| hepatitis a associated with semidried tomatoes, france, 2010. | | 2011 | 21392466 |
| hepatitis a outbreak predominantly affecting men who have sex with men in northern ireland, october 2008 to july 2009. | we describe an outbreak of hepatitis a which evolved in northern ireland between october 2008 and july 2009, against a background of large concurrent hepatitis a outbreaks in various parts of europe. thirty-eight cases were defined as outbreak cases using a stratified case definition; 36 were males with a median age of 29 years and of the 28 males whose sexual orientation was known, 26 were men who have sex with men(msm). detailed descriptive epidemiology data collected through standardised ques ... | 2011 | 21392487 |
| use of a catalytic model to estimate hepatitis a incidence in a low-endemicity country: implications for modeling immunization policies. | background: evaluating the cost-effectiveness of vaccine programs with dynamic modeling requires accurate estimates of incidence over time. because infectious diseases are often underreported, supplementary data and statistical analyses are required to estimate true incidence. this study estimates the true incidence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in canada using a catalytic model. methods: a catalytic model was used to reconcile hav seroprevalence data with the corresponding true cumulativ ... | 2011 | 21393559 |
| [hiccups and acute hepatitis a virus.] | | 2011 | 21397920 |
| gene-trap mutagenesis identifies mammalian genes contributing to intoxication by clostridium perfringens e-toxin. | the clostridium perfringens e-toxin is an extremely potent toxin associated with lethal toxemias in domesticated ruminants and may be toxic to humans. intoxication results in fluid accumulation in various tissues, most notably in the brain and kidneys. previous studies suggest that the toxin is a pore-forming toxin, leading to dysregulated ion homeostasis and ultimately cell death. however, mammalian host factors that likely contribute to e-toxin-induced cytotoxicity are poorly understood. a lib ... | 2011 | 21412435 |
| exposure to multiple subgenotypes of hepatitis a virus during an outbreak using matched serum and saliva specimens. | matched serum and saliva samples were collected simultaneously from 124 subjects exposed during a hepatitis a virus (hav) outbreak at a daycare center in rio de janeiro, brazil. all samples were tested for igm and total anti-hav antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (eia). hav was detected by nested pcr in serum, saliva, and water samples employing primers for the vp1/2a region of the viral rna; all positive products were then sequenced. the viral load of the matched samples was determined by real-ti ... | 2011 | 21412786 |
| prevalence of igg anti-hav in patients with chronic hepatitis b and in the general healthy population in korea. | few studies have investigated hepatitis a virus (hav) seroepidemiology in koreans with chronic liver disease (cld). this study compared the prevalence of igg anti-hav between the general healthy population and patients with hepatitis b virus-related cld (hbv-cld), with the aim of identifying predictors of hav prior exposure. | 2010 | 21415579 |
| expression of a recombinant chimeric protein of hepatitis a virus vp1-fc using a replicating vector based on beet curly top virus in tobacco leaves and its immunogenicity in mice. | we describe the expression and immunogenicity of a recombinant chimeric protein (hav vp1-fc) consisting of human hepatitis a virus vp1 and an fc antibody fragment using a replicating vector based on beet curly top virus (bctv) in agrobacterium-infiltrated nicotiana benthamiana leaves. recombinant hav vp1-fc was expressed with a molecular mass of approximately 68 kda. recombinant hav vp1-fc, purified using protein a sepharose affinity chromatography, elicited production of specific igg antibodies ... | 2011 | 21442402 |
| hepatitis a virus-related late-onset hepatic failure: a case report. | late-onset hepatic failure, the least of the fulminant hepatic failures, has not occurred in patients with hepatitis a virus-related acute liver failure. we report a rare case of hepatitis a virus-related late-onset hepatic failure treated successfully by an emergent liver transplant. a 58-year-old japanese woman who presented with fever and general malaise was diagnosed as having jaundice and liver dysfunction by a positive serum test for anti-hepatitis a virus igm, which ultimately led to a di ... | 2011 | 21453235 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a and associated socioeconomic factors in young healthy korean adults. | an epidemiologic shift of hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence is expected due to an improvement in socioeconomic status in young adults in korea. we investigated the age-specific seroprevalence and socioeconomic factors associated with hav seropositivity in young, healthy korean adults. | 2011 | 21461079 |
| acute hepatitis a virus infection without igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus. | | 2011 | 21464358 |
| shifting susceptibility to hepatitis a among children and adolescents over the past decade. | objectives: to estimate the prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) antibodies in serum samples from children and adolescents obtained at two clinical pathology laboratories in the city of porto alegre, south of brazil, and compare findings to those of a study carried out in the 1990s. methods: in this cross-sectional study conducted between 2007 and 2008, 465 serum samples obtained from subjects aged 1-19 years were consecutively tested to determine the prevalence of total anti-hav anti ... | 2011 | 21468471 |
| hepatitis a virus vaccine escape variants and potential new serotype emergence. | six hepatitis a virus antigenic variants that likely escaped the protective effect of available vaccines were isolated, mostly from men who have sex with men. the need to complete the proper vaccination schedules is critical, particularly in the immunocompromised population, to prevent the emergence of vaccine-escaping variants. | 2011 | 21470474 |
| predictors of outcome in acute-on-chronic liver failure in children. | acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) is associated with a high mortality rate in the absence of liver transplantation. there is limited data on predictors of survival in aclf in children. therefore, we prospectively studied the predictors of outcome of aclf in children. | 2011 | 21484110 |
| a nationwide seroprevalence of total antibody to hepatitis a virus from 2005 to 2009: age and area-adjusted prevalence rates. | recent outbreak of hepatitis a in korea is clearly related to the epidemiological shift of hepatitis a virus (hav). however, nationwide seroprevalence data have been limited. this study estimated the nationwide, age- and area-adjusted anti-hav prevalence from 2005 to 2009. | 2011 | 21494077 |
| immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine when coadministered with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines in children 15 months of age. | background:: this study (nct00197236) evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine when coadministered with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (dtap) and haemophilusinfluenzae type b (hib) vaccines in children 15 months of age. methods:: this was an open-labeled, multicenter study with healthy subjects enrolled and randomized (1:1:1) into 3 treatment groups. a total of 394 subjects received the first study vaccinations at 15 months of age. group hav (n = 135) ... | 2011 | 21494175 |
| analysis of synonymous codon usage in hepatitis a virus. | abstract: | 2011 | 21496278 |
| grape seed extract for the control of human enteric viruses. | grape seed extract (gse) is reported to have many pharmacological benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial properties. however, the effect of this inexpensive rich source of natural phenolic compounds on human enteric viruses has not been well documented. in the present study, the effect of commercial gse, gravinol-s, on the infectivity of human enteric virus surrogates (feline calicivirus, fcv-f9; murine norovirus, mnv-1; bacteriophage ms2) and hep ... | 2011 | 21498749 |
| [anti-hepatitis a virus seropositivity in children of immigrant parents living in france and vaccination recommendations.] | the hepatitis a-seropositivity rate for children born in france is very low: 0 of 81 born to two french-born parents and 5 of 126 (4 %) infants for whom at least one parent was born in an endemic area. in contrast, the rate was high (28.8 %, 17/59) for children born in an endemic area. hence, recommendations to vaccinate children who could be exposed during overseas trips to visit family or by visiting family members coming from endemic areas are fully justified. | 2011 | 21511444 |
| multiplexed detection of nucleic acids in a combinatorial screening chip. | multiplexed diagnostic testing has the potential to dramatically improve the quality of healthcare. simultaneous measurement of health indicators and/or disease markers reduces turnaround time and analysis cost and speeds up the decision making process for diagnosis and treatment. at present, however, most diagnostic tests only provide information on a single indicator or marker. development of efficient diagnostic tests capable of parallel screening of infectious disease markers could significa ... | 2011 | 21512691 |
| [the seroprevalence rate, vaccination rate and seroconversion rate of hepatitis a in central region of korea.] | background/aims: acute hepatitis a (hav) is markedly increasing recently on. some patients with acute hepatitis a show severe clinical course. the seroprevalence rate of igg anti-hav has been changing with the regions and the times. vaccination and seroconversion rate of hav are not well known. in this study, we aimed to study the difference of seroprevalence rate of igg anti-hav according to various clinical factors and to know the vaccination rate and seroconversion rate below 10 years old in ... | 2011 | 21519164 |
| genotyping of acute hepatitis a virus isolates from china, 2003-2008. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is usually transmitted by an oral-fecal route and is prevalent not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. in the present study, the phylogenetic characterization of the vp1/2a junction region (321 nucleotides) of china hav isolates was examined. anti-hav igm-positive serum samples were collected from 8 provinces, including 20 cities or counties in china from 2003 to 2008; 337 isolates from 406 hav patients' serum samples were amplified by rt-pcr, se ... | 2011 | 21520140 |
| molecular detection of multiple viral targets in untreated urban sewage from greece. | abstract: | 2011 | 21524296 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence among infants aged 12 months in ankara. | seroprevalence studies in various age groups contribute to a better understanding of hepatitis a infection and response to hepatitis a immunization. hepatitis a seroprevalence in 12-month-old infants from ankara was studied. among 601 healthy infants, overall hepatitis a seropositivity was found to be 23.5%. there were no gender differences in seropositivity (22.6% for male and 24.5% for female infants). although vaccination of infants would be an ideal prevention strategy, presence of maternal ... | 2011 | 21534354 |
| severe hepatotoxicity and probable hepatorenal syndrome associated with sulfadiazine. | purpose the case of a patient who developed hepatorenal syndrome during treatment with sulfadiazine for toxoplasmosis retinitis is reported. summary a 20-year-old caucasian woman weighing 59 kg was admitted to the infectious diseases ward of a hospital in may 2009 with nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. in march 2009, she was diagnosed with toxoplasmosis retinitis and received sulfadiazine 3 g daily, pyrimethamine 50 mg daily, leucovorin 15 mg daily, and prednisolone 75 mg daily; she continued thes ... | 2011 | 21546639 |
| evaluation of immune response to hepatitis a vaccination and vaccine safety in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. | autoimmune mechanisms and drugs used in treatment increase the risk of liver disease in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (jia) and hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination is important, especially in intermediate-endemicity areas like turkey. in our study, we aimed to evaluate the immune response to hepatitis a vaccine and vaccine safety in children with jia. | 2011 | 21550006 |
| [hepatitis a - combined prolonged biphasic and cholestatic course of disease.] | history and admission findings: one month after a first manifestation of a hepatitis a infection and transaminases had become normal, a 44-year-old woman again became jaundiced with accompanied by weakness, nausea and nocturnal sweating. investigations: laboratory tests again showed features of hepatitis with decreased synthetic liver function and hyperbilirubinemia, changes which persisted for 12 weeks. serological and virological studies revealed a positive test for anti-hepatitis a virus (hav ... | 2011 | 21560106 |
| development of duplex rt-pcr-elisa for the simultaneous detection of hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus. | this study aimed to develop a specific and sensitive duplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (duplex rt-pcr-elisa) for hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev). duplex rt-pcr-elisa could detect and differentiate hav and hev with specific probes. when elisa technique was used to detect probe-bound rt-pcr products, duplex rt-pcr-elisa could detect as little as 0.1ng/μl hav and hev from clinical samples. human norovirus, enterovirus, polio ... | 2011 | 21565222 |
| chronic virus infections supress atopy but not asthma in a set of children from a large latin american city: a cross-section study. | abstract: background: the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased over recent decades in affluent countries, but remains low in rural populations and some non-affluent countries. an explanation for these trends is that increased exposure to infections may provide protection against the development of allergy. in this work we investigated the association between exposure to viral infections in children living in urban brazil and the prevalence of atopy and asthma. methods: school age childr ... | 2011 | 21569568 |
| norovirus, hepatitis a virus and enterovirus presence in shellfish from high quality harvesting areas in portugal. | this is the first report on the screening of shellfish from portugal for the presence of human enteropathogenic viruses. approximately 2000 shellfish (curbicula fluminea, ruditapes decussatus, tellina crassa, spisula solida, dosinia exoleta, ensis spp., mytilus spp., ostrea edulis and cerastoderma edule), organized in 49 batches, were collected between march 2008 and february 2009. they were tested for norovirus (nov), hepatitis a virus (hav) and enterovirus (ev) by rt-pcr followed by nucleotide ... | 2011 | 21569936 |
| effective hepatitis a virus inactivation during low-heat dehydration of contaminated green onions. | preserving fruits and vegetables by dehydration is common; however, information is limited concerning viral survival on the produce during the process. this work demonstrated the effects of low heat dehydration on inactivating hepatitis a virus (hav) on contaminated green onions. inoculated and uninoculated onion samples were dehydrated at target temperatures of 45-65 °c for 20 h. hav from artificially contaminated onions (fresh or dehydrated) was eluted by shaking at 145 rpm at 20 °c for 20 min ... | 2011 | 21569944 |
| survival of human norovirus surrogates in milk, orange, and pomegranate juice, and juice blends at refrigeration (4 °c). | fresh fruits, juices, and beverages have been implicated in human noroviral and hepatitis a virus outbreaks. the purpose of this study was to determine the survival of human norovirus surrogates (murine norovirus, mnv-1; feline calicivirus, fcv-f9; and bacteriophage ms2) in juices (orange and pomegranate juices), juice blends (pomegranate and orange juice) and milk over 0, 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 days at refrigeration (4 °c). juices, juice blends, and milk were inoculated with each virus over 21 day ... | 2011 | 21569952 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a pediatric dose virosomal hepatitis a vaccine in thai hiv-infected children. | the immunogenicity and safety of a pediatric dose of a virosomal hepatitis a vaccine (epaxal(®)) was evaluated in a group of 45 thai children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, age 2-16 years. vaccines were administered at 0 and 6 months. anti-hav antibody titers were measured at baseline (before injection) 1 and 7 months after primary vaccination. the prevalence of hav protective antibody in 45 thai hiv-infected children was 13.6%. the seroprotection rate was 71% at 1 month and ... | 2011 | 21570433 |
| immunogenicity of hepatitis a vaccine in children with celiac disease. | objectives:: the response to hepatitis a vaccine has not been studied in children with celiac disease (cd). the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine and the effect of the hla type on immunogenicity in children with cd. methods:: thirty-three patients with cd and 62 healthy control subjects were enrolled. inactivated hav vaccine (havrix®) containing 720 elisa units of alum-adsorbed hepatitis a antigen was administered intramuscular ... | 2011 | 21587080 |
| immunological and molecular epidemiological characteristics of acute and fulminant viral hepatitis a. | abstract: background: hepatitis a virus is an infection of liver; it is hyperendemic in vast areas of the world including india. in most cases it causes an acute self limited illness but rarely fulminant. there is growing concern about change in pattern from asymptomatic childhood infection to an increased incidence of symptomatic disease in the adult population. objective: in-depth analysis of immunological, viral quantification and genotype of acute and fulminant hepatitis a virus. methods: se ... | 2011 | 21605420 |
| long-term durability of immune responses after hepatitis a vaccination among hiv-infected adults. | background. vaccination provides long-term immunity to hepatitis a virus (hav) among the general population, but there are no such data regarding vaccine durability among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected adults. methods. we retrospectively studied hiv-infected adults who had received 2 doses of hav vaccine. we analyzed blood specimens taken at 1 year, 3 years, and, when available, 6-10 years postvaccination. hav immunoglobulin g (igg) values of ≥10 miu/ml were considered seropositiv ... | 2011 | 21606540 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a among thai population residing near myanmar border. | hen compared with thailand, the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) is extremely high among its neighbouring countries. to investigate the seroprevalence of hav among the thai people residing in the border area between thailand and myanmar, 308 residents in umphang, maesod district, tak, were recruited. sera were tested for hav igg antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the overall seroprevalence among the thai people residing in the border area of thailand was significantly high ... | 2011 | 21608427 |
| standardized positive controls for detection of norovirus by reverse transcription pcr. | abstract: background: norovirus is one of the most common causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. rapid spread by contaminated food and person-to-person transmission through the fecal-oral route are characteristics of norovirus and result in high morbidity in vulnerable patient populations. therefore, detection of norovirus is a major public health concern. currently, the most common method for detecting and differentiating among noroviruses in clinical and environmental samples is rev ... | 2011 | 21612660 |
| epidemiological investigation and analysis of hepatitis a virus genomes in the three cases of hepatitis a infections that occurred in april-may 2010. | | 2011 | 21617316 |
| immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine when coadministered with measles-mumps-rubella and varicella vaccines in children less than 2 years of age. | background:: hepatitis a vaccination in early childhood has reduced hepatitis a transmission. coadministration of hepatitis a vaccine with other childhood vaccines may assist completion of the age-appropriate immunization schedule. we assessed the immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine when coadministered with measles-mumps-rubella (mmr) and varicella vaccines in children less than 2 years of age. methods:: in this open-label, randomized, multicenter study, 3 group ... | 2011 | 21617573 |
| medical microbiology | the picornaviruses are small (22 to 30 nm) nonenveloped, single-stranded rna viruses
with cubic symmetry. the virus capsid is composed of 60 protein subunits, each
consisting of four poly-peptides vp1–vp4. because they contain no
essential lipids, they are ether resistant. they replicate in the cytoplasm. the
picornaviruses that affect humans are the enteroviruses, found primarily in the gut;
the rhinoviruses, found ... | 1996 | 21413259 |
| analysis of timeliness of infectious disease reporting in the netherlands. | abstract: background: timely reporting of infectious disease cases to public health authorities is essential to effective public health response. to evaluate the timeliness of reporting to the dutch municipal health services (mhs), we used as quantitative measures the intervals between onset of symptoms and mhs notification, and between laboratory diagnosis and notification with regard to six notifiable diseases. methods: we retrieved reporting data from june 2003 to december 2008 from the dutch ... | 2011 | 21624131 |
| rapid detection of hepatitis c virus rna by a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | the usefulness of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid diagnosis of hepatitis c virus rna was evaluated. this assay showed higher sensitivities than that of nested rt-pcr, with a detection limit of 600 iu ml(-1) and no cross-reactivity was observed with hav, hbv and hev. furthermore, 106 stored sera from recently diagnosed cases were retrospectively investigated with real time rt-pcr, the nested rt-pcr, in parallel with this new assay. the general detection rate ... | 2011 | 21635570 |
| multicentric evaluation of new commercial enzyme immunoassays for the detection of immunoglobulin m and total antibodies against hepatitis a virus. | a multicentric clinical study was conducted on representative sera from 1,738 european and u.s. subjects for the evaluation of new anti-hepatitis a virus enzyme immunoassays from bio-rad laboratories. comparison with reference diasorin s.p.a. tests confirmed the good performance of bio-rad assays (99.85% and 99.47% overall agreement in detecting total antibodies and igm, respectively). | 2011 | 21653739 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in korea: changes over the past 30 years. | this study aimed to assess the immune status of the korean population against hepatitis a virus (hav). residual serum samples from 2008 to 2010 were collected from diagnostic laboratories and a total of 1,872 samples were analyzed. anti-hav seroprevalence was 57.3% in subjects aged 1-4 yr, 69.8% at 5-9 yr and decreased to 38.8% at 10-14 yr, 13.0% at 15-19 yr, and 11.7% at 20-29 yr. seroprevalence increased with increasing age: 52.2% at 30-39 yr, 83.2% at 40-49 yr, 81.4% at 50-59 yr, 93.2% at 60- ... | 2011 | 21655066 |
| hepatitis a virus infection: progress made, more work to be done. | | 2011 | 21660374 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a immunity among brazilian adult patients with liver cirrhosis: is hav vaccination necessary? | patients with chronic liver disease have a higher risk of fulminant hepatitis when infected with hepatitis a virus, and vaccination of these patients against such infection is recommended. in brazil, mainly in the south and southeast regions, the epidemiology of hepatitis a (ha) has shifted from high to intermediate endemicity, which would have implication on policy of ha vaccination for these populations. | 2011 | 21670929 |
| seroepidemiological survey of transmissible infectious diseases in a portuguese prison establishment. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in 151 (71.6%) of 211 male inmates of a regional portuguese prison in order to establish the seroprevalence for viral hepatitis (hav, hbv, hcv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), syphilis and herpes simplex virus (hsv-1 and hsv-2) and to analyze some psychosocial and criminal characteristics. mean age was 34 years. anti-hav was positive in 69.5% (n = 105) and in 34.4% (n = 52) for anti-hcv. one (0.7%) person had hbsag and 29 (19.2%) had laboratory markers ... | 2011 | 21670930 |
| the seroconversion rate of hepatitis a virus vaccination among patients with hepatitis b virus-related chronic liver disease in korea. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the seroconversion rate of a hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination in patients with hepatitis b virus (hbv)-related chronic liver disease (cld). | 2011 | 21814604 |
| inactivation of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses on seeded human tissues by gamma irradiation. | human tissue allografts are widely used in a variety of clinical applications with over 1.5 million implants annually in the us alone. since the 1990s, most clinically available allografts have been disinfected to minimize risk of disease transmission. additional safety assurance can be provided by terminal sterilization using low dose gamma irradiation. the impact of such irradiation processing at low temperatures on viruses was the subject of this study. in particular, both human tendon and co ... | 2011 | 21809182 |
| mems biosensor for detection of hepatitis a and c viruses in serum. | resonant microcantilever arrays are developed for the purpose of label-free and real-time analyte monitoring and biomolecule detection. mems cantilevers made of electroplated nickel are functionalized with hepatitis antibodies. hepatitis a and c antigens at different concentrations are introduced in undiluted bovine serum. all preparation and measurement steps are carried out in the liquid within a specifically designed flowcell without ever drying the cantilevers throughout the experiment. both ... | 2011 | 21803562 |
| recovery of duck hepatitis a virus 3 from a stable full-length infectious cdna clone. | recently, duck hepatitis a virus 3 (dhav-3) with genetically distinct characteristics from dhav-1 and dhav-2 was recognized in south korea and china. in this short communication, we successfully constructed a stable full-length infectious cdna clone derived from dhav-3 by solving instability of cloned full-length cdna in escherichia coli (e. coli). the cdna fragments amplified from the genome of dhav-3 were assembled and inserted into a low-copy-number plasmid. finally, a full-length cdna clone ... | 2011 | 21801768 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies in the u.s.: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey. | we described seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) in the united states during 1999-2006 and compared it with seroprevalence before the availability of vaccine. | 2011 | 21800746 |
| an engineered viral protease exhibiting substrate specificity for a polyglutamine stretch prevents polyglutamine-induced neuronal cell death. | polyglutamine (polyq)-induced protein aggregation is the hallmark of a group of neurodegenerative diseases, including huntington's disease. we hypothesized that a protease that could cleave polyq stretches would intervene in the initial events leading to pathogenesis in these diseases. to prove this concept, we aimed to generate a protease possessing substrate specificity for polyq stretches. | 2011 | 21799895 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus infections in catalonia, spain, 2005-2009: circulation of newly emerging strains. | background: in spite of annual vaccination campaigns, hepatitis a cases increased in catalonia (north-east spain) in the period 2002-2005 calling for the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms associated to the epidemiological shifts. objective: the molecular characterization of the circulating strains to trace their origin and the study of the effects of vaccination on the incidence of sporadic and outbreak-associated cases. study design: forty-eight different hepatitis a virus (hav) strains ... | 2011 | 21798796 |
| inactivation of hepatitis a variants during heat treatment (pasteurization) of human serum albumin. | background: pasteurization of human serum albumin (hsa) is detailed in the us and european pharmacopoeial monographs and therefore a process that allows for little variation in physiochemical variables. nevertheless, differences of up to 3.9 log in hepatitis a virus (hav) inactivation by pasteurization have been reported. here, the hypothesis that the choice of hav variant used in the pasteurization might contribute to this inactivation variability is evaluated experimentally. study design and m ... | 2011 | 21790623 |
| the use of solvent/detergent treatment in pathogen reduction of plasma. | the solvent/detergent (sd) process used for plasma can safely inactivate all lipid-enveloped viruses. the introduction of a specific prion-binding ligand gel in combination with sd treatment, time-reduced from 4 to 1-1.5 h, still ensures efficient virus kill, reduces abnormal prion protein by >5 log steps, and preserves levels of plasmin inhibitor at close to the reference range. infections with known non-enveloped viruses such as hav or parvovirus b19 are prevented by ensuring low virus loads i ... | 2011 | 21779207 |
| environmental surveillance. an additional/alternative approach for virological surveillance in greece? | the detection of viruses in the sewage of an urban city by nucleic acid amplification techniques allows the identification of the viral strains that are circulating in the community. the aim of the study was the application of such detection which gives useful data on the distribution, spread, and frequency of these viruses, supporting epidemiological studies of the related viral infections. a two year (2007-2009) survey was conducted in order to evaluate the presence of human adenoviruses (hadv ... | 2011 | 21776209 |
| prolonged viral excretion in faeces among patients with hepatitis a. | | 2011 | 21748866 |
| [molecular and clinical characterization of hepatitis a virus in gwangju and jeonnam province]. | dominant genotype of hepatitis a virus (hav) in korea had been known to be genotype 1a in 1990s. recently, the epidemiologic change of hav genotype was reported with an upsurge of acute hepatitis a in korea. the aim of this study was to investigate the change of hav genotypes and clinical characteristics in gwangju and jeonnam province. | 2011 | 21694486 |
| hepatitis a antibody seroprevalence among medical school students. | a total of 324 first- to third-year medical school students were examined for anti-hepatitis a virus igg. of these 324 students, 37 were found to be anti-hepatitis a virus igg positive (11.4%). mass screening of medical students for seropositivity and vaccination of nonimmune students should be considered before starting medical clerkships. | 2011 | 21696859 |
| positive epstein-barr virus and cytomegalovirus igm assays in primary hiv infection. | we report three cases with misleading cytomegalovirus (cmv) or epstein-barr virus (ebv) immunoglobulin m (igm) results during primary human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. we determined the rate of positive anti-cmv igm assays or anti-ebv capsid antigen igm assays in sera from a group of well-characterized subjects with primary hiv infection as 2.9% (1/35; 95%ci: 0.15-16.6%) for each infection. the rate of positive anti-ebv capsid antigen igm assays in subjects with positive hepatitis a ... | 2011 | 21678445 |
| comparative analysis of disease severity between genotypes ia and iiia of hepatitis a virus. | although hepatitis a is a major health problem worldwide, it has not yet been clarified whether or not viral factors affect the clinical characteristics. this study aimed to investigate if a genotype of hepatitis a virus (hav) affects disease severity among adolescent and adult populations. clinical data and specimens were collected from patients ôëñ16-years-of-age with acute hepatitis a at two university hospitals in korea during the two study periods: 1998 and 1999 (n = 45), and 2009 (nôçë=ôçë ... | 2011 | 21678434 |
| acute on chronic liver disease in children from the developing world: recognition and prognosis. | objectives:: a subset of children with chronic liver disease (cld) decompensate following an acute insult. however, data for children is not readily available. this study aims to characterize the clinical presentation, etiology, outcome and determinants of short-term mortality in children with an acute hepatic insult superimposed over cld methods:: children of acute on chronic liver disease (acld) were grouped as acute on chronic liver failure (aclf) and non-aclf. aclf was defined as per the def ... | 2011 | 21691224 |
| acute hepatitis a virus infection is associated with a limited type i interferon response and persistence of intrahepatic viral rna. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is an hepatotropic human picornavirus that is associated only with acute infection. its pathogenesis is not well understood because there are few studies in animal models using modern methodologies. we characterized hav infections in three chimpanzees, quantifying viral rna by quantitative rt-pcr and examining critical aspects of the innate immune response including intrahepatic ifn-stimulated gene expression. we compared these infection profiles with similar studies of c ... | 2011 | 21690403 |
| hiv-related risk behaviors among a sample of men who have sex with men in puerto rico: an overview of substance use and sexual practices. | despite the growing impact of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic in puerto rico (pr), limited epidemiological research on men who have sex with men (msm) has been conducted. the aim of this study was to describe hiv-related risk behaviors in a sample of msm in pr. | 2011 | 21682148 |
| determinants of anti-hepatitis a antibody seroprevalence in 2- to 19-year-olds in the usa using nhanes 2007-2008. | summarythe aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology and determinants of anti-hepatitis a seroprevalence in 2- to 19-year-olds in the usa for 2007-2008. this study was conducted in a sample of 2621 individuals aged 2-19 years in the usa using data from national health and nutrition examination survey (nhanes) 2007-2008. the overall seroprevalence of anti- hepatitis a virus (hav) in this population was 39% (95% confidence interval 32-à6-45-à3). hav seroprevalence was higher in mexican ame ... | 2011 | 21733263 |
| rapid detection method for hepatitis a virus from lettuce by a combination of filtration and integrated cell culture-real-time reverse transcription pcr. | we have developed a rapid and simple method for filtration using a positively charged membrane to concentrate hepatitis a virus (hav) from lettuce and an integrated cell culture-real-time reverse transcription pcr (icc-real-time rt-pcr) to detect infectious hav. the most suitable buffer for hav concentration by filtration was 100 mm tris-hcl, 50 mm glycine (ph 9.5). filtration using the nanoceram matrix was compared with polyethylene glycol precipitation for viral concentration from lettuce ino ... | 2011 | 22004827 |
| extraction of food-borne viruses from food samples: a review. | detection of food-borne viruses such as noroviruses, rotaviruses and hepatitis a virus in food products differs from detection of most food-borne bacteria, as most of these viruses cannot be cultivated in cell culture to date. therefore, detection of food-borne viruses in food products requires multiple steps: first, virus extraction; second, purification of the viral genomic material (rna for the majority of food-borne viruses); and last, molecular detection. this review is focused on the first ... | 2011 | 22137685 |
| possible widespread presence of hepatitis a virus subgenotype iiia in japan: recent trend of hepatitis a causing acute liver failure. | aim: recently, the number of acute hepatitis a cases has decreased in japan. however, six patients with acute liver failure caused by hepatitis a virus (hav) have been admitted to chiba university hospital, japan, in the last 18 months, between 2010 and june 2011. the aim of this study is to characterize the recent hav genotypes from an urban hospital in japan and to compare the clinical differences. methods: hepatitis a virus rna was detected by strand-specific reverse transcription. then, ha ... | 2011 | 22151794 |
| A shot at hepatitis prevention. | Recent trends suggest that the prevalence of hepatitis infection has declined in populations vaccinated against the hepatitis viruses. Still, with an estimated 20,000 new infections annually in the United States from human hepatitis A virus, as many as 100,000 annual cases of acute infection from hepatitis B virus, and more than 1 million individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, there is room for further improvement. Although hepatitis A virus infection causes debilitating symptoms ... | 2011 | 22086888 |
| seroprevalence of 13 common pathogens in a rapidly growing u.s. minority population: mexican americans from san antonio, tx. | abstract: | 2011 | 22018212 |
| changing epidemiological patterns of hepatitis a infection in singapore. | introduction: singapore has experienced remarkable socioeconomic progress over the last few decades, with a corresponding rise in standards of sanitation and living conditions. we undertook a study to describe its epidemiological trends of hepatitis a over the last 2 decades. materials and methods: we analysed the epidemiological data on all laboratoryconfi rmed cases of hepatitis a from 1990 to 2009. we also described 3 outbreaks which occurred in 1991, 1992 and 2002. to determine the changing ... | 2011 | 22206052 |
| Survival of hepatitis A and E viruses in soil samples. | Survival of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in soil samples spiked with respective viruses was analysed using real-time PCR. Virus-spiked soil samples were incubated at environmental temperature (ET) and 37°C and processed weekly. Both HAV and HEV were less stable at fluctuating ET than at 37°C. Of the 403 soil samples collected in the vicinity of Mutha river, India, 19.1% and 4.9% were found to be contaminated with HAV and HEV, respectively. | 2011 | 21939469 |
| viral hepatitis a, active component, u.s. armed forces, 2000-2010. | from 2000 to 2010, there were 214 incident diagnoses of acute hepatitis a among active component members of the u.s. armed forces; the crude overall incidence rate during the period was 1.37 per 100,000 person-years. rates of incident diagnoses of acute hepatitis a were relatively low throughout the period and much lower than during the pre-vaccine era (1990-1996). there were disproportionate numbers of diagnoses of acute hepatitis a among service members born in countries endemic for the infect ... | 2011 | 21879784 |
| A single method for recovery and concentration of enteric viruses and bacteria from fresh-cut vegetables. | Fresh-cut vegetables are prone to be contaminated with foodborne pathogens during growth, harvest, transport and further processing and handling. As most of these products are generally eaten raw or mildly treated, there is an increase in the number of outbreaks caused by viruses and bacteria associated with fresh vegetables. Foodborne pathogens are usually present at very low levels and have to be concentrated (i.e. viruses) or enriched (i.e. bacteria) to enhance their detection. With this aim, ... | 2012 | 22036077 |
| hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus services offered by substance abuse treatment programs in the united states. | although substance abuse treatment programs are important contact points for providing health services for hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections, availability of services in these programs has not been well characterized. this study evaluated the spectrum of hbv and hcv services offered by substance abuse treatment programs within the national drug abuse treatment clinical trials network. our survey of substance abuse treatment program administrators covered availability ... | 2011 | 22035702 |
| the development of a rapid sybr green i-based quantitative pcr for detection of duck circovirus. | this report describes a one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction assay based on sybr green i for detection of a broad range of duck circovirus (ducv). align with all ducv complete genome sequences and other genus circovirus download from the genbank (such as goose circovirus, pigeon circovirus), the primers targets to the replicate gene of ducv were designed. the detection assay was linear in the range of 1.31 × 102-1.31 × 107 copies/μl. the reaction efficiency of the assay using the slope ( ... | 2011 | 21978576 |
| hepatitis a virus infection: is it an important hazard to public health?: hazards of hav for public health. | | 2011 | 22087149 |
| Hepatitis A virus infection in high-risk subjects. | | 2011 | 21911904 |
| [Epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Mexico]. | The main etiology of liver disease in Mexico is alcohol and viral hepatitis. The aim of the present study was to analyze the current epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Mexico. From 2000 to 2007 the Ministry of Health reported 192 588 cases of hepatitis, 79% HAV, 3.3% HBV, 6% HCV, and 12% without a specific etiologic factor. Due to high endemic areas for HBV infection in native Mexican population, limitations in the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the serological immunoassays used to da ... | 2011 | 21877071 |
| Anti-hepatitis A seroprevalence among chronic viral hepatitis patients in Kelantan, Malaysia. | To determine the seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and to justify the need for hepatitis A vaccination. | 2011 | 22039329 |
| evaluation of tropical water sources and mollusks in southern brazil using microbiological, biochemical, and chemical parameters. | florianópolis, a city located in the santa catarina state in southern brazil, is the national leading producer of bivalve mollusks. the quality of bivalve mollusks is closely related to the sanitary conditions of surrounding waters where they are cultivated. presently, cultivation areas receive large amounts of effluents derived mainly from treated and non-treated domestic, rural, and urban sewage. this contributes to the contamination of mollusks with trace metals, pesticides, other organic com ... | 2012 | 22036209 |
| Duck Hepatitis A Virus Possesses a Distinct Type IV Internal Ribosome Entry Site Element of Picornavirus. | Sequence analysis of duck hepatitis virus type 1 (DHV-1) led to its classification as the only member of a new genus, Avihepatovirus, of the family Picornaviridae, and so was renamed duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV). The 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) plays an important role in translation initiation and RNA synthesis of the picornavirus. Here, we provide evidence that the 651-nucleotide (nt)-long 5' UTR of DHAV genome contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element that functions efficien ... | 2012 | 22090106 |
| clinical features of adult patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis from causes other than lymphoma: an analysis of treatment outcome and prognostic factors. | although hemophagocytic syndrome (hs) featuring secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) has a grave prognosis, little is known about the natural course of the disease. patients who showed the clinical features of hlh as well as tissue-proven hemophagocytosis when seen at asan medical center between 1999 and 2010 were included in this analysis. patients with proven lymphoma were excluded. the median age of our 23 study patients was 49 years. epstein-barr virus was suspected to have cau ... | 2011 | 22147006 |
| Complete coding sequence and molecular analysis of hepatitis A virus from a chimpanzee with fulminant hepatitis. | Background Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infects both humans and non-human primates, in experimentally infected chimpanzees is typically milder than in humans. In 1982, Abe and Shikata reported a first case of a chimpanzee with fulminant hepatitis caused by spontaneous HAV infection, and the underlying mechanisms of the disease remain unknown. Methods To characterize denoted CFH-HAV, we conducted cloning and near full-length sequence analysis. Results Phylogenetic analyses of VP1-2A and complete se ... | 2011 | 22017331 |
| Bacteriological quality of water and water borne diseases in Bangalore: a longitudinal study. | In developing countries diarrhea diseases take a big toll which can be prevented by adequate supply of safe drinking water. Thus a longitudinal study was taken up to determine the morbidity due to water borne diseases and bacteriological quality of water. 150 houses in two different areas, one supplied by bore well and other by tap water was selected by modified cluster sampling. Weekly morbidity details collected. Monthly water samples were assessed for bacteriological quality from main supply, ... | 2011 | 22066282 |
| Comparison of chlorine and peroxyacetic-based disinfectant to inactivate Feline calicivirus, Murine norovirus and Hepatitis A virus on lettuce. | In recent years, raw fruits and vegetables have frequently been involved in foodborne transmission to humans of enteric viruses, particularly noroviruses and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Although viral contamination can occur during all steps of food processing, primary production is a critical stage on which prevention measures must be focused to minimize the risk of infection to consumers. Postharvest sanitation may be a valid technological solution for decreasing the bacterial load on fresh raw m ... | 2011 | 21924791 |
| variants in abcb1, tgfb1, and xrcc1 genes and susceptibility to viral hepatitis a infection in mexican americans. | hepatitis a vaccination has dramatically reduced the incidence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, but new infections continue to occur. to identify human genetic variants conferring a risk for hav infection among the three major racial/ethnic populations in the united states, we assess associations between 67 genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms, 'snps') among 31 candidate genes and serologic evidence of prior hav infection using a population-based, cross-sectional study of 6779 ... | 2011 | 22135187 |
| [vaccination against viral hepatitis a and b in adults aged over 40 years--antibody persistence and immune memory]. | primary vaccination with combined vaccine against viral hepatitis a (vha) and viral hepatitis b (vhb) induces higher anti-hepatitis b surface (anti-hbs) antibody responses and similar anti-hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) antibody responses in adults aged over 40 years in comparison with concomitant monovalent vaccines against vha and vhb. th e objectives were to assess, in a clinical study, persistence of anti-hav and anti-hbs antibodies in adults aged over 40 years four years after primary vha/vhb ... | 2011 | 22132651 |
| [characterization of capsid protein vp3-vp1 genes of hepatitis a virus prevalent strains circulated in china]. | to analyse the genetic characteristics of the capsid protein vp3-vp1 region of hepatitis a virus strains circulated in china. | 2011 | 21863629 |
| prolonged cholestasis due to hepatitis a virus infection. | we present a 12-year old boy with jaundice for 2 weeks. the child was deeply icteric and had hepatomegaly. igm antibodies for hepatitis a virus were positive. however this child had prolonged cholestasis and cholestyramine was started. the child responded only after prednisolone was started. | 2011 | 21743116 |
| hepatitis a. | | 2011 | 21744525 |
| coexistence of igm antihepatitis a virus and igm antihepatitis e virus in acute viral hepatitis: a prospective, multicentre study in korea. | this study investigated the clinical, serological and molecular characteristics of coexistence of both immunoglobulin m (igm) antihepatitis a virus (hav) and igm antihepatitis e virus (hev) in acute viral hepatitis using a prospective, multicentre design. among a total of 771 symptomatic cases with acute viral hepatitis enrolled in a korean city from september 2006 to august 2008, coexistence of igm anti-hav and igm anti-hev was found in 43 patients (a+e group; 6%), while the existence of igm an ... | 2011 | 21914057 |
| species of heterobasidion host a diverse pool of partitiviruses with global distribution and interspecies transmission. | we investigated the geographic occurrence and genetic diversity of partitiviruses among 247 heterobasidion specimens representing seven species and originating from europe, asia, and north america. based on sequence analysis, partitiviruses were relatively rare, and occurred only in about 5 % of the heterobasidion isolates analyzed, constituting a minority (about 28 %) of all virus-infected [double-stranded rna (dsrna)-positive] isolates. altogether ten virus strains were characterized in sequen ... | 2011 | 22115442 |
| occurrence of water-borne enteric viruses in two settlements based in eastern chad: analysis of hepatitis e virus, hepatitis a virus and human adenovirus in water sources. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of water-borne acute hepatitis in areas with poor sanitation. in 2004 an outbreak of hev infection affected around 2,000 people in eastern chad (dar sila). this paper describes the decrease in the incidence of acute jaundice syndrome (ajs) from 2004 until 2009 when a mean incidence of 0.48 cases/1,000 people/year was recorded in the region. outbreaks of ajs were identified in some of the camps in 2007 and 2008. moreover, water samples from drinking water ... | 2011 | 21976198 |
| surveillance of hepatitis a and e viruses contamination in shellfish in thailand. | to survey for hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) contamination in edible bivalve shellfish. | 2011 | 21929540 |
| the role of immunoglobulin a in prolonged and relapsing hepatitis a virus infections. | hepatitis a virus infections result in different courses of the disease, varying between normal, prolonged and relapsing. however, the reason for these heterogeneous clinical appearances is not understood. as hav/anti-hav iga immunocomplexes (hav/iga) infect hepatocytes, iga was postulated as a carrier supporting hepatotropic transport of hav, and it was speculated that this carrier mechanism contributes to the various clinical outcomes. in this study the iga-carrier mechanism was investigated i ... | 2011 | 22170633 |
| occurrence of norovirus and other enteric viruses in untreated groundwaters of korea. | a total of 39 water samples from 23 different groundwater wells in korea were collected and analyzed in order to monitor the occurrence of norovirus (nov) and other indicator microbes as the first part of a national survey of groundwater. more than 500 l of untreated groundwater were filtered through 1mds filters. following elution and concentration by organic flocculation, pcr and sequence analysis were employed to detect and identify nov, enterovirus, rotavirus, hepatitis a virus and adenoviru ... | 2011 | 21976201 |
| genetic factors influence serological measures of common infections. | antibodies against infectious pathogens provide information on past or present exposure to infectious agents. while host genetic factors are known to affect the immune response, the influence of genetic factors on antibody levels to common infectious agents is largely unknown. here we test whether antibody levels for 13 common infections are significantly heritable. | 2011 | 21996708 |