| intussusception in a child with respiratory syncytial virus: a new association. | intussusception is known to be associated with childhood viral illnesses. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported in association with intussusception. we report a case of a 4-month-old boy admitted with rsv bronchiolitis, who subsequently developed an intussusception during the hospital course, necessitating laparotomy and resection. | 2006 | 16739938 |
| modelling the unidentified mortality burden from thirteen infectious pathogenic microorganisms in infants. | official statistics routinely underestimate mortality from specific microorganisms and deaths are assigned to non-specific syndromes. here we estimate mortality attributed to specific pathogens by modelling non-specific infant deaths from laboratory reports and codes on death certificates for these pathogens, 1993-2000 in england and wales using a generalized linear model. in total, 22.4-59.8% of non-specific deaths in infants (25-66 deaths a year) are attributable to specific pathogens. yearly ... | 2007 | 16740187 |
| timing of monoclonal antibody for seasonal rsv prophylaxis in the united kingdom. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection produces more severe disease and increased hospitalization rates in high-risk babies. the monoclonal antibody palivizumab offers protection against complications, and the first of five monthly doses should be administered before the onset of community rsv activity. however, the required real-time prediction of this onset is problematic. we attempted to identify seasonal rsv patterns by retrospectively examining 10 years of laboratory reports for rsv an ... | 2007 | 16753078 |
| diagnostic utility of binax now rsv--an evaluation of the diagnostic performance of binax now rsv in comparison with cell culture and direct immunofluorescence. | the regular increase in the incidence of respiratory illness caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during winter months in the united kingdom, and other countries with temperate climate is usually accompanied by increased bed pressures especially in paediatric units in these countries. as a result, there is usually an increase in the demand for infection control services during these months. this makes obvious the need for making a rapid diagnosis of the infection during these months. bina ... | 2006 | 16756663 |
| unravelling the complexities of respiratory syncytial virus rna synthesis. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of paediatric respiratory disease and is the focus of antiviral- and vaccine-development programmes. these goals have been aided by an understanding of the virus genome architecture and the mechanisms by which it is expressed and replicated. rsv is a member of the order mononegavirales and, as such, has a genome consisting of a single strand of negative-sense rna. at first glance, transcription and genome replication appear straightfor ... | 2006 | 16760383 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection reduces beta2-adrenergic responses in human airway smooth muscle. | although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants, the effect of rsv on human airway smooth muscle (hasm) has not been studied. we hypothesized that rsv has direct effects on camp formation and beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (adrb2) density and that adrb2 haplotype influences this response. a recombinant green-fluorescent protein (rg) expressing rsv was used to determine whether rsv could infect cultured hasm. influence of rsv infectio ... | 2006 | 16763224 |
| analysis of tlr4 polymorphic variants: new insights into tlr4/md-2/cd14 stoichiometry, structure, and signaling. | tlr4 is the signal-transducing receptor for structurally diverse microbial molecules such as bacterial lps, respiratory syncytial virus fusion (f) protein, and chlamydial heat shock protein 60. previous studies associated two polymorphic mutations in the extracellular domain of tlr4 (asp(299)gly and thr(399)ile) with decreased lps responsiveness. to analyze the molecular basis for diminished responsiveness, site-specific mutations (singly or coexpressed) were introduced into untagged and epitope ... | 2006 | 16785528 |
| [diagnostics of viral respiratory infections in hospitalized patients and ambulatory patients from sentinel program during 2004/05 season in poland]. | the aim of the study was to evaluate an impact of respiratory infections on the study population, type/subtype of influenza viruses circulating during 2004/05 season within the groups of hospitalised (n=35) and ambulatory patients (n=420) and to determine antigenic affinity of isolated viral strains. laboratory diagnostics of influenza a and b type, rsv, adenovirus and parainfluenzavirus (type 1, 2 and 3) was performed using direct immunofluorescence test (difa), virus isolation on mdck cell lin ... | 2005 | 16789521 |
| effects of alveolar macrophage depletion on liposomal vaccine protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | little is known about the identities and roles of antigen-presenting cells upon exposure to antigens of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). here, we focused on elucidating the importance of alveolar macrophages in conferring protective immunity in mice administered a liposome-encapsulated recombinant fragment of the rsv g protein. mice were depleted of alveolar macrophages by intranasal inoculation of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylenediphosphonic acid (dmdp). mice depleted of alveolar macro ... | 2006 | 16792685 |
| properties of human igg1s engineered for enhanced binding to the neonatal fc receptor (fcrn). | we describe here the functional implications of an increase in igg binding to the neonatal fc receptor. we have defined in a systematic fashion the relationship between enhanced fcrn binding of a humanized anti-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) monoclonal antibody (medi-524) and the corresponding biological consequences in cynomolgus monkeys. the triple mutation m252y/s254t/t256e (yte) was introduced into the fc portion of medi-524. whereas these substitutions did not affect the ability of medi- ... | 2006 | 16793771 |
| allergy skin test responses during experimental infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | allergy skin testing is one of the most frequently performed physician office procedures. many factors can affect the results of those tests, including the well-defined suppressive effect of systemic antihistamines. false-positive allergen skin test results are known to occur; however, contributing factors are not well understood. | 2006 | 16802771 |
| assessment of cmv, rsv and syn1 promoters and the woodchuck post-transcriptional regulatory element in adenovirus vectors for transgene expression in cortical neuronal cultures. | in order to investigate protein function in rat primary cortical neuronal cultures, we modified an adenoviral vector expression system and assessed the strength and specificity of the cytomegalovirus (cmv), rous sarcoma virus (rsv), and rat and human synapsin 1 (syn1) promoters to drive dsred-x expression. we also incorporated the woodchuck post-transcriptional regulatory element (wpre) and a cmv promoter-enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) reporter cassette. we observed that the rsv promo ... | 2006 | 16806110 |
| ikkepsilon regulates viral-induced interferon regulatory factor-3 activation via a redox-sensitive pathway. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced chemokine gene expression occurs through the activation of a subset of transcription factors, including interferon regulatory factor (irf)-3. in this study, we have investigated the signaling pathway leading to rsv-induced irf-3 activation and whether it is mediated by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ros) generation. our results show that rsv infection induces expression and catalytic activity of ikkepsilon, a noncanonical ikk-like kinase. express ... | 2006 | 16806387 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections: recent prospects for control. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections remain a significant public health problem throughout the world, although recently developed and clinically approved anti-rsv antibodies administered prophylactically to at-risk populations appear to have significantly affected the disease development. much effort has been expended to develop effective anti-rsv therapies, using both in vitro assay systems and mouse, cotton rat, and primate models, with several products now in various stages of clinica ... | 2006 | 16806515 |
| cellular immunity and lung injury in respiratory virus infection. | respiratory virus infection may result in considerable lung injury, and host immune responses may be an important contributor to this. important factors that determine the magnitude of immunopathologic tissue damage include the degree of distal distribution of infection into alveolar cells, the overall viral load, the magnitude of the t-cell responses, the effector mechanisms employed by the t cells, and regulatory mechanisms which may come into play. cd8+ t cells are important contributors to v ... | 2006 | 16817757 |
| differential expression of ovine innate immune genes by preterm and neonatal lung epithelia infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | preterm infants have increased susceptibility to severe manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the cause(s) for this age-dependent vulnerability is/are not well-defined, but alterations in innate immune products have been implicated. in sheep, rsv disease severity has similar age-dependent characteristics and sheep have several related innate molecules for study during pulmonary infection including surfactant protein a (sp-a), surfactant protein d (sp-d), sheep beta defen ... | 2006 | 16817774 |
| respiratory syncytial virus disease mechanisms implicated by human, animal model, and in vitro data facilitate vaccine strategies and new therapeutics. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis, pneumonia, mechanical ventilation, and respiratory failure in infants in the us. no effective post-infection treatments are widely available, and currently there is no vaccine. rsv disease is the result of virus-induced airway damage and complex inflammatory processes. the outcome of infection depends on host and viral genetics. here, we review disease mechanisms in primary rsv infection that are implicated by clinical stud ... | 2006 | 16820210 |
| comparison of real-time pcr assays with fluorescent-antibody assays for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in children. | conventional fluorescent-antibody (fa) methods were compared to real-time pcr assays for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus type a (flua), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 (piv1, piv2, and piv3), human metapneumovirus (mpv), and adenovirus (adv) in 1,138 specimens from children with respiratory illnesses collected over a 1-year period. at least one virus was detected in 436 (38.3%) specimens by fa and in 608 (53.4%) specimens by pcr (p<0.001). specimen quality w ... | 2006 | 16825353 |
| bordetella pertussis and mixed infections. | in pertussis-like respiratory infections, once pertussis has been laboratory confirmed, other potential causative pathogens will seldom be looked for. probably most mixed infections are found accidentally and since these mixed infections might cause a more severe disease we performed a retrospective study of their incidence. | 2006 | 16835573 |
| [combined effects of neonatal bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination and respiratory syncytial infection on experimental asthma in mice]. | neonatal bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccination could decrease asthma prevalence in human according to "hygiene hypothesis". the authors proposed a hypothesis that effect of bcg vaccination on inhibiting asthma in human might be reversed by respiratory virus infection. the objective of this study was to observe combined effects of neonatal bcg vaccination and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on experimental asthma in mice. | 2006 | 16836848 |
| [detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children by using real-time polymerase chain reaction]. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the leading cause of acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children worldwide. pediatric rsv disease claims more than 1 million lives annually. with the rapid development of specific anti-rsv agents and the spread of respiratory infections, rsv detection techniques with higher sensitivity, specificity and quicker performance are badly needed. this study was designed to develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr ... | 2006 | 16836858 |
| induction of early murine cytomegalovirus infection by different reporter gene-associated recombinant viruses. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) has provided useful models for acute, chronic and latent cmv infection because of its similarities in structure and biology with human cmv. we report the induction of acute mcmv hepatitis with different bacterial artificial chromosome (bac)-cloned virus constructs [mcmv-seap which includes the gene for secreted alkaline phosphatase (seap) under rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-promoter control, mcmv-gfp which includes the gene for enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) u ... | 2006 | 16842438 |
| suppression of ifn-gamma production in atopic group at the acute phase of rsv infection. | several studies have suggested that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis induced the change of cytokine production profile in childhood. we sought to determine whether the rsv-induced cytokine production was affected by the patient's atopic background. we quantified interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and interleukin (il)-4 in the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) cultured for 24 h and in the presence of phytohemaglutinin (pha), il-12, or il-18, from 14 infants who we ... | 2006 | 16846456 |
| age and sex as factors of response to rsv infections among those with previous history of wheezing. | although enhanced immune reaction caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in allergen-sensitized animal model has been reported, rsv illnesses in children already sensitized or having recurrent wheezing episodes have not been completely studied. in addition, the reason for male dominances in rsv infection at young ages was also inconclusive. therefore, gender analysis in recurrent wheezing children with rsv infection can shed light on asthma pathogenesis. we studied the clinical features ... | 2006 | 16846457 |
| prevalence and clinical characteristics of human metapneumovirus infections in hospitalized infants in spain. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a condition recently described in the netherlands, causes lower respiratory infections, particularly in young children and among the elderly. the objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of hmpv infections in hospitalized infants <2 years of age and to compare them to those of infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). a prospective study was conducted on the clinical characteristics of infants admitted to hospital for respiratory inf ... | 2006 | 16850437 |
| absence of human metapneumovirus co-infection in cases of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | it has been suggested that co-infection of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in severe respiratory syncytial (rsv) virus bronchiolitis is very common. to evaluate the epidemiology of hmpv co-infection in children with severe lower respiratory tract infection caused by rsv virus. this was an observational cohort study in which hmpv and rsv viral load was measured by rt-pcr in tracheal specimens from the target population. hmpv could not be detected in any of the 30 mechanically ventilated children wit ... | 2006 | 16850438 |
| a 4-year survey on palivizumab respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-prophylaxis: how can compliance be improved? | to identify compliance-influencing factors and to suggest strategies for overcoming barriers in a preventive medicine program. | 2006 | 16854695 |
| viral etiology of pneumonia in a cohort of newborns till 24 months of age in rural mirzapur, bangladesh. | limited information is available on the etiology of acute lower respiratory infection (alri) particularly pneumonia in the rural community of developing countries since most etiological studies are carried out in the hospital settings. this study examined the etiology of pneumonia among young children in a rural community of bangladesh. a cohort of 252 newborns was followed till 24 months of age during 1993-1996. community health workers (chws) identified cases of alri during household surveilla ... | 2006 | 16857616 |
| extrapulmonary manifestations of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection--a systematic review. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is the most important cause for admission to the paediatric intensive care unit in infants with lower respiratory tract infection. in recent years the importance of extrapulmonary manifestations of rsv infection has become evident. this systematic review aimed at summarizing the available evidence on manifestations of rsv infection outside the respiratory tract, their causes and the changes in clinical management required. | 2006 | 16859512 |
| a potential molecular mechanism for hypersensitivity caused by formalin-inactivated vaccines. | heat, oxidation and exposure to aldehydes create reactive carbonyl groups on proteins, targeting antigens to scavenger receptors. formaldehyde is widely used in making vaccines, but has been associated with atypical enhanced disease during subsequent infection with paramyxoviruses. we show that carbonyl groups on formaldehyde-treated vaccine antigens boost t helper type 2 (t(h)2) responses and enhance respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in mice, an effect partially reversible by chemical r ... | 2006 | 16862151 |
| respiratory viruses in children younger than five years old with acute respiratory disease from 2001 to 2004 in uberlândia, mg, brazil. | the main viruses involved in acute respiratory diseases among children are: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenzavirus (flu), parainfluenzavirus (piv), adenovirus (adv), human rhinovirus (hrv), and the human metapneumovirus (hmpv). the purpose of the present study was to identify respiratory viruses that affected children younger than five years old in uberlândia, midwestern brazil. nasopharyngeal aspirates from 379 children attended at hospital de clínicas (hc/ufu), from 2001 to 2004, wi ... | 2006 | 16862327 |
| evaluation of respiratory syncytial virus detection by rapid antigen tests in childhood. | rapid and reliable diagnosis is crucial for clinical management of respiratory syncytial virus infection in childhood. we assessed the performance characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus antigen immunoassays in children hospitalized for respiratory infection. | 2007 | 16865653 |
| isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies which neutralize human metapneumovirus in vitro and in vivo. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently described member of the paramyxoviridae family/pneumovirinae subfamily and shares many common features with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), another member of the same subfamily. hmpv causes respiratory tract illnesses that, similar to human rsv, occur predominantly during the winter months and have symptoms that range from mild to severe cough, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. like rsv, the hmpv virus can be subdivided into two genetic subgroups, a and ... | 2006 | 16873237 |
| role of ccl5 (rantes) in viral lung disease. | ccl5/rantes is a key proinflammatory chemokine produced by virus-infected epithelial cells and present in respiratory secretions of asthmatics. to examine the role of ccl5 in viral lung disease, we measured its production during primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and during secondary infection after sensitizing vaccination that induces th2-mediated eosinophilia. a first peak of ccl5 mrna and protein production was seen at 18 to 24 h of rsv infection, before significant lymphocyt ... | 2006 | 16873271 |
| role of respiratory viruses in acute upper and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life: a birth cohort study. | although acute respiratory illnesses (ari) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in early childhood worldwide, little progress has been made in their control and prophylaxis. most studies have focused on hospitalized children or children from closed populations. it is essential that the viral etiology of these clinical diseases be accurately defined in the development of antiviral drugs. | 2006 | 16874165 |
| outbreak of burkholderia cepacia bacteremia in immunocompetent children caused by contaminated nebulized sulbutamol in saudi arabia. | an outbreak of 5 inpatient and otherwise healthy children admitted for respiratory problems developed dry fever and cough after a few days of hospitalization. burkhuldaria cepacia was isolated from their blood culture. the infection control department (icd) in the king fahad medical city (kfmc) detected and investigated the outbreak to identify the source of the organism and mode of transmission. | 2006 | 16877110 |
| serodiagnosis of acute respiratory infections in children in georgia. | to investigate the etiology of acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children. | 2006 | 16877849 |
| the prevalence of penicillin-non-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae among children aged < 5 years correlates with the biannual epidemic activity of respiratory syncytial virus. | this study investigated whether the epidemiology of penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococci (pnsp) colonising small children correlated with the biannual epidemic activity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). colonisation rates and the prevalence of pnsp among paediatric outpatients aged < 5 years was analysed between january 1998 and september 2003 using an established national surveillance network. resistance trends were investigated using time-series analysis to assess the correlation with th ... | 2006 | 16882292 |
| the association of newly identified respiratory viruses with lower respiratory tract infections in korean children, 2000-2005. | this study was performed to evaluate the associations of newly recognized viruses, namely, human metapneumovirus (hmpv), human coronavirus (hcov)-nl63, and human bocavirus (hbov) with lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in previously healthy children. | 2006 | 16886150 |
| local cd11c+ mhc class ii- precursors generate lung dendritic cells during respiratory viral infection, but are depleted in the process. | increases in numbers of lung dendritic cells (dc) observed during respiratory viral infections are assumed to be due to recruitment from bone marrow precursors. no local production has been demonstrated. in this study, we isolated defined populations of murine lung cells based on cd11c and mhc class ii (mhc ii) expression. after culture for 12 days with gm-csf, we analyzed cell numbers, dc surface markers, and ag-presenting capacity. only cd11c+ mhc ii- cells from naive mice proliferated, yieldi ... | 2006 | 16888015 |
| role of metapneumovirus in viral respiratory infections in young children. | the contribution of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) relative to that of other respiratory viruses as a cause of respiratory infections in children less than 1 year old has been evaluated. from october 2003 to april 2004, nasopharyngeal samples from 211 children less than 1 year old were analyzed to detect respiratory viruses. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was the predominant virus isolated (96 children [45.5%]), followed by influenza a virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, an ... | 2006 | 16891486 |
| effects of anti-inflammatory therapies on recurrent and low-grade respiratory syncytial virus infections in a murine model of asthma. | recurrent and subclinical viral respiratory tract infections could immunologically exacerbate allergic airway inflammation. however, the most appropriate treatment for virus-induced asthma exacerbation is yet to be established. the effects of glucocorticoids in virus-induced acute asthma are controversial. | 2006 | 16892782 |
| genetic polymorphisms of adhesion molecules in children with severe rsv-associated diseases. | adhesion molecules are involved in the pathophysiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated diseases. by testing polymorphisms within icam-1, vcam-1 and e-selectin, we found no evidence for association of any polymorphism with severe rsv infections. thus, we conclude that these genes do not predispose to severe rsv-associated diseases. | 2006 | 16893383 |
| exposure of neonates to respiratory syncytial virus is critical in determining subsequent airway response in adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of acute bronchiolitis in infants and the elderly. furthermore, epidemiological data suggest that rsv infection during infancy is a potent trigger of subsequent wheeze and asthma development. however, the mechanism by which rsv contributes to asthma is complex and remains largely unknown. a recent study indicates that the age of initial rsv infection is a key factor in determining airway response to rsv rechallenge. we hypothesized that ... | 2006 | 16893457 |
| surveillance recommendations based on an exploratory analysis of respiratory syncytial virus reports derived from the european influenza surveillance system. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important pathogen that can cause severe illness in infants and young children. in this study, we assessed whether data on rsv collected by the european influenza surveillance scheme (eiss) could be used to build an rsv surveillance system in europe. | 2006 | 16899110 |
| sharing features of uncommon respiratory syncytial virus complications in infants. | we describe 4 nonconsecutive cases of infants admitted to catholic university pediatric intensive care unit (picu) because of complicated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection during winter rsv outbreaks from the year 2000 to the year 2003. a hyponatremic epileptic status (as in the first case) has been reported by several authors as a rare rsv complication, potentially leading to death. the second infant developed a serious pulmonary edema after a subglottic obstruction (croup) associated ... | 2006 | 16912626 |
| distinct patterns of evolution between respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b from new zealand isolates collected over thirty-seven years. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children worldwide. in new zealand, infants with rsv disease are hospitalized at a higher rate than other industrialized countries, without a proportionate increase in known risk factors. the molecular epidemiology of rsv in new zealand has never been described. therefore, we analyzed viral attachment glycoprotein (g) gene sequences from 106 rsv subgroup a isolates collected i ... | 2006 | 16927286 |
| epidemiologic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors associated with severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection in previously healthy infants. | we prospectively quantified disease severity associated with epidemiologic and socioeconomic parameters as well as the clinical factors in 195 previously healthy infants with confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. infants were enrolled into three subgroups according to disease severity: outpatients (82 patients), inpatients (100 patients), and intensive care unit patients (13 patients). epidemiologic parameters such as gestational age, birth weight, chronologic age at presentatio ... | 2006 | 16928839 |
| think outside the box: extrapulmonary manifestations of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | extrapulmonary effects of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection are not uncommon. dr eisenhut's systematic review of extrapulmonary manifestations of severe rsv infection clearly demonstrates clinical consequences peripheral to the lung parenchyma. the extrapulmonary impact of rsv infection raises questions as to whether these are direct rsv effects (i.e., rsv infection of site-specific tissue), secondary to parenchymal lung disease and its causative respiratory failure, or the resu ... | 2006 | 16934132 |
| differential immune responses and pulmonary pathophysiology are induced by two different strains of respiratory syncytial virus. | in this study we performed comparisons of pulmonary responses between two different respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigenic subgroup a strains, a2 and line 19. line 19 strain induced significant dose-responsive airway hyperreactivity (ahr) in balb/c mice at days 6 and 9 after infection, whereas the a2 strain induced no ahr at any dose. histological examination indicated that a2 induced no goblet cell hyper/metaplasia, whereas the line 19 induced goblet cell expansion and significant increase ... | 2006 | 16936271 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: disease, development and treatment. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is spread by droplets and causes infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract. it is most common in infants, children under the age of five years and the elderly. due to the nature of the transmission, infections with rsv are contagious but usually short lived. pharmacological treatment involves the use of antiviral medication. nurses caring for older people, infants or young children should be aware of the risk of transmission of rsv, pathogenesis and tr ... | 2006 | 16936612 |
| relationship between ige and specific aeroallergen sensitivity in alaskan native children. | the relationship between atopic disease and serum ige levels varies among populations and geographic regions. the close association of atopy with ige may not occur in subarctic populations as it does in developed countries in temperate climates. | 2006 | 16937753 |
| hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus among california infants: disparities related to race, insurance, and geography. | to evaluate population-based rates of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated infant hospitalizations related to race/ethnicity, payer source, and geography in california. | 2006 | 16939750 |
| hospitalization attributable to influenza and other viral respiratory illnesses in canadian children. | we sought to estimate the incidence of hospitalization attributable to influenza virus infection in canadian children while controlling for the impact of other respiratory viruses. | 2006 | 16940836 |
| novel mutations in the respiratory syncytial virus g gene identified in viral isolates from a girl with severe combined immune deficiency treated with intravenous immune globulin. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause prolonged infections in individuals with compromised immunity. | 2006 | 16949862 |
| isolation of respiratory syncytial virus from nasopharyngeal aspirates stored at 20 degrees c from one to fifteen months after collection. | cell culture isolation is used for recovering respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from respiratory specimens. as rsv is a thermolabile virus, specimens destined for inoculation into cell culture require special transport, handling, and storage. the isolation rate of rsv from nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) stored at 20 20 degrees c for one to 15 months after collection was investigated. a total of 126 samples considered positive for rsv by indirect fluorescence-antibody were tested by virus isolati ... | 2006 | 16951818 |
| interactions between respiratory syncytial virus and the host cell: opportunities for antivirus strategies? | at the start of the 21st century, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a serious global health concern. although rsv has traditionally been acknowledged as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the paediatric population, the elderly and people with suppressed immune systems are now also recognised as being at risk from serious rsv infection. this problem is currently exacerbated by the lack of an effective vaccine to prevent rsv infection. although the virus proteins play a variety ... | 2006 | 16953942 |
| genetic variability in the g protein gene of group a and b respiratory syncytial viruses from india. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most commonly identified viral agent of acute respiratory tract infection (ari) of young children and causes repeat infections throughout life. limited data are available on the molecular epidemiology of rsv from developing countries, including india. this study reports on the genetic variability in the glycoprotein g gene among rsv isolates from india. reverse transcription-pcr for a region of the rsv g protein gene was done with nasopharyngeal aspirates ... | 2006 | 16954227 |
| [role of rhinovirus in respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children]. | rhinovirus is a recognized cause of common cold and has been shown to cause asthma exacerbations in adults and children. the burden of rhinovirus infections in hospitalized children has not been described in spain. | 2006 | 16956498 |
| characterization of human metapneumovirus infection of myeloid dendritic cells. | recent in vivo studies suggest that hmpv is a poor inducer of inflammatory cytokines and that clinical symptoms may not be related to immune-mediated pathogenesis as it has been proposed for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza 3 (hpf3). dendritic cells (dcs) are specialized antigen presenting cells, and very effective at inducing specific ctls after encountering invading viruses. interactions of hmpv with dcs have not been characterized. we hypothesized that the relatively ... | 2007 | 16959282 |
| anti-neoplastic effect of chicken anemia virus vp3 protein (apoptin) in rous sarcoma virus-induced tumours in chicken. | the anti-neoplastic effect of chicken anemia virus vp3 protein (apoptin) was investigated in vitro in rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-transformed chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cells and in rsv-induced tumours of specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicks in vivo. the apoptin gene was cloned in the pvax expression vector and in vitro expression of the recombinant vector pvax-cav-vp3 was confirmed. two groups of spf chicks, each containing ten chicks, were used. chicks in groups i and ii were inoculated with ... | 2006 | 16963752 |
| acute otitis media and respiratory viruses. | the present study was performed to elucidate the clinical outcome, and etiology of acute otitis media (aom) in children based on virologic and bacteriologic tests. the study group consisted of 120 children aged 6 to 144 months with aom. middle ear fluid (mef) was tested for viral pathogens by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and for bacteria by gram-staining and culture. clinical response was assessed on day 2 to 4, 11 to 13, 26 to 28. respiratory viruses were isolated in ... | 2007 | 16967296 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) evades the human adaptive immune system by skewing the th1/th2 cytokine balance toward increased levels of th2 cytokines and ige, markers of allergy--a review. | infection of infants in their first year of life, children and elderly people with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) endangers the life of the patient. an attempt to develop a formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) vaccine during the 1960s resulted in an aggravated infection in immunized children, leading to hospitalization, while infection of non-immunized children produced much milder symptoms. the reason for this remained an enigma, one which was gradually solved over the last decade by many r ... | 2006 | 16972040 |
| respiratory syncytial virus(rsv)-induced allergy may be controlled by il-4 and cx3c fractalkine antagonists and cpg odn as adjuvant: hypothesis and implications for treatment. | based on the hypothesis that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) sg protein causes allergy in patients, it is suggested that treatment of rsv patients with antagonists of il-4 and fkn early in infection will prevent the increased level of il-4 in the serum. together with cpg odns that induce toll-like receptor 9(+) (tlr9(+)) plasmacytoid dendritic cells to release type i ifn-alpha and -beta will reactivate the inhibited th1 cells and the antiviral cytotoxic t leukocytes. in addition, binding of cp ... | 2006 | 16972041 |
| respiratory syncytial virus inhibits interferon-alpha-inducible signaling in macrophage-like u937 cells. | monocytes become susceptible to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection when pretreated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). the molecular mechanism underlying this observation is poorly understood, but may be related to inhibition of type i interferon (ifn) signaling by rsv in epithelial cells. herein, we have investigated the putative role of suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) in the ifn-inducible antiviral response in u937 cells. upon rsv infection of macrophage-like u937 cell ... | 2007 | 16978698 |
| [non-invasive ventilation in infants with severe infection presumably due to respiratory syncytial virus: feasibility and failure criteria]. | beneficial effect of continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) during non invasive ventilation (niv) has been reported in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, but no study has analyzed the predictors of its failure. | 2006 | 16978849 |
| genetic analysis of resistance to soybean mosaic virus in j05 soybean. | soybean cultivar j05 was identified to be resistant to the most virulent strain of soybean mosaic virus (smv) in northeastern china. however, the reaction of j05 to smv strains in the united states of america is unknown, and genetic information is needed to utilize this germplasm in a breeding program. the objectives of this study were to determine the reaction of j05 to all us strains of smv (g1-g7), the inheritance of smv resistance in j05, and the allelic relationship of resistance genes in j ... | 2006 | 16990409 |
| serum antibody decay in adults following natural respiratory syncytial virus infection. | serum antibody decay following rsv infection in adults was examined to evaluate the durability of the immune response. twenty subjects with rsv infection and 10 subjects who remained rsv uninfected had blood samples obtained over 16-25 months analyzed by microneutralization assay and enzyme immunoassay. the mean titers of infected subjects rose approximately eightfold post-infection. the mean rate of antibody decline was -0.20 log 2 titer per month which led to a > or =fourfold drop in titer in ... | 2006 | 16998887 |
| comparison of multiplex pcr assays and conventional techniques for the diagnostic of respiratory virus infections in children admitted to hospital with an acute respiratory illness. | the performances of four multiplex pcr (m-pcr) were compared to direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) and huh7 cell culture for the detection of viruses in 263 children admitted to hospital with an acute respiratory illness. one hundred fifty (57.6%) nasal aspirates were found dfa-positive; 188 (72.3%) were found positive by both dfa and huh7 cell culture, and 242 (92%) were pcr-positive. the m-pcr detected 124 viruses which were not found by conventional methods: 68 rhinovirus, 17 human metapne ... | 2006 | 16998894 |
| detection of human coronavirus nl63, human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in children with respiratory tract infections in south-west sweden. | two recently detected viruses, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and coronavirus nl63 (hcov-nl63), have been associated with acute respiratory tract infections, particularly in young children. this study investigated the frequency of hmpv and hcov-nl63 infections in swedish children by screening 221 nasopharyngeal aspirates, collected between november 2003 and may 2005, from 212 children attending the paediatric department of a county hospital in sweden or submitted from local general practitioners. ... | 2006 | 17002608 |
| immunopathology of rsv infection: prospects for developing vaccines without this complication. | respiratory syncytial virus is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. rsv clinical disease varies from rhinitis and otitis media to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. an increased incidence of asthma later in life has been associated with the more severe lower respiratory tract infections. despite its importance as a pathogen, there is no licensed vaccine against rsv. this is due to a number of factors complicating the development of an effective a ... | 2007 | 17004293 |
| respiratory syncytial virus f envelope protein associates with lipid rafts without a requirement for other virus proteins. | like many enveloped viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) assembles at and buds from lipid rafts. translocation of the envelope proteins to these membrane subdomains is essential for production of infectious virus, but the targeting mechanism is poorly understood and it is not known if other virus proteins are required. here we demonstrate that f protein of rsv intrinsically targets to lipid rafts without a requirement for any other virus protein, including the sh and g envelope prote ... | 2006 | 17005642 |
| in vitro and in vivo fitness of respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody escape mutants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the only infectious disease for which a monoclonal antibody (mab) is used in humans. palivizumab (pz) is a humanized murine mab to the f protein of rsv. pz-resistant viruses appear after in vitro and in vivo growth of rsv in the presence of pz. fitness for replication could be a determinant of the likelihood of dissemination of resistant viruses. we assessed the fitness of two pz-resistant viruses (f212 and mp4). f212 grew less well in cell culture than the p ... | 2006 | 17005645 |
| alternate polypurine tracts affect rous sarcoma virus integration in vivo. | when the endogenous polypurine tract (ppt) of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-derived vector rsvp(a)z was replaced with alternate retroviral ppts, the fraction of unintegrated viral dna with the normal consensus ends significantly decreased and the retention of part of the ppt significantly increased. if the terminus of the u3 long terminal repeat (ltr) is aberrant, rsv integrase can correctly process and integrate the normal u5 ltr into the host genome. however, the canonical ca is not involved in ... | 2006 | 17005708 |
| the severity of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in young infants in the united arab emirates. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) respiratory infections are very common during infancy and account for the majority of hospitalizations during the fall and winter seasons. patients vary in the severity of their illnesses, with most hospitalized patients needing oxygen and intravenous fluids. the objective of this study was to assess in hospitalized patients the severity of the disease in relation to age. we compared children who were <90 days old with children who were >90 days old for the dura ... | 2007 | 17008442 |
| antioxidant treatment ameliorates respiratory syncytial virus-induced disease and lung inflammation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children. no treatment has been shown to significantly improve the clinical outcome of patients with this infection. recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress could play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung inflammatory diseases. we do not known whether rsv induces pulmonary oxidative stress and whether antioxidant treatment can modulate rsv-induced lung disease. | 2006 | 17008643 |
| modular alpha-helical mimetics with antiviral activity against respiratory syncitial virus. | a 13-residue peptide sequence from a respiratory syncitial virus fusion protein was constrained in an alpha-helical conformation by fusing two back-to-back cyclic alpha-turn mimetics. the resulting peptide, ac-(3-->7; 8-->12)-bicyclo-fp[kdefd][ksird]v-nh(2), was highly alpha-helical in water by cd and nmr spectroscopy, correctly positioning crucial binding residues (f488, i491, v493) on one face of the helix and side chain-side chain linkers on a noninteracting face of the helix. this compound d ... | 2006 | 17017810 |
| [the efficiency (cost-effectiveness) of palivizumab as prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus infection in premature infants with a gestational age of 32-35 weeks in spain]. | to evaluate the efficiency (cost-effectiveness) of palivizumab in preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in premature infants with a gestational age of 32-35 weeks (ga 32-35) and two or more risk factors (rf) in spain. | 2006 | 17020726 |
| [incidence and cost of hospitalizations for bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus infections in the autonomous community of valencia in spain (2001 and 2002)]. | to assess the incidence and costs of hospitalizations for bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections the autonomous community of valencia, spain. | 2006 | 17020727 |
| the cell biology of acute childhood respiratory disease: therapeutic implications. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the recently identified human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and the human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs), cause most cases of childhood croup, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. influenza virus also causes a significant burden of disease in young children, although its significance in children was not fully recognized until recently. this article discusses pathogens that have been studied for several decades, including rsv and hpivs, and also explores the newly identified ... | 2006 | 17027618 |
| significant morbidity associated with rsv infection in immunosuppressed children following liver transplantation: case report and discussion regarding need of routine prophylaxis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. in immunocompromised children, rsv infection poses a serious health threat with significantly increased and prolonged virus shedding and the development of severe respiratory disease. we report two patients, eight months and 20 months of age, who were admitted with severe rsv infection two months and 10 months post-transplant respectively. major risk factors for severe infe ... | 2006 | 17032430 |
| prevalence of respiratory viruses, including newly identified viruses, in hospitalised children in austria. | the aim of this epidemiological study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory viruses, including new viruses, in hospitalised children in austria. two hundred fourteen nasopharyngeal samples from hospitalised children were tested for the presence of viruses using cell culture and pcr and/or viral antigen assays. the results revealed a parainfluenza virus 1 (piv1) outbreak that ended right before the onset of the influenza season, with nearly no overlapping, moderate respiratory syncytial ... | 2006 | 17036151 |
| medical burden of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 infection among us children. implications for design of vaccine trials. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) are two leading causes of lower respiratory illness (lri) in infants. many efforts have been directed to develop vaccines against these two viruses. licensure of new vaccines includes three phases of clinical trials to evaluate safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. to design an efficacy trial, age-specific incidence rates of suitable clinical endpoints need to be available. in this review, historical data are summarized to e ... | 2005 | 17038832 |
| epidemiological profile and clinical associations of human bocavirus and other human parvoviruses. | human bocavirus (hbov) and parv4 are newly discovered human parvoviruses. hbov, which was first detected in respiratory samples, has a potential role in the development of human respiratory disease. the present study compared the frequencies, epidemiological profiles, and clinical backgrounds of hbov and parv4 infections with those of other respiratory virus infections, by evaluating diagnostic samples referred to the specialist virology laboratory (svl) at the royal infirmary of edinburgh (edin ... | 2006 | 17041855 |
| human metapneumovirus infection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory disease in korea. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently isolated virus, mostly associated with acute lower respiratory infection in children, of which symptoms are similar to those of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the aim of our study was to determine the frequency of hmpv in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract disease in korea. nasal aspirates from hospitalized children with respiratory infections under 15 yr old between december 2003 and february 2005 were included in the stud ... | 2006 | 17043416 |
| prospects of rna interference therapy in respiratory viral diseases: update 2006. | respiratory viruses, such as influenza, parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), claim millions of lives annually. at present, there is no completely effective vaccine or drug against these highly mutable rna viruses. passive antibody therapies for rsv, despite their limited application and staggering cost, enjoy a virtual monopoly in a multibillion-dollar global market. recently, however, pioneering discoveries have launched rna interference as a novel, nucleic acid-based therapy ag ... | 2006 | 17049013 |
| clarithromycin in the treatment of rsv bronchiolitis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infancy. to date, there is no effective therapy for rsv bronchiolitis. in order to investigate the efficacy of clarithromycin in the treatment of rsv bronchiolitis, the present authors conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing clarithromycin with placebo in 21 infants with a diagnosis of rsv bronchiolitis. the infants were randomised to receive clarithromycin or ... | 2007 | 17050564 |
| identification of linear heparin-binding peptides derived from human respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein that inhibit infectivity. | it has been shown previously that the fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv-f) interacts with cellular heparan sulfate. synthetic overlapping peptides derived from the f-protein sequence of rsv subtype a (strain a2) were tested for their ability to bind heparin using heparin-agarose affinity chromatography (haac). this evaluation identified 15 peptides representing eight linear heparin-binding domains (hbds) located within f1 and f2 and spanning the protease cleavage acti ... | 2007 | 17050595 |
| viral infection of the lungs through the eye. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the foremost respiratory pathogen in newborns and claims millions of lives annually. however, there has been no methodical study of the pathway(s) of entry of rsv or its interaction with nonrespiratory tissues. we and others have recently established a significant association between allergic conjunctivitis and the presence of rsv in the eye. here we adopt a balb/c mouse model and demonstrate that when instilled in the live murine eye, rsv not only replicated ... | 2007 | 17050596 |
| [detection of etiologic agents and antibiotic resistance in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection in wenzhou city]. | the etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in children in wenzhou city remains poorly defined. this study investigated the etiological agents responsible for acute lrti and patterns of the antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens in children with acute lrti from wenzhou city. | 2006 | 17052392 |
| diagnosis of human respiratory syncytial virus infection using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major causative agent of lower respiratory tract infections in children and the elderly. a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed assay to amplify the genome of rsv subgroups a and b, in order to improve current diagnostic methods for rsv infection. the primer sets for rt-lamp were designed using highly conserved nucleotide sequences in the matrix protein region of subgroups a and b, and were specific for ... | 2007 | 17052763 |
| excretion patterns of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus among young children. | as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) cause serious respiratory tract infections, the routes of transmission of these viruses are important to elucidate. we examined the modes of virus shedding and shedding duration of rsv and hmpv in young children. | 2006 | 17052968 |
| bronchiolitis to asthma: a review and call for studies of gene-virus interactions in asthma causation. | viral infections are important causes of asthma exacerbations in children, and lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis), caused by viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rhinovirus (rv), are a leading cause of bronchiolitis in infants. infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis are at significantly increased risk for both recurrent wheezing and childhood asthma. to date, studies addressing the incidence of asthma after bronchiolitis severe enough to warrant hospitalization have foc ... | 2007 | 17053206 |
| immunoglobulin treatment for respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and pneumonia hospitalize hundreds of thousands of infants every year. treatment is largely supportive therapy, (for example, oxygen, fluids and occasionally mechanical ventilation). ribavirin, an antiviral agent, is licensed for severe rsv infection, although systematic reviews find it of no benefit. passive protection against rsv can be achieved through monthly intramuscular injection of the humanized monoclonal anti-rsv antibody palivizumab (syn ... | 2006 | 17054220 |
| plasmacytoid dendritic cells limit viral replication, pulmonary inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc), as major producers of ifn-alpha, are thought not only to be pivotal in antiviral immunity, but also to limit allergic inflammation. in this study, we delineate the role of pdc in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced airway inflammation. bone marrow-derived pdc generated high levels of ifn-alpha upon rsv infection, and the percentage of pdc expressing mhc class ii and maturation-associated costimulatory molecules was increased. however, th ... | 2006 | 17056556 |
| synergistically upregulated interleukin-10 production in cocultures of monocytes and t cells after stimulation with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is known as a causal factor of severe bronchiolitis in young children. it has also been detected in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), a disease that is associated with an increased number of t cells in the bronchial mucosa. here, we investigated the potential direct interaction between rsv and t cells and its impact on cytokine response. | 2007 | 17057409 |
| beyond randomized controlled trials: a "real life" experience of respiratory syncytial virus infection prevention in infancy with and without palivizumab. | a population-based study of the impact of palivizumab on confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalizations over a 7-year period within and between two similar health regions . clinicians in calgary implemented palivizumab prophylaxis for high-risk infants during the last four rsv seasons; clinicians in edmonton did not. the two cities are part of a unified health care system and similar sociodemographics. infants <36 weeks (wk) of gestational age (ga) were identified. rsv prophylaxis ... | 2006 | 17058279 |
| [the anti-respiratory syncytial virus effect of active compound of glycyrrhiza gd4 in vitro]. | to study the effect on anti-respiratory syncytial virus of an active compound gd4 from glycyrrhiza in vitro. | 2006 | 17059011 |
| solution structure of the rous sarcoma virus nucleocapsid protein: mupsi rna packaging signal complex. | the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) of retroviral genomes contains elements required for genome packaging during virus assembly. for many retroviruses, the packaging elements reside in non-contiguous segments that span most or all of the 5'-utr. the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) is an exception, in that its genome can be packaged efficiently by a relatively short, 82 nt segment of the 5'-utr called mupsi. the rsv 5'-utr also contains three translational start codons (aug-1, aug-2 and aug-3) that have ... | 2007 | 17070546 |
| the effect of an interventional program on adherence to the american academy of pediatrics guidelines for palivizumab prophylaxis. | to determine the effect of an interventional program designed to improve adherence to american academy of pediatrics (aap) guidelines for palivizumab prophylaxis. | 2006 | 17072124 |