| genetic architecture of cold tolerance in rice (oryza sativa) determined through high resolution genome-wide analysis. | cold temperature is an important abiotic stress which negatively affects morphological development and seed production in rice (oryza sativa l.). at the seedling stage, cold stress causes poor germination, seedling injury and poor stand establishment; and at the reproductive stage cold decreases seed yield. the rice diversity panel 1 (rdp1) is a global collection of over 400 o. sativa accessions representing the five major subpopulations from the indica and japonica varietal groups, with a genot ... | 2017 | 28282385 |
| evaluating korean rice genotypes and landraces for octacosanol contents and antioxidant activity. | increase in the average life span and interest in correlation between food and human health have led to researches to find and utilise the functional materials in rice. octacosanol in rice grain is well known for its potential benefit. this study was conducted to evaluate the korean rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes and landraces for octacosanol contents and antioxidant activity. octacosanol contents in 223 cultivars of korean rice ranged from 0.78 to 6.06 mg 100 g-1. thirteen genotypes and landr ... | 2017 | 28278625 |
| harnessing the hidden genetic diversity for improving multiple abiotic stress tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | to develop superior rice varieties with improved yield in most rainfed areas of asia/africa, we started an introgression-breeding program for simultaneously improving yield and tolerances of multiple abiotic stresses. using eight bc1 populations derived from a widely adaptable recipient and eight donors plus three rounds of phenotypic selection, we developed 496 introgression lines (ils) with significantly higher yield under drought, salt and/or non-stress conditions in 5 years. six new varietie ... | 2017 | 28278154 |
| transposon-mediated epigenetic regulation contributes to phenotypic diversity and environmental adaptation in rice. | transposable elements (tes) have long been regarded as 'selfish dna', and are generally silenced by epigenetic mechanisms. however, work in the past decade has identified positive roles for tes in generating genomic novelty and diversity in plants. in particular, recent studies suggested that te-induced epigenetic alterations and modification of gene expression contribute to phenotypic variation and adaptation to geography or stress. these findings have led many to regard tes, not as junk dna, b ... | 2017 | 28273484 |
| aluminum enhances growth and sugar concentration, alters macronutrient status and regulates the expression of nac transcription factors in rice. | aluminum (al) is a beneficial element for some plant species, especially when used at low concentrations. though some transcription factors are induced by exposure to this element, no data indicate that al regulates the expression of nac genes in rice. in this study we tested the effect of applying 200 μm al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of nac transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (oryza sativa ssp. indi ... | 2017 | 28261224 |
| is early morning flowering an effective trait to minimize heat stress damage during flowering in rice? | higher spikelet sterility due to heat stress exposure during flowering in rice is becoming a major threat for sustaining productivity in tropical and sub-tropical regions. therefore, exploiting and incorporating early morning flowering (emf) trait into ongoing breeding pipelines could be an effective strategy to minimize the damage. in this study, we have focused on quantifying the time of day of flowering traits such as first spikelet opening time (fsot) and peak spikelet opening time (psot) in ... | 2017 | 28260830 |
| the important functionality of 14-3-3 isoforms in rice roots revealed by affinity chromatography. | plant 14-3-3 proteins belong to a large family of proteins involved in numerous physiological processes, and function by binding to phosphorylated client proteins to regulate their function. however, little is known about their regulatory mechanisms in rice root growth. in this study, four 14-3-3 isoforms (gf14b, gf14c, gf14e, gf14f) exhibiting prominent expression profiles in rice roots, were selected for further investigation. through a pull-down assay using four 14-3-3 isoforms in rice roots, ... | 2017 | 28254371 |
| physiological performance of two contrasting rice varieties under water stress. | two rice varieties pr-115 and super-7 were imposed to water stress and different physiological traits were monitored to evaluate the performance of these varieties under drought. under water stress condition although the relative water content, osmotic potential, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, carbon discrimination and biomass decreased in both the varieties however, the reduction was more pronounced in super-7 variety. oryzanol a trans-ester of ferulic acid functions as antioxidant a ... | 2017 | 28250586 |
| mitochondrial abc transporter atm3 is essential for cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly. | the mitochondrial atp-binding cassette transporter atm3 has been studied in arabidopsis. its function, however, is poorly understood in other model plant species. this study reports that the atm3 is required for cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly and is essential for meristem maintenance in rice (oryza sativa). the loss of function of osatm3 is lethal in rice at the four-leaf stage. in the osatm3 t-dna insertion mutant, the fourth leaf fails to develop and the lateral roots are short. cytoso ... | 2017 | 28250070 |
| hybrid weakness in a rice interspecific hybrid is nitrogen-dependent, and accompanied by changes in gene expression at both total transcript level and parental allele partitioning. | hybrid weakness, a phenomenon opposite to heterosis, refers to inferior growth and development in a hybrid relative to its pure-line parents. little attention has been paid to the phenomenological or mechanistic aspect of hybrid weakness, probably due to its rare occurrence. | 2017 | 28248994 |
| tsv, a putative plastidic oxidoreductase, protects rice chloroplasts from cold stress during development by interacting with plastidic thioredoxin z. | rice is vulnerable to cold stress. seedlings are very sensitive to cold stress and this harms global rice production. the effects of cold on chloroplast development are well known, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. here, we isolated a temperature-sensitive virescent (tsv) mutant that is extremely sensitive to cold stress. it displayed defective chloroplasts, decreased chlorophyll and zero survivorship under cold stress. we isolated and identified tsv by map-based clo ... | 2017 | 28248438 |
| gene expression and plant hormone levels in two contrasting rice genotypes responding to brown planthopper infestation. | the brown planthopper (bph; nilaparvata lugens stål) is a destructive piercing-sucking insect pest of rice. the plant hormones salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja) play important roles in plant-pest interactions. many isolated rice genes that modulate bph resistance are involved in the metabolism or signaling pathways of sa, ja and ethylene. 'rathu heenati' (rh) is a rice cultivar with a high-level, broad-spectrum resistance to all bph biotypes. here, rh was used as the research material, ... | 2017 | 28245796 |
| simultaneous profiling of lysoglycerophospholipids in rice (oryza sativa l.) using direct infusion-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring. | white rice is the final product after the hull and bran layers have been removed during the milling process. although lysoglycerophospholipids (lysogpls) only occupy a small proportion in white rice, they are essential for evaluating rice authenticity and quality. in this study, we developed a high-throughput and targeted lipidomics approach that involved direct infusion-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring to simultaneously profile lysogpls in white rice. the method is cap ... | 2017 | 28245645 |
| molecular structure and physicochemical properties of starches from rice with different amylose contents resulting from modification of osgbssi activity. | osgbssi, encoded by the waxy (wx) gene, is the key enzyme in the synthesis of amylose chains. transgenic rice lines with various gbssi activities were previously developed via site-directed mutagenesis of the wx gene in the glutinous cultivar guanglingxiangnuo (glxn). in this study, grain morphology, molecular structure, and physicochemical properties were investigated in four transgenic lines with modified osgbssi activity and differences in amylose content. a milky opaque appearance was observ ... | 2017 | 28241110 |
| spatial imaging and speciation of cu in rice (oryza sativa l.) roots using synchrotron-based x-ray microfluorescence and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. | knowledge of elemental localization and speciation in rice (oryza sativa l.) roots is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of cu accumulation so as to facilitate the development of strategies to inhibit cu accumulation in rice grain grown in contaminated soils. using synchrotron-based x-ray microfluorescence and x-ray absorption spectroscopy, we investigated the distribution patterns and speciation of cu in rice roots treated with 50 μm cu for 7 days. a clear preferential localization of cu in ... | 2017 | 28235745 |
| altered expression profiles of microrna families during de-etiolation of maize and rice leaves. | micrornas (mirnas) are highly conserved small non-coding rnas that play important regulatory roles in plants. although many mirna families are sequentially and functionally conserved across plant kingdoms (dezulian et al. in genome biol 13, 2005), they still differ in many aspects such as family size, average length, genomic loci etc. (unver et al. in int j plant genomics, 2009). | 2017 | 28235420 |
| mechanisms of fe biofortification and mitigation of cd accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) grown hydroponically with fe chelate fertilization. | cadmium contaminated rice from china has become a global food safety issue. some research has suggested that chelate addition to substrates can affect metal speciation and plant metal content. we investigated the mitigation of cd accumulation in hydroponically-grown rice supplied with edtana2fe(ii) or eddhafe(iii). a japonica rice variety (nipponbare) was grown in modified kimura b solution containing three concentrations (0, 10, 100 μμ) of the iron chelates edtana2fe(ii) or eddhafe(iii) and 1 μ ... | 2017 | 28232138 |
| volatile composition of smoked and non-smoked iranian rice. | in this work, the volatile profiles of smoked and non-smoked iranian rice were identified, and their relative abundance was calculated and compared. headspace solid-phase microextraction together with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (spme-gc-ms) were used to extract and identify the volatile compounds. the main groups of volatiles in iranian rice were aldehydes, ketones, phenol derivatives, furans, linear hydrocarbons, esters and terpenes. the chemical family aldehydes was the most abundant ... | 2016 | 28231176 |
| genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms in cms and restorer lines discovered by genotyping using sequencing and association with marker-combining ability for 12 yield-related traits in oryza sativa l. subsp. japonica. | heterosis or hybrid vigor is closely related with general combing ability (gca) of parents and special combining ability (sca) of combinations. the evaluation of gca and sca facilitate selection of parents and combinations in heterosis breeding. in order to improve combining ability (ca) by molecular marker assist selection, it is necessary to identify marker loci associated with the ca. to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) loci associated with ca in the parental genomes of japo ... | 2017 | 28228768 |
| posnar2.1:osnar2.1 expression enhances nitrogen uptake efficiency and grain yield in transgenic rice plants. | the nitrate (no3-) transporter has been selected as an important gene maker in the process of environmental adoption in rice cultivars. in this work, we transferred another native osnar2.1 promoter with driving osnar2.1 gene into rice plants. the transgenic lines with exogenous posnar2.1:osnar2.1 constructs showed enhanced osnar2.1 expression level, compared with wild type (wt), and 15 n influx in roots increased 21%-32% in response to 0.2 mm and 2.5 mm 15no3- and 1.25 mm 15 nh415 no3 . under th ... | 2017 | 28226420 |
| effect of chemical amendments on remediation of potentially toxic trace elements (ptes) and soil quality improvement in paddy fields. | remediation of potentially toxic trace elements (ptes) in paddy fields is fundamental for crop safety. in situ application of chemical amendments has been widely adapted because of its cost-effectiveness and environmental safety. the main purpose of this research was to (1) evaluate the reduction in dissolved concentrations of cadmium (cd) and arsenic (as) with the application of chemical amendments and (2) monitor microbial activity in the soil to determine the remediation efficiency. three dif ... | 2017 | 28213721 |
| bionano genome map resource for oryza sativa ssp. japonica and indica and its application in rice genome sequence correction and gap filling. | | 2017 | 28212831 |
| genetic factors underlying boron toxicity tolerance in rice: genome-wide association study and transcriptomic analysis. | boron (b) toxicity is a nutritional disorder affecting crop production in many parts of the world. this study explored genetic factors associated with b tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.) through an integrated genome mapping and transcriptomic approach. variation in b tolerance was first evaluated by screening a panel of 137 indica genotypes in b toxic conditions (+2 mm b), followed by genome-wide association study (gwas). leaf bronzing and greenness were significantly correlated with shoot and ... | 2017 | 28204664 |
| enzymatic properties of a gh19 chitinase isolated from rice lacking a major loop structure involved in chitin binding. | the catalytic domains of family gh19 chitinases have been found to consist of a conserved, α-helical core-region and different numbers (1-6) of loop structures, located at both ends of the substrate-binding groove and which extend over the glycon- and aglycon-binding sites. we expressed, purified and enzymatically characterized a gh19 chitinase from rice, oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare (oschia2a), lacking a major loop structure (loop iii) connected to the functionally important β-stranded region ... | 2017 | 28204489 |
| cyclic electron flow may provide some protection against psii photoinhibition in rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves under heat stress. | previously we have shown that a quick down-regulation in psi activity compares to that of psii following short-term heat stress for two rice groups including c4023 and q4149, studied herein. these accessions were identified to have different natural capacities in driving cyclic electron flow (cef) around psi; i.e., low cef (lcef) and high cef (hcef) for c4023 and q4149, respectively. the aim of this study was to investigate whether these two lines have different mechanisms of protecting photosys ... | 2017 | 28199904 |
| toxicity of pesticide tank mixtures from rice crops against telenomus podisi ashmead (hymenoptera: platygastridae). | the use of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides commonly occurs in mixtures in tanks in order to control phytosanitary problems in crops. however, there is no information regarding the effects of these mixtures on non-target organisms associated to the rice agroecosystem. the aim of this study was to know the toxicity of pesticide tank mixtures from rice crops against telenomus podisi ashmead (hymenoptera: platygastridae). based on the methods adapted from the international organisation for ... | 2017 | 28197851 |
| isolation, characterization and transcriptome analysis of a cytokinin receptor mutant osckt1 in rice. | cytokinins play important roles in regulating plant development, including shoot and root meristems, leaf longevity, and grain yield. however, the in planta functions of rice cytokinin receptors have not been genetically characterized yet. here we isolated a rice mutant, osckt1, with enhanced tolerance to cytokinin treatment. further analysis showed that osckt1 was insensitive to aromatic cytokinins but responded normally to isoprenoid and phenylurea-type cytokinins. map-based cloning revealed t ... | 2017 | 28197164 |
| fine mapping of carbon assimilation rate 8, a quantitative trait locus for flag leaf nitrogen content, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in rice. | increasing the rate of leaf photosynthesis is one important approach for increasing grain yield in rice (oryza sativa). exploiting the natural variation in co2 assimilation rate (a) between rice cultivars using quantitative genetics is one promising means to identify genes contributing to higher photosynthesis. in this study, we determined precise location of carbon assimilation rate 8 (car8) by crossing a high-yielding indica cultivar with a japanese commercial cultivar. fine mapping suggested ... | 2017 | 28197156 |
| genome-wide characterization of jasmonate-zim domain transcription repressors in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the jasmonate-zim domain (jaz) repressor family proteins are jasmonate co-receptors and transcriptional repressor in jasmonic acid (ja) signaling pathway, and they play important roles in regulating the growth and development of plants. recently, more and more researches on jaz gene family are reported in many plants. although the genome sequencing of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and its relatives is complete, our knowledge about this gene family remains vacant. | 2017 | 28193162 |
| changes in root hydraulic conductivity facilitate the overall hydraulic response of rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars to salt and osmotic stress. | the aim of the present work was to assess the significance of changes in root aqp gene expression and hydraulic conductivity (lp) in the regulation of water balance in two hydroponically-grown rice cultivars (azucena, bala) which differ in root morphology, stomatal regulation and aquaporin (aqp) isoform expression. plants were exposed to nacl (25 mm, 50 mm) and osmotic stress (5%, 10% peg6000). root lp was determined for exuding root systems (osmotic forces driving water uptake; 'exudation lp') ... | 2017 | 28189051 |
| lack of cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;2 activity reduces nitrogen-dependent biosynthesis of cytokinin required for axillary bud outgrowth in rice seedlings. | a mutation abolishing cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;2 (gs1;2) activity impairs assimilation of ammonium into glutamine in both roots and basal portions of shoots, and severely decreases axillary bud outgrowth (tillering) in mutant rice seedlings. although the gs1;2 mutant phenotype is independent of strigolactone, which inhibits tillering, it also demonstrates glutamine- or related metabolite-responsive biosynthesis of cytokinin (ck), which promotes tillering. here, we examined the connection ... | 2017 | 28186255 |
| marker aided incorporation of saltol, a major qtl associated with seedling stage salt tolerance, into oryza sativa 'pusa basmati 1121'. | pusa basmati 1121 (pb1121), an elite basmati rice cultivar is vulnerable to salinity at seedling stage. a study was undertaken to impart seedling-stage salt tolerance into pb1121 by transferring a quantitative trait locus (qtl), saltol, using fl478 as donor, through marker assisted backcrossing. sequence tagged microsatellite site (stms) marker rm 3412, tightly linked to saltol was used for foreground selection. background recovery was estimated using 90 genome-wide stms markers. systematic phen ... | 2017 | 28184228 |
| genome-wide identification and analysis of biotic and abiotic stress regulation of small heat shock protein (hsp20) family genes in bread wheat. | small heat shock proteins (shsps)/hsp20 are molecular chaperones that protect plants by preventing protein aggregation during abiotic stress conditions, especially heat stress. due to global climate change, high temperature is emerging as a major threat to wheat productivity. thus, the identification of hsp20 and analysis of hsp transcriptional regulation under different abiotic stresses in wheat would help in understanding the role of these proteins in abiotic stress tolerance. we used sequence ... | 2017 | 28178571 |
| rapid identification of a new gene influencing low amylose content in rice landraces (oryza sativa l.) using genome-wide association study with specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing. | starch is the major component of milled rice, and amylose content (ac) affects eating quality. in this study, a genome-wide association study (gwas) with specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (slaf-seq) data was performed for ac on a core collection of 419 rice landraces. using the compressed mixed linear method based on the q+k model, we identified a new gene, lac6 (chr6: 5.65-6.04 mb), associated with ac in the low amylose content panel. the lac6 candidate gene was detected by qrt-pcr i ... | 2017 | 28177831 |
| evolutionary analysis of the sub1 locus across the oryza genomes. | tolerance to complete submergence is recognized in a limited number of asian rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties, most of which contain submergence-inducible sub1a on the polygenic submergence-1 (sub1) locus. it has been shown that the sub1 locus encodes two ethylene-responsive factor (erf) genes, sub1b and sub1c, in all o. sativa varieties. these genes were also found in o rufipogon and o nivara, wild relatives of o. sativa. however, detailed analysis of the polygenic locus in other oryza species ... | 2017 | 28176282 |
| interactions between nitrogen and silicon in rice and their effects on resistance toward the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens. | nitrogen (n) and silicon (si) are two important nutritional elements required for plant growth, and both impact host plant resistance toward insect herbivores. the interaction between the two elements may therefore play a significant role in determining host plant resistance. we investigated this interaction in rice (oryza sativa l.) and its effect on resistance to the herbivore brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens (bph). our results indicate that high-level (5.76 mm) n fertilization reduced si ... | 2017 | 28167952 |
| newly identified csp41b gene localized in chloroplasts affects leaf color in rice. | a rice mutant with light-green leaves was discovered from a transgenic line of oryza sativa. the mutant has reduced chlorophyll content and abnormal chloroplast morphology throughout its life cycle. genetic analysis revealed that a single nuclear-encoded recessive gene is responsible for the mutation, here designated as lgl1. to isolate the lgl1 gene, a high-resolution physical map of the chromosomal region around the lgl1 gene was made using a mapping population consisting of 1984 mutant indivi ... | 2017 | 28167036 |
| identification of a low tiller gene from a new plant type cultivar in rice (oryza sativa l.). | we characterized a rice introgression line, yth34, harboring a chromosome segment from a new plant type (npt) cultivar, ir65600-87-2-2-3, in the genetic background of an indica group elite rice cultivar, ir 64, under upland and irrigated lowland conditions in japan. the number of panicles (as an indicator of tiller number) and number of spikelets per panicle of yth34 were lower than those of ir 64 under irrigated lowland conditions, but both of those as well as culm length, panicle length, seed ... | 2016 | 28163595 |
| development of a platform for breeding by design of cms restorer lines based on an sssl library in rice (oryza sativa l.). | exploitation of the heterosis of hybrid rice has shown great success in the improvement of rice yields. however, few genotypes exhibit strong restoration ability as effective restorers of cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in the development of hybrid rice. in this study, we developed a platform for the breeding by design of cms restorer lines based on a library of chromosomal single segment substitution lines (sssls) in the huajingxian74 (hjx74) genetic background. the target genes for breeding b ... | 2016 | 28163593 |
| genetic variation of rice (oryza sativa l.) germplasm in myanmar based on genomic compositions of dna markers. | the genetic diversity of 175 rice accessions from myanmar, including landraces and improved types from upland and lowland ecosystems in five different areas-western (hilly), northern (mountainous), north and south-eastern (plateau), and southern (plain)-was evaluated on the basis of polymorphism data for 65 dna markers and phenol reactions. on the basis of the dna polymorphism data, high genetic diversity was confirmed to conserve in the accessions from each ecosystem and area. and the accession ... | 2016 | 28163592 |
| a small decrease in rubisco content by individual suppression of rbcs genes leads to improvement of photosynthesis and greater biomass production in rice under conditions of elevated co2. | rubisco limits photosynthesis at low co2 concentrations ([co2]), but does not limit it at elevated [co2]. this means that the amount of rubisco is excessive for photosynthesis at elevated [co2]. therefore, we examined whether a small decrease in rubisco content by individual suppression of the rbcs multigene family leads to increases in photosynthesis and biomass production at elevated [co2] in rice (oryza sativa l.). our previous studies indicated that the individual suppression of rbcs decreas ... | 2017 | 28158810 |
| plantexpress: a database integrating oryzaexpress and arthaexpress for single-species and cross-species gene expression network analyses with microarray-based transcriptome data. | publicly available microarray-based transcriptome data on plants are remarkably valuable in terms of abundance and variation of samples, particularly for oryza sativa (rice) and arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis). here, we introduce the web database plantexpress (http://plantomics.mind.meiji.ac.jp/plantexpress/) as a platform for gene expression network (gen) analysis with the public microarray data of rice and arabidopsis. plantexpress has two functional modes. the single-species mode is specia ... | 2017 | 28158643 |
| a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase c pathway elicits stress-induced ca2+ signals and confers salt tolerance to rice. | in animal cells, phospholipase c (plc) isoforms predominantly hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphates [ptdins(4,5)p2 ] into the second messengers diacylglycerol (dag) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [ins(1,4,5)p3 ] to regulate diverse biological processes. by contrast, the molecular mechanisms and physiological significance of plc signaling in plants still awaits full elucidation. here, we identified a rice (oryza sativa cv) pi-plc, osplc1, which preferred to hydrolyze phosphatidylinosi ... | 2017 | 28157263 |
| in situ evaluation of crop productivity and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in paddy soils after remediation of metal-contaminated soils. | soils contaminated with heavy metals have been reused for agricultural, building, and industrial uses following remediation. this study assesses plant growth and bioaccumulation of heavy metals following remediation of industrially contaminated soil. the soil was collected from a field site near a nonferrous smelter and was subjected to laboratory- and field-scale studies. soil from the contaminated site was remediated by washing with acid or mixed with soil taken from a distant uncontaminated s ... | 2017 | 28150951 |
| absence of osβca1 causes a co2 deficit and affects leaf photosynthesis and the stomatal response to co2 in rice. | plants always adjust the opening of stomatal pores to adapt to the environment, for example co2 concentration ([co2 ]), humidity and temperature. low [co2 ] will trigger the opening of stomatal pores to absorb extra co2 . however, little is known about how co2 supply affects the carbon fixation and opening of stomatal pores in rice. here, a chloroplast-located gene coding for β-carbonic anhydrase (βca) was found to be involved in carbon assimilation and the co2 -mediated stomatal pore response i ... | 2017 | 28142196 |
| ascorbic acid deficiency leads to increased grain chalkiness in transgenic rice for suppressed of l-galldh. | the grain chalkiness of rice (oryza sativa l.), which determines the rice quality and price, is a major concern in rice breeding. reactive oxygen species (ros) plays a critical role in regulating rice endosperm chalkiness. ascorbic acid (asc) is a major plant antioxidant, which strictly regulates the levels of ros. l-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase (l-galldh, ec 1.3.2.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the last step of asc biosynthesis in higher plants. here we show that the l-galldh-suppressed ... | 2017 | 28142093 |
| the local impact of a coal-fired power plant on inorganic mercury and methyl-mercury distribution in rice (oryza sativa l.). | emission from coal-fired power plants is one of the major anthropogenic sources of mercury (hg) in the environment, because emitted hg can be quickly deposited nearby the source, attention is paid to the effects of coal-burning facilities on levels of toxic methyl-mercury (mehg) in biota near such sources. since rice is an agricultural crop that can bio-accumulate mehg, the potential effects of a large hg-emitting coal-fired power plant in hunan province, china on both inorganic hg (hg(ii)) and ... | 2017 | 28139322 |
| synergistic effects between [si-hemicellulose matrix] ligands and zn ions in inhibiting cd ion uptake in rice (oryza sativa) cells. | our study demonstrated that zn alleviated cd toxicity in the presence of si in the cell walls by zn 2+ binding to ligands through the formation of the [si-hemicellulose matrix]zn complexes that restrict the uptake of cd. the plant cell wall exhibits preferential sites for the accumulation of metals at toxic concentrations. through modification of wall polysaccharide components, elements, such as silicon (si) and zinc (zn), may play active roles in alleviating the toxicity of heavy metals, includ ... | 2017 | 28138761 |
| biochemical and chemical biology study of rice ostar1 revealed that tryptophan aminotransferase is involved in auxin biosynthesis: identification of a potent ostar1 inhibitor, pyruvamine2031. | iaa, a major form of auxin, is biosynthesized from l-tryptophan via the indole-3-pyruvic acid (ipya) pathway in arabidopsis. tryptophan aminotransferases (taa1/tars) catalyze the first step from l-tryptophan to ipya. in rice, the importance of taa/tars or yuc homologs in auxin biosynthesis has been suggested, but the enzymatic activities and involvement of the intermediate ipya in auxin biosynthesis remain elusive. in this study, we obtained biochemical evidence that the rice tryptophan aminotra ... | 2017 | 28138057 |
| identification and characterization of a plastidic adenine nucleotide uniporter (osbt1-3) required for chloroplast development in the early leaf stage of rice. | chloroplast development is an important subject in botany. in this study, a rice (oryza sativa) mutant exhibiting impairment in early chloroplast development (seedling leaf albino (sla)) was isolated from a filial generation via hybridization breeding. the sla mutant seedlings have an aberrant form of chloroplasts, which resulted in albinism at the first and second leaves; however, the leaf sheath was green. the mutant gradually turned green after the two-leaf stage, and the third leaf was a nor ... | 2017 | 28134341 |
| a salivary endo-β-1,4-glucanase acts as an effector that enables the brown planthopper to feed on rice. | the brown planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens is one of the most destructive insect pests on rice (oryza sativa) in asia. after landing on plants, bph rapidly accesses plant phloem and sucks the phloem sap through unknown mechanisms. we discovered a salivary endo-β-1,4-glucanase (nleg1) that has endoglucanase activity with a maximal activity at ph 6 at 37°c and is secreted into rice plants by bph nleg1 is highly expressed in the salivary glands and midgut. silencing nleg1 decreases the capacity ... | 2017 | 28126846 |
| physiological analysis of brassinosteroid responses and sensitivity in rice. | identification of related mutants contributed a lot to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying brassinosteroid (br) signaling. establishment of methods to test for the hormone sensitivity is essential for the characterization of the mutants associated with br responses. here, we describe detailed procedures for the physiological analysis of br responses that are regularly applied to test the br sensitivity of mutants by evaluating the growth of different tissues of rice (oryza s ... | 2017 | 28124243 |
| non-photochemical quenching plays a key role in light acclimation of rice plants differing in leaf color. | non-photochemical quenching (npq) is an important photoprotective mechanism in rice; however, little is known regarding its role in the photosynthetic response of rice plants with differing in leaf color to different irradiances. in this study, two rice genotypes containing different chlorophyll contents, namely zhefu802 (high chlorophyll) and chl-8 (low chlorophyll), were subjected to moderate or high levels of light intensity at the 6-leaf stage. chl-8 possessed a lower chlorophyll content and ... | 2016 | 28119700 |
| overexpression of rice serotonin n-acetyltransferase 1 in transgenic rice plants confers resistance to cadmium and senescence and increases grain yield. | while ectopic overexpression of serotonin n-acetyltransferase (snat) in plants has been accomplished using animal snat genes, ectopic overexpression of plant snat genes in plants has not been investigated. because the plant snat protein differs from that of animals in its subcellular localization and enzyme kinetics, its ectopic overexpression in plants would be expected to give outcomes distinct from those observed from overexpression of animal snat genes in transgenic plants. consistent with o ... | 2017 | 28118490 |
| oscesa9 conserved-site mutation leads to largely enhanced plant lodging resistance and biomass enzymatic saccharification by reducing cellulose dp and crystallinity in rice. | genetic modification of plant cell walls has been posed to reduce lignocellulose recalcitrance for enhancing biomass saccharification. since cellulose synthase (cesa) gene was first identified, several dozen cesa mutants have been reported, but almost all mutants exhibit the defective phenotypes in plant growth and development. in this study, the rice (oryza sativa) osfc16 mutant with substitutions (w481c, p482s) at p-cr conserved site in cesa9 shows a slightly affected plant growth and higher b ... | 2017 | 28117552 |
| the relationship between vacuolation and initiation of pcd in rice (oryza sativa) aleurone cells. | vacuole fusion is a necessary process for the establishment of a large central vacuole, which is the central location of various hydrolytic enzymes and other factors involved in death at the beginning of plant programmed cell death (pcd). in our report, the fusion of vacuoles has been presented in two ways: i) small vacuoles coalesce to form larger vacuoles through membrane fusion, and ii) larger vacuoles combine with small vacuoles when small vacuoles embed into larger vacuoles. regardless of h ... | 2017 | 28117452 |
| the effect of iron plaque on uptake and translocation of norfloxacin in rice seedlings grown in paddy soil. | although the role of iron plaque on rice root surface has been investigated in recent years, its effect on antibiotic uptake remains uncertain. in the study, pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of iron plaque on uptake and translocation of norfloxacin (adding 10 and 50 mg·kg-1 treatments) in rice seedlings grown in paddy soil. iron plaque was induced by adding different amounts of fe(ii) in soil. the results showed that the presence of norfloxacin can decrease the amount of ir ... | 2017 | 28116626 |
| cultivars effect on the physical characteristics of rice (rough and milled) (oryza sativa l.) of temperate region of kashmir (india). | the aim of present research was to evaluate physical and engineering properties of traditional paddy and rice cultivars native to temperate region of india. length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, surface area, aspect ratio, volume, bulk density, true density, porosity, thousand kernels weight, angle of repose and coefficient of friction were evaluated, which are required in designing of various post harvest operations and storage structures. the low bulk density of cultivars, mushki budg ... | 2016 | 28115766 |
| ability of rf5 and rf6 to restore fertility of chinsurah boro ii-type cytoplasmic male sterile oryza sativa (ssp. japonica) lines. | three-line oryza sativa (ssp. japonica) hybrids have been developed mainly using chinsurah boro ii (bt)-type cytoplasmic male sterility (cms). the rf1 gene restores the fertility of bt-type cms lines, and is the only fertility restorer gene (rf) that has been used to produce three-line japonica hybrids. using more rf genes to breed bt-type restorer lines may broaden the genetic diversity of the restorer lines, and represents a viable approach to improve the heterosis level of bt-type japonica hy ... | 2017 | 28110460 |
| genome-wide association analyses reveal the genetic basis of stigma exsertion in rice. | stigma exsertion, a key determinant of the rice mating system, greatly contributes to the application of heterosis in rice. although a few quantitative trait loci associated with stigma exsertion have been fine mapped or cloned, the underlying genetic architecture remains unclear. we performed a genome-wide association study on stigma exsertion and related floral traits using 6.5 million snps characterized in 533 diverse accessions of oryza sativa. we identified 23 genomic loci that are signific ... | 2017 | 28110091 |
| quantitative classification of rice (oryza sativa l.) root length and diameter using image analysis. | quantitative study of root morphological characteristics of plants is helpful for understanding the relationships between their morphology and function. however, few studies and little detailed and accurate information of root characteristics were reported in fine-rooted plants like rice (oryza sativa l.). the aims of this study were to quantitatively classify fine lateral roots (flrs), thick lateral roots (tlrs), and nodal roots (nrs) and analyze their dynamics of mean diameter (md), lengths an ... | 2017 | 28103264 |
| foliar uptake of radiocaesium from irrigation water by paddy rice (oryza sativa): an overlooked pathway in contaminated environments. | flooded (paddy) rice (oryza sativa) can take up ions from the irrigation water by foliar uptake via the exposed stem base. we hypothesised that the stem base uptake of radiocaesium (rcs) is a pathway for rice grown in rcs-contaminated environments. we developed a bi-compartmental device which discriminates the stem base from root rcs uptake from solutions, thereby using rcs isotopes (137 cs and 134 cs) with < 2% solution leak between the compartments. radiocaesium uptake was linear over time (0- ... | 2017 | 28102551 |
| variation in accumulation and translocation of di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp) among rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes and selection of cultivars for low dbp exposure. | di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp) is a typical endocrine-disrupting chemical with higher detection frequency and concentration in agricultural soil (particularly in paddy-field soil of guangdong province) of china. in this study, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate variation in uptake and accumulation of dbp by 20 rice cultivars and to screen low dbp-accumulating cultivars. dbp concentrations in plants varied greatly with rice cultivars, growth stages, and tissues. the highest dbp conc ... | 2017 | 28102498 |
| different physiobiochemical and transcriptomic reactions of rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars differing in terms of salt sensitivity under salinity stress. | salinity stress is the most important and common environmental stresses throughout the world, including iran. the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of several important genes involved in the salinity tolerance of the rice cultivars differing in salt sensitivity. in this research, the expression of four mitochondrial genes, h2o2, malondialdehyde (mda), proline, sodium, potassium and superoxide dismutase (sod), was measured in iranian rice cultivars and two well-known internation ... | 2017 | 28097484 |
| flowering time regulation by the constans-like gene oscol10. | plant flowering at the appropriate time is critical for reproductive success and influenced by a series of environmental factors such as photoperiod and temperature. a number of genes involved in photoperiodic flowering of have been cloned and their roles in modulating expression of the flowering genes have been characterized to a certain extent. however, much less is known about the pathway in transmitting the day length response signal(s) to induce transition to reproductive growth. recently, ... | 2017 | 28095114 |
| proteomic and carbonylation profile analysis at the critical node of seed ageing in oryza sativa. | the critical node (cn), which is the transition from the plateau phase to the rapid decreasing phase of seed ageing, is extremely important for seed conservation. although numerous studies have investigated the oxidative stress during seed ageing, information on the changes in protein abundance at the cn is limited. in this study, we aimed to investigate the abundance and carbonylation patterns of proteins at the cn of seed ageing in rice. the results showed that the germination rate of seeds de ... | 2017 | 28094349 |
| accumulation and transformation of inorganic and organic arsenic in rice and role of thiol-complexation to restrict their translocation to shoot. | environmental contamination of arsenic (as) and its accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) is of serious human health concern. in planta speciation of as is an important tool to understand as metabolism in plants. in the present study, we investigated root to shoot as translocation and speciation in rice exposed to inorganic and methylated as. arsenate (asv) and methylarsonate (mav) were efficiently reduced to arsenite (asiii) and maiii, respectively in rice root and shoot but no trivalent form ... | 2017 | 28094280 |
| evaluation of hyperspectral lidar for monitoring rice leaf nitrogen by comparison with multispectral lidar and passive spectrometer. | fast and nondestructive assessment of leaf nitrogen concentration (lnc) is critical for crop growth diagnosis and nitrogen management guidance. in the last decade, multispectral lidar (msl) systems have promoted developments in the earth and ecological sciences with the additional spectral information. with more wavelengths than msl, the hyperspectral lidar (hsl) system provides greater possibilities for remote sensing crop physiological conditions. this study compared the performance of asd fie ... | 2017 | 28091610 |
| dark septate endophyte decreases stress on rice plants. | abiotic stress is one of the major limiting factors for plant development and productivity, which makes it important to identify microorganisms capable of increasing plant tolerance to stress. dark septate endophytes can be symbionts of plants. in the present study, we evaluated the ability of dark septate endophytes isolates to reduce the effects of water stress in the rice varieties nipponbare and piauí. the experiments were performed under gnotobiotic conditions, and the water stress was indu ... | 2017 | 28089614 |
| deleterious variants in asian rice and the potential cost of domestication. | many snps are predicted to encode deleterious amino acid variants. these slightly deleterious mutations can provide unique insights into population history, the dynamics of selection, and the genetic bases of phenotypes. this is especially true for domesticated species, where a history of bottlenecks and selection may affect the frequency of deleterious variants and signal a "cost of domestication". here, we investigated the numbers and frequencies of deleterious variants in asian rice (oryza sa ... | 2017 | 28087781 |
| the rice paradox: multiple origins but single domestication in asian rice. | the origin of domesticated asian rice (oryza sativa) has been a contentious topic, with conflicting evidence for either single or multiple domestication of this key crop species. we examined the evolutionary history of domesticated rice by analyzing de novo assembled genomes from domesticated rice and its wild progenitors. our results indicate multiple origins, where each domesticated rice subpopulation (japonica, indica, and aus) arose separately from progenitor o. rufipogon and/or o. nivara. c ... | 2017 | 28087768 |
| overexpression of tify genes promotes plant growth in rice through jasmonate signaling. | because environmental stress can reduce crop growth and yield, the identification of genes that enhance agronomic traits is increasingly important. previous screening of full-length cdna overexpressing (fox) rice lines revealed that ostify11b, one of 20 tify proteins in rice, affects plant size, grain weight, and grain size. therefore, we analyzed the effect of ostify11b and nine other tify genes on the growth and yield of corresponding tify-fox lines. regardless of temperature, grain weight and ... | 2017 | 28079456 |
| rice variety and processing: contribution to glycaemic response | glycaemic index (gi) of different varieties of rice (oryza sativa l.) commonly consumed in sri lanka are not widely studied even though it is the staple food. | 2016 | 28076944 |
| a computational interactome for prioritizing genes associated with complex agronomic traits in rice (oryza sativa). | rice (oryza sativa) is one of the most important staple foods for more than half of the global population. many rice traits are quantitative, complex and controlled by multiple interacting genes. thus, a full understanding of genetic relationships will be critical to systematically identify genes controlling agronomic traits. we developed a genome-wide rice protein-protein interaction network (riceppinet, http://netbio.sjtu.edu.cn/riceppinet) using machine learning with structural relationship a ... | 2017 | 28074633 |
| role of ionic strength and ph in modulating thermodynamic profiles associated with co escape from rice nonsymbiotic hemoglobin 1. | type 1 nonsymbiotic hemoglobins are found in a wide variety of land plants and exhibit very high affinities for exogenous gaseous ligands. these proteins are presumed to have a role in protecting plant cells from oxidative stress under etiolated/hypoxic conditions through no dioxygenase activity. in this study we have employed photoacoustic calorimetry, time-resolved absorption spectroscopy, and classical molecular dynamics simulations in order to elucidate thermodynamics, kinetics, and ligand m ... | 2017 | 28072536 |
| genetics, physiological mechanisms and breeding of flood-tolerant rice (oryza sativa l.). | flooding of rice fields is a serious problem in the river basins of south and south-east asia where about 15 mha of lowland rice cultivation is regularly affected. flooding creates hypoxic conditions resulting in poor germination and seedling establishment. flash flooding, where rice plants are completely submerged for 10-15 d during their vegetative stage, causes huge losses. water stagnation for weeks to months also leads to substantial yield losses when large parts of rice aerial tissues are ... | 2017 | 28069894 |
| gibberellins regulate iron deficiency-response by influencing iron transport and translocation in rice seedlings (oryza sativa). | gibberellins (gas) are a class of plant hormones with diverse functions. however, there has been little information on the role of gas in response to plant nutrient deficiency. | 2017 | 28065924 |
| nitric oxide acts upstream of ethylene in cell wall phosphorus reutilization in phosphorus-deficient rice. | nitric oxide (no) and ethylene are both involved in cell wall phosphorus (p) reutilization in p-deficient rice; however, the crosstalk between them remains unclear. in the present study using p-deficient 'nipponbare' (nip), root no accumulation significantly increased after 1 h and reached a maximum at 3 h, while ethylene production significantly increased after 3 h and reached a maximum at 6 h, indicating no responded more quickly than ethylene. irrespective of p status, addition of the no dono ... | 2017 | 28064177 |
| the osmyb30 transcription factor suppresses cold tolerance by interacting with a jaz protein and suppressing β-amylase expression. | cold stress is one of the major limiting factors for rice (oryza sativa) productivity. several myb transcriptional factors have been reported as important regulators in the cold stress response, but the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. in this study, we characterized a cold-responsive r2r3-type myb gene, osmyb30, for its regulatory function in cold tolerance in rice. functional analysis revealed that overexpression of osmyb30 in rice resulted in increased cold sensitivity, while the osm ... | 2017 | 28062835 |
| occurrence of brassinosteroids in non-flowering land plants, liverwort, moss, lycophyte and fern. | endogenous brassinosteroids (brs) in non-flowering land plants were analyzed. brs were found in a liverwort (marchantia polymorpha), a moss (physcomitrella patens), lycophytes (selaginella moellendorffii and s. uncinata) and 13 fern species. a biologically active br, castasterone (cs), was identified in most of these non-flowering plants but another biologically active br, brassinolide, was not. it may be distinctive that levels of cs in non-flowering plants were orders of magnitude lower than t ... | 2017 | 28057327 |
| a comprehensive proteomic survey of aba-induced protein phosphorylation in rice (oryza sativa l.). | abscisic acid (aba) is a key phytohormone regulating plant development and stress response. the signal transduction of aba largely relies on protein phosphorylation. however; little is known about the phosphorylation events occurring during aba signaling in rice thus far. by employing a label-free; ms (mass spectrometry)-based phosphoproteomic approach; we identified 2271 phosphosites of young rice seedlings and their intensity dynamics in response to aba; during which 1060 proteins were found t ... | 2017 | 28054942 |
| monitoring mexican rice borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) populations in sugarcane and rice with conventional and electronic pheromone traps. | the mexican rice borer, eoreuma loftini (dyar), is a major pest of sugarcane, saccharum spp., rice, oryza sativa l., and other graminaceous crops in texas and louisiana. the ability of conventional and electronic pheromone traps to monitor e. loftini in sugarcane and rice habitats was evaluated in two separate 2-yr field studies. bucket traps baited with a synthetic female sex pheromone monitored e. loftini populations in commercial sugarcane fields in calcasieu and jefferson davis parishes thro ... | 2017 | 28053210 |
| carbon-bound iron oxide nanoparticles prevent calcium-induced iron deficiency in oryza sativa l. . | iron-based nanocomposites can be a practical solution to combat iron deficiency in calcareous agricultural soil. in the present study, a carbon-bound iron oxide nanoparticle is synthesized by mixing ferric chloride and caffeic acid and tested to correct ca-inducible fe deficiency in rice. physicochemical characterization points that the nanoparticle is carbon-coated semi-crystalline fe3o4. it is found that nanoparticle amendment enhances bioproductivity, photosynthetic electron transport, antiox ... | 2017 | 28048936 |
| a high-throughput, modified als activity assay for cyperus difformis and schoenoplectus mucronatus seedlings. | cyperus difformis l. (cypdi) and schoenoplectus mucronatus (l.) palla (schmu) are major weeds of california (ca) rice, where resistance to acetolactate synthase (als)-inhibitors was identified in several cypdi and schmu populations that have also evolved resistance to photosystem ii (psii)-inhibiting herbicides. the mechanism of als resistance in these populations remains to be clarified but this information is crucial in a weed management program, especially in a scenario where resistance to mu ... | 2017 | 28043335 |
| unbranched3 regulates branching by modulating cytokinin biosynthesis and signaling in maize and rice. | unbranched3 (ub3), a member of the squamosa promoter binding protein-like (spl) gene family, regulates kernel row number by negatively modulating the size of the inflorescence meristem in maize. however, the regulatory pathway by which ub3 mediates branching remains unknown. we introduced the ub3 into rice and maize to reveal its effects in the two crop plants, respectively. furthermore, we performed transcriptome sequencing and protein-dna binding assay to elucidate the regulatory pathway of ub ... | 2017 | 28040882 |
| the oxalyl-coa synthetase-regulated oxalate and its distinct effects on resistance to bacterial blight and aluminium toxicity in rice. | oxalic acid is widely distributed in biological systems and known to play functional roles in plants. the gene aae3 was recently identified to encode an oxalyl-coa synthetase (ocs) in arabidopsis that catalyses the conversion of oxalate and coa into oxalyl-coa. it will be particularly important to characterise the homologous gene in rice since rice is not only a monocotyledonous model plant, but also a staple food crop. various enzymatic and biological methods have been used to characterise the ... | 2017 | 28039904 |
| related to abi3/vp1-like 1 (ravl1) regulates brassinosteroid-mediated activation of amt1;2 in rice (oryza sativa). | the promotive effects of brassinosteroids (brs) on plant growth and development have been widely investigated; however, it is not known whether brs directly affect nutrient uptake. here, we explored the possibility of a direct relationship between brs and ammonium uptake via amt1-type genes in rice (oryza sativa). br treatment increased the expression of amt1;1 and amt1;2, whereas in the mutant d61-1, which is defective in the br-receptor gene bri1, br-dependent expression of these genes was sup ... | 2017 | 28035023 |
| dro1 influences root system architecture in arabidopsis and prunus species. | roots provide essential uptake of water and nutrients from the soil, as well as anchorage and stability for the whole plant. root orientation, or angle, is an important component of the overall architecture and depth of the root system; however, little is known about the genetic control of this trait. recent reports in oryza sativa (rice) identified a role for deeper rooting 1 (dro1) in influencing the orientation of the root system, leading to positive changes in grain yields under water-limite ... | 2017 | 28029738 |
| evaluation of host-plant resistance of selected rice genotypes to the rice water weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the rice water weevil, lissorhoptrus oryzophilus kuschel, is the most important insect pest of rice in the united states. management of l. oryzophilus mainly depends upon the use of insecticides due to the lack of effective alternative management tactics. a 3-yr field study was conducted to determine if difference exists among rice genotypes and cultivars of inbred tropical japonica subspecies commercially grown in the southern united states [cocodrie (pi 606331), cl171, and cl151 (pi 654463)] a ... | 2016 | 28028091 |
| bamboo flowering from the perspective of comparative genomics and transcriptomics. | bamboos are an important member of the subfamily bambusoideae, family poaceae. the plant group exhibits wide variation with respect to the timing (1-120 years) and nature (sporadic vs. gregarious) of flowering among species. usually flowering in woody bamboos is synchronous across culms growing over a large area, known as gregarious flowering. in many monocarpic bamboos this is followed by mass death and seed setting. while in sporadic flowering an isolated wild clump may flower, set little or n ... | 2016 | 28018419 |
| regulatory role of osmads34 in the determination of glumes fate, grain yield, and quality in rice. | grasses produce seeds on spikelets, a unique type of inflorescence. despite the importance of grass crops for food, the genetic mechanisms that control spikelet development remain poorly understood. in this study, we used m34-z, a new mutant allele of the rice (oryza sativa) e-class gene osmads34, to examine osmads34 function in determining the identities of glumes (rudimentary glume and sterile lemma) and grain size. in the m34-z mutant, both the rudimentary glume and sterile lemma were homeoti ... | 2016 | 28018389 |
| non-destructive assessment of plant nitrogen parameters using leaf chlorophyll measurements in rice. | non-destructive assessment of plant nitrogen (n) status is essential for efficient crop production and n management in intensive rice (oryza sativa l.) cropping systems. chlorophyll meter (spad-502) has been widely used as a rapid, non-destructive and cost-effective diagnostic tool for in-season assessment of crop n status. the present study was intended to establish the quantitative relationships between chlorophyll meters readings, plant n concentration (pnc), n nutrition index (nni), accumula ... | 2016 | 28018373 |
| dwarf and short grain 1, encoding a putative u-box protein regulates cell division and elongation in rice. | plant hormones coordinate a plant's responses to environmental stimuli and the endogenous developmental programs for cell division and elongation. brassinosteroids are among the most important of these hormones in plant development. recently, the ubiquitin-26s-proteasome system was identified to play a key role in hormone biology. in this study, we analyzed the function of a rice (oryza sativa) gene, dsg1, which encodes a u-box e3 ubiquitin ligase. in the dsg1 mutant (an allelic mutant of tud1), ... | 2017 | 28013174 |
| the ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (osfd-gogat) participates in leaf senescence and the nitrogen remobilization in rice. | ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (fd-gogat, ec 1.4.7.1) plays major roles in photorespiration and primary nitrogen assimilation. however, due to no mutant or knockdown lines of osfd-gogat have been reported in rice (oryza sativa l.), the contribution of osfd-gogat to rice foliar nitrogen metabolism remains little up-to-date. here, we isolated a rice premature leaf senescence mutant named gogat1, which was reduced in 67% of the total gogat enzyme activity in leaves. the gogat1 mutant exhib ... | 2017 | 28012016 |
| varietal differences in the growth responses of rice to an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus under natural upland conditions. | seedlings of three rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties (one indica, arc5955; and two japonica, nipponbare and koshihikari) with or without pre-colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus funneliformis mosseae were transplanted into an upland field and grown to maturity. pre-colonization had no effect on the yield of nipponbare or koshihikari. however, pre-colonized arc5955 exhibited a strong tendency toward increased yield, which was accompanied by increases in the percentage of ripened grain ... | 2017 | 28010164 |
| selenite modulates the level of phenolics and nutrient element to alleviate the toxicity of arsenite in rice (oryza sativa l.). | arsenic (as) contamination of paddy rice is a serious threat all over the world particularly in south east asia. selenium (se) plays important role in protection of plants against various abiotic stresses including heavy metals. moreover, arsenite (asiii) and selenite (seiv) can be biologically antagonistic due to similar electronic configuration and sharing the common transporter for their uptake in plant. in the present study, the response of oxidative stress, phenolic compounds and nutrient e ... | 2017 | 28006731 |
| mycorrhizal colonization status of lowland rice (oryza sativa l.) in the southeastern region of china. | the accumulation, distribution, and speciation of contaminants, such as arsenic, in rice can be affected by soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf). as a potential measure to control contaminant acquisition in rice, the status and performance of amf in the field need to be investigated. root samples of rice plants were collected in seven different cities in guangdong, jiangxi, hubei, and jiangsu provinces in china in order to investigate the colonization rate of amf. the t ... | 2017 | 28004369 |
| reducing phosphorus accumulation in rice grains with an impaired transporter in the node. | phosphorus is an important nutrient for crop productivity. more than 60% of the total phosphorus in cereal crops is finally allocated into the grains and is therefore removed at harvest. this removal accounts for 85% of the phosphorus fertilizers applied to the field each year. however, because humans and non-ruminants such as poultry, swine and fish cannot digest phytate, the major form of phosphorus in the grains, the excreted phosphorus causes eutrophication of waterways. a reduction in phosp ... | 2017 | 28002408 |
| nuclear migration during karyogamy in rice zygotes is mediated by continuous convergence of actin meshwork toward the egg nucleus. | fertilization is comprised of two sequential fusion processes; plasmogamy and karyogamy. karyogamy completes with migration and fusion of the male and female nuclei in the fused cell. in animals, microtubules organized by the centrosome control female/male pronuclei migration. in contrast, the nuclear migration in fused gametes of angiosperms is controlled by actin filaments, but the mechanism that regulates actin filament-dependent nuclear migration is not clear. in this study, we prepared fuse ... | 2017 | 27995374 |
| practical utilization of oryzaexpress and plant omics data center databases to explore gene expression networks in oryza sativa and other plant species. | analysis of a gene expression network (gen), which is constructed based on similarity of gene expression profiles, is a widely used approach to gain clues for new biological insights. the recent abundant availability of transcriptome data in public databases is enabling gen analysis under various experimental conditions, and even comparative gen analysis across species. to provide a platform to gain biological insights from public transcriptome data, valuable databases have been created and main ... | 2017 | 27987174 |