| [detection of bacterial antigens in acute pneumonia: methods of preparing the urine, serum, and pleural fluid samples for immunodiagnostic assays]. | a method of polysaccharide antigen precipitation in urine treated with 1:1 ethanol-acetone solution, followed by heat treatment with 0.1 m edta were developed for detection of s. pneumoniae and h. influenzae type b. counterimmunoelectrophoresis and latex agglutination were employed to detect the antigens, in paired samples of urine and serum, and also in pleural fluid samples from children with clinical diagnosis of acute pneumonia. counterimmunoelectrophoresis and latex agglutination showed bet ... | 1991 | 1843000 |
| [the effect of tienamycin on selected cellular immunologic parameters in mice during the course of viral-bacterial infections of the respiratory system]. | the effect of tienamycin on selected parameters of the immunological system in mice infected with the influenza virus and staphylococcus aureus was studied. tienamycin was administered 24 hours, 2 hours prior the infection and 2 hours after the infection (model i), 24 hours and 48 hours after infecting the mice (model ii). the authors analysed phagocytosis, bactericidal activity of peritoneal exudate cells and the lif release induced by the staphylococcus antigen and the viral antigen by the spl ... | 1991 | 1843648 |
| [bronchial provocation tests using bacterial suspensions in patients with bronchial asthma treated with autologous vaccines]. | in 15 patients with non-atopic bronchial asthma bronchial aspirates were carried out. bacterial strains were isolated from the aspirates and used to produce material for provocation tests andautologous vaccines. bronchoprovocation was carried out twice--before and after treatment with autovaccines. a decrease in bronchial reactivity was seen after treatment with autologous vaccines. the improvement in spirometric indices was accompanied by clinical improvement in 11 out of the 15 treated cases ( ... | 1991 | 1843916 |
| [acute epiglottitis]. | acute epiglottitis caused by haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is seldom described in chile. to reinforce the need to take this severe entity into account in the differential diagnosis of acute upper respiratory tract obstructions, the case of a 9 month old girl is described, who's symptoms were initially attributed to acute laryngitis, but showed not response to racemic epinephrine and betamethasone therapy. the correct diagnosis of acute epiglottitis was suggested five hours after admission ... | 1991 | 1844165 |
| [etiology of lower respiratory infections in hospitalized infants]. | as a contribution to knowledge about the etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (lri) in infants, 235 patients aged one year or less admitted to a children's hospital at northern metropolitan area of santiago, chile along years 1987 throughout 1989 with radiologically confirmed diagnosis were studied. infants were eligible only if their symptoms lasted for not more than five days and their hospital stay was less than two days. controls consisted on 74 healthy infants. a search for presum ... | 1991 | 1844925 |
| a novel approach to insertional mutagenesis of haemophilus influenzae. | insertional mutagenesis of the haemophilus influenzae chromosome was accomplished by a novel method employing a 2.2-kbp element, tste. this element, consisting of the neo gene of tn5 flanked by haemophilus-specific uptake sequences, was ligated to circularized chromosomal fragments before transformation into the homologous strain. eight mutants defective in the production of haemocin were detected. this strategy provides an efficient mechanism for the insertional mutagenesis of h. influenzae. | 1991 | 1847369 |
| characterization and cellular localization of the epithelial na+ channel. studies using an anti-na+ channel antibody raised by an antiidiotypic route. | amiloride-sensitive na+ channels are expressed at the apical membrane of high resistance, na+-transporting epithelial. the specific interaction of amiloride with this transport protein suggested the feasibility of raising anti-na+ channel antibodies by an antiidiotypic approach designed to generate antibodies directed against the amiloride-binding domain on the channel. antiidiotypic monoclonal antibody ra6.3 mimicked the effect of amiloride by inhibiting na+ transport across a6 cell monolayers ... | 1991 | 1847393 |
| production of hepatitis delta virus and suppression of helper hepatitis b virus in a human hepatoma cell line. | the hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is a defective virus with a coat composing of the surface antigen of its helper virus, hepatitis b virus (hbv). replication of hdv in the absence of hbv has been shown in cell cultures by transient transfection of the hdv plasmid. however, the formation and release of hdv virions have not been observed. in this report, a human hepatoma cell line huh-7 was transiently cotransfected with hdv and hbv plasmids. the production of monomeric and multimeric antigenomic rn ... | 1991 | 1847439 |
| atp-dependent partitioning of the dna template into supercoiled domains by escherichia coli uvrab. | the helicase action of the escherichia coli uvrab complex on a covalently closed circular dna template was monitored using bacterial dna topoisomerase i, which specifically removes negative supercoils. in the presence of e. coli dna topoisomerase i and atp, the uvrab complex gradually introduced positive supercoils into the input relaxed plasmid dna template. positive supercoils were not produced when e. coli dna topoisomerase i was replaced by eukaryotic dna topoisomerase i or when both e. coli ... | 1991 | 1847511 |
| interstitial chromosomal deletion within 4q11-q13 in a human hepatoma cell line. | southern blot analysis revealed the presence of an aberrant albumin gene as well as a normal one in a human hepatoma cell line, huh-7. a genomic sequence carrying this altered gene was isolated and characterized. this clone contains a 3-kbp 3' segment of the albumin gene linked to a non-albumin sequence at intron 11. the non-albumin sequence is assigned to chromosome 4q12-q13 by in situ hybridization. this indicates an interstitial deletion of a chromosomal segment within 4q11-q13 because the al ... | 1991 | 1847664 |
| etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in gambian children: i. acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants presenting at the hospital. | ninety infants less than 1 year of age with pneumonia and 43 control infants were investigated for viral and chlamydial infection with the use of culture and serology and for bacterial infection with the use of blood cultures, lung aspirates, antibody assays and antigen detection procedures. one or more potential pathogens were identified in 62 (69%) cases with pneumonia and in 12 (28%) controls. infection by respiratory viruses was identified in 42 (49%) cases and in 8 (19%) controls. respirato ... | 1991 | 1848364 |
| serologic and immunologic responses in chronic fatigue syndrome with emphasis on the epstein-barr virus. | although patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) can be diagnosed by clinical criteria, the lack of specific laboratory criteria delays or prevents the diagnosis and contributes to the quasi-disease status of the syndrome. a resurgence of interest in the syndrome has followed reports suggesting that cfs may be associated with chronic active infection due to the epstein-barr virus. analysis of reports to date shows that the mean titers of antibodies to viral capsid antigen and to early antig ... | 1991 | 1850541 |
| the causes of hospital-treated acute lower respiratory tract infection in children. | to determine the etiologic agents in children with acute lower respiratory infection. | 1991 | 1852095 |
| update: haemophilus influenza, type b (hib) vaccines. | | 1991 | 1852510 |
| towards short course single daily dose ceftriaxone in epiglottitis. | | 1991 | 1852547 |
| electroporation of haemophilus influenzae is effective for transformation of plasmid but not chromosomal dna. | electroporation of plasmid and chromosomal dnas were tested in haemophilus influenzae because of an interest in introducing dna into mutants that are deficient in competence for transformation. the initial experiments were designed to investigate and optimize conditions for electroporation of h. influenzae. plasmid dna was introduced into the competence proficient strain rd and its competence-deficient uptake mutants com-52, com-59, and com-88, and the recombination deficient mutant rec1. plasmi ... | 1991 | 1852608 |
| long term sequelae of childhood acute bacterial meningitis in a developing country. a study from the sudan. | 35 survivors of acute bacterial meningitis (abm) from a group of 44 sudanese children--seen during 18 months (april 1985-november 1986)--were prospectively followed to ascertain the long-term sequelae of the disease. 30 (17 with haemophilus influenzae, 8 neisseria meningitidis, 4 streptococcus pneumoniae and one child with enterobacter cloacae meningitis) could be followed during the surveillance period (3-4 years). three (10%), including 2 with hemiplegia, died after 11-12 months. the associati ... | 1991 | 1853165 |
| non-capsulated haemophilus influenzae in the genital flora of pregnant and post-puerperal women. | non-capsulated haemophilus influenzae may cause neonatal septicaemia. genital carriage of this pathogen was studied in 3 mothers of infected neonates and in 2 pregnant women in the first trimester. a carrier state in 2 of the females was terminated by antibiotic therapy after 3 and 7 months, respectively. a previous carrier had no recurrence of h. influenzae in a subsequent pregnancy. a survey of 544 parturient women revealed a carrier rate of 1.8/1,000 (95% confidence limits: 0.1-11). carriage ... | 1991 | 1853166 |
| a life-threatening sexually transmitted haemophilus influenzae in septic abortion: a case report. | haemophilus influenzae infections of the genitourinary tract are rare. a case of a life-threatening haemophilus influenzae bacteremia associated with a septic abortion is presented. sexual transmission of bacteria after orogenital contact is proposed as a possible source of this uncommon infection. | 1991 | 1853917 |
| in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of a new series of 9-deoxo-12-deoxy-9,12-epoxyerythromycin a derivatives. | analogs of 9-deoxo-12-deoxy-9,12-epoxyerythromycin a with an epimeric hydroxy, amino, or ketone substitution at the 11 position of the macrolide ring and an amino or epimeric hydroxy substitution at the 4" position of the cladinose sugar were synthesized in an attempt to produce acid-stable derivatives of erythromycin with improved bioavailability and activity against gram-negative bacteria. these modifications produced compounds with in vitro activities which were generally similar to that of e ... | 1991 | 1854173 |
| in vitro evaluation of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin. | gr69153 is a c-7 catechol cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mics for 50% of strains tested [mic50s], 0.008 to 0.5 micrograms/ml), staphylococcus aureus (mic50, 4 micrograms/ml), pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic50, 0.25 micrograms/ml), haemophilus influenzae (mic50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), neisseria gonorrhoeae (mic50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), and acinetobacter spp. (mic50, 2 micrograms/ml). potent gr69153 activity was also demonstrated against ... | 1991 | 1854174 |
| photoaffinity labeling of rat type i iodothyronine deiodinase. | the photoreactive compound p-nitrophenyl-2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate (pal) was coupled to [125i]rt3, t4, or t3 and incubated with liver and kidney microsomes of hypo-, hyper-, or euthyroid rats to identify the type i iodothyronine deiodinase. various substrates or inhibitors of the enzyme, including rt3, t4, t3, 6-n-propylthiouracil (ptu), and iopanoic acid, were used as competitors to establish the specificity of protein labeling. the pal derivatization enhanced the behavior of t4 and t3 ... | 1991 | 1855452 |
| antiprogesterone, ru 486, facilitates parturition in cattle. | ru 486, a potent progesterone antagonist with high affinity for progesterone receptor, was used alone or in combination with relaxin in late pregnant cattle to determine its effect on induction of parturition. cross-bred beef cattle were bred by artificial insemination. an indwelling cannula was inserted into a jugular vein on day 269 (expected term = day 283) for repeated blood sample collection. on day 277, the cattle were assigned randomly to three groups (n = 6 each): group 1 received ru 486 ... | 1991 | 1855474 |
| quantitative study of striate single unit responses in monkeys performing an orientation discrimination task. | contour orientation discrimination accuracy is determined by the orientation bandwidth, response variance and response strength of single units that code for orientation. we measured the latter three properties for v1 cells of monkeys which were performing an orientation discrimination of the grating stimulating the cell under study. we recorded from 285 cells, of which 76% responded to the grating. the orientation bandwidth, measured as full width at half height of the tuning curve, varied over ... | 1991 | 1855551 |
| [new osmotic additives to culture media for corneal preservation]. | we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid, molecular weight 250,000 and 500,000 as an osmotic additive to corneal preservation media. porcine corneal specimens were incubated in organ culture for 8 days, followed by endothelial cell count and ultrasonic pachymetry. the preservation medium mem-earle with 2% fcs contained either no additives, 6% dextrane, mw 500,000 2% chondroitin sulfate, 1% hyaluronic acid mw 250,000, or 1% hyaluronic acid, mw 500,000. whereas corneal thickness was estimated ... | 1991 | 1855724 |
| [new osmotic additives to culture media for corneal preservation]. | we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid, molecular weight 250,000 and 500,000 as an osmotic additive to corneal preservation media. porcine corneal specimens were incubated in organ culture for 8 days, followed by endothelial cell count and ultrasonic pachymetry. the preservation medium mem-earle with 2% fcs contained either no additives, 6% dextrane, mw 500,000 2% chondroitin sulfate, 1% hyaluronic acid mw 250,000, or 1% hyaluronic acid, mw 500,000. whereas corneal thickness was estimated ... | 1991 | 1855724 |
| role of nitrosamides in the high risk for gastric cancer in china. | gastric cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in china. samples of fish sauce, a traditional seasoning, were collected in the high-risk area for gastric cancer in the fuzhou area, fujian province. when fish sauce samples were nitrosated at ph 2.0, direct mutagenicity and high contents of n-nitrosamide were detected (30.9-78.0 microm); the n-nitrosamide content of three samples of fish sauce made in guangdong and purchased from a market outside fujian were low (2.1-6.0 microns). when t ... | 1991 | 1855840 |
| nitrotyrosine as a new marker for endogenous nitrosation and nitration. | a sensitive and selective method has been developed for analysing 3-nitrotyrosine (nttyr), an exposure marker for exogenous and endogenous nitrosating or nitrating agents, in tissue and blood proteins by gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis. using this method, a number of kinetic studies were carried out. free and protein-bound tyrosine were reacted easily to yield nttyr. the method was also applied to the study of nttyr formation in vivo; a dose-dependent increase in nttyr was seen in bot ... | 1991 | 1855894 |
| antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of betel leaf extract against the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(n-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk). | earlier studies showed that betel leaf inhibits the mutagenic action of standard mutagens like benzo[a]pyrene and dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. since tobacco-specific nitrosamines are the major carcinogens present in unburnt forms of tobacco, we studied the effect of an extract of betel leaf on the mutagenic and carcinogenic actions of one of the most potent, 4-(n-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk). betel-leaf extract and hydroxychavicol suppressed the mutagenicity of nnk in both th ... | 1991 | 1855909 |
| cloning, genetic analysis, and nucleotide sequence of a determinant coding for a 19-kilodalton peptidoglycan-associated protein (ppl) of legionella pneumophila. | a genomic library of legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of legionnaires disease in humans, was constructed in escherichia coli k-12, and the recombinant clones were screened by immuno-colony blots with an antiserum raised against heat-killed l. pneumophila. twenty-three clones coding for a legionella-specific protein of 19 kda were isolated. the 19-kda protein, which represents an outer membrane protein, was found to be associated with the peptidoglycan layer both in l. pneumophila and ... | 1991 | 1855972 |
| role of lipooligosaccharides in experimental dermal lesions caused by haemophilus ducreyi. | the mouse and rabbit intradermal injection models have been used to define factors that may be important in haemophilus ducreyi pathogenesis. we used h. ducreyi strains with diverse geographic origins and phenotypic characteristics to evaluate the experimental models. injection of live and heat-killed bacteria caused skin abscesses in both models. semiquantitative cultures of skin injected with live bacteria showed that h. ducreyi failed to replicate in animal tissue. these data suggested that t ... | 1991 | 1855979 |
| identification of two genes, kpsm and kpst, in region 3 of the polysialic acid gene cluster of escherichia coli k1. | the polysialic acid capsule of escherichia coli k1, a causative agent of neonatal septicemia and meningitis, is an essential virulence determinant. the 17-kb kps gene cluster, which is divided into three functionally distinct regions, encodes proteins necessary for polymer synthesis and expression at the cell surface. the central region, 2, encodes products required for synthesis, activation, and polymerization of sialic acid, while flanking regions, 1 and 3, are thought to be involved in polyme ... | 1991 | 1856162 |
| sequence and transcriptional regulation of com101a, a locus required for genetic transformation in haemophilus influenzae. | a 2.8-kb ecori-bglii fragment cloned from the wild-type haemophilus influenzae rd chromosome is shown to increase the transformability of the com-101 mutant through trans complementation. deletion and sequence analyses indicate that the active region of the clone carries a 687-bp open reading frame. a 0.3-kb insertion in the corresponding ecori-bglii fragment of the com-101 chromosome is shown to be a partial (331-bp) duplication of this open reading frame. the wild-type sequence produces a pept ... | 1991 | 1856167 |
| detection of experimental haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia and endotoxemia by means of an immunolimulus assay. | the rapid quantitation of bacteria in blood was achieved by using a novel assay method for gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin, lps). the assay involves the capture of specific lps onto microtiter plates by means of monoclonal antibodies directed against the oligosaccharide region of the lps, followed by detection of the bound lps by a chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate (lal) system. this immunolimulus (iml) assay combines the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the sen ... | 1991 | 1856484 |
| expression and purification of recombinant insulin-like growth factors from escherichia coli. | | 1991 | 1857223 |
| alpha-terthienyl photosensitizes damage to pbr322 dna. | alpha-terthienyl photosensitizes single strand breaks in pbr322 dna. almost identical results were observed under oxygen and under argon. in the presence of oxygen, this dna nicking was enhanced by histidine and was not affected by superoxide dismutase, catalase, or the antioxidant bht. although chemical damage to dna treated with alpha-terthienyl plus near-uv was clearly demonstrated in vitro, transformation in e. coli with this damaged pbr322 dna still took place. likewise, haemophilus influen ... | 1991 | 1857740 |
| [incidence and prognostic significance of positive blood cultures in neonatal and pediatric intensive care]. | the incidence and prognostic importance of positive blood cultures were evaluated over a two-year period (1986/87) in 1371 admissions to a multi-disciplinary neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit (icu). blood cultures were performed in 439 patients of which 80 cultures were positive. septicemia was confirmed in 70 cases, the 10 remaining cases being classified as contamination or bacteremia. the incidence of nosocomial, icu-acquired septicemia was low (7/70). the major causative organisms o ... | 1991 | 1857944 |
| [active and passive immunization: 1991 status]. | contrary to the regular immunization schedule for children, the majority of immunization are done in adulthood in case of special risks only, such as old age, chronic illness or exposure. the protection against a variety of communicable diseases has to be monitored and if necessary to be boosted regularly. based on the routine vaccination scheme 1991 of the federal department of public health, the following vaccinations which are commercially available in switzerland are discussed in this review ... | 1991 | 1858065 |
| calcium and phosphorus deficiencies affect mineral distribution in neonatal miniature piglets. | current efforts to monitor the mineral status of preterm infants fed human milk may not provide sufficient information on the distribution of body minerals. to investigate the body distribution of calcium and phosphorus during various degrees of mineral deficiency, neonatal miniature piglets were raised for 2 wk on diets differing only in calcium and phosphorus. groups a, b, and c were fed 100%, 60%, and 20%, respectively, of the recommended amounts of calcium and phosphorus that, when adjusted ... | 1991 | 1858706 |
| immunization response varies with intensity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy. | twenty-four children receiving maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia were given booster doses of tetanus-diphtheria combined toxoids. one month later, 19 of the 24 children were given haemophilus influenzae b oligosaccharide-cross-reacting material conjugate vaccine. following immunization, all patients had protective antibody titers against tetanus, 92% had protective antidiphtheria titers, and 84% had protective titers against h influenzae. preimmunization titers, postimmun ... | 1991 | 1858726 |
| response of 7- to 15-month-old infants to sequential immunization with haemophilus influenzae type b-crm197 conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines. | to evaluate the immunologic potential of infants 7 to 15 months of age to respond to haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine following immunization with h influenzae b oligosaccharide-crm197 conjugate vaccine. | 1991 | 1858727 |
| reduction in the incidence of acute bronchitis by an oral haemophilus influenzae vaccine in patients with chronic bronchitis in the highlands of papua new guinea. | following the administration of a standardized questionnaire, 62 adult patients with chronic bronchitis were enrolled into a double-blind controlled trial of an oral killed haemophilus influenzae vaccine in the highlands of papua new guinea. a 3-day course of vaccine or placebo was given monthly for 3 consecutive months. participants were monitored weekly over 12 months for acute exacerbations; early morning sputum specimens were collected monthly and during acute exacerbations. density of colon ... | 1991 | 1859055 |
| acute abdomen as the first presentation of pseudomembranous colitis. | acute abdomen was the presenting manifestation of pseudomembranous colitis in six men who had previously been treated with antibiotics and presented with abdominal distention, pain, fever, and leukocytosis with absent or mild diarrhea. plain abdominal radiographs revealed megacolon in two, combined small and large bowel dilation in three, with one of them showing volvuluslike pattern, and isolated small bowel ileus in one. emergency colonoscopy was performed successfully in all patients and reve ... | 1991 | 1860633 |
| community-acquired pneumonia: the clinical dilemma. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is the sixth most common cause of death in the united states. despite its frequency and mortality, specific etiologic diagnosis remains a major clinical challenge. the organisms most commonly implicated in cap are streptococcus pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila, haemophilus influenzae, chlamydia pneumoniae (twar), and viruses. clinical and radiographic criteria have proven to be of little value in determining the etiology of cap. laborat ... | 1991 | 1861271 |
| pharmacotherapy of otitis media. | the clinical manifestations of acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion are the result of abnormal eustachian tube function most often caused by inflammation from infection or allergy. the majority of cases involve bacterial infection of the middle ear caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, or branhamella catarrhalis. nearly half of all children will have had at least one episode of acute otitis media by 1 year of age, and over 70% by 3 years of age. the signs and s ... | 1991 | 1862012 |
| a short history of occupational fitness and health promotion. | the suggestion of a linkage between adequate exercise and occupational health dates back to ramazzini's classical observations on cobblers and tailors. however, excessive hours of work at too high an intensity were of greater concern than increase of fitness or health promotion in the early phases of the industrial revolution. loss of physical condition is a more recent phenomenon, and it can be traced to automation in industry and the home, progressive urbanization, and widespread use of the au ... | 1991 | 1862064 |
| epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children of developing countries. | acute respiratory infections cause four and a half million deaths among children every year, the overwhelming majority occurring in developing countries. pneumonia unassociated with measles causes 70% of these deaths; post-measles pneumonia, 15%; pertussis, 10%; and bronchiolitis and croup syndromes, 5%. both bacterial and viral pathogens are responsible for these deaths. the most important bacterial agents are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and staphylococcus aureus. the data ... | 1991 | 1862276 |
| etiology of acute respiratory infections in children in tropical southern india. | nasopharyngeal secretions and throat-swab specimens from 809 children less than 6 years old with acute respiratory infection were examined by culture and indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of virus or viral antigen. blood was cultured for the presence of bacteria in selected cases of lower respiratory infection (lri); pleural fluid also was cultured in cases of empyema. viruses were detected in 163 (49%) of 331 children with lri. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was the commonest agen ... | 1991 | 1862277 |
| the role of haemophilus influenzae in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. | haemophilus influenzae, one of the bacteria comprising the commensal flora of the human upper respiratory tract, is also pathogenic and causes both localized and invasive (septicemic) infections. the major focus of attention and research has been on infections caused by serotype b organisms, which cause several life-threatening illnesses in children, including meningitis and acute respiratory infection (ari; e.g., epiglottitis, pneumonia). type b polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines are at ... | 1991 | 1862281 |
| haemophilus influenzae disease and immunization in developing countries. | haemophilus influenzae is one of the leading causes of severe bacterial infection in children of developing regions, causing 30% of the cases of culture-positive pneumonia and 20%-60% of the cases of bacterial meningitis. in infants and children, the majority of isolates from cerebrospinal fluid and blood and 16%-38% of pulmonary isolates are h. influenzae type b. the availability of several new polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines for the prevention of invasive disease due to h. influenzae ... | 1991 | 1862284 |
| control of acute lower respiratory illness in the developing world: an assessment of vaccine intervention. | the major bacterial and viral causes of morbidity and death due to acute lower respiratory infection (alri) in the developing world are amenable to control by vaccines. initially, full use of measles, pertussis, and diphtheria vaccines, in appropriately scheduled programs, can make an immediate contribution to the reduction of severe respiratory infection. emerging technologies offer the promise of vaccines against bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens that are suitable for infants and child ... | 1991 | 1862286 |
| erythropoietin responsive progenitors in anaemia of prematurity. | circulating erythroid progenitors (bfu-e) in five anaemic preterm infants (haemoglobin less than 100 g/l) were about 2 and 4.4 times as abundant as in 10 preterm infants who were not anaemic and five healthy adults, respectively, and were significantly more responsive to low concentrations of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuepo) than those from healthy adults. these results encourage further studies in the use of rhuepo for the treatment of the anaemia of prematurity. | 1991 | 1863130 |
| [use of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for bacterial population genetics, classification and molecular epidemiology]. | | 1991 | 1863952 |
| potential role of fluoroquinolones in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. | the search for new antimicrobial agents in the treatment of bacterial meningitis is justified by a rate of mortality that currently remains unacceptably high and by the emergence of bacterial resistance. because of their excellent in vitro activity against gram-negative organisms and good penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid, the new fluoroquinolones may have a potential role in the treatment of central nervous system (cns) infections. although there are few reports on the use of fluoroquino ... | 1991 | 1864289 |
| common variable hypogammaglobulinemia presenting as nontypable haemophilus influenzae septic arthritis in an adult. | haemophilus influenzae is a rare cause of septic arthritis in adults. we describe a case of septic arthritis with nontypable haemophilus influenzae presenting as the first invasive infection leading to a diagnosis of common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. although nontypable strains have been shown to cause serious infections in adults, they are a rare cause of septic arthritis. underlying immune deficiency should be considered in an adult who presents with invasive infection with haemophilus in ... | 1991 | 1865431 |
| [splenic infarction as a cause of suppurative peritonitis and septicemia]. | | 1991 | 1865668 |
| [splenic infarction as a cause of suppurative peritonitis and septicemia]. | | 1991 | 1865668 |
| [free interpretations of facts on the hiv epidemic among drug addicts]. | | 1991 | 1865715 |
| rat liver outer mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity towards long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and their coa esters. | the activity of the overt form of rat liver mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase or cpt0 (ec 2.3.1.21) towards different fatty acid substrates was studied. the following non-esterified fatty acids (nefa) and their coa esters in the presence of 1% bovine serum albumin (bsa) were tested: 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3 omega 3, 20:4, 20:5 omega 3 and 22:6 omega 3. the data fit a square hyperbolic model for enzyme catalysis (p less than 0.001, non-linear regression). asymptotic vmax and k0.5, ... | 1991 | 1865762 |
| [fluid accumulation in the pericardium in children]. | | 1991 | 1865940 |
| neonatal exposure to therapeutic caffeine alters the ontogeny of adenosine a1 receptors in brain of rats. | caffeine is a methylxanthine, commonly used in the premature neonate to treat apnea of prematurity. it is efficacious and appears to have few short-term side effects. an animal model, designed to mimic the developmental period in brain and level and duration of exposure in humans, was used to investigate possible long-term effects of early developmental exposure to caffeine on the ontogeny of the adenosine receptor to which caffeine binds. specific binding at the adenosine a1 receptor, in five d ... | 1991 | 1865995 |
| neonatal exposure to therapeutic caffeine alters the ontogeny of adenosine a1 receptors in brain of rats. | caffeine is a methylxanthine, commonly used in the premature neonate to treat apnea of prematurity. it is efficacious and appears to have few short-term side effects. an animal model, designed to mimic the developmental period in brain and level and duration of exposure in humans, was used to investigate possible long-term effects of early developmental exposure to caffeine on the ontogeny of the adenosine receptor to which caffeine binds. specific binding at the adenosine a1 receptor, in five d ... | 1991 | 1865995 |
| [the cytochemical marking of lymphocyte subpopulations in determining the immunoreactivity status of children vaccinated with a live measles vaccine]. | in 54 children aged 1.5-2 years, immunized with the same batch of live measles vaccine prepared from strain, the relative and absolute numbers of different lymphocyte subpopulations were determined in parallel by means of two cytochemical reactions: for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase in their dynamics. according to the data obtained in these reactions, the determination of lymphocyte subpopulations by two cytochemical methods in the same blood sample yielded similar re ... | 1991 | 1867034 |
| effects of lingual nerve and chewing cortex stimulation upon activity of the swallowing neurons located in the region of the hypoglossal motor nucleus. | this study focuses on motoneurons and interneurons in the region of the hypoglossal nucleus (xiith) related to swallowing and chewing. in sheep anesthetized with halothane, we have used extracellular microelectrodes to study the effects of stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (sln), the lingual nerve (ln) and the chewing cortex (ccx) upon activities of the swallowing neurons (sns). ipsilateral stimulation (1-5 pulses at 500 hz) of the peripheral afferents or ccx did not generally induce a ... | 1991 | 1868328 |
| paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis with abnormal electroencephalogram during attacks. | an 18-year-old man with paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (pkc) showed rhythmic electroencephalographic (eeg) discharges of 5-hz spikes over the entire scalp during episodes. the eeg findings in this case suggest that pkc may have an epileptogenic basis. | 1991 | 1868806 |
| immunologic reactivity in the middle ear in otitis media with effusion. | this article reviews the immunologic reactivity in the middle ear in both the human disease and in animal models of otitis media. it differentiates the role of immune complexes in otitis media in the animal model and in the human form of middle ear inflammation. the effect of immunization of the gut on the mucosal immune system in the middle ear is briefly explored, and the source of lymphocytes that make their way into the middle ear mucosa from other parts of the mucosal immune system and syst ... | 1991 | 1870878 |
| secretory iga- and igg-coated bacteria in chronically discharging ears. | siga- and igg-coated bacteria obtained from 17 discharging middle ears (14 patients, 9 male, 5 female, age range from 1 to 79 years) were evaluated using an immunofluorescence assay. simultaneously, quantitative and qualitative bacteriological analyses of the middle ear effusions (mees) were performed. mees containing staphylococcus aureus harboured bacteria which were intensely coated with both siga and igg antibodies. in contrast, mees containing pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed minimal, if an ... | 1991 | 1875130 |
| [characterization of haemophilus influenzae's resistance to ampicillin]. | the resistance of haemophilus influenzae to ampicillin is nearly always dependent on plasmid-mediated betalactamase production. the betalactamase type most frequently identified was tem-1; type rob has occasionally been identified. the presence of plasmid-mediated betalactamase has been studied in h. influenzae strains moderately susceptible or resistant to ampicillin. | 1991 | 1875749 |
| fluoxetine pretreatment reduces breaking points on a progressive ratio schedule reinforced by intravenous cocaine self-administration in the rat. | fluoxetine, a specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, reduced the breaking points reached by rats on a progressive ratio (pr) schedule reinforced by intravenous cocaine (0.6 mg/inj). this effect was dose-dependent. specifically, fluoxetine (2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg/kg, ip) significantly decreased breaking points at all but the lowest dose. these data support a role for the serotonergic system in cocaine reinforcement. we argue that facilitating serotonergic activity reduces the rewarding valu ... | 1991 | 1875791 |
| bacterial meningitis in children under five years of age in western australia. | to describe the epidemiology and the associated mortality and serious neurological sequelae of bacterial meningitis in children under five years of age in western australia, and to consider the potential impact of a haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine on this group of children. | 1991 | 1875809 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b cellulitis. | five cases of cellulitis due to h influenzae type b in children are described. cellulitis due to h influenzae type b should be treated in hospital using parenteral antibiotics in appropriate dosage to cross the blood brain barrier; it is recommended a lumbar puncture is performed in all cases of cellulitis in under two year olds, both to exclude meningitis and to allow the giving of steroids immediately prior to starting the first dose of antibiotics. index cases and close contacts should be off ... | 1991 | 1876338 |
| chemoprophylaxis for haemophilus influenzae type b. | | 1991 | 1878054 |
| historic aspects of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. | the earliest preparations of immunoglobulins (ig) decreased the susceptibility of agammaglobulinemic patients to infections caused by pneumococci, haemophilus influenzae, meningococci, streptococci, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. intramuscular administration of such preparations was painful and traumatic, especially for children. ethanol-fractionated ig could not be administered intravenously (iv) because the igg molecules tended to aggregate and thus were more likely to produce anaphylactoid react ... | 1991 | 1878838 |
| [effects of cefixime and cefaclor on pharyngeal flora in children]. | influences of cefixime and cefaclor, oral antibiotics, were studied in 50 children (age range, 11 months to 13 years) with pharyngitis. daily doses of cefixime were 6 to 10 mg/kg in 25 children and those of cefaclor were 40 to 50 mg/kg in 25 children. pharyngeal swabs were taken before and after 3 to 7 days of the antibiotic treatment. pathogenic organisms, such as streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae, were isolated in 14 children before and in 1 child afte ... | 1991 | 1880444 |
| [bacteriological and clinical studies of cefodizime in pediatrics]. | bacteriological and clinical studies on cefodizime (cdzm, thr-221), a new cephem developed by hoechst ag and roussel uclaf, were carried out and the results are summarized below: 1. against gram-positive bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae, antibacterial activities of cdzm were similar to those of cefotaxime (ctx), cefazolin, cefotiam and piperacillin. against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and serratia sp., antibacterial activities of cd ... | 1991 | 1880919 |
| [bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpirome in the field of pediatrics]. | bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpirome (cpr, hr 810), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. the results obtained are summarized below. 1. antibacterial activities of cpr against clinically isolated strains of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae were superior to those of ceftazidime ... | 1991 | 1880922 |
| [clinical evaluation of cefpirome in pediatrics and a study on the penetration into cerebrospinal fluid]. | cefpirome (cpr, hr 810), a new cephem antibiotic, was investigated for its penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (csf), and its clinical efficacy against bacterial infections. 1. csf concentrations of cpr following intravenous injection was investigated in 2 patients with purulent meningitis. in one of them, the concentrations were 2.11 micrograms/ml and 1.31 micrograms/ml on 3 and 8 days, respectively, after start of administration. in the other patient, they were 24.2 micrograms/ml, and 1.35 mi ... | 1991 | 1880927 |
| [combined antibacterial activity of aztreonam and clindamycin against clinically isolated strains]. | it has been reported in some studies that the combination of aztreonam (azt) and clindamycin (cldm) have high clinical effectiveness in the treatment of intractable infections. we, therefore, studied combined in vitro antibacterial activity of these 2 compounds using many freshly isolated strains. 1. azt and cldm in combination had synergistic effects on staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae, which are sensitive or quasi-sensitive ... | 1991 | 1880932 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of invasive haemophilus influenzae type b isolates in denmark in 1988 and 1989. | a system for surveillance of invasive haemophilus influenzae type b infections in denmark yielded 135 strains isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid from august 1988 through december 1989. the susceptibility of the strains to 7 antibiotics was investigated by an agar dilution method. ceftriaxone was found to be the most active drug followed by cefotaxime, ceftazidime, rifampicin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, and chloramphenicol. except for ampicillin the mics for the individual antibiotics were s ... | 1991 | 1882199 |
| cathepsin b and l activities in isolated osteoclasts. | cathepsin b and l activities were examined with chicken osteoclasts isolated by sequential filtration and inhibitors were added to disaggregated rat osteoclasts on cortical bovine bone. z-phe-phe-chn2, a selective inhibitor of cathepsin l, at 1, 5, and 10 microm, inhibited bone resorption by rat osteoclasts 50, 85, and 100 per cent and, in chicken osteoclasts, cathepsin l activity was comparably inhibited. cathepsin l in avian osteoclasts was also 25-fold higher than cathepsin b. chicken osteocl ... | 1991 | 1883385 |
| haemophilus influenzae septicaemia in the neonate: report of two cases and review of the english literature. | two neonates with early onset respiratory illness were found to have haemophilus influenzae septicaemia. one of them died. a review of the english literature showed that haemophilus influenzae septicaemia is increasing in incidence. almost all cases presented with respiratory distress in the first 2 days. other associated features included meningitis, arthritis, conjunctivitis and cellulitis. the mortality, which averaged 52%, was high, especially in premature babies. the septicaemia was caused ... | 1991 | 1883649 |
| cystic fibrosis. infection and immunity to staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae. | | 1991 | 1884329 |
| once-daily ceftriaxone in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. | we conducted a retrospective clinical evaluation to assess the efficacy of a 1-gram once-daily regimen of intravenously administered ceftriaxone in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections. of the 250 patients studied, 167 had infections of the lower respiratory tract, approximately 70% of which were diagnosed as community-acquired pneumonias. the principal identified pathogens were staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae. forty per cent of community-acquired pneumonias occurr ... | 1991 | 1884650 |
| in vitro cytotoxicity of haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharides for bovine aortal endothelial cells. | the cytotoxicity of purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) from a prototype haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) strain (eagan) and three transformants, differing in their lps phenotype, for bovine aortal endothelial cells (baoec) was investigated. all lps preparations caused cell disruption and release of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), an indicator of cytotoxicity, from baoec monolayers but to differing extents. there was no correlation between the cytotoxicity of purified hib lps to baoec monolayers a ... | 1991 | 1884991 |
| acetylcholinesterase from schistosoma mansoni: immunological characterization. | the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (ache) is present in the trematode schistosoma mansoni, which infects humans and causes a severe disease called schistosomiasis or bilharzia. we have purified this enzyme and raised polyclonal antibodies against it. the specificity of these antibodies against the schistosome enzyme was demonstrated by their capacity to precipitate exclusively ache activity from cercariae extract and to recognize the 8s molecular form of the parasite's ache. on the other hand, they ... | 1991 | 1885212 |
| antibacterial activity of lomefloxacin. | lomefloxacin has marked activity against gram-negative bacilli including enterobacteriaceae, non-fermenting strains and haemophilus influenzae with 98% of all isolates tested having mics of 0.25 mg/l or less. sixty-eight per cent of pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were sensitive to 1 mg/l with a few strains resistant to 8 or 16 mg/l. gram-positive cocci were more resistant, particularly streptococci, where the mics vary between 1 and 8 mg/l. bactericidal activity was similar to inhibitory activit ... | 1991 | 1885417 |
| the protein sequence responsible for lipoprotein membrane localization in escherichia coli exhibits remarkable specificity. | structural information defining an n-terminal sequence required for the membrane sorting of bacterial lipoproteins has been previously garnered through the study of a hybrid outer membrane (om) lipo-beta-lactamase (ll) (ghrayeb and inouye (1984) j. biol. chem. 259, 463-467). introduction of an aspartate as the second residue of mature ll (d2 mutant) causes an inner membrane (im) localization of this protein (yamaguchi, k., yu, f., and inouye, m. (1988) cell 53, 423-432). introduction of as aspar ... | 1991 | 1885579 |
| horn fly (diptera: muscidae) insecticide resistance in kentucky and arkansas. | the effect of previous insecticide use patterns for horn fly control on the susceptibility spectrum of horn fly (haematobia irritans [l.]) populations from kentucky and arkansas is described. populations of horn flies from both states were tested with three pyrethroids (cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, and permethrin), three organophosphates (diazinon, pirimiphos methyl, and tetrachlorvinphos), and a chlorinated hydrocarbon (methoxychlor). dose-mortality data indicated insecticide resistance in arkans ... | 1991 | 1885841 |
| [laboratory and clinical studies on cefpirome in pediatrics]. | cefpirome (hr 810, cpr), a new cephem antibiotic, was investigated for its experimental and clinical studies in pediatrics. the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. plasma and urinary levels of cpr were determined in 2 children (age 5 and 7 years) after the one shot intravenous injection of the drug at 20 mg/kg. average plasma levels of the drug were 44.7 micrograms/ml, 28.5 micrograms/ml, 10.5 micrograms/ml, 4.6 micrograms/ml and 1.5 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours ... | 1991 | 1886201 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1988)]. | isolated bacteria from respiratory infectious diseases were collected in cooperation with institutions located throughout japan, since 1981, and ikemoto et al. have been examining sensitivities of the isolates to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, relationships between the isolates and the backgrounds of the patients and so forth each year. we report here the research results for the year 1988. in 18 institutions around the entire japan from october 1988 to september 1989, 554 strains ... | 1991 | 1886202 |
| infectious diseases associated with complement deficiencies. | the complement system consists of both plasma and membrane proteins. the former influence the inflammatory response, immune modulation, and host defense. the latter are complement receptors, which mediate the cellular effects of complement activation, and regulatory proteins, which protect host cells from complement-mediated injury. complement activation occurs via either the classical or the alternative pathway, which converge at the level of c3 and share a sequence of terminal components. four ... | 1991 | 1889047 |
| in vitro antibacterial activities of the fluoroquinolones pd 117596, pd 124816, and pd 127391. | three new aminopyrrolidine-substituted fluorocyclopropyl quinolones--pd 117596, pd 124816, and pd 127391--were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against 349 bacterial strains, which are primarily clinical isolates. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) in micrograms/ml required for greater than or equal to 90% of strains were 0.03-0.06 for staphylococci (26 strains); 0.06-0.25 for streptococcus pyogenes, s. agalactiae, s. pneumoniae, and enterococcus faecalis (80); less than or eq ... | 1991 | 1889177 |
| antimicrobial activity of e-1040, a novel thiadiazolyl cephalosporin compared with other parenteral cephems. | e-1040, a new parenteral fourth-generation cephalosporin, was tested against greater than 600 bacteremic pathogens and compared with cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefpirome. e-1040 activity against staphylococcus aureus was comparable (mic90, 8 micrograms/ml) to ceftazidime, but inferior to cefotaxime (mic90, 2 micrograms/ml) and cefpirome (mic90, 0.5 microgram/ml). beta-hemolytic streptococci and most gram-positive anaerobes were also susceptible to e-1040. some strains of coagulase-negative sta ... | 1991 | 1889181 |
| antibacterial activity of rokitamycin compared with that of other macrolides. | the activity of rokitamycin, a 16-membered macrolide, was compared with other macrolides and agents used to treat respiratory infections. rokitamycin had in vitro activity against streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae comparable to the other macrolides, inhibiting most organisms at less than 0.03 to 0.5 microgram/ml. it was the most active macrolide agent against staphylococcus aureus, inhibiting 90% at 1 microgram/ml. macrolide-resistant streptococci and staphylococci in which resistance wa ... | 1991 | 1889182 |
| in vitro activity of lomefloxacin, a difluorinated quinolone, compared with other antimicrobials. | a total of 3,144 clinical isolates from 3,011 consecutive patients were tested against lomefloxacin by the agar dilution method. they consisted of 1,380 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 527 pseudomonads, 47 haemophilus influenzae, 53 acinetobacter, 42 brucella melitensis, 903 staphylococci and 192 strains of enterococci. in vitro activity of lomefloxacin was compared with ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, beta-lactams and aminoglycosides. over 98% of enterobacteriaceae were susceptible to lomefloxacin ... | 1991 | 1889304 |
| resistance to trimethoprim in haemophilus influenzae. | the mechanisms of resistance to trimethoprim in eleven u.k. clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae were studied. the levels of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) activities in crude extracts from four resistant wild-types were similar to those in susceptible controls. however, activities in extracts from the other seven resistant wild-type isolates, and transformants of two of these, were at least triple those in the sensitive strains. resistance to trimethoprim was also selected for in vitro d ... | 1991 | 1889872 |
| the use of genomic dna fingerprinting in studies of the epidemiology of bacteria in periodontitis. | recent studies of microbial epidemiology emphasizing the genetic organization and distribution of organisms associated with orofacial infections have led to new insights into the possible origins of pathogenicity. studies into genetic heterogeneity, acquisition and transmission of these organisms have been markedly advanced by the utilization of the powerful technique of genomic dna fingerprinting. characteristic fingerprints for each bacterial isolate can be produced by cleavage of high molecul ... | 1991 | 1890219 |
| early-onset hemophilus influenzae sepsis in the neonate. | hemophilus influenzae sepsis has been increasingly reported in recent years. thirteen neonates have been treated in our institution in the past 8 years, 12 of whom were admitted within the last 4 years. h influenzae is responsible for 8% of neonatal sepsis occurring during the first 3 days of life. it is usually transmitted before or at the time of birth and is more frequently encountered in premature and low birthweight infants. it is strongly associated with maternal obstetric complications pa ... | 1991 | 1890470 |
| in vitro induction of igg1 and igg2 secretion by b cells of children who developed invasive haemophilus disease despite vaccination. | lymphocytes from seven patients who developed haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) disease after being vaccinated with hib polysaccharide vaccine and from one patient who developed disease after conjugate vaccination were investigated for the ability to secrete igg1 and igg2, in vitro, in response to a combination of pokeweed and staphylococcus aureus cowan i mitogens. the eight patients were selected because they had low anticapsular antibody responses to hib disease. only one of the eight child ... | 1991 | 1891277 |
| antigenuria after immunization with haemophilus influenzae oligosaccharide crm197 conjugate (hboc) vaccine. | we tested the urine of 30 infants 6 weeks to 7 months of age after they received standard 10-micrograms (0.5-ml) doses of hboc (hibtiter) haemophilus influenzae b (hib) conjugate vaccine for the presence of hib antigenuria using a commercially available latex particle agglutination assay (directigen). urines were collected within 1 hour, from 1 to 3 hours, at 24 hours and at 3, 6 and 9 days after vaccine administration and reactions were quantitated from 0 to 3+. in contrast to previous studies ... | 1991 | 1891285 |