| low prevalence of hepatitis a virus infection among autochthonous populations of new world non-human primates. | | 2011 | 21967448 |
| Antibody persistence and immune memory in healthy adults following vaccination with a two-dose inactivated hepatitis A vaccine: long-term follow-up at 15 years. | Long-term persistence of vaccine-induced immune response in adults was assessed annually for 15 years following primary immunization with a two-dose inactivated hepatitis A vaccine. In 1992, 119 and 194 subjects aged 17-40 years and naïve for hepatitis A virus (HAV) were enrolled in two studies to receive 1,440 ELISA units (El.U) of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (Havrix™, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Belgium) according to a standard 0, 6 or an extended 0, 12 months schedule, respectively. Seru ... | 2011 | 21915861 |
| outbreak of hepatitis a in an extended family after importation by non-immune travellers. | summarythe incidence of hepatitis a in england has declined in recent years, but travel-related cases and imported infections remain a challenge. we report an outbreak of hepatitis a in an extended family where two primary cases were infected while in pakistan and two secondary cases were infected in england. all four were infected by the same genotype iiia virus. testing of the children in the extended family by dried blood spots (dbs) determined that three had evidence of recent past infection ... | 2011 | 22142642 |
| direct sequencing of hepatitis a virus and norovirus rt-pcr products from environmentally contaminated oyster using m13-tailed primers. | human norovirus (hunov) and hepatitis a (hav) are recognized as leading causes of non-bacterial foodborne associated illnesses in the united states. dna sequencing is generally considered the standard for accurate viral genotyping in support of epidemiological investigations. due to the genetic diversity of noroviruses (nov), degenerate primer sets are often used in conventional reverse transcription (rt) pcr and real-time rt-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) for the detection of these viruses and cdna ... | 2011 | 21963395 |
| hepatitis a virus: seroepidemiological study in fars province. | | 2011 | 22140395 |
| Functional binding of hexanucleotides to 3C protease of hepatitis A virus. | Oligonucleotides as short as 6?nt in length have been shown to bind specifically and tightly to proteins and affect their biological function. Yet, sparse structural data are available for corresponding complexes. Employing a recently developed hexanucleotide array, we identified hexadeoxyribonucleotides that bind specifically to the 3C protease of hepatitis A virus (HAV 3C(pro)). Inhibition assays in vitro identified the hexanucleotide 5'-GGGGGT-3' (G(5)T) as a 3C(pro) protease inhibitor. Using ... | 2011 | 22156376 |
| [virological and molecular characteristics of hepatitis a virus]. | | 2011 | 22096980 |
| Epidemiological and genetic analyses of a diffuse outbreak of hepatitis A in Japan, 2010. | BACKGROUND: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is still one of the most common causative agents of acute hepatitis in Japan. Although a relatively small number of annual acute hepatitis A cases (approximately 100-150, 0.78-1.17 per million) were recently reported, a larger number of cases (346, 2.71 per million) were reported in 2010. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the causes of the 2010 HAV resurgence in Japan by using molecular epidemiological and genetic analyses. STUDY DESIGN: HAV specimens were obtained f ... | 2011 | 22196871 |
| cyp3a4*18 polymorphisms and anti-hepatitis a virus seroprevalence. | cyp3a4 is the major cytochrome in humans which shows reduced activity in chronic liver disease as well as in hepatic cirrhosis. the detection of this polymorphism may give an indication on the prognosis of patients having chronic viral hepatitis with superimposed hepatitis a infection. the aim of this study is to correlate the seroprevalence of anti-hav antibodies in chronic liver disease patients having cyp3a4*18 polymorphisms. | 2011 | 21940338 |
| risk factors and immune response to hepatitis e viral infection among acute hepatitis patients in assiut, egypt. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis (avh) in egypt. we aimed to identify risk factors of hev among acute hepatitis cases, measure hev specific immune response to differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. the study included symptomatic acute hepatitis (ah) patients (n = 235) and asymptomatic contacts (n = 200) to hev cases. they completed a lifestyle questionnaire, screened for common hepatotropic viruses. blood and serum samples were ... | 2010 | 22053611 |
| Study of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extracts from roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG), commonly named Huangqin, showed strong in vitro antimicrobial effects. However, limited research is available to systematically evaluate the effects of extraction methods on the phytochemical composition of SBG and its associated antimicrobial effects. In addition, limited studies have tested SBG as a natural antimicrobial agent on fresh produce such as tomatoes. In the current study, powered roots of SBG were extracted with 60, 80, and 100% ethanol, and th ... | 2011 | 21866919 |
| Surveillance study of hepatitis A virus RNA on fig and date samples. | Ninety-one fig and 185 date samples were analyzed by RT real time PCR for the presence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA. Two batches of dates tested positive and HAV RNA detected was genotyped as IA. These findings warrant further development of methods applicable to food exported from HAV endemic countries which is consumed untreated. | 2011 | 22138987 |
| seroprevalence and correlates of hepatitis a among hiv-negative american men who have sex with men. | hepatitis a outbreaks are well documented among men who have sex with men (msm). this analysis examines characteristics associated with hepatitis a virus (hav) infection among a large group of young adult msm from five usa cities. | 2011 | 21851774 |
| disruption of tlr3 signaling due to cleavage of trif by the hepatitis a virus protease-polymerase processing intermediate, 3cd. | toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) and cytosolic rig-i-like helicases (rig-i and mda5) sense viral rnas and activate innate immune signaling pathways that induce expression of interferon (ifn) through specific adaptor proteins, tir domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (trif), and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs), respectively. previously, we demonstrated that hepatitis a virus (hav), a unique hepatotropic human picornavirus, disrupts rig-i/mda5 signaling by targeting mavs for ... | 2011 | 21931545 |
| hemocytes are sites of enteric virus persistence within oysters. | the goal of this study was to determine how enteric viruses persist within shellfish tissues. several lines of novel evidence show that phagocytic blood cells (hemocytes) of eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) play an important role in the retention of virus particles. our results demonstrated an association of virus contamination with hemocytes but not with hemolymph. live oysters contaminated overnight with hepatitis a virus (hav) and murine norovirus (mnv) had 56% and 80% of extractable v ... | 2011 | 21948840 |
| ?Fighting against infectious diseases in China. | Dr. Yin started his research on infectious disease prevention in the 1980s. In 1985, Dr. Yin sucessfully isolated the hepatitis A virus, after which, in 2002, he developed the first proprietary inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in China and soon launched it into the China market. Led by Dr. Yin, Sinovac successfully developed the vaccine prducts against SARS, H5N1, H1N1, hepatitis A and B and infleunza. Currently, Sinovac is working on the R&D of EV71 vaccine against hand, foot and mouth disease, ... | 2011 | 22185808 |
| Cloning, purification and preliminary crystallographic studies of the 2AB protein from hepatitis A virus. | The Picornaviridae family contains a large number of human pathogens such as rhinovirus, poliovirus and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Hepatitis A is an infectious disease that causes liver inflammation. It is highly endemic in developing countries with poor sanitation, where infections often occur in children. As in other picornaviruses, the genome of HAV contains one open reading frame encoding a single polyprotein that is subsequently processed by viral proteinases to originate mature viral protein ... | 2011 | 22102033 |
| havcr1 gene haplotypes and infection by different viral hepatitis c virus genotypes. | the havcr1 gene is highly polymorphic and several variants have been associated with susceptibility to allergic and autoimmune diseases. the havcr1 region was identified as a candidate for hepatitis c virus (hcv) natural clearance in a genotyping study of selected immune response genes in both the european-american and african-american populations. the aim of the present study was to explore the influence of havcr1 in the outcome of hcv infection in the spanish population. two cohorts consisting ... | 2011 | 22190394 |
| microbiological and physicochemical analysis of the coastal waters of southern brazil. | the aim of this study was to assess the impact of sewage discharge on coastal waters by evaluating the influence of physicochemical parameters on the presence of enteric microorganisms in seawater samples collected from 11 beaches in florianopolis, santa catarina, brazil, over a one-year period (august 2009 to july 2010). samples were assessed for the presence of human adenoviruses (hadv), polyomavirus (jcpyv), hepatitis a virus (hav), and noroviruses (hunov gi and gii). escherichia coli and phy ... | 2012 | 22104718 |
| Hepatitis A virus genotype and its correlation with the clinical outcome of acute hepatitis A in Korea: 2006-2008. | Korea has recently experienced a nationwide outbreak of hepatitis A. This study aimed to investigate hepatitis A virus (HAV) genotypes and to compare clinical features between patients infected with HAV genotype IA and those with genotype IIIA. From September 2006 to August 2008, 595 patients with symptomatic hepatitis A were enrolled prospectively in four hospitals in Korea. Among them, 556 patients participated in this study by providing serum or stool samples for genotypic analysis. HAV RNA w ... | 2011 | 22012713 |
| Monitoring the hepatitis A virus in urban wastewater from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. | Hepatitis A is a viral disease with a significant public health impact, especially in developing countries. Improvements in sewage services could prevent hepatitis A virus (HAV) dissemination into the environment and minimize the risk of infection. The aim of this study was to monitor HAV for one year in urban sewage samples from the largest wastewater treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to assess environmental contamination with HAV and its dissemination after treatment by an activated sl ... | 2011 | 22100367 |
| Hepatitis A virus presenting as fatal encephalitis in a child. | | 2011 | 21997663 |
| [Role of hepatitis A and E viruses in the development of autoimmune diseases]. | The mechanisms of development of autoimmune diseases may be associated with a complex of genetic, immune, hormonal, and infectious factors. Autoimmune diseases include a wide range of systemic and organ-specific diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). It is currently assumed that the pathogenesis of AIH is due to compromised immune regulation in the presence of an exogenous triggering factor. Exogenous factors, such as viruses, may be triggers of AIH. There may be different ways of initi ... | 2011 | 21899066 |
| major human hepatitis a virus genotype in hong kong marine waters and detection by real-time pcr. | marine waters from seven sites around hong kong with varying levels of sewage pollution were analyzed for hepatitis a virus (hav) by pcr cloning and dna sequencing of the highly variable vp1/2a junction of the hav genome. phylogenetic analysis of 10 pcr clones from each of the hav-positive marine sites indicated that human hav genotype ib is the most widely distributed type in hong kong waters. a sensitive and quantitative taqman-based pcr method targeting the 5'-noncoding region (5'-ncr) of hav ... | 2011 | 22001296 |
| cost-effectiveness of additional blood screening tests in the netherlands. | background: during the past decade, blood screening tests such as triplex nucleic acid amplification testing (nat) and human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i or i (htlv-i/ii) antibody testing were added to existing serologic testing for hepatitis b virus (hbv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv). in some low-prevalence regions these additional tests yielded disputable benefits that can be valuated by cost-effectiveness analyses (ceas). ceas are used to support decisi ... | 2011 | 21880046 |
| Challenges to mapping the health risk of hepatitis A virus infection. | World maps are among the most effective ways to convey public health messages such as recommended vaccinations, but creating a useful and valid map requires careful deliberation. The changing epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in many world regions heightens the need for up-to-date risk maps. HAV infection is usually asymptomatic in children, so low-income areas with high incidence rates usually have a low burden of disease. In higher-income areas, many adults remain susceptible to the viru ... | 2011 | 22008459 |
| hepatitis a and hepatitis a virus/hiv coinfection in men who have sex with men, warsaw, poland, september 2008 to september 2009. | we describe the epidemiology and characteristics of hepatitis a among men who have sex with men (msm)who had been hospitalised due to the infection in warsaw, poland, from september 2008 to september 2009. a total of 50 men were analysed; their median age was 28 years (range: 17–43). none had travelled to hepatitis a-endemic regions during the six months before hospitalisation nor had they been vaccinated against hepatitis a. of the 50 men, 40 had been tested before hospitalisation or on admissi ... | 2011 | 21903035 |
| predictors of travel-related hepatitis a and b among native adult danes: a nationwide case-control study. | objectives: to assess journey length and other predictors of travel-related acute hepatitis a (hav) and b (hbv) virus infection among native danes and determine the sensitivity and specificity of current pre-travel vaccination guidelines. methods: a nationwide case-control study was perfomed involving 60 danes with hav and 14 with hbv who acquired hepatitis in non-western countries from 2000 to 2010. non-immune travellers from a nationwide survey (1188 hav and 1709 hbv) served as controls. resul ... | 2011 | 22227464 |
| presence and fate of coliphages and enteric viruses in three wastewater treatment plants effluents and activated sludge from tunisia. | purpose: the role of water in the transmission of infectious diseases is well defined; it may act as a reservoir of different types of pathogens. enteric viruses can survive and persist for a long time in water, maintaining infectivity in many instances. this suggests the need to include virus detection in the evaluation of the microbiological quality of waters. methods: in this study, enteric viruses (enteroviru ... | 2012 | 22261843 |
| hepatitis a: seroprevalence and associated factors among schoolchildren of são luís (ma), brazil. | objectives: to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus (antivha-igg) in children aged 7-14 years from public and private schools, and to identify demographic, socioeconomic and sanitation factors associated with the prevalence of antivha-igg. methods: seroepidemiological study for the detection of igg antivha. it was conducted from april 2002 to april 2004 with 462 elementary school students from são luis, ranging from 7 to 14-years of age. thirty schools randomly selected too ... | 2011 | 22218654 |
| age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis a in sari, northern islamic republic of iran. | the declining incidence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in the islamic republic of iran may be reducing the population's natural immunity. this was the first systemized, population-based survey of the seroprevalence of hav antibodies in urban and rural inhabitants of sari, mazandaran province. serum from 1034 individuals aged 1-25 years in 2007 were tested for anti-hav lgg antibody using a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit. the overall seroprevalence was 38.9%. the lowest prevalence (5.2%) ... | 2011 | 22256409 |
| discrimination of infectious hepatitis a viruses by propidium monoazide real-time rt-pcr. | the discrimination of infectious and inactivated viruses remains a key obstacle when using quantitative rt-pcr (rt-qpcr) to quantify enteric viruses. in this study, propidium monoazide (pma) and rnase pretreatments were evaluated for the detection and quantification of infectious hepatitis a virus (hav). for thermally inactivated hav, pma treatment was more effective than rnase treatment for differentiating infectious and inactivated viruses, with hav titers reduced by more than 2.4 log(10) unit ... | 2011 | 23412764 |
| detecting hepatitis e virus with a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | this study aimed to develop a specific and sensitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rt-pcr-elisa) for detecting hepatitis e virus (hev). eight sets of primers and biotinylated probes designed in the orf2-orf3 overlapping region of hev were tested for sensitivity. the ability of nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rt-pcr-elisa to detect hev was compared. rt-pcr-elisa was 10-100 times more sensitive than nested rt- ... | 2011 | 23412763 |
| work-related health effects among wastewater treatment plants workers. | raw sewage contains various pathogenic organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungus, worms and protozoa. workers at wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) are exposed to these organisms as well as to h2s gas causing many health hazards. | 2011 | 23022842 |
| [the characterization analysis of hav recombinant antigen was expressed by vaccinia virus vector]. | to find a suitable cell line for hepatitis a antigen expressed by vaccinia virus vector and to find a way of inactivation and preservation of the hav recombinant antigen. methods series of cell lines such as k4,143, hel, hep-2 and vero were inoculated with vaccinia virus that can express hav recombinant antigen. elisa was used to determine the contents of expression antigen. the characterization of the hav antigen expressed by vaccinia virus was then analyzed after it was treated with different ... | 2011 | 22734233 |
| [hepatitis c viruses infection situation in the human population of six provinces in china]. | to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis c viruse infection in the human population in six regions of beijing, heilongjiang, shandong, ningxia, gansu and sichuan in china. | 2011 | 22734232 |
| identification of acute vaccine-preventable hepatitis in individuals with chronic hepatitis in british columbia between 1991 and 2007. | in british columbia (bc), hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccines are provincially funded for persons with chronic hepatitis infections. | 2011 | 22379482 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in the croatian population. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has a worldwide distribution, although this distribution tends to be uneven among geographical regions and population groups. the prevalence of anti-hav antibodies in the general population varies widely among countries. in europe, the seroprevalence of hav is reported to range from 32% to 88%. | 2011 | 22368685 |
| is evaluation of hepatitis a immunity required or not? | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is one of the most common causes of acute hepatitis and it is a serious health problem worldwide. hav infection is a vaccine preventable disease that can produce the lifelong immunity seen in many developed countries with the vaccination schedule administered to children; however this vaccine is not used in developing countries at the present time. improvements in food and water hygiene have caused a displacement of hepatitis a infection from children to adults ... | 2011 | 22368677 |
| hepatitis a virus among drug users and the role of vaccination: a review. | in countries with advanced economies better health and hygiene conditions, along with the introduction, in some cases, of global vaccination, have relegated most viral hepatitis to marginal social groups and, in particular, drug users (dus). the availability of safe and effective vaccines for hepatitis a virus (hav) and b (hbv) may play a major role in combating this phenomenon. despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine for over a decade and the recommendations of international he ... | 2011 | 22347865 |
| acute pancreatitis in acute viral hepatitis. | the association of acute viral hepatitis and acute pancreatitis is well described. this study was conducted to find out the frequency of pancreatic involvement in acute viral hepatitis in the nepalese population. | 2011 | 22335088 |
| coinfection of hepatitis a virus genotype ia and iiia complicated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, prolonged cholestasis, and false-positive immunoglobulin m anti-hepatitis e virus: a case report. | a 37-year-old male presented with fever and jaundice was diagnosed as hepatitis a complicated with progressive cholestasis and severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia. he was treated with high-dose prednisolone (1.5 mg/kg), and eventually recovered. his initial serum contained genotype ia hepatitis a virus (hav), which was subsequently replaced by genotype iiia hav. moreover, at the time of development of hemolytic anemia, he became positive for immunoglobulin m (igm) anti-hepatitis e virus (hev). we ... | 2011 | 22310798 |
| clinico-laboratory study on children with auto-immune hepatitis in upper egypt. | auto-immune hepatitis (aih) in children is a rare chronic progressive liver disorder. it is characterised serologically by high aminotransferase levels, elevated immunoglobulin g (igg) and the presence of autoantibodies. aih is divided into two types according to the autoantibody profile. this study aims to assess frequency, clinical manifestations, biochemical features and outcome of aih in children attending assuit university hospitals in upper egypt with acute icteric hepatitis and seronegati ... | 2011 | 22305497 |
| seroprevalence study of hepatitis a virus in fars province, southern iran. | there are several studies on seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) in adults in the middle east. | 2011 | 22706273 |
| viral hepatitis: retrospective review in a canadian pediatric hospital. | introduction. clinical presentation of viral hepatitis ranges from mild symptoms to fulminant hepatitis. our aim is to describe clinical presentation and outcomes of children with viral hepatitis from the eastern ontario/western quebec regions of canada. methods. retrospective chart review of children diagnosed with viral hepatitis at our institution from january 1, 1998, to december 31, 2007. results. there were 261 charts reviewed, only 64 had a confirmed viral etiology: 34 (53%) hepatitis b ( ... | 2011 | 22482064 |
| validation of virus nat for hiv, hcv, hbv and hav using post-mortal blood samples. | commercial available nat systems are usually not validated for screening of post-mortem blood samples. nat testing might be challenging due to inhibitory substances in the cadaveric blood sample that cause false-negative test results. validation studies have to be performed to show the performance characteristics of the nat assays for testing cadaveric blood. | 2012 | 23801525 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus isolated from acute infections in turkey. | background/aims:hepatitis a virus is a global public health problem, especially in developing countries, and the most common cause of hepatitis in childhood. hepatitis a virus is a single- stranded positive rna virus subdivided to 6 genotypes (3 human,3 simian). the aim of this study was to determine the prevalent genotype in turkey using sera of acute hepatitis a virus-infectedpatients from different geographical regions of the country. materials and methods:sera of 137 patients with acute hepa ... | 2012 | 23794310 |
| seroprevalence and molecular characterisation of human hepatitis a virus in serum samples of tunisian patients with clinical symptoms of viral hepatitis. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies in patients with clinical symptoms of viral hepatitis and molecular characterization of the detected isolates. the present study deals with the seroprevalence and the genetic diversity of hav in 400 tunisian patients presenting in dispensaries (160 patients) and in university hospitals (240 patients) with hepatitis symptoms between 2006 and 2008. the patients with acute hepatitis were mainly from r ... | 2012 | 23729999 |
| [detection of hepatitis a virus rna with an improved loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay]. | to establish a novel improved loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) technique to detect hepatitis a virus (hav). | 2012 | 23627037 |
| [hepatitis a virus mimotope mapping by phage display peptide library]. | a 12 mer phage display peptide library was used to identify hepatitis a virus mimotopes of antigenic determinants, to provide the feasibility of virus epitope mapping by using this approach. | 2012 | 23627029 |
| grape seed extract for foodborne virus reduction on produce. | grape seed extract (gse) is reported to have antibacterial properties with few current studies on antiviral activity. recently, we reported the effects of gse against foodborne viral surrogates in vitro. this study evaluated the application of gse (commercial gravinol-s) against hepatitis a virus (hav) and human norovirus surrogates, feline calicivirus (fcv-f9) and murine norovirus (mnv-1), on model produce. washed and air-dried lettuce (3 × 3 cm(2)) and jalapeno peppers (25-30 g) were inoculate ... | 2012 | 23498171 |
| acute pancreatitis complicating acute hepatitis a virus infection. | acute pancreatitis complicating acute hepatitis a is very rare especially in children. we report here an 11 year old female patient with picture of acute hepatitis proved to be caused by hepatitis a. one week later patient's condition worsened, she was jaundiced, with persistent vomiting and looked acutely ill and uncomfortable with severe steady abdominal pain mainly in the epigastrium and upper quadrants. acute pancreatitis was suspected and proved by a clinical picture associated with elevate ... | 2012 | 23432988 |
| harmonised investigation of the occurrence of human enteric viruses in the leafy green vegetable supply chain in three european countries. | numerous outbreaks have been attributed to the consumption of raw or minimally processed leafy green vegetables contaminated with enteric viral pathogens. the aim of the present study was an integrated virological monitoring of the salad vegetables supply chain in europe, from production, processing and point-of-sale. samples were collected and analysed in greece, serbia and poland, from 'general' and 'ad hoc' sampling points, which were perceived as critical points for virus contamination. gene ... | 2012 | 23412890 |
| potential risk of norovirus infection due to the consumption of "ready to eat" food. | in this study, we investigated the presence of enteric viruses such as norovirus (nov), hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis e virus (hev), and adenovirus (hadv), in vegetables available on the italian markets. for this aim, 110 national and international "ready to eat" samples were collected and analyzed by biomolecular tests and positive samples were confirmed by sequencing. all samples (100 %) were negative for hav, hev, and hadv, while 13.6 % (15/110) were positive for nov. actually there is n ... | 2012 | 23412835 |
| occurrence of human enteric viruses in commercial mussels at retail level in three european countries. | in this study, the prevalence of different enteric viruses in commercial mussels was evaluated at the retail level in three european countries (finland, greece and spain). a total of 153 mussel samples from different origins were analysed for human norovirus (nov) genogroups i and ii, hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev). human adenovirus (hadv) was also tested as an indicator of human faecal contamination. a full set of controls (such as sample process control, internal amplifica ... | 2012 | 23412813 |
| comparative analysis of viral concentration methods for detecting the hav genome using real-time rt-pcr amplification. | hepatitis a is a major infectious disease epidemiologically associated with foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. molecular detection using real-time rt-pcr to detect the hepatitis a virus (hav) in contaminated vegetables can be hindered by low-virus recoveries during the concentration process and by natural pcr inhibitors in vegetables. this study evaluated three virus concentration methods from vegetables: polyethylene glycol (peg) precipitation, ultrafiltration (uf), and immunomagnetic separati ... | 2012 | 23412812 |
| the fate of murine norovirus and hepatitis a virus during preparation of fresh produce by cutting and grating. | human noroviruses and hepatitis a virus (hav) are commonly associated with outbreaks occurring in restaurant establishments and catered events. food handlers are major contributing factors to foodborne illnesses initiated in the kitchen setting. in this study, transfer of hav and murine norovirus (mnv-1), a human norovirus surrogate, between produce (cucumbers, strawberries, tomatoes, cantaloupes, carrots, and honeydew melons) and common kitchen utensils (graters and knives) was investigated. th ... | 2012 | 23412721 |
| shellfish-borne viral outbreaks: a systematic review. | investigations of disease outbreaks linked to shellfish consumption have been reported in the scientific literature; however, only few countries systematically collate and report such data through a disease surveillance system. we conducted a systematic review to investigate shellfish-borne viral outbreaks and to explore their distribution in different countries, and to determine if different types of shellfish and viruses are implicated. six databases (medline, embase, scopus, pubmed, eurosurve ... | 2012 | 23412719 |
| high pressure processing and its application to the challenge of virus-contaminated foods. | high pressure processing (hpp) is an increasingly popular non-thermal food processing technology. study of hpp's potential to inactivate foodborne viruses has defined general pressure levels required to inactivate hepatitis a virus, norovirus surrogates, and human norovirus itself within foods such as shellfish and produce. the sensitivity of a number of different picornaviruses to hpp is variable. experiments suggest that hpp inactivates viruses via denaturation of capsid proteins which render ... | 2012 | 23412716 |
| comparative uptake of enteric viruses into spinach and green onions. | root uptake of enteric pathogens and subsequent internalization has been a produce safety concern and is being investigated as a potential route of pre-harvest contamination. the objective of this study was to determine the ability of hepatitis a virus (hav) and the human norovirus surrogate, murine norovirus (mnv), to internalize in spinach and green onions through root uptake in both soil and hydroponic systems. hav or mnv was inoculated into soil matrices or into two hydroponic systems, float ... | 2012 | 23412715 |
| development of a rapid total nucleic acid extraction method for the isolation of hepatitis a virus from fresh produce. | recently, there have been increasing reports of foodborne illnesses associated with the consumption of fresh produce. among these, hepatitis a virus (hav) remains epidemiologically important and has been continually implicated in several outbreaks. we describe a rapid method (<8h) for the isolation and subsequent detection with real-time quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) of the hav hm-175 cytopathic strain seeded onto baby spinach and sliced tomatoes using a total rna extraction method, utilizing a hig ... | 2012 | 23334093 |
| multiplex polymerase chain reaction test for the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis a. | the early diagnosis of acute hepatitis a (aha) is hindered because serum igm against hepatitis a virus (hav) can yield false-negative results during the window period. this study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) kit for hav rna for the diagnosis of aha. | 2012 | 23323256 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies (anti-hav) in adult inhabitants of wielkopolska region, poland--the role of simple demographic factors. | based on the available epidemiologic data, poland currently has the features typical for areas of very low endemicity for hepatitis a. the incidence of hepatitis a in the wielkopolska region in years 2006-2008 was 0.68/100,000 inhabitants or significantly lower. the aim of this cross-sectional analysis was to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-hav antibodies in inhabitants of the wielkopolska region of western poland regarding some demographic factors. | 2012 | 23311799 |
| [experience of application of multiplex qpcr for differential diagnostics of intestinal viral infections]. | evaluate the effectiveness of multiplex reverse transcription (rt) and polymerase chain reaction with fluorescence detection in real time mode (qpcr) methods for differential detection of 11 groups of intestine viruses (adenoviruses, enteroviruses, polioviruses, hepatitis a and e viruses, group a and c rotaviruses, orthoreoviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses and astroviruses) in various biological samples. | 2012 | 23297630 |
| hepatitis a vaccine response in hiv-infected patients: are twinrix and havrix interchangeable? | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection remains a health risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons. seroconversion rates among hav vaccinated hiv-infected patients have been shown to be reduced compared to the general population. current guidelines regard hav vaccines as interchangeable, however there no published data comparing their efficacy in hiv patients. our study evaluated the impact of different factors, including type of vaccination, on the immunologic response to hepatitis ... | 2012 | 23277097 |
| translation directed by hepatitis a virus ires in the absence of active eif4f complex and eif2. | translation directed by several picornavirus ires elements can usually take place after cleavage of eif4g by picornavirus proteases 2a(pro) or l(pro). the hepatitis a virus (hav) ires is thought to be an exception to this rule because it requires intact eif4f complex for translation. in line with previous results we report that poliovirus (pv) 2a(pro) strongly blocks protein synthesis directed by hav ires. however, in contrast to previous findings we now demonstrate that eif4g cleavage by foot-a ... | 2012 | 23272212 |
| isolation and characterization of a low pathogenic duck hepatitis a virus 3 from south korea. | the d11-jw-018 strain of duck hepatitis a virus (dhav) was isolated from 7-day-old ducklings in kyeonggi province, south korea with no clinical signs of typical hepatitis. phylogenetic analyzed of whole genome showed that d11-jw-018 strain was belonged to dhav-3 genotype. the pathogenicity of the d11-jw-018 strain in 1-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day-old ducklings was examined. mortality of d11-jw-018 strain was lower than drl-62 (dhav-1) age-dependent but incubation period was longer in 1-day-old ducklin ... | 2012 | 23265242 |
| hepatitis e virus and hepatitis a virus exposures in an apparently healthy high-risk population in italy. | the prevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) and anti-hepatitis a virus (hav), as well as the possible links with socio-demographic and other viral risks factors, were evaluated in an inmates population. | 2012 | 23264095 |
| ultrafiltration and microarray for detection of microbial source tracking marker and pathogen genes in riverine and marine systems. | pathogen identification and microbial source tracking (mst) to identify sources of fecal pollution improve evaluation of water quality. they contribute to improved assessment of human health risks and remediation of pollution sources. an mst microarray was used to simultaneously detect genes for multiple pathogens and indicators of fecal pollution in freshwater, marine water, sewage-contaminated freshwater and marine water, and treated wastewater. dead-end ultrafiltration (deuf) was used to conc ... | 2016 | 26729716 |
| epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of hepatitis a at a residential facility for the disabled, 2011. | an outbreak of hepatitis a occurred at a residential facility for the disabled in july 10, 2011. this investigation was carried out to develop a response plan, and to find the infection source of the disease. | 2013 | 23573370 |
| a single mutation in the glycophorin a binding site of hepatitis a virus enhances virus clearance from the blood and results in a lower fitness variant. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has previously been reported to bind to human red blood cells through interaction with glycophorin a. residue k221 of vp1 and the surrounding vp3 residues are involved in such an interaction. this capsid region is specifically recognized by the monoclonal antibody h7c27. a monoclonal antibody-resistant mutant with the mutation g1217d has been isolated. in the present study, the g1217d mutant was characterized physically and biologically in comparison with the parental hm1 ... | 2012 | 22593170 |
| transverse myelitis in acute hepatitis a infection: the rare co-occurrence of hepatology and neurology. | transverse myelitis refers to the inflammatory process involving the spinal cord. clinical features can be either acute or subacute onset that results in neurological deficits such as weakness and/or numbness of extremities as well as autonomic dysfunctions. while there are some etiologies related, a viral infection is common. however, the hepatitis a virus rarely causes myelitis. this report provides details of a hepatitis a infectious patient who developed myelitis as comorbidity. although, th ... | 2016 | 27403101 |
| spectrum of viral pathogens in blood of malaria-free ill travelers returning to canada. | malaria is the most common specific cause of fever in returning travelers, but many other vectorborne infections and viral infections are emerging and increasingly encountered by travelers. we documented common and emerging viral pathogens in malaria-negative specimens from ill travelers returning to canada. anonymized, malaria-negative specimens were examined for various viral pathogens by real-time pcr. samples were positive for herpes simplex viruses 1 or 2 (n = 21, 1.6%), cytomegalovirus (n ... | 0 | 27089008 |
| characteristics and viral propagation properties of a new human diploid cell line, walvax-2, and its suitability as a candidate cell substrate for vaccine production. | human diploid cell strains (hdcss), possessing identical chromosome sets known to be free of all known adventitious agents, are of great use in developing human vaccines. however it is extremely difficult to obtain qualified hdcss that can satisfy the requirements for the mass production of vaccines. we have developed a new hdcs, walvax-2, which we derived from the lung tissue of a 3-month-old fetus. we established primary, master and working cell banks successfully from reconstituted frozen cel ... | 0 | 25803132 |
| genetic characterization of a novel picornavirus in turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) distinct from turkey galliviruses and megriviruses and distantly related to the members of the genus avihepatovirus. | this study reports the metagenomic detection and complete genome characterization of a novel turkey picornavirus from faecal samples of healthy (1/3) and affected (6/8) commercial turkeys with enteric and/or stunting syndrome in hungary. the virus was detected at seven of the eight farms examined. the turkey/m176-tuasv/2011/hun genome (kc465954) was genetically different from the currently known picornaviruses of turkey origin (megriviruses and galliviruses), and showed distant phylogenetic rela ... | 2013 | 23559479 |
| protease 3c of hepatitis a virus induces vacuolization of lysosomal/endosomal organelles and caspase-independent cell death. | 3c proteases, the main proteases of picornaviruses, play the key role in viral life cycle by processing polyproteins. in addition, 3c proteases digest certain host cell proteins to suppress antiviral defense, transcription, and translation. the activity of 3c proteases per se induces host cell death, which makes them critical factors of viral cytotoxicity. to date, cytotoxic effects have been studied for several 3c proteases, all of which induce apoptosis. this study for the first time describes ... | 2015 | 25886889 |
| tim-family proteins promote infection of multiple enveloped viruses through virion-associated phosphatidylserine. | human t-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing proteins (tim1, 3, and 4) specifically bind phosphatidylserine (ps). tim1 has been proposed to serve as a cellular receptor for hepatitis a virus and ebola virus and as an entry factor for dengue virus. here we show that tim1 promotes infection of retroviruses and virus-like particles (vlps) pseudotyped with a range of viral entry proteins, in particular those from the filovirus, flavivirus, new world arenavirus and alphavirus families. tim ... | 2013 | 23555248 |
| viral inactivation of human osteochondral grafts with methylene blue and light. | cartilage injury is one of the most common disorders of synovial joints. fresh osteochondral allografts are becoming a standard treatment; however, they are supply constrained with a potential risk of disease transmission. there are no known virucidal processes available for osteochondral allografts and most methods presently available are detrimental to cartilage. methylene blue light treatment has been shown to be successful in the literature for viral inactivation of fresh frozen plasma. the ... | 0 | 26069682 |
| identification and validation of a novel microrna-like molecule derived from a cytoplasmic rna virus antigenome by bioinformatics and experimental approaches. | it is generally believed that rna virus replicating in the cell cytoplasm would not encode micrornas (mirnas) due to nucleus inaccessibility. recent studies have described cytoplasmic rna virus genome-derived mirnas in west nile virus (wnv) and dengue virus (denv). however, naturally occurring mirnas derived from the antigenome of a cytoplasmic rna virus have not been described. | 2014 | 24981144 |
| comparative analysis of liver injury-associated cytokines in acute hepatitis a and b. | acute hepatitis a (aha) and acute hepatitis b (ahb) are caused by an acute infection of the hepatitis a virus and the hepatitis b virus, respectively. in both aha and ahb, liver injury is known to be mediated by immune cells and cytokines. in this study, we measured serum levels of various cytokines and t-cell cytotoxic proteins in patients with aha or ahb to identify liver injury-associated cytokines. | 0 | 26996565 |
| co-infection of dengue fever and hepatitis a in a russian traveler. | we report a hepatitis a (hav) and dengue virus (denv) co-infection in russian man who had been traveling to dominican republic. at admission to the hospital hemorrhagic and jaundice symptoms were observed in patient. pcr tests of blood serum and urine revealed rna dengue virus type 3, hav rna, anti-hav-igm. | 2016 | 27516967 |
| assessment of packed bed bioreactor systems in the production of viral vaccines. | vaccination is believed to be the most effective method for the prevention of infectious diseases. thus it is imperative to develop cost effective and scalable process for the production of vaccines so as to make them affordable for mass use. in this study, performance of a novel disposable icellis fixed bed bioreactor system was investigated for the production of some viral vaccines like rabies, hepatitis-a and chikungunya vaccines in comparison to conventional systems like the commercially ava ... | 2014 | 24949260 |
| hepatitis a and e seroprevalence and associated risk factors: a community-based cross-sectional survey in rural amazonia. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are both transmitted by the faecal-oral route, and represent common causes of acute hepatitis in developing countries. the endemicity of hav infection has shifted from high to moderate in brazil. human cases of hev infection seem to be rare, although the virus has been detected in swine livestock and effluents of slaughterhouses. this study was to determine the epidemiology of hepatitis a and e in one of the largest agricultural settlements in ... | 2014 | 25149658 |
| live attenuated vaccine based on duck enteritis virus against duck hepatitis a virus types 1 and 3. | as causative agents of duck viral hepatitis, duck hepatitis a virus type 1 (dhav-1) and type 3 (dhav-3) causes significant economic losses in the duck industry. however, a licensed commercial vaccine that simultaneously controls both pathogens is currently unavailable. here, we generated duck enteritis virus recombinants (rc-kce-2vp1) containing both vp1 from dhav-1 (vp1/dhav-1) and vp1 from dhav-3 (vp1/dhav-3) between ul27 and ul26. a self-cleaving 2a-element of fmdv was inserted between the tw ... | 2016 | 27777571 |
| development and evaluation of a das-elisa for rapid detection of tembusu virus using monoclonal antibodies against the envelope protein. | since april 2010, tembusu virus (tmuv) which is a contagious pathogen of waterfowls, causing symptoms of high fever, loss of appetite and fall in egg production, has been reported in east of china. a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa) which detects for tmuv was developed, using two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the tmuv envelope (e) protein. balb/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant e protein expressed in e. coli. three hybridoma cell lines d ... | 2014 | 24797141 |
| improving virus production through quasispecies genomic selection and molecular breeding. | virus production still is a challenging issue in antigen manufacture, particularly with slow-growing viruses. deep-sequencing of genomic regions indicative of efficient replication may be used to identify high-fitness minority individuals suppressed by the ensemble of mutants in a virus quasispecies. molecular breeding of quasispecies containing colonizer individuals, under regimes allowing more than one replicative cycle, is a strategy to select the fittest competitors among the colonizers. a s ... | 2016 | 27808108 |
| low prevalence of aichi virus in molluscan shellfish samples from galicia (nw spain). | the aim of this study was to detect and quantify aichi virus (aiv) in shellfish from three estuaries in galicia, the main producer of molluscs in europe. | 2017 | 27891729 |
| survival of hepatitis a virus and aichi virus in cranberry-based juices at refrigeration (4 °c). | viral foodborne illness continues to be a health-concern globally, with numerous fruit and juice outbreaks of hepatitis a virus (hav) reported worldwide. aichi virus (aiv) is an emerging pathogen with limited epidemiological data. both, hav and aiv are resistant to low ph and can survive under adverse environmental conditions leading to transmission ease. the objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of hav and aiv in commercially-available cranberry-based juices (cranberry juice cock ... | 2017 | 27889156 |
| novel picornavirus in domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus var. domestica). | picornaviruses (family picornaviridae) are small, non-enveloped viruses with positive sense, single-stranded rna genomes. the numbers of the novel picornavirus species and genera are continuously increasing. picornaviruses infect numerous vertebrate species from fish to mammals, but have not been identified in a member of the lagomorpha order (pikas, hares and rabbits). in this study, a novel picornavirus was identified in 16 (28.6%) out of 56 faecal samples collected from clinically healthy rab ... | 2016 | 26588888 |
| detection of pathogenic viruses in sewage provided early warnings of hepatitis a virus and norovirus outbreaks. | most persons infected with enterically transmitted viruses shed large amounts of virus in feces for days or weeks, both before and after onset of symptoms. therefore, viruses causing gastroenteritis may be detected in wastewater, even if only a few persons are infected. in this study, the presence of eight pathogenic viruses (norovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, aichi virus, parechovirus, hepatitis a virus [hav], and hepatitis e virus) was investigated in sewage to explore whether their ... | 2014 | 25172863 |
| acbd3 interaction with tbc1 domain 22 protein is differentially affected by enteroviral and kobuviral 3a protein binding. | despite wide sequence divergence, multiple picornaviruses use the golgi adaptor acyl coenzyme a (acyl-coa) binding domain protein 3 (acbd3/gcp60) to recruit phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase class iii beta (pi4kiiiβ/pi4kb), a factor required for viral replication. the molecular basis of this convergent interaction and the cellular function of acbd3 are not fully understood. using affinity purification-mass spectrometry, we identified the putative rab33 gtpase-activating proteins tbc1d22a and tbc1d22 ... | 2013 | 23572552 |
| norovirus and other human enteric viruses in moroccan shellfish. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of human enteric viruses in shellfish collected along the mediterranean sea and atlantic coast of morocco. a total of 77 samples were collected from areas potentially contaminated by human sewage. noroviruses were detected in 30 % of samples, with an equal representation of gi and gii strains, but were much more frequently found in cockles or clams than in oysters. the method used, including extraction efficiency controls, allowed the quantifica ... | 2013 | 23412717 |
| evaluation of vaccine seroresponse rates and adverse event rates through bayesian and frequentist methods. | in the evaluation of vaccine seroresponse rates and adverse reaction rates, extreme test results often occur, with substantial adverse event rates of 0% and/or seroresponse rates of 100%, which has produced several data challenges. few studies have used both the bayesian and frequentist methods on the same sets of data that contain extreme test cases to evaluate vaccine safety and immunogenicity. in this study, bayesian methods were introduced, and the comparison with frequentist methods was mad ... | 2015 | 25909683 |
| anti-dhav-1 reproduction and immuno-regulatory effects of a flavonoid prescription on duck virus hepatitis. | the flavonoid prescription baicalin-linarin-icariin-notoginsenoside r1 (blin) has a curative effect on duck virus hepatitis (dvh) caused by duck hepatitis a virus type 1 (dhav-1). however, the mechanism of this curative effect is not understood. | 2017 | 28385083 |
| viral-host interaction in kidney reveals strategies to escape host immunity and persistently shed virus to the urine. | hepatitis a virus is one of five types of hepatotropic viruses that cause human liver disease. a similar liver disease is also identified in ducks caused by duck hepatitis a virus (dhav). notably, many types of hepatotropic viruses can be detected in urine. however, how those viruses enter into the urine is largely unexplored. to elucidate the potential mechanism, we used the avian hepatotropic virus to investigate replication strategies and immune responses in kidney until 280 days after infect ... | 2017 | 28038465 |
| treatment effect of a flavonoid prescription on duck virus hepatitis by its hepatoprotective and antioxidative ability. | duck virus hepatitis (dvh) caused by duck hepatitis a virus type 1 (dhav-1) is an acute and lethal disease of young ducklings. however, there is still no effective drug to treat dvh. | 2017 | 27927057 |
| the 2a2 protein of duck hepatitis a virus type 1 induces apoptosis in primary cell culture. | duck hepatitis a virus type 1, (dhav-1) 2a2(pro), is one of the most highly conserved viral proteins within the dhav serotypes. however, its effect on host cells is unclear. we predicted that dhav-1 2a2(pro) was a gtpase-like protein based on the results of multiple sequence alignment and homologous modeling analysis. upon transfection of a recombinant plasmid expressing dhav-1 2a2, cells displayed fragmented nuclei, chromatin condensation, oligonucleosome-sized dna ladder, and positive terminal ... | 2016 | 27314270 |
| phosphorylated codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide could inhibit the virulence of duck hepatitis a virus compared with codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide. | to screen effective anti-duck hepatitis a virus (dhav) drugs, we applied stmp-stpp method to prepare phosphorylated codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (pcpps), the phosphorylation-modified product of codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (cpps). the ir spectrum and field emission scanning electron microscope (fe-sem) were subsequently used to analyze the structure of pcpps. several tests were conducted to compare the anti-dhav activities of cpps and pcpps. the mtt method was used to compare the eff ... | 2017 | 27713010 |
| comparison of the anti-duck hepatitis a virus activities of phosphorylated and sulfated astragalus polysaccharides. | duck hepatitis a virus (dhav) (picornaviridae) causes an infectious disease in ducks which results in severe losses in duck industry. however, the proper antiviral supportive drugs for this disease have not been discovered. polysaccharide is the main ingredient of astragalus that has been demonstrated to directly and indirectly inhibit rna of viruses replication. in this study, the antiviral activities of astragalus polysaccharide (aps) and its derivatives against dhav were evaluated and compare ... | 2017 | 27703041 |
| molecular genotyping of duck hepatitis a viruses (dhav) in vietnam. | the aim of this study was to identify the genetic characteristics and molecular genotyping of duck hepatitis a virus (dhav) isolated in vietnam during 2009-2013. | 2016 | 27694732 |