| respiratory syncytial virus infections in northeastern brazil: seasonal trends and general aspects. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most prevalent agents of acute respiratory infections in children. consistent data about seasonality of infections caused by this virus in brazil proceed only from southern and southeastern regions. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and the seasonal pattern of rsv infections in children living in fortaleza city in northeastern brazil. nasopharyngeal aspirates of 1,950 patients attending in ambulatories, emergency room, and w ... | 2006 | 16407363 |
| steroid-responsive subacute polymyositis in an adult following respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the role of viral infections in the aetiopathogenesis of polymyositis remains speculative. we report a case of profound subacute polymyositis with incipient ventilatory failure following serologically confirmed infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), with a dramatic and sustained response to pulse corticosteroid therapy. we suggest a possible autoimmune mechanism to account for this sequence of events. | 2006 | 16409434 |
| antiviral prophylaxis in patients with haematological malignancies and solid tumours: guidelines of the infectious diseases working party (agiho) of the german society for hematology and oncology (dgho). | morbidity and mortality in patients with malignancies are increased by viral infections. these mostly are reactivations of asymptomatic latent infections. they primarily concern clinical entities associated with the reactivation of herpes viruses, such as varicella zoster virus (vzv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv). respiratory tract infections caused by influenza, parainfluenza or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are less common. since reactivation of latent infections has major clinical impact, ant ... | 2006 | 16410361 |
| patient information. what is respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)? | | 2005 | 16411555 |
| protection against respiratory syncytial virus by a recombinant newcastle disease virus vector. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants and the elderly, but no safe and effective rsv vaccine is yet available. for reasons that are not well understood, rsv is only weakly immunogenic, and reinfection occurs throughout life. this has complicated the search for an effective live attenuated viral vaccine, and past trials with inactivated virus preparations have led to enhanced immunopathology following natural infection. we have tes ... | 2006 | 16414990 |
| low prevalence of pertussis among children admitted with respiratory symptoms during respiratory syncytial virus season. | pertussis may go unrecognized during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epidemics. nosocomially transmitted pertussis can be severe in infants. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) screening may identify infants with pertussis on admission, allowing for preemptive isolation. in a random sample, 1 (0.6%) of 166 children admitted to the hospital during rsv season were bordetella pertussis pcr positive during a nonepidemic period. these data show that screening may not be useful when pertussis prevalence ... | 2006 | 16418999 |
| respiratory syncytial virus g protein and g protein cx3c motif adversely affect cx3cr1+ t cell responses. | interactions between fractalkine (cx3cl1) and its receptor, cx3cr1, mediate leukocyte adhesion, activation, and trafficking. the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein has a cx3c chemokine motif that can bind cx3cr1 and modify cxcl1-mediated responses. in this study, we show that expression of the rsv g protein or the g protein cx3c motif during infection is associated with reduced cx3cr1+ t cell trafficking to the lung, reduced frequencies of rsv-specific, mhc class i-restricted ifn-gamma- ... | 2006 | 16424189 |
| respiratory syncytial virus induces tlr3 protein and protein kinase r, leading to increased double-stranded rna responsiveness in airway epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) preferentially infects airway epithelial cells, causing bronchiolitis, upper respiratory infections, asthma exacerbations, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, and pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. a replication intermediate of rsv is dsrna. this is an important ligand for both the innate immune receptor, tlr3, and protein kinase r (pkr). one known effect of rsv infection is the increased responsiveness of airway epithelial cells to subsequen ... | 2006 | 16424203 |
| deletion of tlr3 alters the pulmonary immune environment and mucus production during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the detection of a viral infection by pattern recognition receptors (pamps) is an integral part of antiviral immunity. in these studies we have investigated the role of tlr3, which recognizes dsrna, in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection using b6 background mice with a tlr3 deletion. although we observed no changes in viral growth, we did find that tlr3-/- mice demonstrated significant increases in mucus production in the airways of rsv-infected mice. the qualitative assessment was obser ... | 2006 | 16424225 |
| the interferon antagonist ns2 protein of respiratory syncytial virus is an important virulence determinant for humans. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is targeted for vaccine development, because it causes severe respiratory tract illness in the elderly, young children, and infants. a primary strategy has been to derive live attenuated viruses for use in intranasally administered vaccines that will induce a protective immune response. in the present study, the ns2 gene, whose encoded protein antagonizes the host's interferon- alpha / beta response, was deleted from rsv vaccine candidates by use of reverse gene ... | 2006 | 16425137 |
| gender analysis in acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus. | it is reasonable to compare immune reactions between boys and girls because many infections in the early stages are predominant in males. a relationship between immunomodulatory effects of sex hormone surge in boys at early months and infectious diseases is still unclear. we compared clinical features between boys and girls who suffered from wheezing that was initially triggered by acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. for systemic immune response evaluation, white blood cell (w ... | 2006 | 16426252 |
| mast cell activation and leukotriene secretion in wheezing infants. relation to respiratory syncytial virus and outcome. | the persistence of wheezing after early wheezing episodes in infancy may be related to the virus involved and to the type of inflammation during the initial wheezing. the role of mast cell activation and leukotriene secretion in wheezing, and the relation to outcome, is not known. our objective was to study markers of mast cell activation and leukotriene secretion from wheezing infants, and the relation to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and persistent wheezing. urinary 9alpha,11beta ... | 2006 | 16426253 |
| the cytoplasmic domain of the f protein of human respiratory syncytial virus is not required for cell fusion. | the cytoplasmic domains of the fusion proteins encoded by several viruses play a role in cell fusion and contain sites for palmitoylation associated with viral protein trafficking and virus assembly. the fusion (f) protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) has a predicted cytoplasmic domain of 26 residues containing a single palmitoylated cysteine residue that is conserved in bovine rsv f protein, but not in the f proteins of other pneumoviruses such as pneumonia virus of mice, human m ... | 2006 | 16432027 |
| respiratory viruses augment the adhesion of bacterial pathogens to respiratory epithelium in a viral species- and cell type-dependent manner. | secondary bacterial infections often complicate respiratory viral infections, but the mechanisms whereby viruses predispose to bacterial disease are not completely understood. we determined the effects of infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv-3), and influenza virus on the abilities of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae to adhere to respiratory epithelial cells and how these viruses alter the expression of known receptors ... | 2006 | 16439519 |
| importin-beta family members mediate alpharetrovirus gag nuclear entry via interactions with matrix and nucleocapsid. | the retroviral gag polyprotein orchestrates the assembly and release of virus particles from infected cells. we previously reported that nuclear transport of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) gag protein is intrinsic to the virus assembly pathway. to identify cis- and trans-acting factors governing nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, we developed novel vectors to express regions of gag in saccharomyces cerevisiae. the localization of gag proteins was examined in the wild type and in mutant strains deficie ... | 2006 | 16439536 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection reversed anti-asthma effect of neonatal bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination in balb/c mice. | bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccination can protect animals from asthma, but the effect of bcg on childhood asthma prevention is controversial in humans. to verify the hypothesis that the bcg anti-asthma effect in childhood might be reversed by a respiratory virus infection, newborn balb/c mice were divided into five groups. control and ovalbumin (ova) groups were mock vaccinated and mock infected. the bcg/ova group was bcg vaccinated and mock infected. the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)/o ... | 2006 | 16439580 |
| [inf-gamma during respiratory-syncytial induced obstructive respiratory syndrome in infection in children under one year of age]. | lately the connection of asthma and rsv drew the sufficient attention. the recurrent wheezing developed during the rsv in children is particularly frequent in the families having history of atopy. the decreased expression of infgamma may play the role in the pathogenesis of rsv infection. the target of our research was the study of the rate of infgamma during various clinical courses of rsv-infection and definition of its role in the pathogenesis of arvi. 52 children with rsv-associated wheezing ... | 2005 | 16444036 |
| the association of respiratory syncytial virus infection and influenza with emergency admissions for respiratory disease in london: an analysis of routine surveillance data. | the importance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in adults is not well known, because laboratory testing for rsv infection is not routine. both rsv infection and influenza are seasonally related, and it is difficult to disentangle one from the other and to disentangle infection from the season and the cold. | 2006 | 16447109 |
| climate change and the end of the respiratory syncytial virus season. | the seasons associated with laboratory isolation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (for 1981-2004) and rsv-related emergency department admissions (for 1990-2004) ended 3.1 and 2.5 weeks earlier, respectively, per 1 degrees c increase in annual central england temperature (p=.002 and .043, respectively). climate change may be shortening the rsv season. | 2006 | 16447114 |
| effect of altitude on hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the foremost cause of serious lower respiratory tract infection in young children and infants. because higher rates of hospitalization for bronchiolitis and pneumonia have been noted in high-altitude regions, we hypothesized that physiologic responses to altitude would predispose children to more severe illness from rsv infection. this study examined the effect of residential altitude on hospitalizations for rsv infection in colorado from 1998 throu ... | 2006 | 16452353 |
| deletion of ccr1 attenuates pathophysiologic responses during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the role of chemokines in chronic inflammatory responses are central to the recruitment of particular subsets of leukocytes. in the present studies, we have examined the role of ccr1 in the developing pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the lungs of infected balb/c mice. although we did not observe significant differences in clearance of rsv, we were able to identify decreased pathophysiologic responses in ccr1(-/-) mice. ccr1(-/-) mice displayed a significant reduction in both ... | 2006 | 16456018 |
| respiratory syncytial virus, airway inflammation, and fev1 decline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is increasingly recognized as an important pathogen in adults with cardiopulmonary disease. it has been associated with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd); however, it has also been detected in the lower airway in the stable state, but the consequences of rsv in stable disease have not previously been determined. we therefore studied the consequences of rsv persistence in adults with copd and its effect on airway inflammation and ... | 2006 | 16456141 |
| [therapeutics with replication--selective virus (rsv) for pancreatic cancer]. | | 2006 | 16457255 |
| suppression of pattern-recognition receptor tlr4 sensing does not alter lung responses to pneumovirus infection. | toll-like receptors (tlr) are an important component in the innate immune response to a wide variety of pathogens. recently, a series of studies has addressed the hypothesis that tlr4 also participates in the host innate response against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. in most of the studies available, rsv, which is not a natural pathogen of mice, has been systematically used in mouse models of human bronch ... | 2006 | 16458035 |
| nerve growth factor: the central hub in the development of allergic asthma? | neurotrophins like nerve growth factor (ngf), originally described as nerve growth factors in neuronal development, have been implicated in many physiological processes in the last years. they are now regarded as important factors involved in the resolution of pathological conditions. ngf has profound effects on inflammation, repair and remodeling of tissues. however, in the lung these beneficial effects can transact into disease promoting actions, e.g., in allergic inflammation or respiratory s ... | 2006 | 16458292 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infections: measures in immunocompromised patients]. | rsv infections are an annually recurring problem of significant morbiditiy and mortality in the immunocompromised host, especially after lung and stem cell transplantation. the effectiveness of hygienic (isolation) and therapeutic (ribavirin, immunoglobulin, pavilizumab) measures depends of high index of suspicion and rapid diagnostic confirmation by the antigen test, pcr and/or culture. allocation of resources require stratification of measures according to the known or estimated risk for compl ... | 2006 | 16459735 |
| seasonal distribution and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus among children in osaka city, japan. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is one of the etiological agents of respiratory tract infection (rti). because clinical symptoms of hmpv resemble those caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), clinical diagnosis of hmpv infection is difficult. moreover, hmpv isolation using cultured cells is generally difficult and not efficient compared with reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr). | 2006 | 16460998 |
| antiviral activities of purified compounds from youngia japonica (l.) dc (asteraceae, compositae). | the ethanol extract of a biannual medicinal herb, youngia japonica (commonly known as oriental hawk's beard) was reported previously to have potent antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cultured in hep-2 cells. three anti-microbial agents, namely 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and luteolin-7-o-glucoside were subsequently purified and chemically characterized from the ethanol extract of youngia japonica. the two dicaffeoylquinic acids exhibited promin ... | 2006 | 16469463 |
| epidemiology and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infections in jordan. | this study was carried out to determine the prevalence, seasonal distribution of rsv, the signs and symptoms associated with it in jordan. a total of 200 nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from hospitalized children (below 2 years old). rsv was detected in 12.5% of patients using direct immunofluorescence technique. most infections were associated with bronchilolitis, and higher rates of hypoxemia, retractions, tachypnea, hyperinflation and interstitial infiltrates in 1 to 3 months old child ... | 2006 | 16476671 |
| cytokine regulation in sars coronavirus infection compared to other respiratory virus infections. | the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is poorly understood and cytokine dysregulation has been suggested as one relevant mechanism to be explored. we compared the cytokine profile in caco2 cells after infection of sars coronavirus (sars-cov) with other respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza a virus (fluav), and human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hpiv2). interferon (ifn) system (production and response) was not suppressed by sars-cov infec ... | 2006 | 16482545 |
| bronchiolitis in abha, southwest saudi arabia: viral etiology and predictors for hospital admission. | bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in children less than 24 months of age and the most frequent cause of hospitalization in infants under 6 months of age. | 2005 | 16483044 |
| differentiation and immune function of human dendritic cells following infection by respiratory syncytial virus. | rsv causes annual epidemics of bronchiolitis in winter months resulting in the hospitalization of many infants and the elderly. dendritic cells (dcs) play a pivotal role in coordinating immune responses to infection and some viruses skew, or subvert, the immune functions of dcs. rsv infection of dcs could alter their function and this could explain why protection after natural rsv infection is incomplete and of short duration. in this study, this interaction between dcs and rsv was investigated ... | 2006 | 16487251 |
| validation of syndromic surveillance for respiratory infections. | a key public health question is whether syndromic surveillance data provide early warning of infectious outbreaks. one cause for skepticism is that biological correlates of the administrative and clinical data used in these systems have not been rigorously assessed. this study measures the value of respiratory data currently used in syndromic surveillance systems to detect respiratory infections by comparing it against criterion standard viral testing within a pediatric population. | 2006 | 16492494 |
| impaired virus-induced interferon-alpha2 release in adult asthmatic patients. | interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) not only serves as a first defence line of the immune system against viral attacks but also interacts with t-helper type 1 (th1)/ t-helper type 2 (th2) regulation and various other cell types like basophils and monocytes, thereby linking innate and acquired immunity. recently, we demonstrated that children with allergic asthma produced significantly lower amounts of virus-induced ifn-alpha2 compared with healthy children or those with intrinsic asthma. | 2006 | 16499644 |
| impact of il8 and il8-receptor alpha polymorphisms on the genetics of bronchial asthma and severe rsv infections. | interleukin 8 (il8) belongs to the family of chemokines. it mediates the activation and migration of neutrophils from peripheral blood into tissue and hereby plays a pivotal role in the initiation of inflammation. thus it is important in inflammatory lung diseases like bronchial asthma or severe infections by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). il8 acts through binding to the il8-receptor alpha (il8ra). for both genes association with asthma has been described. in addition, il8 has been found in ... | 2006 | 16503988 |
| community respiratory viruses as a cause of lower respiratory tract infections following suppressive chemotherapy in cancer patients. | community respiratory viruses are an important cause of respiratory disease in the immunocompromised patients with cancer. to evaluate the occurrence and clinical significance of respiratory virus infections in hospitalized cancer patients at national cancer institute, cairo university, during anticancer treatment, we studied cases that developed episodes of lower respiratory tract infections (lrti). | 2005 | 16508683 |
| expression of select immune genes (surfactant proteins a and d, sheep beta defensin 1, and toll-like receptor 4) by respiratory epithelia is developmentally regulated in the preterm neonatal lamb. | preterm infants experience enhanced susceptibility and severity to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. terminal airway epithelium is an important site of rsv infection and the extent of local innate immune gene expression is poorly understood. in this study, expression of surfactant proteins a and d (sp-ad), sheep beta defensin 1 (sbd1), and toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) mrna were determined in whole lung homogenates from lambs. sp-ad and tlr4 mrna expression increased (p < 0.05) from lat ... | 2006 | 16510184 |
| a single-season prospective study of respiratory viral infections in lung transplant recipients. | the frequency and complications of respiratory viral infections (rvi) were studied in 50 ambulatory lung transplant patients during a single winter season, using viral antigens, viral cultures and pcr of nasal washes or bronchoalveolar lavages. patients' survival, episodes of acute rejection and occurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans (bo) or bo syndrome (bos) were monitored for 1 yr after the study. overall, 32 (64%) patients had 49 symptomatic episodes. documented infections included eight due ... | 2006 | 16510454 |
| [neopterine and ige during respiratory-syncytial virus infection in infants]. | the number of studies confirms the correlation between ige and neopterine levels. one of the forms of revelation of the immune answer of t-cells is the activation of t-cell system, that in its turn results in secretion of il-2 and inf-gamma by th-1 subtype cells. activation of macrophages by inf-gamma the human organism. the target of our research was the evaluation of the role of the marker of macrophage activation -- neopterine in children with recurrent wheezing developed during onset of rsv ... | 2006 | 16510919 |
| hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children: development of a clinical prediction rule. | because passive immunization against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is costly, its use should be restricted to well-defined groups of high risk children. we aimed to develop a clinical prediction rule that estimates the individual monthly risk of hospitalization for rsv infection in young children. | 2006 | 16511380 |
| evidence that maturation of the n-linked glycans of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) glycoproteins is required for virus-mediated cell fusion: the effect of alpha-mannosidase inhibitors on rsv infectivity. | glycan heterogeneity of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) protein was demonstrated by proteomics. the effect of maturation of the virus glycoproteins-associated glycans on virus infectivity was therefore examined using the alpha-mannosidase inhibitors deoxymannojirimycin (dmj) and swainsonine (sw). in the presence of sw the n-linked glycans on the f protein appeared in a partially mature form, whereas in the presence of dmj no maturation of the glycans was observed. neither inhibi ... | 2006 | 16513154 |
| respiratory syncytial virus detection by remel xpect, binax now rsv, direct immunofluorescent staining, and tissue culture. | the performance characteristics of xpect rsv (xp) and binax now rsv (bn) were compared to those of direct fluorescent-antibody staining and/or tissue culture for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in nasopharyngeal aspirate and wash samples from children (n = 110) and adults (n = 66). the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of xp were 75%, 98%, 95%, and 90%, respectively; and those of bn were 74%, 100%, 100%, and 90%, respectively. the p ... | 2006 | 16517905 |
| [dingchuantang decoction restores the imbalance of th2/th1 in mice infected by respiratory syncytial virus]. | dingchuantang is a traditional chinese medicine decoction which has the qing, xuan and jiang components which have the ability to dispel (xuan), depress (jiang) and heat clear or febrigugal (qing). it has been used for asthma and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. however, the therapeutic mechanisms of the decoction have not been identified. to understand the mechanism of the anti-rsv property of dingchuantang, this study investigated the effects of dingchuantang and its three componen ... | 2006 | 16522244 |
| respiratory development of 5- to 6- year-old children experiencing a first bronchiolitis episode before age one. | the relationship between early infections due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), particularly bronchiolitis in infancy, and the subsequent development of asthma, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and/or other allergic manifestations, seems increasingly certain, even if the mechanisms involved are not yet quite clear. | 2005 | 16528903 |
| de novo biosynthesis of dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate by sphingosine kinase 1 in mammalian cells. | sphingosine kinase 1 (sk1) is one of the two known kinases, which generates sphingosine-1-phosphate (s1p), a potent endogenous lipid mediator involved in cell survival, proliferation, and cell-cell interactions. activation of sk1 and intracellular generation of s1p were suggested to be part of the growth and survival factor-induced signaling, and overexpression of sk1 provoked cell tumorigenic transformation. using a highly selective and sensitive lc-ms/ms approach, here we show that sk1 overexp ... | 2006 | 16529909 |
| enhanced clinical utility of the nuclisens easyq rsv a+b assay for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in clinical samples. | the aim of the present study was to compare traditional methods for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus with a newly developed commercial assay based on real-time nucleic acid sequence based amplification. respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of severe respiratory infection in infants and in certain groups of older children and adults. treatment options are limited, but a rapid diagnosis improves patient management and infection control. the rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncyt ... | 2006 | 16534566 |
| high incidence of pulmonary bacterial co-infection in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections (lrti). viral lrti is a risk factor for bacterial superinfection, having an escalating incidence with increasing severity of respiratory illness. a study was undertaken to determine the incidence of pulmonary bacterial co-infection in infants and children with severe rsv bronchiolitis, using paediatric intensive care unit (picu) admission as a surrogate marker of severity, and to study the impa ... | 2006 | 16537670 |
| lipopolysaccharide hyporesponsiveness as a risk factor for intensive care unit hospitalization in infants with respiratory syncitial virus bronchiolitis. | factors such as genetic heterogeneity in the immune response contribute to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis severity. such heterogeneity may manifest by an aberrant proliferation of phytohaemagglutinin (pha)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) in response to lipopolysaccharide (lps). the proliferation of pbmc was analysed in 52 infants: 21 ambulatory infants with mild rsv bronchiolitis (group i), 26 hospitalized infants with rsv bronchiolitis on ward (group ii) an ... | 2006 | 16542364 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in a murine model of cystic fibrosis. | viral respiratory infections play an important role in the development and progression of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis (cf). the cf mouse model provides a tool to examine the relationship between the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) defect and lung disease. this work investigates the cellular response to a common viral pathogen, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the lung of cf mice. rsv was administered by intranasal inoculation of cftr(tm1unc)-tg(fabpcftr)1j ... | 2006 | 16555274 |
| genetic diversity among respiratory syncytial viruses that have caused repeated infections in children from rural india. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes repeat infections throughout life. antigenic variability in the rsv g protein may play a significant role in reinfections. a variable region of the rsv g gene was analyzed for 14 viruses from seven children who experienced initial and repeat infections. eleven group a strains were in clades ga2 and ga5 and the three group b viruses were in the newly identified ba clade. in five children reinfections were caused by a heterologous group or genotype of rsv. ... | 2006 | 16555275 |
| vascular endothelial growth factor induction by rhinovirus infection. | vascular participation manifested by a runny nose (rhinorrhea) is a prominent feature of the acute consequences of rhinovirus infection. vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is an angiogenic factor that also induces potent increases in vascular permeability; it is a candidate mediator of rhinorrhea in response to rhinovirus infection as well as contributing to enhanced vascular leakage in rhinovirus-linked asthma exacerbations. it has been shown that rhinovirus induces significant increases ... | 2006 | 16555282 |
| differential resistance/susceptibility patterns to pneumovirus infection among inbred mouse strains. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a prominent cause of airway morbidity in children under 1 yr of age. it is assumed that host factors influence the severity of the disease presentation and thus the need for hospitalization. as a first step toward the identification of the underlying genes involved, this study was undertaken to establish whether inbred mouse strains differ in susceptibility to pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), the murine counterpart of rsv, which has been shown to accurately mim ... | 2006 | 16556725 |
| the role of the respiratory syncytial virus in airway syndromes in childhood. | the majority of infants admitted to hospital in infancy with lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) have been infected with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). infants and young children experiencing rsv lrtis experience increased respiratory morbidity in subsequent years, although the prevalence falls rapidly in early childhood. recent data support the suggestion that in most subjects, this recurrent morbidity is not attributable to atopic asthma and that in most respects, the acute and ... | 2006 | 16566858 |
| comparison of human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a virus lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized young children. | we compared the clinical and demographic features of children with lower respiratory tract infection (lri) caused by human metapneumovirus (hmpv), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus and sought to determine whether coinfection by hmpv and other respiratory viruses leads to increased disease severity. | 2006 | 16567983 |
| human metapneumovirus infection in young children hospitalized with respiratory tract disease. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a newly recognized pathogen associated with respiratory tract disease (rtd). | 2006 | 16567989 |
| 1,4-benzodiazepines as inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the cause of one-fifth of all lower respiratory tract infections worldwide and is increasingly being recognized as a serious threat to patient groups with poorly functioning immune systems. our approach to finding a novel inhibitor of this virus was to screen a 20 000-member diverse library in a whole cell xtt assay. parallel assays were carried out in the absence of virus in order to quantify any associated cell toxicity. this identified 100 compounds with i ... | 2006 | 16570927 |
| impact of respiratory syncytial virus on hospital admissions in children younger than 3 years of age. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the main pathogen associated to acute respiratory infections (ari) in children worldwide. | 2007 | 16580073 |
| characterization of human metapneumovirus infections in israel. | respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. even with the advancement of diagnostic tools, the causative agent of 20 to 30% of upper respiratory tract infections go undiagnosed. recently, a newly identified human respiratory virus, human metapneumovirus (hmpv), was discovered in young children in the netherlands. to study the prevalence of hmpv infections in israeli children, respiratory specimens from 388 hospitalized children less than 5 years of age ... | 2006 | 16597880 |
| human metapneumovirus infections cause similar symptoms and clinical severity as respiratory syncytial virus infections. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered pathogen in respiratory tract infection. the published literature suggests milder illness severity in hmpv compared with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. in two consecutive seasons, 637 nasopharyngeal aspirates from pediatric patients were tested by hmpv polymerase chain reaction, and risk factors and clinical and laboratory items were analyzed. the hmpv patients were compared with hmpv-negative but rsv-positive patients by matche ... | 2006 | 16607540 |
| [viral transactivation of transcription by nf-kappab in steroid-responsive simple nephrotic syndrome]. | to investigate the path of viral transactivation of transcription by nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-kappab) in the pathogenesis of steroid-responsive simple nephrotic syndrome (srsns) triggered by respiratory tract viruses. | 2006 | 16608070 |
| four year incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and young children referred to emergency departments for lower respiratory tract diseases in italy: the "osservatorio vrs" study (2000-2004). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a frequent cause of hospital admission in young children and high risk babies such as premature newborns, or babies with underlying cardiac or pulmonary disease, or immunodeficiency. outbreaks occur most frequently in the cold season in areas with temperate and mediterranean climates. aim of the "osservatorio vrs" study was to describe the time-related pattern of rsv epidemics in italy, across four consecutive epidemics, from 2000 to 2004. nasal specimens for ... | 2006 | 16608123 |
| prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants: an update. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a serious pathogen causing significant mortality and morbidity, especially in premature infants and infants with chronic lung disease or significant congenital heart disease. therapy for rsv infection is essentially supportive, although several new compounds are under investigation. therefore, immunoprophylaxis to prevent severe rsv disease in high-risk infants assumes great significance. palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to rsv, significantly redu ... | 2006 | 16608425 |
| differential chemokine expression following respiratory virus infection reflects th1- or th2-biased immunopathology. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major viral pathogen of infants that also reinfects adults. during rsv infection, inflammatory host cell recruitment to the lung plays a central role in determining disease outcome. chemokines mediate cell recruitment to sites of inflammation and are influenced by, and influence, the production of cytokines. we therefore compared chemokine production in a mouse model of immunopathogenic rsv infection in which either th1 or th2 immunopathology is induced by ... | 2006 | 16611912 |
| frequency of viruses associated with acute respiratory infections in children younger than five years of age at a locality of mexico city. | a locality in the district of tlalpan, mexico city, was selected in order to identify the viral agents in children younger than 5 years of age with acute respiratory infection (ari). a total of 300 children were randomly selected and were included in this study for a period of 13 months. during this period nasopharyngeal exudates were collected for the isolation of viral agents. monoclonal fluorescent antibodies were used for viral identification after cell culture. viral infection was detected ... | 2006 | 16612508 |
| comparison of complement fixation with two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of antibodies to respiratory viral antigens. | we compared complement fixation (cf) for the measurement of antibodies against influenza a, influenza b, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 (para-1, para-2, and para-3) with 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa kits, a and b). the igg elisa kits compared very well with each other except for the influenza a and b igg elisas. the igg elisas, in general, did not agree with cf in contrast, the igm elisas compared well with cf and each ot ... | 2006 | 16613352 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in human lung epithelial cells. | we have previously shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppargamma) agonists inhibited the inflammatory response of rsv-infected human lung epithelial cells. in this study, we supply evidence that specific ppargamma agonists (15d-pgj2, ciglitazone, troglitazone, fmoc-leu) efficiently blocked the rsv-induced cytotoxicity and development of syncytia in tissue culture (a549, hep-2). all ppargamma agonists under study markedly inhibited the cell surface expression of the viral ... | 2006 | 16616290 |
| t helper 1/t helper 2 cytokine imbalance in respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with increased endogenous plasma cortisol. | cellular immunity has classically been described as the defense mechanism for viral infections. the development of cellular or humoral immune responses will depend on a repertoire of cytokines produced by numerous cells, including cd4+ and cd8+ t cells. these lymphocytes can be subdivided into 2 subsets, t helper 1 (th1) and th2, on the basis of the cytokine profiles they synthesize. type 1 t cells produce interferon gamma (ifn-gamma), an essential cytokine in the viral cell-mediated immune resp ... | 2006 | 16618789 |
| intranasal immunisation with inactivated rsv and bacterial adjuvants induces mucosal protection and abrogates eosinophilia upon challenge. | we have previously shown that following intranasal exposure to influenza virus, specific plasma cells are generated in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (nalt) and maintained for the life of the animal. however, we also showed that following infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), specific plasma cells are generated in the nalt but wane quickly and are not maintained even after challenge, even though rsv-specific serum antibody responses remain robust. only infection with influenza ... | 2006 | 16619288 |
| respiratory syncytial virus inhibits granulocyte apoptosis through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and nf-kappab-dependent mechanism. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children. it is associated with increased neutrophil numbers in the airway. in this study, we assessed whether this ssrna virus can directly influence granulocyte longevity. by culturing rsv with granulocytes, it was observed that virus delays both constitutive neutrophil and eosinophil apoptosis. using pharmacological inhibitors, the rsv-induced delay in neutrophil apoptosis was found to be dependent on bo ... | 2006 | 16622022 |
| interactions of viral pathogens on hospital admissions for pneumonia, croup and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: results of a multivariate time-series analysis. | co-circulation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza has made the partitioning of morbidity and mortality from each virus difficult. given the interaction between chronic obstructive lung disease (copd) and pneumonia, often one can be mistaken for the other. multivariate time-series methodology was applied to examine the impact of rsv and influenza on hospital admissions for bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and copd. the granger causality test, used to determine the causal relationship amo ... | 2006 | 16623988 |
| respiratory syncytial virus group a and b genotypes and disease severity among cuban children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of serious lower tract infections in infants. comorbid conditions such as chronic diseases and prematurity have been associated with greater severity illness, but virus genotypes and disease severity is still unknown. | 2006 | 16624656 |
| impact of rapid influenza testing at triage on management of febrile infants and young children. | to determine the impact of an emergency department (ed) triage protocol for rapid influenza testing of febrile infants and children on additional diagnostic testing, ed charges and patient time in the ed. | 2006 | 16628094 |
| decreased bacterial clearance from the lungs of mice following primary respiratory syncytial virus infection. | virus respiratory infections often precede bacterial pneumonia in healthy individuals. in order to determine the potential role of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in bacterial secondary infections, a mouse sequential pulmonary infection model was developed. mice were exposed to rsv then challenged with streptococcus pneumoniae (stpn). exposure of balb/c mice to 10(6)-10(7) plaque forming units (pfu) of virus of rsv significantly decreased stpn clearance 1-7 days following rsv exposure. this fi ... | 2006 | 16628585 |
| an aetiopathological study of chronic bronchopneumonia in lambs in ireland. | chronic bronchopneumonia in lambs, also known as 'atypical' or 'chronic, non-progressive' pneumonia is a common, frequently sub-clinical disease affecting animals under 12-months-old in intensive production systems. infection with both mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and mannheimia haemolytica have been implicated in the aetiology of this condition and a variety of pulmonary lesions can result. in this study, detailed laboratory examination of 30 abattoir-derived lungs with the characteristic gross fea ... | 2007 | 16632391 |
| risk factors for hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus infection among infants in the basque country, spain. | this study analysed the role of several risk factors for hospitalization due to community-acquired, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the risk factors detected in infants hospitalized for rsv infection in the first 24 months of life were compared with those in the general infant population in our region. there were 361 episodes of hospitalization in 357 infants. eighty per cent of the infants did not present underlying conditions for severe rsv infection and only 10 (3%) were candidat ... | 2006 | 16638164 |
| alpha and lambda interferon together mediate suppression of cd4 t cells induced by respiratory syncytial virus. | the mechanism by which respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) suppresses t-cell proliferation to itself and other antigens is poorly understood. we used monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mddc) and cd4 t cells and measured [(3)h]thymidine incorporation to determine the factors responsible for rsv-induced t-cell suppression. these two cell types were sufficient for rsv-induced suppression of t-cell proliferation in response to cytomegalovirus or staphylococcus enterotoxin b. suppressive activity was tr ... | 2006 | 16641294 |
| alternaria aerosol during a bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection alters the severity of subsequent re-infection and enhances ige production. | previous studies with cattle and rodent models have shown that bovine and human rsv infections influence the immune response to inhaled allergen. in the present study, we extended these observations to examine the effect of fungal allergen alternaria alternata aerosol exposure (prior to and during brsv infection) on the immune response and clinical outcome of a secondary brsv infection. | 2006 | 16644011 |
| t280m variation of the cx3c receptor gene is associated with increased risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | recent data suggest that immunologic response during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is partially modified through interaction of viral g glycoprotein with the host's chemokine receptor, cx3cr1. we hypothesized that two nonsynonymous, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the cx3cr1 gene (cx3cr1-v249i and cx3cr1-t280m) that disrupt the affinity of cx3cr1 for its natural ligand (fractalkine) could also affect the g glycoprotein-cx3cr1 pathway. | 2006 | 16645504 |
| the impact of infection with human metapneumovirus and other respiratory viruses in young infants and children at high risk for severe pulmonary disease. | we conducted a prospective, observational study to characterize the clinical manifestations of respiratory infections caused by human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and other viruses in 194 premature infants and young children with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease in buenos aires. children had 567 episodes of respiratory illness and were monitored until they were 2 years old or until the completion of the study. hmpv elicited 12 infections (2%) year-round; 30% were of moderate or greater ... | 2006 | 16652283 |
| human metapneumovirus elicits weak ifn-gamma memory responses compared with respiratory syncytial virus. | human metapneumovirus (mpv) is a recently discovered pathogen that causes repeated lower respiratory tract infections beginning in infancy. the prevalence, nature and control of human regulatory responses to mpv are unknown. in this study, we develop and optimize systems to evaluate mpv-driven cytokine responses. using primary culture of human pbmc from previously exposed adults, mpv-stimulated responses were directly compared with those elicited by genetically and clinically similar respiratory ... | 2006 | 16670291 |
| the tlr4 agonist, monophosphoryl lipid a, attenuates the cytokine storm associated with respiratory syncytial virus vaccine-enhanced disease. | formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (fi-rsv) induces a poorly understood immunopathological response that leads to disease enhancement upon rsv infection of vaccinees. in the cotton rat model, inclusion of monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) in the fi-rsv formulation was found to mitigate the lung pathology associated with vaccine-enhanced disease. here we report that the protective effect of mpl on fi-rsv vaccine-enhanced disease is associated with a dramatic reduction in levels o ... | 2006 | 16675071 |
| five-year cohort study of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus associated lower respiratory tract infection in african children. | to describe the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) associated lower respiratory tract infection (rsv-lrti) hospitalizations in south african children over a 5-year period, and determine the impact of gestational age (ga) on the incidence of rsv-lrti hospitalization. | 2006 | 16678480 |
| plasmacytoid dendritic cells inhibit pulmonary immunopathology and promote clearance of respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is widely spread and is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants and high-risk adults, often leading to hospitalization. rsv infection leads to obstruction and inflammation of the airways and induction of innate and acquired immune responses. because dendritic cells (dcs) are essential in the elicitation of these immune responses, we investigated the presence and the role of dendritic cell subtypes upon rsv infection in the lung. here, we report that ... | 2006 | 16682497 |
| inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus in cultured cells by nucleocapsid gene targeted deoxyribozyme (dnazyme). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which presents the primary cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunodeficient patients, remains a health problem worldwide. unfortunately, an effective vaccine is currently unavailable and pharmacologic treatment needs further optimization for rsv disease. because rsv is a non-segmented negative-strand rna virus, it may be sensitive to the genome rna cleaving by dnazyme, an artificial nucleic aci ... | 2006 | 16687180 |
| nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection: impact of prospective surveillance and targeted infection control. | nosocomially acquired respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections cause serious problems in hospitalized patients. an increased effort should be made to describe the problems connected with such infections in pediatric hospitals, with the aim of reducing the occurrence of nosocomial rsv infections (ni). | 2006 | 16697255 |
| [genetic polymorphisms and infections]. | recent studies have shown that genetic variants, responsible for the different human response when facing an infectious risk, concerned the genes of proteins involved in either recognition of the infectious agent, in the inflammatory cascade, or in the coagulation process. for example, some studies clearly demonstrated that if a twin was affected by an infectious disease, the risk of infection by the same agent for the other twin was significantly higher in homozygote than in heterozygote twins. ... | 2006 | 16697544 |
| [studies on antiviral constituents in stems and leaves of pithecellibium clypearia]. | to study the antiviral constituents in the stems and leaves of pithecellibium clypearia. | 2006 | 16711425 |
| cost-effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis with palivizumab. | a monoclonal antibody, palivizumab, directed against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been shown to decrease hospitalisation rates. because of its expense, the cost-effectiveness of this agent should be determined for high-risk groups. | 2006 | 16712554 |
| combined fluticasone propionate and salmeterol reduces rsv infection more effectively than either of them alone in allergen-sensitized mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the major cause of bronchiolitis in infants and is a risk factor for the development of asthma. allergic asthmatics are more susceptible to rsv infection and viral exacerbation. | 2006 | 16719922 |
| prophylaxis with palivizumab against respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants with congenital heart disease--who should receive it? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the leading cause of infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants, and is also the leading cause of hospitalization during the first year of life. in this issue of acta paediatrica, meberg and bru report on the incidence and estimated costs of hospitalizations for rsv infections in children with congenital heart disease from a specified region in norway. conclusion: incidence figures of hospitalization due to rsv infection in this high-risk g ... | 2006 | 16720482 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in congenital heart defects--hospitalizations and costs. | to register hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections and estimate costs of prophylaxis with humanized monoclonal antibodies (palivizumab) against rsv, compared to hospital care, in cases with congenital heart defects (chds). | 2006 | 16720485 |
| increased levels of bal cysteinyl leukotrienesinacute [corrected] rsv bronchiolitis. | cysteinyl leukotrienes (cyslts), including ltc4, ltd4 and lte4, are pivotal mediators in the pathophysiology of asthma. | 2006 | 16720498 |
| [clinical and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory virus infections among adults hospitalized during 2004 influenza season]. | during yearly influenza (flu) season, flu viruses are well represented among hospitalized patients as in the community. also, other respiratory viruses could be represented among adult in-patients. aim: to describe the presence and clinical- epidemiological characteristics of non-flu respiratory virus infections (respiratory syncytial-rsv, parainfluenza and adenovirus-adv) among hospitalized adults during flu season and to compare with flu-a (ia) or -b (ib) cases. | 2006 | 16721443 |
| [respiratory virus infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and febrile neutropenia: a prospective study]. | respiratory viruses are the most common infections in healthy children. the impact of these infections in cancer patients has been only recently recognized in chile. | 2006 | 16721444 |
| antiviral flavans from the leaves of pithecellobium clypearia. | two new antiviral flavan derivatives were isolated from a methanol extract of leaves of pithecellobium clypearia as guided by antiviral assays. the structures were characterized, by spectroscopic analyses, as 7-o-galloyltricetifavan (1) and 7,4'-di-o-galloyltricetifavan (2). cytopathic effect (cpe) reduction assay showed that both compounds 1 and 2 possess antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), with 50% inhibition concentration (ic(50)) values of 5 and 10 microg/ml, respec ... | 2006 | 16724853 |
| characterization of the cd8+ t cell responses directed against respiratory syncytial virus during primary and secondary infection in c57bl/6 mice. | the balb/c mouse model for human respiratory syncytial virus infection has contributed significantly to our understanding of the relative role for cd4+ and cd8+ t cells to immune protection and pathogenic immune responses. to enable comparison of rsv-specific t cell responses in different mouse strains and allow dissection of immune mechanisms by using transgenic and knockout mice that are mostly available on a c57bl/6 background, we characterized the specificity, level and functional capabiliti ... | 2006 | 16730775 |
| the cysteine-rich region and secreted form of the attachment g glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus enhance the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte response despite lacking major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted epitopes. | the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response is important for the control of viral replication during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the attachment glycoprotein (g) of rsv does not encode major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted epitopes in balb/c mice (h-2(d)). furthermore, studies to date have described an absence of significant ctl activity directed against this protein in humans. therefore, g previously was not considered necessary for the generation of rsv-specific ctl ... | 2006 | 16731924 |
| serum regulated upon activation, normal t cell expressed and presumably secreted concentrations and eosinophils in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the aim of this study was to characterize respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. to do this, the authors evaluated eosinophil counts and chemokines including regulated upon activation, normal t cell expressed and presumably secreted (rantes) in children with rsv, adenoviral, and influenza virus infections. | 2006 | 16732790 |
| systemic eosinophil response induced by respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract disease (lrtd) in infants. eosinophils have been suggested to play a role in the disease pathogenesis of lrtd. inflammation can induce functional and morphological alterations of peripheral blood granulocytes. in patients with rsv lrtd, we aimed to investigate the eosinophil activation status by analysing surface markers. in vitro stimulation of eosinophils with cytokines leads to up-regulation of cd11b and priming ma ... | 2006 | 16734609 |
| anti-rna virus activity of polyoxometalates. | the anti-rna virus activity of polyoxometalates (pom) is reviewed, with a special emphasis on the anti-respiratory virus activities. there are many causative agents of acute viral respiratory infections; and it is rather difficult to identify the relevant agent in a given case by rapid clinical means. during acute progress of infection before the definitive diagnosis is obtained physicians need to prescribe certain broad spectrum anti-viral drugs. a titanium containing polyoxotungstate, pm-523 e ... | 2006 | 16737794 |