| viral load of episomal and integrated forms of human papillomavirus type 33 in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix. | the association between total and integrated hpv-33 dna loads and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (hsil) of the uterine cervix was investigated. of 5,347 women recruited in 4 studies, 89 (64 without sil, 7 low-grade sil (lsil), 15 hsil, 3 unknown grade) were infected by hpv-33. hpv-33 e6, hpv-33 e2 and beta-globin dna were measured with real-time pcr that allowed to assess total (e6), episomal (e2) and integrated (e6-e2) hpv-33 viral loads. hpv-33 e6/e2 ratios >/=>/=2.0 suggesting th ... | 2007 | 17708553 |
| b subunit of shiga toxin-based vaccines synergize with alpha-galactosylceramide to break tolerance against self antigen and elicit antiviral immunity. | the nontoxic b subunit of shiga toxin (stxb) targets in vivo ag to dendritic cells that preferentially express the glycolipid gb(3) receptor. after administration of stxb chemically coupled to ova (stxb-ova) or e7, a polypeptide derived from hpv, in mice, we showed that the addition of alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-galcer) resulted in a dramatic improvement of the stxb ag delivery system, as reflected by the more powerful and longer lasting cd8(+) t cell response observed even at very low dose ... | 2007 | 17709554 |
| the human papillomavirus vaccine and its relevance in israel. | | 2007 | 17710788 |
| urine versus brushed samples in human papillomavirus screening: study in both genders. | to investigate whether urine is a good medium for screening and whether there is a correlation between the amount of extracted dna and human papillomavirus (hpv)-positivity. | 2007 | 17712490 |
| recurrence in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: human papillomavirus and other risk factors. | the results confirm that tumour stage influences the risk of recurrence/second primary tumour (spt). high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv)-infected patients have a significantly higher risk of recurrence/spt compared with high-risk hpv-negative patients. high alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk of recurrence/spt. in this study, the competing risk of death in intercurrent disease (dicd) was given special consideration. | 2007 | 17712679 |
| age at first intercourse and hpv immunization. | the licence of the first human papillomavirus vaccine (hpv) has important implications for the most appropriate age for a mandatory immunization. in this paper data taken from a recent study show that more than 10% of the italian women report having already had a sexual intercourse by the age of 15. there is thus sufficient evidence to recommend administration of the hpv vaccine to all girls by the age of 12. | 2007 | 17713135 |
| high-risk cervical epithelial neoplasia grade 1 treated by loop electrosurgical excision: follow-up and value of hpv testing. | this study was undertaken to evaluate the value of high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) testing in the follow-up of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1/low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion treated by loop electrosurgical excision procedure because of the risk criteria established by the american society for colposcopy and cervical pathology (ie, unsatisfactory colposcopy or positive endocervical curettage, persistence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1/low-grade squamous i ... | 2007 | 17714678 |
| age-specific prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in a hungarian female population with positive cytology. | patients with positive screening results and persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) infection represent the population at the highest risk for developing cervical cancer. to describe the epidemiology in this high-risk population, data were collected and analysed at the referral centre for patients with positive cytology. | 2008 | 17714853 |
| the n-terminal module of hpv16 e7 is an intrinsically disordered domain that confers conformational and recognition plasticity to the oncoprotein. | the hpv16 e7 oncoprotein is an extended dimer, with a stable and cooperative fold, but that displays properties of "natively unfolded" proteins. two regions of conserved sequence are found in e7 proteins, where the n-terminus (1-40) includes the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor binding and casein kinase ii phosphorylation sites. a fragment containing the highly acidic n-terminal half shows an apparently disordered conformation by far-uv-circular dichroism (cd) at neutral ph, and its hydrodynamic ... | 2007 | 17715947 |
| human papillomavirus infection in hiv-infected persons. | rates of cervical and anal human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and abnormal cytology are high in hiv-infected women, as are rates of anal hpv infection and abnormal cytology in hiv-infected men who have sex with men (msm). available evidence indicates that the incidence of anal cancer in hiv-infected msm has increased in association with prolonged life expectancy achieved with antiretroviral therapy. routine screening for cervical neoplasia is recommended for hiv-infected women. routine screeni ... | 2007 | 17720998 |
| association of cutaneous anergy with human papillomavirus and cervical neoplasia in hiv-seropositive and seronegative women. | cutaneous anergy testing evaluates delayed type hypersensitivity responses and is, in essence, an in-vivo measure of cell-mediated immune function at an epithelial surface. this study assessed the relationship of anergy test results with cervical infection by human papillomavirus (hpv) and cervical neoplasia in hiv-seropositive and seronegative women. | 2007 | 17721101 |
| activation of akt and nuclear accumulation of wild type tp53 and mdm2 in anal squamous cell carcinoma. | human papilloma virus (hpv) infection is considered as an important aetiological factor for anal squamous cell carcinoma (ascc) but is not sufficient for tumour progression. this carcinoma is poorly understood at the molecular level. using the largest cohort of cases to date we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying ascc development, in particular the roles of tp53, mdm2 and akt. viral infection in our cohort occurred at high frequency (73%, 94/128) with hpv16 accounting for the majori ... | 2007 | 17721920 |
| vaccination trial with hpv16 l1e7 chimeric virus-like particles in women suffering from high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin 2/3). | persistent infection with human papillomaviruses (hpv) is a prerequisite for the development of cervical cancer. vaccination with virus-like particles (vlp) has demonstrated efficacy in prophylaxis but lacks therapeutic potential. hpv16 l1e7 chimeric virus-like particles (cvlp) consist of a carboxy-terminally truncated hpv16l1 protein fused to the amino-terminal part of the hpv16 e7 protein and self-assemble by recombinant expression of the fusion protein. the cvlp are able to induce l1- and e7- ... | 2007 | 17721997 |
| [malignancy arising in seborrheic keratosis: two cases report]. | seborrheic keratosis are one of the most common benign epidermal tumors encountered in clinical practice. malignant transformation is exceptional. it may occur by the involvement of human papilloma virus. we report two cases of seborrheic keratosis in respectively 58 and 60-years-old women, which, on biopsy, revealed the presence of bowen's disease for the former and squamous cell carcinoma for the later. | 2003 | 17722804 |
| human papillomavirus vaccine: waiting for a miracle. | | 2007 | 17724313 |
| human papillomavirus vaccines launch a new era in cervical cancer prevention. | | 2007 | 17724324 |
| evaluation of quantity and staining pattern of human papillomavirus (hpv)-infected epithelial cells in thin-layer cervical specimens using optimized hpv-card assay. | testing for human papillomavirus (hpv) is used in the triage of women with a cervical cytology of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ascus). a fluorescent in situ hybridization assay was developed for the detection of hpv using the catalyzed receptor deposition technique (hpv-card). in this study, the utility of this assay was tested for the detection of hpv in liquid-based cervical cytology specimens. | 2007 | 17724679 |
| circulating human papillomavirus type 16 specific t-cells are associated with hla class i expression on tumor cells, but not related to the amount of viral oncogene transcripts. | human papillomavirus (hpv) is a necessary factor in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. circulating hpv-specific t-cells responding to the e6 and e7 hpv proteins can be detected only in half of cervical cancer patients. potential explanations for the absence of this response are lack of sufficient amounts of antigen to activate the immune response or local immune escape mechanisms. we studied the relationship between hpv 16 e6/e7 oncogene mrna expression, human leukocyte antigen (hla) expressio ... | 2007 | 17724722 |
| induction of mhc class i molecule cell surface expression and epigenetic activation of antigen-processing machinery components in a murine model for human papilloma virus 16-associated tumours. | epigenetic events play an important role in tumour progression and also contribute to escape of the tumour from immune surveillance. in this study, we investigated the up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i surface expression on tumour cells by epigenetic mechanisms using a murine tumour cell line expressing human e6 and e7 human papilloma virus 16 (hpv16) oncogenes and deficient in mhc class i expression, as a result of impaired antigen-presenting machinery (apm). treat ... | 2008 | 17725605 |
| a doctor talks about hpv vaccination. | | 2007 | 17726760 |
| re: "multiparameter calibration of a natural history model of cervical cancer". | | 2007 | 17728268 |
| national vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 years--united states, 2006. | before 2005, vaccines were administered during adolescence to "catch up" children with vaccinations not received at a younger age, with the exception of the tetanus and diphtheria (td) booster. however, since 2005, three new vaccines specifically for older children have been licensed and recommended in the united states: meningococcal conjugate vaccine (mcv4) for those aged 11-12 years and 15 years; tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (tdap) vaccine for those aged ... | 2007 | 17728694 |
| expression of p53 and its homolog, p73, in hpv dna positive oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas. | several studies have detected human papilloma virus (hpv) dna in squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (oscc). in this study, we analysed oscc specimens from 114 patients for the presence of hpv dna, and p53 and p73 expression. hpv dna was detected in 44.7% of cases, with the low risk hpv11 occurring most frequently. p53 and p73 expression was detected in 70% and 61.4% of cases, respectively. there was no correlation between expression of p53, p73 or hpv infection and tumour grade, or betwee ... | 2007 | 17761206 |
| hpv triage testing or repeat pap smear for the management of atypical squamous cells (ascus) on pap smear: is there evidence of process utility? | a two-stage standard gamble was used to evaluate women's preferences for alternative managements of atypical squamous cells of undermined significance (ascus) on pap smear (repeat pap smear compared with immediate hpv test), and to test for the evidence of process utility. women's utilities for the health state scenarios were clustered towards the upper end of the 0-1 scale with considerable variability in women's preferences. there was evidence of process utility, with immediate human papilloma ... | 2008 | 17764095 |
| [analysis of demethylation-related hpv16 reactivation by dhplc-primer extension assay]. | to establish a sensitive assay to detect methylation status of the critical 7862nt cpg site related to transcription of hpv16 e6 and e7 genes. | 2007 | 17767865 |
| human papillomavirus: e6 and e7 oncogenes. | the recognition of a causal relationship between human papillomaviruses and cancer almost 30 years ago led to a rapid expansion of knowledge in the field, resulting in the description of the main mediators of hpv-induced carcinogenesis, the viral proteins e6 and e7. these oncoproteins show a remarkable pleiotropism in binding host-cell proteins, with the tumour suppressor genes p53 and prb as their major targets. these interactions induce proliferation, immortalization and malignant transformati ... | 2007 | 17768080 |
| [antisense targeting to human papillomavirus 18 e6/e7 affects the proliferation and apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma: an in vitro experiment with hela cells]. | to investigate the effect of eukaryotic fluorescent expression vector carrying antisense human papillomavirus (hpv) 18 e6/e7 on the growth and proliferation of human cervical carcinoma. | 2007 | 17803852 |
| human papillomavirus e6 regulates the cytoskeleton dynamics of keratinocytes through targeted degradation of p53. | the attachment and spreading of keratinocyte cells result from interactions between integrins and immobilized extracellular matrix molecules. human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e6 augmented the kinetics of cell spreading, while e6 genes from hpv-11 or bovine papillomavirus type 1 did not. the ability of e6 to interact with the e6ap ubiquitin ligase and target p53 degradation was required to augment cell-spreading kinetics; dominant negative p53 alleles also enhanced the kinetics of cell sprea ... | 2007 | 17804489 |
| racial and ethnic disparities in cervical cancer incidence rates in the united states, 1992-2003. | differences in cervical cancer incidence rates by race/ethnicity persist in the united states. we examined these differences by histologic type and by various patient and socioeconomic characteristics. | 2007 | 17805982 |
| combination of intratumoral injections of vaccinia virus mva expressing gm-csf and immunization with dna vaccine prolongs the survival of mice bearing hpv16 induced tumors with downregulated expression of mhc class i molecules. | downregulation of mhc class i molecules is believed to be often the cause of tumor immune escape and at the same time it is the major obstacle to t-cell based immunotherapy of tumors. in our experimental model, the c57bl/6 mice bearing tumors induced by tc-1/a9 cells characterized by expression of hpv16 oncogenes and downregulation of h-2b molecules were immunized with highly immunogenic e7ggg.gus dna vaccine expressing the fused gene of modified hpv16 e7 (e7ggg) with e.coli beta-glucuronidase ( ... | 2007 | 17822323 |
| human papillomavirus type 16 e7 oncoprotein inhibits apoptosis mediated by nuclear insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 by enhancing its ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation. | the e7 protein encoded by the oncogenic human papillomavirus type 16 has been shown to bind and inactivate insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (igfbp-3), the pro-apoptotic product of a tumour suppressor gene; however, the molecular mechanism underlying e7-induced inactivation of igfbp-3 remained uncertain. in this study, we map the igfbp-3-binding domain for e7 to the nuclear localization signal in the conserved c-terminal domain of igfbp-3. moreover, we demonstrate that both proteins i ... | 2007 | 17827406 |
| relationship between the expression of telomerase and human papillomavirus infection in invasive uterine cervical carcinoma. | telomerase activity was examined in invasive cervical carcinoma to assess whether it is activated during cervical malignant transformation and to look for its possible association with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. histologically confirmed invasive cervical carcinomas and benign cervices were assayed for telomerase activity by using a modified telomere repeat amplification protocol (trap). the same cases were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of hpv by using consensu ... | 2007 | 17828509 |
| strategic plans to promote head and neck cancer translational research within the radiation therapy oncology group: a report from the translational research program. | head and neck cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the united states, with an overall survival rate of approximately 40-50%. in an effort to improve patient outcomes, research efforts designed to maximize benefit and reduce toxicities of therapy are in progress. basic research in cancer biology has accelerated this endeavor and provided preclinical data and technology to support clinically relevant advances in early detection, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. recent completion of the h ... | 2007 | 17848300 |
| an oncolytic mutant of herpes simplex virus type-1 in which replication is governed by a promoter/enhancer of human papillomavirus type-16. | although herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) can be used as an oncolytic virus it has the undesirable side effect of neurotoxicity. to create a virus with improved specificity for oral cancer we used a fragment of human papillomavirus type-16, which is frequently found in oral and cervical cancers, but not elsewhere. the upstream regulatory region, urr16, was shown to have a high level of transcriptional activity in three of four oral cancer cell lines but low activity in three cell lines derive ... | 2007 | 17853922 |
| human papillomavirus dna detection in thinprep pap test vials is independent of cytologic sampling of the transformation zone. | sampling of the transformation zone (tz) and endocervical cells (ec) has been widely regarded as a quality indicator in cervical screening programs; however, the significance of a tz/ec sample (tz/ecs) in promoting disease detection remains a matter of controversy. because little data are available on the relationship between tz/ec sampling and hpv dna test results, we examined whether or not there is a measurable association between high-risk human papillomavirus (hrhpv) dna test results and tz ... | 2007 | 17854873 |
| comparison of the amplicor human papillomavirus test and the hybrid capture 2 assay for detection of high-risk human papillomavirus in women with abnormal pap smear. | infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) is a necessary step in the progression to cervical cancer. many methods for hpv testing are currently available, mostly developed to detect pools of hpv types. hybrid capture 2 (hc2) is one of the most widely used. a new pcr-based assay, the roche amplicor hpv test, has been recently developed. both assays recognize a group of 13 hr hpv types contemporaneously. this study evaluated the performance of both methods for detecting high-grade cervical lesions ... | 2008 | 17854914 |
| human papillomavirus vaccine. | | 2007 | 17874469 |
| update on vaccination against human papillomavirus (hpv). | hpv vaccine offers a new approach to preventing hpv and associated conditions. the vaccine has mainly been studied in young women, and clinical trials have supported its efficacy in preventing genital warts and cervical precancers caused by targeted hpv types. while health care experts and others endorse the use of the vaccine, they disagree on making it mandatory. for now, lawmakers would like further discussion and debate before pushing legislation to make the vaccine a legal requirement. | 2007 | 17877102 |
| [study on the genotyping of human papillomavirus using a new dna liquid chip in women of high-risk group of shandong province]. | to evaluate the diagnostic applicability of human papillomavirus (hpv) liquid chip assay which is based on luminex xmap system, and perform a hpv epidemiologic study with the liquid chip in women of shandong province. | 2007 | 17877181 |
| abnormal anal cytology in high-risk human papilloma virus infection in hiv-infected australians. | to assess the prevalence of abnormal anal cytology and high-risk human papilloma virus (hpv)-type infection in hiv-infected people with a cd4 cell count >300 cells/microl. | 2008 | 17881414 |
| effects of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination. | | 2007 | 17889236 |
| rising incidence of oropharyngeal cancer and the role of oncogenic human papilloma virus. | to document the increasing incidence of oropharyngeal (op) cancer and to provide evidence that this increase is caused by oncogenic human papilloma virus (hpv). | 2007 | 17891052 |
| human papillomavirus (hpv) genotype distribution in invasive cervical cancers in france: edith study. | invasive cervical cancer (icc) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in france. since human papillomavirus (hpv) is the necessary cause of icc, the aim of this study was to assess the type-specific prevalence of hpv in icc in france in order to locally evaluate the potential benefit of an hpv 16/18 l1 virus-like particles (vlp) vaccination. a total of 516 histological specimens collected in 15 centers were analyzed. among them, 86% had a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (scc ... | 2008 | 17893882 |
| the human papillomavirus type 16 e7 oncoprotein activates the fanconi anemia (fa) pathway and causes accelerated chromosomal instability in fa cells. | fanconi anemia (fa) patients have an increased risk for squamous cell carcinomas (sccs) at sites of predilection for infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) types, including the oral cavity and the anogenital tract. we show here that activation of the fa pathway is a frequent event in cervical sccs. we found that fa pathway activation is triggered mainly by the hpv type 16 (hpv-16) e7 oncoprotein and is associated with an enhanced formation of large fancd2 foci and recruitment of fan ... | 2007 | 17898070 |
| a novel splice donor site at nt 1534 is required for long-term maintenance of hpv31 genomes. | human papillomaviruses (hpv) are small double-stranded dna viruses that replicate as low copy number nuclear plasmids during the persistent phase. hpv only possess nine open reading frames but extend their coding capabilities by alternative rna splicing. we have identified in cell lines with replicating hpv31 genomes viral transcripts that connect the novel splice donor (sd) sites at nt 1426 and 1534 within the e1 replication gene to known splice acceptors at nt 3295 or 3332 within the e2/e4 reg ... | 2008 | 17904182 |
| interobserver agreement in the evaluation of digitized cervical images. | to estimate the agreement among multiple expert colposcopists evaluating high-resolution digitized cervigrams taken from patients with a variety of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection states and previous cervigram interpretations. | 2007 | 17906017 |
| bug breakfast in the bulletin: human papilloma virus. | the bug breakfast topic for october was human papilloma virus (hpv). the presenters covered the epidemiology of hpv, the newly introduced hpv vaccine and social and psychological issues relating to hpv vaccination. | 2007 | 17907356 |
| p16(ink4a) immunocytochemistry in liquid-based cytology samples in equivocal pap smears: added value in management of women with equivocal pap smear. | to test whether p1l6(ink4a) immunocytochemistry (icc) in liquid-based cytology (lbc) is useful with colposcopy in abnormal pap smears. | 2007 | 17910346 |
| clinical aspects of epidermodysplasia verruciformis and review of the literature. | epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev), is an unusual genodermatosis characterized by persistent human papilloma virus infection with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. clinically, it is characterized by flat wart-like lesions, scaly hypo- and hyperpigmented macules and/or patches, which resemble pityriasis versicolor, and development of early beginning nonmelanoma cutaneous carcinomas. | 2007 | 17910717 |
| [mucosotropic papillomavirus genotypes in the italian population]. | | 2007 | 17912182 |
| determination of human papillomavirus type 16 genotype and construction of cloning vector ptz57r encoding hpv16 e7 gene. | to isolate and construct a cloning vector containing the human papillomavirus (hpv)16-e7 gene as a target for application as a dna vaccine. | 2007 | 17914510 |
| herd immunity. | | 2007 | 17915372 |
| 2006 consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or adenocarcinoma in situ. | to provide updated consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) or adenocarcinoma in situ (ais). | 2007 | 17917567 |
| cost-effectiveness of adding human papilloma virus testing to a managed care cervical cancer screening program. | the purpose of this study was to demonstrate a methodology for auditing the impact of hcii testing on the direct cost of cervical cancer cytological screening, where the test is collected in all women screened and processed routinely in women age 30 years and older. | 2007 | 17917570 |
| p53 codon 72 polymorphism and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. | the polymorphisms of the tumor suppressor gene p53 have been extensively investigated in numerous malignant tumors, particularly carcinomas associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. however, the results remain controversial. to address a potential correlation between the p53 genotypes and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (escc), we investigated the p53 codon 72 polymorphism in 435 patients with escc and 550 cancer-free subjects from the same geographical region. p53 arg ... | 2008 | 17918207 |
| human papillomavirus dna testing for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and cancer: 5-year follow-up of a randomised controlled implementation trial. | tests for the dna of high-risk types of human papillomavirus (hpv) have a higher sensitivity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (cin3+) than does cytological testing, but the necessity of such testing in cervical screening has been debated. our aim was to determine whether the effectiveness of cervical screening improves when hpv dna testing is implemented. | 2007 | 17919718 |
| vaccination against human papillomavirus: a baseline survey of canadian clinicians' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. | we assessed canadian obstetrician/gynaecologists', family physicians' and paediatricians' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about hpv infection and prevention, as well as factors associated with willingness to prescribe hpv vaccines. a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was mailed to 2500 physicians. the participation rate was 51%. overall, 95% of respondents indicated that the vaccine should be given to girls before the onset of sexual activity; 80% of respondents felt that the best age ... | 2007 | 17923173 |
| the value of including boys in an hpv vaccination programme: a cost-effectiveness analysis in a low-resource setting. | we assessed the cost-effectiveness of including boys vs girls alone in a pre-adolescent vaccination programme against human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 in brazil. using demographic, epidemiological, and cancer data from brazil, we developed a dynamic transmission model of hpv infection between males and females. model-projected reductions in hpv incidence under different vaccination scenarios were applied to a stochastic model of cervical carcinogenesis to project lifetime costs and ben ... | 2007 | 17923869 |
| sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis in women of reproductive age in rural northeast brazil: a population-based study. | population-based data on sexually transmitted infections (sti), bacterial vaginosis (bv), and candidiasis reflect the epidemiological situation more accurately than studies performed in specific populations, but such data are scarce. to determine the prevalence of sti, bv, and candidiasis among women of reproductive age from a resource-poor community in northeast brazil, a population-based cross sectional study was undertaken. all women from seven hamlets and the centre of pacoti municipality in ... | 2007 | 17924006 |
| detection of human papilloma viruses 16 and 18 dna sequences in oral squamous cell carcinoma. | | 2007 | 17931278 |
| intradermal administration of dna vaccines combining a strategy to bypass antigen processing with a strategy to prolong dendritic cell survival enhances dna vaccine potency. | intradermal vaccination via gene gun efficiently delivers dna vaccines into dendritic cells (dcs) of the skin, resulting in the activation and priming of antigen-specific t cells in vivo. we have previously demonstrated that intradermal delivery of dna vaccines encoding single-chain trimer (sct) composed of the most immunogenic epitope of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e6 protein (aa49-57), beta2-microglobulin, and mhc class i heavy chain (sct-e6) can bypass antigen processing and lead to ... | 2007 | 17931752 |
| hpv e6 degradation of p53 and pdz containing substrates in an e6ap null background. | human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 and 18 e6 proteins target many of their cellular substrates for proteasome-mediated degradation. in the case of p53, this is mediated by the e6ap ubiquitin ligase. however it is still unclear whether other e6 substrates, in particular those containing pdz domains, are also degraded in a similar manner. to investigate this, we established an epithelial cell line from e6ap-null mice and used these cells as a background to perform e6-mediated in vivo degradation a ... | 2008 | 17934525 |
| activation of cdc2 contributes to apoptosis in hpv e6 expressing human keratinocytes in response to therapeutic agents. | infection with human papillomaviruses (hpv) is strongly associated with the development of cervical cancer. the hpv e6 oncogene induces apoptosis in cervical cancer precursor lesions but the mechanism is poorly understood. while it is expected that inactivation of p53 by e6 should lead to a reduction in apoptosis, e6 also sensitizes cells to apoptosis under some experimental conditions. here, we demonstrate that expression of e6 in human keratinocytes rendered sensitization to chemotherapeutic a ... | 2007 | 17936297 |
| an examination of acceptability of hpv vaccination among african american women and latina immigrants. | this study examined the acceptability of preventive human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccination among latina immigrants and african american women through eight focus groups (n = 55, 28 latinas and 27 african americans). | 2007 | 17937576 |
| screening and management of women and girls with human papillomavirus infection. | in the us, reductions in cervical cancer-related mortality over the past five decades can be attributed to the implementation of screening programs. us-based guidelines recommend that screening should be initiated approximately 3 years after initiation of sexual intercourse, but no later than age 21 years and be continued at least until age 65 or 70. annual screening is recommended by the american cancer society and the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists, although in women aged ... | 2007 | 17938012 |
| human papillomavirus infection: epidemiology and pathophysiology. | more than 120 different types of the human papillomavirus (hpv) have been isolated; >40 of these types infect the epithelial lining of the anogenital tract and other mucosal areas. in the majority of individuals, hpv infections are transient and asymptomatic with most new infections resolving within 2 years. epidemiological data from the u.s. national health and nutrition examination survey determined that the prevalence of hpv infection in a representative sample of women was highest in those a ... | 2007 | 17938014 |
| human papillomavirus vaccination in males. | human papillomavirus (hpv) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and is frequently presented clinically as anogenital warts in both males and females. there is a high rate of transmission of hpv in female partners of men with pre-existing penile warts, and hpv infection in men has been shown to contribute to hpv infection and subsequent cervical disease in women. hpv is associated with significant morbidity and represents a substantial healthcare burden. data indicate th ... | 2007 | 17938015 |
| bacterial, viral and fungal genital tract infections in palestinian pregnant women in gaza, palestine. | pregnant women may be at high risk to be infected with one of sexually transmitted diseases. of the sexually transmitted infections childbearing women, chlamydia trachomatis, human papilloma virus (hpv) and candida albicans are of special importance. | 2007 | 17939317 |
| advances in dendritic-cell-based therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer. | cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide and remains an important health problem for women, especially in underserved and minority groups in industrially developed nations. although radical surgery and radiotherapy represent effective modalities of treatment for invasive cervical cancer, up to 35% of these patients overall will develop recurrent/metastatic disease for which treatment results remain poor. novel therapeutic strategies that are effective in ... | 2007 | 17944571 |
| geographic distribution of cervical cancer-associated human leucocyte antigens and cervical cancer incidence in finland. | cervical cancer (cxca) is a long-term sequelae caused by persistent human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. genetic susceptibility to the persistent infection and cxca is associated with certain human leucocyte antigen (hla) types. the same susceptibility genes may also determine whether a woman will be protected against the persistent infection and against cxca by hpv vaccination or not. a systematic review of literature identified following hlas to be associated with cxca: a11 (odds ratio [or] = ... | 2007 | 17945045 |
| protein tyrosine phosphatase h1 is a target of the e6 oncoprotein of high-risk genital human papillomaviruses. | the e6 proteins of high-risk genital human papillomaviruses (hpv), such as hpv types 16 and 18, possess a conserved c-terminal pdz-binding motif, which mediates interaction with some cellular pdz domain proteins. the binding of e6 usually results in their ubiquitin-mediated degradation. the ability of e6 to bind to pdz domain proteins correlates with the oncogenic potential. using a yeast two-hybrid system, gst pull-down experiments and coimmunoprecipitations, we identified the protein tyrosine ... | 2007 | 17947517 |
| genital human papillomavirus infection in men: incidence and risk factors in a cohort of university students. | in contrast to the wealth of data on human papillomavirus (hpv) infections in women, much less is known about hpv in men. | 2007 | 17955430 |
| the optimal anatomic sites for sampling heterosexual men for human papillomavirus (hpv) detection: the hpv detection in men study. | background. human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in men contributes to infection and cervical disease in women as well as to disease in men. this study aimed to determine the optimal anatomic site(s) for hpv detection in heterosexual men.methods. a cross-sectional study of hpv infection was conducted in 463 men from 2003 to 2006. urethral, glans penis/coronal sulcus, penile shaft/prepuce, scrotal, perianal, anal canal, semen, and urine samples were obtained. samples were analyzed for sample adeq ... | 2007 | 17955432 |
| impact of baseline covariates on the immunogenicity of a quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) human papillomavirus virus-like-particle vaccine. | the quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) human papillomavirus (hpv) l1 virus-like-particle vaccine was 95%-100% effective in preventing cervical and genital disease related to hpv-6, -11, -16, and -18. vaccine efficacy is thought to be mediated by humoral immunity. here, we analyze the effect of the baseline characteristics of subjects on vaccine-induced immune responses. | 2007 | 17955433 |
| human papilloma virus specific t cells infiltrating cervical cancer and draining lymph nodes show remarkably frequent use of hla-dq and -dp as a restriction element. | human papillomavirus (hpv)-induced malignancies are frequently infiltrated by lymphocytes. to comprehend the contribution of hpv-specific t cells in this anti-tumor response we developed a method that allowed the analysis of the presence and specificity of cervix-infiltrating and draining lymph node resident t cells in a group of 74 patients with cervical malignancies, 54 of which were induced by hpv16 or hpv18. we detected the presence of hpv16 or hpv18-specific t cells in at least 23 of the 54 ... | 2008 | 17955486 |
| multiple vaccines: how do we choose? | as preventive medicine is a cornerstone of managed care, most health plans have traditionally featured automatic vaccine coverage routed through the medical benefit. however, with the advent of emerging vaccines, managed care stakeholders must revise decision-making processes and choose among multiple products targeting the same disease. | 2007 | 17955625 |
| gene expression profiling to identify markers associated with deregulated htert in hpv-transformed keratinocytes and cervical cancer. | although high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) infection plays a major role in the development of cervical cancer, additive oncogenic events are involved as well. one key event involves increased activity of telomerase resulting from a deregulated expression of its catalytic subunit htert. our previous microcell-mediated chromosome transfer studies revealed that introduction of human chromosome 6 in the hpv16-immortalized keratinocyte cell line fk16a and in the hpv16-containing cervical cancer ce ... | 2008 | 17960611 |
| [cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and human papillomavirus]. | the relationship between mucosal human papillomavirus (hpv) and cervical carcinoma or anogenital squamous cell carcinoma (scc) is becoming increasingly evident, whereas a link between hpv and other cutaneous sccs is less clear. recent studies have reported links between epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated hpv and extragenital cutaneous scc, particularly in immunosuppressed patients, although immunocompetent patients have also been affected. mucosal hpv could also be linked to some types o ... | 2007 | 17961447 |
| modeling human papillomavirus and cervical cancer in the united states for analyses of screening and vaccination. | abstract: | 2007 | 17967185 |
| second cancers among 104,760 survivors of cervical cancer: evaluation of long-term risk. | given the extended survival of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer, the large number of these women treated with radiotherapy, and the presence in this population of established cancer risk factors such as human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and cigarette smoking, it is important to clarify long-term trends in second cancer risk. | 2007 | 17971527 |
| treating cancer as an infectious disease--viral antigens as novel targets for treatment and potential prevention of tumors of viral etiology. | nearly 20% of human cancers worldwide have an infectious etiology with the most prominent examples being hepatitis b and c virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and human papilloma virus-associated cervical cancer. there is an urgent need to find new approaches to treatment and prevention of virus-associated cancers. | 2007 | 17971877 |
| gene expression analysis of preinvasive and invasive cervical squamous cell carcinomas identifies hoxc10 as a key mediator of invasion. | if left untreated, a subset of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (hsil) of the cervix will progress to invasive squamous cell carcinomas (scc). to identify genes whose differential expression is linked to cervical cancer progression, we compared gene expression in microdissected squamous epithelial samples from 10 normal cervices, 7 hsils, and 21 sccs using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. we identified 171 distinct genes at least 1.5-fold up-regulated (and p < 0.001) in the s ... | 2007 | 17974957 |
| cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in south african women: implications for hpv screening and vaccine strategies. | the prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) in south african women (n = 1,073) increased from 20.4% (173/848) in women with normal cytology to 41.7% (48/115) in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 70.2% (40/57) in women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 83% (44/53) in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (hsils). hpv types 16 and 35 were the dominant types in women with hsils but not in women in the other categories. | 2008 | 17977997 |
| determination of cytokine protein levels in cervical mucus samples from young women by a multiplex immunoassay method and assessment of correlates. | cytokines in cervical mucus are likely to play important roles in controlling pathogens. the cervical mucosal environment is complex, however, with many endogenous and exogenous factors that may affect cytokine levels. we used a multiplex, suspension-array-based immunoassay method to measure 10 proinflammatory (interleukin-1beta [il-1beta], il-6, and il-8) and immunoregulatory (gamma interferon [ifn-gamma], il-2, il-4, il-5, il-10, il-12, and il-13) cytokines in cervical mucus specimens collecte ... | 2008 | 17978011 |
| ifn-gamma produced by human papilloma virus-18 e6-specific cd4+ t cells predicts the clinical outcome after surgery in patients with high-grade cervical lesions. | cervical neoplastic lesions are associated with infection by high-risk human papilloma viruses (hpvs). hpv-16 and hpv-18 are the most common genotypes. it has been proposed that development of hpv-16-positive cervical lesions is associated with impaired cd4(+) t cell immunity against early ags. the aim of the study was to evaluate whether this impairment also applies to hpv-18. we investigated the presence and the quality of anti-hpv-18 e6 cd4(+) t cell responses in the blood of 37 consecutive p ... | 2007 | 17982110 |
| giant condyloma (buschke-löwenstein tumor). a case report. | buschke-löwenstein tumor (blt), or giant condyloma acuminatum, is a rare sexually transmitted disease. the virus responsible for condyloma is human papillomavirus, usually serotype 6 or 11. a blt is always preceded by condyloma acuminatum and may occur at any age after puberty. it is characterized by invasive growth and recurrence after treatment, and malignant transformation is possible. we report the case of a 44-year-old male patient with a 2-year history of a penoscrotal buschke-löwenstein t ... | 2006 | 17982612 |
| what is going on with vaccines: keeping up with the childhood immunization schedule. | in the last 25 years, the number of diseases prevented by vaccination in childhood has more than doubled, challenging practitioners to become familiar with a host of new vaccine recommendations. incorporating new vaccines into practice is facilitated by an understanding of the processes that affect their use. factors that influence the successful incorporation of a vaccine into routine practice include licensing, development of recommendations, identification of funding sources, liability covera ... | 2007 | 17984706 |
| molecular approaches to cervical cancer therapy. | cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy in women worldwide. two hpv strains, hpv-16 and 18, occur in the 70% of untreated cancers. expression of viral oncogenes e6 and e7 disrupt the cell cycle by interfering with p53 and p107(rb). it is known that hpv infection is necessary but insufficient to cause malignancy. furthermore, persistence of hpv-16 or 18 in women does not necessarily result in cancer. persistence indicates the importance of other factors for malignant conversion of hi ... | 2007 | 17986003 |
| [human papilloma virus (hpv) vaccine]. | a solid tumor related to viral infection is a rare and challenging condition to the medical community raising the possibility to fight and prevent this cancer by vaccine. cervical cancer, caused by human papillomavirus (hpv), is a major health problem worldwide. the two hpv vaccines approved lately could lead to more than a 70% reduction in cases of cervical cancer and a similar reduction in deaths from the cancer. pap smear screening significantly (80%) reduced disease incidence and is still us ... | 2007 | 17990390 |
| e6 and e7 oncogene expression by human papilloma virus (hpv) and the aggressive behavior of recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis (rlp). | recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis (rlp), a chronic disease associated with human papilloma virus (hpv), requires serial surgical procedures for debulking, resulting in debilitating long-term dysphonia, laryngeal scarring, and rarely malignant degeneration. human papilloma virus 11 tumors have been widely accepted as more aggressive than hpv 6 tumors; however, the clinical course has been difficult to predict at disease onset, and the biologic mediators of proliferation have not been well charac ... | 2008 | 17990904 |
| epidemiology of human papillomavirus infection among fishermen along lake victoria shore in the kisumu district, kenya. | the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in men in kenya is largely uncharacterized. we set out to determine the prevalence and determinants of hpv infection among sexually active fishermen along lake victoria in the kisumu district of kenya. | 2008 | 17991686 |
| quadrivalent human papillomavirus recombinant vaccine: the first vaccine for cervical cancers. | gardasil is the first quadrivalent human papillomavirus (hpv)-types 6, 11, 16, 18 recombinant vaccine approved by the fda on june 8, 2006. it induces genotype-specific virus-neutralizing antibodies and prevents infection with hpv. various clinical trials demonstrated a reduction in the incidence of vaccine-type-specific persistent infections and of associated moderate- and high-grade cervical dysplasias and carcinomas in situ after its use. gardasil is currently approved by fda for prevention of ... | 2007 | 17998730 |
| moving forward: human papillomavirus vaccination and the prevention of cervical cancer. | in june 2006, the food and drug administration (fda) approved the first human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine. the vaccine was subsequently recommended by the centers for disease control and prevention's (cdc) advisory committee for immunization practices (acip) for routine vaccination of 11-12-year-old girls and catch-up vaccination of females 13-26 years of age. with the approval of the first hpv vaccine, cervical cancer now has a primary prevention tool. however, the availability of an hpv vacci ... | 2007 | 18001182 |
| high risk hpv types 18 and 16 are potent modulators of oral squamous cell carcinoma phenotypes in vitro. | human papillomavirus (hpv) has been confirmed as the primary etiological factor that transforms cervical epithelia into cancer. the presence of hpv in oral cancers suggests that hpv may play a similar role in transforming the oral epithelia. a high degree of variability in the prevalence of hpv in oral cancers has been found, however, raising questions regarding its role in the transformation and development of oral cancers. the goal of this study was to test our hypothesis that high-risk hpv st ... | 2007 | 18001474 |
| oral contraceptives and clinical recurrence of human papillomavirus lesions and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia following treatment. | to evaluate the effect of oral contraceptive use on the recurrence rate of human papillomavirus (hpv) lesions and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) following ablative or excisional procedures in a long-term follow-up. | 2008 | 18001738 |
| langerhans cells and dendritic cells are cytotoxic towards hpv16 e6 and e7 expressing target cells. | dendritic cells (dc) can be cytotoxic towards tumor cells by means of tnf family molecules expressed on the cell surface of activated dcs. tumor cells expressing appropriate receptors are killed by dc, generating a source of antigen to be presented to the immune system. it has not been investigated whether langerhans cells (lc) are selectively cytotoxic to tumor cells. this is of particular interest for epithelial tumor cells that physically interact with lc in vivo. among epithelial tumors, the ... | 2008 | 18004565 |
| human papillomavirus vaccination: the united kingdom s recommendation and update on european licensure and efficacy data. | | 2007 | 18005644 |
| evaluation of the association with cervical cancer of polymorphisms in syndecan-1, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan involved with viral cell entry. | infection with 1 of approximately 15 oncogenic human papillomaviruses is known to be linked to the development of all histologic forms of cervical cancer. we evaluated whether polymorphisms in syndecan-1 (sdc-1), a gene whose protein product is believed to be involved in human papillomavirus entry into epithelial cells, were associated with histologic subtypes of cervical cancer. a total of 293 in situ/invasive adenocarcinoma cases, 260 in situ/invasive squamous cell carcinoma cases, and 478 con ... | 2007 | 18006945 |
| challenges to accepting a human papilloma virus (hpv) vaccine: a qualitative study of australian women. | a vaccine that protects women against the two most frequent high-risk genotypes of human papilloma virus (hpv) and the two types that cause 90 percent of genital warts was licensed in june 2006 in the usa and australia. it is important to understand whether a vaccine delivered to young women before the onset of sexual activity would be acceptable. the goal of this project was to investigate the knowledge and awareness of victorian women about cervical cancer and hpv infections, and their beliefs ... | 2007 | 18019286 |
| molecular detection of hpv 16 and 18 in cervical samples of patients from belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil. | the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of hpv infection and the types 16 and 18 in cervical samples from patients attended at two public health services of the city of belo horizonte, mg. | 2007 | 18026636 |