| anomalous features of emt during keratinocyte transformation. | during the evolution of epithelial cancers, cells often lose their characteristic features and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype, in a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt). in the present study we followed early stages of keratinocyte transformation by hpv16, and observed diverse cellular changes, associated with emt. we compared primary keratinocytes with early and late passages of hf1 cells, a cell line of hpv16-transformed keratinocytes. we have previously shown that during ... | 2008 | 18253510 |
| pcr detection rates of high risk human papillomavirus dna in paired self-collected urine and cervical scrapes after laser co2 conization for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. | to compare the pcr detection rates of high risk human papillomavirus dna in self-collected urine and cervical scrapes during follow-up of patients treated for hg-cin by laser co2 conization. | 2008 | 18255129 |
| hada3 degradation by papillomavirus type 16 e6 correlates with abrogation of the p14arf-p53 pathway and efficient immortalization of human mammary epithelial cells. | two activities of human papillomavirus type 16 e6 (hpv16 e6) are proposed to contribute to the efficient immortalization of human epithelial cells: the degradation of p53 protein and the induction of telomerase. however, the requirement for p53 inactivation has been debated. another e6 target is the hada3 protein, a p53 coactivator and a component of histone acetyltransferase complexes. we have previously described the role of hada3 and p53 acetylation in p14arf-induced human mammary epithelial ... | 2008 | 18256148 |
| human papillomavirus dna versus papanicolaou screening tests for cervical cancer. | | 2008 | 18256402 |
| dna-vaccination via tattooing induces stronger humoral and cellular immune responses than intramuscular delivery supported by molecular adjuvants. | tattooing is one of a number of dna delivery methods which results in an efficient expression of an introduced gene in the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin. the tattoo procedure causes many minor mechanical injuries followed by hemorrhage, necrosis, inflammation and regeneration of the skin and thus non-specifically stimulates the immune system. dna vaccines delivered by tattooing have been shown to induce higher specific humoral and cellular immune responses than intramuscularly injected ... | 2008 | 18257910 |
| p53 codon 72 polymorphism associated with risk of human papillomavirus-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx in never-smokers. | the tumor suppressor p53 protein can be bound, degraded and inactivated by the human papillomavirus (hpv) e6 oncoprotein. the p53 protein's susceptibility to this oncoprotein may be influenced by the p53 codon 72 polymorphism, but the role of such a polymorphism in the development of hpv16-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (sccop) has not been established. to investigate the role of the p53 codon 72 polymorphism in the risk of hpv16-associated sccop, we conducted a hospital-ba ... | 2008 | 18258602 |
| human papilloma virus vaccines and their role in cancer prevention. | the introduction of the human papilloma virus (hpv) vaccine is the single most important advance in the prevention of cervical cancer since the introduction of cervical cytology half a century ago. vaccination should ideally occur prior to a female's first sexual experience. this article suggests that the hpv vaccine should be publicly funded in new zealand. | 2007 | 18264198 |
| human papillomavirus dna versus papanicolaou screening tests for cervical cancer. | | 2008 | 18265440 |
| induction of cytotoxic t-lymphocytes and antitumor activity by a liposomal lipopeptide vaccine. | we have previously described a simple yet effective liposome-based therapeutic vaccine, dotap/e7, which contains only two molecules, the cationic lipid dotap and a peptide antigen derived from the e7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16. in the current report, we have improved the vaccine formulation by incorporation of e7-lipopeptide instead of the water-soluble native e7 peptide into the dotap liposome. the lipopeptide consists of an n-terminal alpha- or -palmitoyl lysine connecte ... | 2008 | 18266319 |
| epidermodysplasia verruciformis with severe hand and foot deformity successfully treated with surgical excision. | epidermodysplasia verruciformis is a rare skin disease due to human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. we report here a male patient of 39 years with severe giant lesion of hands and feet leading to disability for 20 years. the function of the hands was almost lost. we treated the case with the shaving technique and a satisfactory result without recrudescence in the following two years. no apparent scarring resulted. | 2008 | 18267314 |
| improved survival of patients with human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in a prospective clinical trial. | the improved prognosis for patients with human papillomavirus (hpv)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) relative to hpv-negative hnscc observed in retrospective analyses remains to be confirmed in a prospective clinical trial. | 2008 | 18270337 |
| a novel therapeutic fusion protein vaccine by two different families of heat shock proteins linked with hpv16 e7 generates potent antitumor immunity and antiangiogenesis. | human papillomaviruses (hpv), particularly hpv16, is considered a necessary cause of cervical and oral cancer. thus, the development of a therapeutic vaccine against hpv is important for the control of cervical cancer. however, therapeutic vaccination has been limited by inadequate antigen-specific immune responses. heat shock proteins (hsp), including calreticulin (crt), hsp70 and gp96, have been shown to act as potent immunoadjuvant to enhance antigen-specific tumor immunity. previous studies ... | 2008 | 18272260 |
| imiquimod leads to a decrease of human papillomavirus dna and to a sustained clearance of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in hiv-infected men. | anal intraepithelial neoplasia (ain), a human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated precursor lesion of anal carcinoma, is highly prevalent in hiv-infected men having sex with men (msm). this prospective follow-up study evaluated the long-term results of imiquimod treatment of ain in 19 hiv-infected msm. standardized follow-up examinations included high-resolution anoscopy, anal cytology/histology, hpv typing, and dna load determination for hpv types 16, 18, 31, and 33. mean follow-up time was 30.3 mo ... | 2008 | 18273049 |
| role of il-2 secreted by padre-specific cd4+ t cells in enhancing e7-specific cd8+ t-cell immune responses. | cd4(+) t helper cells are known to play an integral role in the generation of cd8(+) t-cell immune responses. we have previously shown that co-administration of dna vaccines containing e6 or e7 protein of human papillomavirus 16 (hpv-16) combined with dna encoding invariant (ii) chain in which class ii-associated ii peptide (clip) region is replaced with the cd4(+) t helper epitope, padre (pan-dr-epitope) (ii-padre dna) enhanced hpv antigen-specific cd8(+) t-cell immune responses in vaccinated m ... | 2008 | 18273057 |
| age at menarche is not an independent risk factor for high-risk human papillomavirus infections and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. | data are controversial as to the role of menarche age as a risk factor of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) infections. the objective of this study was to analyse the risk estimates for age at menarche as determinant of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and hr-hpv infections. a cohort of 3187 women were stratified into three groups according to their age at menarche: (i) women <13 years of age; (ii) those between 13 and 14 years and (iii) women >15 years of age. these groups were an ... | 2008 | 18275641 |
| new viral vaccines for dermatologic disease. | two new viral vaccines have recently been approved by the food and drug administration. human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine is intended to reduce infection with the most common hpv types that cause anogenital disease, including cervical cancer and genital warts. herpes zoster (hz) vaccine is intended to prevent shingles and its complications. the use of these two vaccines will immediately begin to impact dermatologic practice throughout the world and will reduce the healthcare burden associated w ... | 2008 | 18280332 |
| human papillomavirus vaccination: expected impacts and unresolved issues. | | 2008 | 18280831 |
| the effect of proteasome inhibition on p53 degradation and proliferation in tonsil epithelial cells. | to determine whether proteasome inhibition could reverse e6-mediated p53 degradation, cause selective growth inhibition, and induce apoptosis in human papillomavirus e6-transformed primary tonsil epithelial cells. | 2008 | 18283158 |