| [the pathogenic agent of flacherie in silkworms endemic in the region of les cévennes: bacillus cereus var. alesti var. nov..]. | | 1951 | 14905634 |
| [relation between cytochromes and streptomycin in a mutant of bacillus cereus which requires streptomycin for its growth]. | | 1951 | 14905653 |
| the effect of temperature on the sensitivity of bacillus cereus to penicillin. | | 1952 | 14927885 |
| a demonstration of the disposition of the cell wall of bacillus cereus. | | 1952 | 14938314 |
| [the photosensitivity of bacillus cereus var. alesti to ultraviolet radiation of 2537 a]. | | 1952 | 14944168 |
| [discrimination between the inactivation of virulence and of bacterial development by ultraviolet radiation at 2537 a; study on bacillus cereus alesti tou. and v]. | | 1952 | 14945423 |
| [bacteriolysis of a strain of bacillus cereus; evidence in electronic microscopy]. | | 1952 | 14950156 |
| the genome sequence of bacillus cereus atcc 10987 reveals metabolic adaptations and a large plasmid related to bacillus anthracis pxo1. | we sequenced the complete genome of bacillus cereus atcc 10987, a non-lethal dairy isolate in the same genetic subgroup as bacillus anthracis. comparison of the chromosomes demonstrated that b.cereus atcc 10987 was more similar to b.anthracis ames than b.cereus atcc 14579, while containing a number of unique metabolic capabilities such as urease and xylose utilization and lacking the ability to utilize nitrate and nitrite. additionally, genetic mechanisms for variation of capsule carbohydrate an ... | 2004 | 14960714 |
| antibacterial activity of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolones gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin against ocular pathogens. | the ideal ophthalmic anti-infective exhibits broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive, gram-negative, and atypical bacterial species. these pathogens can cause potentially blinding infections such as keratitis and endophthalmitis, both of which are associated with ophthalmic surgery or traumatic injury. these infections often require aggressive antibacterial therapy, preferably with newer generations of antibiotics. in this study, minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) values for gatifloxac ... | 2003 | 14964344 |
| influence of media and temperature on bacteriocin production by bacillus cereus 8a during batch cultivation. | cerein 8a is a bacteriocin produced by the soil bacterium bacillus cereus 8a, isolated from native woodlands of brazil. the influence of temperature and media on the growth of b. cereus 8a and the production of this bacteriocin was studied during batch cultivation. maximum activity was detected by cultivation in brain/heart infusion broth, reaching 3200 activity units ml(-1). bacteriocin was also produced in peptone, mrs, mueller-hinton and nutrient broth, while no activity was observed during c ... | 2004 | 14966665 |
| phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c forms different complexes with monodisperse and micellar phosphatidylcholine. | phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) from bacillus cereus forms a premicellar complex e(#) with monodisperse diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine (dc(7)pc) that is distinguishable from the e complex formed with micelles. results are interpreted with the assumption that in both cases amphiphiles bind to the interfacial binding surface (i-face) of pi-plc but not to the active site. isothermal calorimetry and fluorescence titration results for the binding of monodisperse dc(7)pc give an ... | 2004 | 14967048 |
| gyrb as a phylogenetic discriminator for members of the bacillus anthracis-cereus-thuringiensis group. | bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of the human disease anthrax, bacillus cereus, a food-borne pathogen capable of causing human illness, and bacillus thuringiensis, a well-characterized insecticidal toxin producer, all cluster together within a very tight clade (b. cereus group) phylogenetically and are indistinguishable from one another via 16s rdna sequence analysis. as new pathogens are continually emerging, it is imperative to devise a system capable of rapidly and accurately different ... | 2004 | 14967230 |
| a colony blot immunoassay for the rapid identification of bacillus cereus. | a colony blot immunoassay was developed for the rapid identification of bacillus cereus using antibodies against the 28.5-kda cell-surface antigen of b. cereus. suspect colonies from plates were blotted onto a whatman #541 membrane, dried, and fixed by uv irradiation. the membrane was then immersed in an anti-b. cereus antibody-horseradish peroxidase conjugate for 60 min. after washing and reacting with 4-chloro-1-naphthol and h2o2, the appearance of purple spots indicated the presence of b. cer ... | 2004 | 14968975 |
| antimicrobial activity of a low-molecular-weight chitosan obtained from cellulase digestion of chitosan. | a water-soluble chitosan hydrolysate with high activity against escherichia coli was obtained during cellulase digestion of chitosan for 18 h. this 18-h hydrolysate is composed of low-molecular-weight chitosan (lmwc), with a molecular weight of 12.0 kda, and chitooligosaccharides, which are composed of sugars with a degree of polymerization of 1 to 8. lmwc has a strong activity at 100 ppm against many pathogens and yeast species, including bacillus cereus, e. coli, staphylococcus aureus, pseudom ... | 2004 | 14968977 |
| volatile constituents from the leaves of callicarpa japonica thunb. and their antibacterial activities. | volatile substances of callicarpa japonica thunb. were examined for their antibacterial activities against six foodborne microorganisms using the optical densitometer bioscreen c. extracts of c. japonica were obtained by simultaneous steam distillation and solvent extraction (sde), and those extracted for 1.5 and 2.0 h at ph 6.0 strongly inhibited the growth of bacillus cereus and salmonella typhimurium; the content of the volatile substances of leaves at these ph levels were 543.1 and 706.7 mg/ ... | 2004 | 14969531 |
| a new intrinsic thermal parameter for enzymes reveals true temperature optima. | two established thermal properties of enzymes are the arrhenius activation energy and thermal stability. arising from anomalies found in the variation of enzyme activity with temperature, a comparison has been made of experimental data for the activity and stability properties of five different enzymes with theoretical models. the results provide evidence for a new and fundamental third thermal parameter of enzymes, t(eq), arising from a subsecond timescale-reversible temperature-dependent equil ... | 2004 | 14973131 |
| [evaluation of a colorimetric method for studying the interaction between microorganisms and intestinal epithelial cells]. | the aim of the present study was to gain further insight on the reliability of the colorimetric determination of the activity of bacterial nitrate reductase to evaluate bacterial concentrations and interaction between microorganisms and enterocyte-like cells. nitrite produced after incubation of the samples with a nitrate-formate solution was determined with a diazotization reaction with sulphanilic acid and n-naphthyl-ethylene-diamonium dichloride. cell association assays were performed with di ... | 2003 | 14976870 |
| inhibition of beta-lactamase ii of bacillus cereus by penamaldic derivatives of penicillins. | the penamaldic derivatives of amoxicillin, ampicillin, and penicillins g and v, stabilized with zn(2+), were obtained from a methanolic medium. the enzymatic kinetic results show that the these derivatives elicit reversible inhibition of the enzyme metallo-beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus, with inhibition constant values determined at ph 7.0 and 25 degrees c. | 2004 | 14982810 |
| glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) proteins of saccharomyces cerevisiae contain ethanolamine phosphate groups on the alpha1,4-linked mannose of the gpi anchor. | in humans and saccharomyces cerevisiae the free glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) lipid precursor contains several ethanolamine phosphate side chains, but these side chains had been found on the protein-bound gpi anchors only in humans, not yeast. here we confirm that the ethanolamine phosphate side chain added by mcd4p to the first mannose is a prerequisite for the addition of the third mannose to the gpi precursor lipid and demonstrate that, contrary to an earlier report, an ethanolamine phos ... | 2004 | 14985347 |
| two distinct types of rrna operons in the bacillus cereus group. | the bacillus cereus group includes insecticidal bacteria (b. thuringiensis), food-borne pathogens (b. cereus and b. weihenstephanensis) and b. anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. the precise number of rrna operons in 12 strains of the b. cereus group was determined. most of the tested strains possess 13 operons and the tested psychrotolerant strains contain 14 operons, the highest number ever found in bacteria. the separate clustering of the tested psychrotolerant strains was confirmed by ... | 2004 | 14993309 |
| evaluation of a new generation of plastic culture bottles with an automated microbial detection system for nine common contaminating organisms found in plt components. | a microbial detection system (bact/alert 3d, biomérieux [formerly organon teknika]) has previously been validated with a variety of bacterial contaminants in plts. the recovery of nine organisms seeded into plts with new plastic culture bottles was studied in comparison to the current glass bottles. the use of plastic instead of glass would be expected to reduce the risk of injury. | 2004 | 14996192 |
| analysis of the substrate specificity loop of the had superfamily cap domain. | the haloacid dehalogenase (had) superfamily includes a variety of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of substrate c-cl, p-c, and p-op bonds via nucleophilic substitution pathways. all members possess the alpha/beta core domain, and many also possess a small cap domain. the active site of the core domain is formed by four loops (corresponding to sequence motifs 1-4), which position substrate and cofactor-binding residues as well as the catalytic groups that mediate the "core" chemistry. the cap d ... | 2004 | 15005616 |
| characterization of a broad range antimicrobial substance from bacillus cereus. | the aim of this research was to isolate and characterize an antimicrobial substance from the bacillus cereus type strain atcc 14579. | 2004 | 15012801 |
| assessment of bacterial endospore viability with fluorescent dyes. | to validate three fluorescence viability assays designed primarily for vegetative cells on pure bacillus endospores. | 2004 | 15012806 |
| estimating disease resistance in insects: phenoloxidase and lysozyme-like activity and disease resistance in the cricket gryllus texensis. | an animal's ability to resist disease is usually estimated by measuring one or more components of the immune system. there is an assumption that these assays of immunity measure an animal's ability to mount an effective immune response. this paper tests this assumption by examining the relationship between two common estimates of insect immunocompetence, phenoloxidase and lysozyme-like enzyme activity, and resistance to three common insect bacterial pathogens: serratia marcescens, serratia lique ... | 2004 | 15019523 |
| the inhibition of metallo-beta-lactamase by thioxo-cephalosporin derivatives. | the 8-thioxocephalosporins are poor substrates for the b. cereus metallo beta-lactamase (k(cat)/k(m)=61.4m(-1) s(-1)) and act as weak competitive inhibitors (k(i) approximately 700 microm). the hydrolysis product of thioxocephalosporin, a thioacid, also inhibits the enzyme competitively with a k(i)=96 microm, whereas the cyclic thioxo-piperazinedione, formed by intramolecular aminolysis of thioxocephalexin has a k(i) of 29 microm. | 2004 | 15026061 |
| identification of bacillus anthracis specific chromosomal sequences by suppressive subtractive hybridization. | bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus are closely related members of the b. cereus-group of bacilli. suppressive subtractive hybridization (ssh) was used to identify specific chromosomal sequences unique to b. anthracis. | 2004 | 15028116 |
| bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus pcra helicases can support dna unwinding and in vitro rolling-circle replication of plasmid pt181 of staphylococcus aureus. | replication of rolling-circle replicating (rcr) plasmids in gram-positive bacteria requires the unwinding of initiator protein-nicked plasmid dna by the pcra helicase. in this report, we demonstrate that heterologous pcra helicases from bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus are capable of unwinding staphylococcus aureus plasmid pt181 from the initiator-generated nick and promoting in vitro replication of the plasmid. these helicases also physically interact with the repc initiator protein of pt ... | 2004 | 15028705 |
| antimicrobial activity of artemisia douglasiana leaf essential oil. | artemisia douglasiana leaf has been shown to be efficacious complementary herbal treatment for chronic bladder infection in a paraplegic youth. the leaf oil has been analyzed by gc-ms and the major components found to be camphor (29%), artemisia ketone (26%), artemisia alcohol (13%), alpha-thujone (10%), 1,8-cineole (8%), and hexanal (5%). the leaf oil and the major components have been tested for antimicrobial activity against bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, pseudomona ... | 2004 | 15030924 |
| antibacterial screening of plants used in iranian folkloric medicine. | fifty methanolic plant extracts belonging to 44 plant species of 33 families finding use in iranian folkloric medicine were screened for antibacterial activity. thirty samples, including 28 species in 20 families, had antibacterial activity against at least on one of the bacteria. among the active plants, 32.6% were active against g(-), 62% against g(+), and 47.3% against both g(-) and g(+) bacteria. dianthus coryophyllus was active against all tested g(-) and g(+) bacteria except micrococcus lu ... | 2004 | 15030933 |
| identification of emetic toxin producing bacillus cereus strains by a novel molecular assay. | bacillus cereus causes two types of gastrointestinal diseases: emesis and diarrhea. the emetic type of the disease is attributed to the heat-stable depsipeptide cereulide and symptoms resemble staphylococcus aureus intoxication, but there is no rapid method available to detect b. cereus strains causing this type of disease. in this study, a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fragment of unknown function was identified, which was shown to be specific for emetic toxin producing strains of b. cereus. ... | 2004 | 15033238 |
| rapid dipicolinic acid extraction from bacillus spores detected by surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy. | | 2004 | 15035719 |
| antibacterial effects of carica papaya fruit on common wound organisms. | the purpose of the study was to investigate antibacterial activity of ripe and unripe carica papaya on selected micro-organisms. cultures of micro-organisms were routinely maintained in nutrient agar slants at 4 degrees c. extracts of immature, mature and ripe carica papaya fruit were obtained by separately grinding factions of the epicarp, endocarp and seeds and filtering them through gauze. sensitivity tests were conducted by adding 0.06 ml of extract to agar wells (6 mm diameter) prepared fro ... | 2003 | 15040064 |
| phenolic metabolites of dalea versicolor that enhance antibiotic activity against model pathogenic bacteria. | a new flavonoid (1) was isolated from organic extracts of dalea versicolor, along with six known phenolic compounds (2-7). the structures of the seven compounds were determined by nmr and hrms methods. these compounds were evaluated for direct activity against a variety of organisms in vitro, including the gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus. in addition, the compounds were evaluated for their ability to potentiate the activity of known antimicrobials through inhibit ... | 2004 | 15043439 |
| novel inhibition mechanism of bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase by beryllium fluoride. | phosphate analogs have been known to inhibit competitively various phosphatases and phospholipase c and d. we found for the first time that only beryllium fluoride (bef(x)) among the phosphate analogs studied inhibits bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase (smase) activity. the active inhibitory species proved to be not bef(3)(-) but bef(2) by the measurement of smase activity and of (19)f nmr spectroscopy in the presence of a fixed concentration of becl(2) and different concentrations of naf, althoug ... | 2004 | 15047192 |
| circular dichroism of protein-folding intermediates. | | 2004 | 15051341 |
| rational design of a novel fluorescent biosensor for beta-lactam antibiotics from a class a beta-lactamase. | a rational design strategy was used to construct a sensitive "turn-on" biosensor for beta-lactam antibiotics and beta-lactamase inhibitors from a class a beta-lactamase mutant with suppressed hydrolytic activity. a fluorescein molecule was attached to the 166 position on the omega-loop of the e166c mutant close to the active site of the beta-lactamase. upon binding with antibiotics or inhibitors, the flexibility of the omega-loop allows the fluorescein molecule to move out from the active site a ... | 2004 | 15053574 |
| characterization of a major bacillus anthracis spore coat protein and its role in spore inactivation. | a major bacillus anthracis spore coat protein of 13.4 kda, designated cot alpha, was found only in the bacillus cereus group. a stable ca. 30-kda dimer of this protein was also present in spore coat extracts. cot alpha, which is encoded by a monocistronic gene, was first detected late in sporulation, consistent with a sigma(k)-regulated gene. on the basis of immunogold labeling, the protein is in the outer spore coat and absent from the exosporium. in addition, disruption of the gene encoding co ... | 2004 | 15060044 |
| the 26 nudix hydrolases of bacillus cereus, a close relative of bacillus anthracis. | the genome of bacillus cereus contains 26 nudix hydrolase genes, second only to its closest relative, bacillus anthracis which has 30. all 26 genes have been cloned, 25 have been expressed, and 21 produced soluble proteins suitable for analysis. substrates for 16 of the enzymes were identified; these included adp-ribose, diadenosine polyphosphates, sugar nucleotides, and deoxynucleoside triphosphates. one of the enzymes was a cdp-choline pyrophosphatase, the first nudix hydrolase active on this ... | 2004 | 15060060 |
| a napin-like polypeptide from dwarf chinese white cabbage seeds with translation-inhibitory, trypsin-inhibitory, and antibacterial activities. | napins are 1:1 disulfide-linked complexes of a smaller (ca. 4kda) subunit and a larger (ca. 10kda) subunit. the intent of the present study was to ascertain the production of napin by the seeds of a brassica species that has not been examined previously, and also to explore new biological activities of the napin. a heterodimeric 11-kda napin-like polypeptide has been isolated from chinese white cabbage (brassica chinensis cv dwarf) seeds with a protocol comprising ion exchange chromatography on ... | 2004 | 15062997 |
| detection of bacillus cereus group bacteria from cardboard and paper with real-time pcr. | the aim of this study was to develop a pcr-based rapid method to detect bacillus cereus group cells from paper and cardboard. primers targeting the 16s rdna and real-time pcr with sybr green i detection were used in order to be able to also quantify the target. both autoclaved cardboard samples spiked with b. cereus vegetative cells or spores and naturally contaminated paper and cardboard samples were studied. results were compared with culturing verified by commercial (api) tests. several diffe ... | 2004 | 15064974 |
| characterization of bacillus probiotics available for human use. | bacillus species (bacillus cereus, bacillus clausii, bacillus pumilus) carried in five commercial probiotic products consisting of bacterial spores were characterized for potential attributes (colonization, immunostimulation, and antimicrobial activity) that could account for their claimed probiotic properties. three b. cereus strains were shown to persist in the mouse gastrointestinal tract for up to 18 days postadministration, demonstrating that these organisms have some ability to colonize. s ... | 2004 | 15066809 |
| growth and sporulation of bacillus cereus atcc 14579 under defined conditions: temporal expression of genes for key sigma factors. | an airlift fermentor system allowing precise regulation of ph and aeration combined with a chemically defined medium was used to study growth and sporulation of bacillus cereus atcc 14579. sporulation was complete and synchronous. expression of siga, sigb, sigf, and sigg was monitored with real-time reverse transcription-pcr, and the pattern qualitatively resembled that of bacillus subtilis. this method allows reproducible production of stable spores, while the synchronous growth and defined con ... | 2004 | 15066852 |
| shelf life and safety concerns of bakery products--a review. | bakery products are an important part of a balanced diet and, today, a wide variety of such products can be found on supermarket shelves. this includes unsweetened goods (bread, rolls, buns, crumpets, muffins and bagels), sweet goods (pancakes, doughnuts, waffles and cookies) and filled goods (fruit and meat pies, sausage rolls, pastries, sandwiches, cream cakes, pizza and quiche). however, bakery products, like many processed foods, are subject to physical, chemical and microbiological spoilage ... | 2004 | 15077880 |
| cytotoxic bacillus spp. belonging to the b. cereus and b. subtilis groups in norwegian surface waters. | to investigate the presence and numbers of bacillus spp. spores in surface waters and examine isolates belonging to the b. cereus and b. subtilis groups for cytotoxicity, and to discuss the presence of cytotoxic bacillus spp. in surface water as hazard identification in a risk assessment approach in the food industry. | 2004 | 15078515 |
| influence of surface chemistry on the hygienic status of industrial stainless steel. | coupons of fourteen different stainless steels were investigated in terms of surface chemistry and ease of cleaning. steel surfaces were exposed to bacillus cereus spores in static saline solution for 2 h. surfaces were rinsed and then covered with whole milk and allowed to dry. surfaces were then cleaned in an experimental flow system that mimics an industrial application. after cleaning, remaining spores were released by sonication, spores cultured and colony forming units determined. surfaces ... | 2004 | 15079890 |
| identification of pathogenic microbial cells and spores by electrochemical detection on a biochip. | background: bacillus cereus constitutes a significant cause of acute food poisoning in humans. despite the recent development of different detection methods, new effective control measures and better diagnostic tools are required for quick and reliable detection of pathogenic micro-organisms. thus, the objective of this study was to determine a simple method for rapid identification of enterotoxic bacillus strains. here, a special attention is given to an electrochemical biosensor since it meets ... | 2004 | 15090067 |
| isolation of a minireplicon of the virulence plasmid pxo2 of bacillus anthracis and characterization of the plasmid-encoded reps replication protein. | a minireplicon of plasmid pxo2 of bacillus anthracis was isolated by molecular cloning in escherichia coli and shown to replicate in b. anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus subtilis. the pxo2 replicon included (i) an open reading frame encoding the putative reps replication initiation protein and (ii) the putative origin of replication. the reps protein was expressed as a fusion with the maltose binding protein (mbp) at its amino-terminal end and purified by affinity chromatography. electrop ... | 2004 | 15090513 |
| composition and bioactivity of the leaf essential oil of heteropyxis dehniae from zimbabwe. | the leaf oil of heteropyxis dehniae suess. (heteropyxidaceae) was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc/ms. the most abundant essential oil components are linalool (58.3%), 4-terpineol (9.8%), alpha-terpineol (3.6%), and caryophyllene oxide (3.1%). the antimicrobial activity against bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, candida albicans, and aspergillus niger, and the in vitro cytotoxicity of the oil on pc-3, mda-mb-231, hs 578t, mcf7, sk-me ... | 2004 | 15099856 |
| new chromanone acids with antibacterial activity from calophyllum brasiliense. | six novel chromanone acids (1-6) were isolated from the bark of calophyllum brasiliense cambess. their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr experiments, as well as mass spectrometry. all compounds showed moderate to strong antibacterial activity against bacillus cereus and staphylococcus epidermidis, with 1 and 2 being most active. none of the compounds were cytotoxic against kb, jurkat t, and myosarcoma cancer cells up to 20 microg/ml. | 2004 | 15104480 |
| rugulotrosins a and b: two new antibacterial metabolites from an australian isolate of a penicillium sp. | two new antibacterial agents, rugulotrosin a (1) and b (2), were obtained from cultures of a penicillium sp. isolated from soil samples acquired near sussex inlet, new south wales, australia. rugulotrosin a (1) is a chiral symmetric dimer, and its relative stereostructure was determined by spectroscopic and x-ray crystallographic analysis. rugulotrosin b (2) is a chiral asymmetric dimer isomeric with 1. its structure was determined by spectroscopic analysis with comparison to the co-metabolite 1 ... | 2004 | 15104517 |
| weathering of phlogopite by bacillus cereus and acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. | the purpose of this study was to assess the weathering of finely ground phlogopite, a trioctahedral mica, by placing it in contact with heterotrophic (bacillus cereus) and acidophilic (acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans) cultures. x-ray diffraction analyses of the phlogopite sample before and after 24 weeks of contact in b. cereus cultures revealed a decrease in the characteristic peak intensities of phlogopite, indicating destruction of individual structural planes of the mica. no new solid phase p ... | 2004 | 15105888 |
| investigation of metal ion binding in phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase identifies sequence markers for metal-activated enzymes of the had enzyme superfamily. | the 2-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase (had) family, which contains both carbon and phosphoryl transferases, is one of the largest known enzyme superfamilies. had members conserve an alpha,beta-core domain that frames the four-loop active-site platform. each loop contributes one or more catalytic groups, which function in mediating the core chemistry (i.e., group transfer). in this paper, we provide evidence that the number of carboxylate residues on loop 4 and their positions (stations) on the lo ... | 2004 | 15109258 |
| use of novel pcr primers specific to the genes of staphylococcal enterotoxin g, h, i for the survey of staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food-poisoning cases and food samples in taiwan. | data regarding the incidence of the newly found enterotoxigenic staphylococcus aureus strains in food poisoning cases and in food samples were to date not available in taiwan. in this study, pcr primers specific for the detection of seg, h and i genes, i.e., seg, seh and sei, were used for the assay of 55 human isolates of s. aureus negative to the classical enterotoxins (sea-->see) detection. these isolates were from the fecal specimens of the patients suffering from food poisoning outbreaks. o ... | 2004 | 15109796 |
| inactivation of bacillus cereus spores in milk by mild pressure and heat treatments. | the objective of this work was to study the germination and subsequent inactivation of bacillus cereus spores in milk by mild hydrostatic pressure treatment. in an introductory experiment with strain lmg6910 treated at 40 degrees c for 30 min at 0, 100, 300 and 600 mpa, germination levels were 1.5 to 3 logs higher in milk than in 100 mm potassium phosphate buffer (ph 6.7). the effects of pressure and germination-inducing components present in the milk on spore germination were synergistic. more ... | 2004 | 15109800 |
| the antibacterial innate immune response by the mosquito aedes aegypti is mediated by hemocytes and independent of gram type and pathogenicity. | previous mosquito studies showed that the hemocyte-mediated innate immune response against gram- escherichia coli is phagocytosis, but against gram+ micrococcus sp., is melanization. we examined the immune responses mounted by aedes aegypti towards gram- enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and salmonella typhimurium, and gram+ bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis. using light microscopy, electron microscopy ... | 2004 | 15109959 |
| cloning and expression of a putative transferrin cdna of the spruce budworm, choristoneura fumiferana. | a spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) transferrin cdna (cftf) was isolated and cloned from a cdna library that was constructed using mrna from fifth to sixth instar larvae. cftf cdna encoded a predicted protein of 681 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 76 kda. cftf shared 72% and 74% identities at the amino acid level with transferrins of manduca sexta and bombyx mori, respectively. like other transferrins, cftf retains most of the n-terminal, iron-binding amino acid residu ... | 2004 | 15110871 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of oxindoles and benzimidazolinones derivatives. | the synthesis of new oxindoles and benzimidazolinones derivatives bearing a sugar residue on the aromatic nitrogen is described. the presence of the glycoside moiety should enhance the solubility of these heterocyclic compounds and/or improve the interaction with the active site of the biological targets. the inhibitory activities of these new compounds toward five kinases were examined: kdr (vegfr-2), fgfr-1, pdgfr-beta, egfr and tie 2. furthermore, the antibacterial activities of the prepared ... | 2004 | 15110971 |
| two additional carbohydrate-binding sites of beta-amylase from bacillus cereus var. mycoides are involved in hydrolysis and raw starch-binding. | in the previous x-ray crystallographic study, it was found that beta-amylase from bacillus cereus var. mycoides has three carbohydrate-binding sites aside from the active site: two (site2 and site3) in domain b and one (site1) in domain c. to investigate the roles of these sites in the catalytic reaction and raw starch-binding, site1 and site2 were mutated. from analyses of the raw starch-binding of wild-type and mutant enzymes, it was found that site1 contributes to the binding affinity to raw- ... | 2004 | 15113834 |
| evaluation of the sanitization effectiveness of a denture-cleaning product on dentures contaminated with known microbial flora. an in vitro study. | to see if dentures contaminated with staphylococcus aureus, pseudomas aeruginosa, bacillus cereus, candida albicans, and herpes simplex virus 1 could be effectively decontaminated by using medical tabs for dentures. | 2004 | 15119677 |
| synergistic interaction in simultaneous exposure to streptomyces californicus and stachybotrys chartarum. | the microbial exposure associated with health complaints in moldy houses consists of a heterogeneous group of components, including both living and dead bacteria, fungi, and their metabolites and active compounds. however, little is known about the interactions between different microbes and their metabolites, although the cytotoxicity and inflammatory potential of certain individual microbes have been reported. in this study, we investigated the inflammatory responses of mouse raw264.7 macropha ... | 2004 | 15121507 |
| bacillus cereus central line infection in an immunocompetent child with hemophilia. | bacillus species are increasingly recognized as pathogens in immunocompromised patients. the authors report a case of bacillus cereus infection of a central line in an immunocompetent patient with hemophilia, which required line removal for complete cure. | 2004 | 15125613 |
| an extracytoplasmic-function sigma factor is involved in a pathway controlling beta-exotoxin i production in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis strain 407-1. | beta-exotoxin i is an insecticidal nucleotide analogue secreted by various bacillus thuringiensis strains. in this report, we describe the characterization and transcriptional analysis of a gene cluster, designated sigw-ecfx-ecfy, that is essential for beta-exotoxin i production in b. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis strain 407-1. in this strain, the disruption of the sigw cluster resulted in nontoxic culture supernatants. sigw encodes a protein of 177 residues that is 97 and 94% identical to ... | 2004 | 15126472 |
| growth promotion of red pepper plug seedlings and the production of gibberellins by bacillus cereus, bacillus macroides and bacillus pumilus. | the growth of red pepper plug seedlings was promoted by bacillus cereus mj-1, b. macroides cj-29, and b. pumilus cj-69 isolated from the rhizosphere. gibberellins (gas), a well-known plant growth-promoting hormone, were detected in the culture broth of their rhizobacteria. among the gas, the contents of ga1, ga3, ga4, and ga7, physiologically active gas, were comparatively higher than those of others, suggesting that the growth promoting effect was originated from the gas. this isthe first repor ... | 2004 | 15127789 |
| genome update: rrnas in sequenced microbial genomes. | | 2004 | 15133066 |
| strains of bacillus cereus vary in the phenotypic adaptation of their membrane lipid composition in response to low water activity, reduced temperature and growth in rice starch. | the phenotypic adaptation of membrane lipids in seven strains of the food-poisoning bacterium bacillus cereus, isolated from bangladeshi rice, is reported in relation to their ability to grow under conditions of low water activity (a(w)), reduced temperature and the presence of soluble rice starch. the strains have different membrane phospholipid head-group and fatty acyl compositions, and they display individual differences in their responses to both low a(w) and reduced temperature. the extent ... | 2004 | 15133101 |
| strength in diversity. | | 2004 | 15134078 |
| attenuation regulation of amino acid biosynthetic operons in proteobacteria: comparative genomics analysis. | candidate attenuators were identified that regulate operons responsible for biosynthesis of branched amino acids, histidine, threonine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine in gamma- and alpha-proteobacteria, and in some cases in low-gc gram-positive bacteria, thermotogales and bacteroidetes/chlorobi. this allowed us not only to describe the evolutionary dynamics of regulation by attenuation of transcription, but also to annotate a number of hypothetical genes. in particular, orthologs of ygea of esche ... | 2004 | 15135544 |
| detection of bacterial dna in painful degenerated spinal discs in patients without signs of clinical infection. | a local inflammatory and potentially painful response, of which the ultimate cause is unknown, has been described in nervous tissues in contact with degenerated disc material in patients with low back and leg pain. with the rationale that a possible cause of such inflammation could be bacterial infection, we utilized pcr (polymerase chain reaction) amplification of the 16s rrna (ribosomal rna) gene followed by gene sequencing, to investigate whether bacterial dna might be detected in the degener ... | 2004 | 15138861 |
| [techniques of diseases, insect pests and weeds control and their efficacy in bio-rational rice production]. | studies on the efficacy of bio-rational pesticides and agricultural methods against the chief diseases, insect pests and weeds of rice showed that the efficacy of the mixtures of jingangmycin and bacillus-cereus, and jingangmycin and polyoxin against rice sheath blight were 75.16%-94.27% after sprayed once at the tiller and boot end stages of rice, respectively, and better than that of chemical fungicide triadimefon. the efficacy of kasugamycin and blasticidin was 50.54%-72.67% on rice leaf blas ... | 2004 | 15139200 |
| structural determinants of substrate binding to bacillus cereus metallo-beta-lactamase. | binding and hydrolysis of the beta-lactams cefotaxime, cephapirin, imipenem, and benzylpenicillin by the metallo-beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus were studied by presteady state kinetic measurements. in all cases, the substrate was unmodified in the most populated reaction intermediate, and no chemically modified substrate species accumulated to a detectable amount. the cephalosporins tested showed similar formation rate constants for this intermediate, and they differed mostly in their decay ... | 2004 | 15140877 |
| venom from the pupal endoparasitoid, pimpla hypochondriaca, increases the susceptibility of larval lacanobia oleracea to the entomopathogens bacillus cereus and beauveria bassiana. | cellular immune responses in insects protect them against parasites and pathogens that enter their hemocoel. venom from the solitary pupal endoparasitoid, pimpla hypochondriaca, has previously been shown to suppress certain key, cell-mediated immune responses of lacanobia oleracea. experiments were performed to determine if l. oleracea larvae injected with p. hypochondriaca venom would be more susceptible to bacillus cereus, or beauveria bassiana, when these microorganisms were subsequently inje ... | 2004 | 15145247 |
| distinct mutations in plcr explain why some strains of the bacillus cereus group are nonhemolytic. | bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus anthracis are closely related species belonging to the bacillus cereus group. b. thuringiensis and b. cereus generally produce extracellular proteins, including phospholipases and hemolysins. transcription of the genes encoding these factors is controlled by the pleiotropic regulator plcr. disruption of plcr in b. cereus and b. thuringiensis drastically reduces the hemolytic, lecithinase, and cytotoxic properties of these organisms. b. anthra ... | 2004 | 15150241 |
| variation of the spore population of a natural source strain of bacillus cereus in the presence of inosine. | the heat resistance of a wild strain of bacillus cereus spores isolated from liquid egg was characterized, and the effect of the nutritional germinant inosine on the spore population was then studied, considering different factors such as germination temperature, inosine concentration, and age of spore culture. the heat resistance clearly indicates that these spores can survive mild heat treatments such as those used for cooked refrigerated food of extended durability or liquid egg, posing safet ... | 2004 | 15151230 |
| modeling the prevalence of bacillus cereus spores during the production of a cooked chilled vegetable product. | in minimally processed vegetable foods, pathogenic spore-forming bacteria pose a significant hazard. as part of a quantitative risk assessment, we used bayesian belief methods to model the uncertainty and variability of the number of bacillus cereus spores that can be found in packets of a vegetable puree. the model combines specific information from the manufacturer, experimental data on inactivation of spores, and expert opinion concerning spore concentrations in the raw vegetables and ingredi ... | 2004 | 15151231 |
| sensitization of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to jenseniin g by sublethal injury. | jenseniin g, a bacteriocin produced by propionibacterium thoenii p126, is active against related propionibacteria and some lactic acid bacteria and is sporostatic to botulinal spores. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sublethal stress on jenseniin g activity. bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus, and yersinia enterocolitica were subjected to temperature, acid, an ... | 2004 | 15151241 |
| inactivation of pathogenic bacteria by cucumber volatiles (e,z)-2,6-nonadienal and (e)-2-nonenal. | the effects of (e,z)-2,6-nonadienal (nde) and (e)-2-nonenal (ne) on bacillus cereus, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella typhimurium were investigated. a suspension of each organism of 6 to 9 log cfu/ml was incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees c in brain heart infusion solution that contained 0 to 500 or 1,000 ppm of nde or ne. depending on concentration, exposure to either nde or ne caused a reduction in cfu of each organism. treatment with 250 and 500 ppm nde completely ... | 2004 | 15151242 |
| characterization of bacillus cereus isolates from raw soybean sprouts. | raw soybean sprouts, which are used as ingredients in cook-chilled products, were analyzed to evaluate the incidence of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms, psychrotrophic microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms, coliforms, and spore-forming microorganisms bacillus cereus, clostridium botulinum, and clostridium perfringens. mesophilic microorganisms on raw soybean sprouts were present in large populations, 5.5 x 10(6) to 1.4 x 10(8) cfu/g, and psychrotrophic microorganisms were found to be more n ... | 2004 | 15151246 |
| novel oligosaccharide side chains of the collagen-like region of bcla, the major glycoprotein of the bacillus anthracis exosporium. | spores of bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, are enclosed by a prominent loose fitting layer called the exosporium. the exosporium consists of a basal layer and an external hairlike nap. the filaments of the nap are composed of a highly immunogenic glycoprotein called bcla, which has a long, central collagen-like region with multiple xxg repeats. most of the triplet repeats are ptg, and nearly all of the triplet repeats contain a threonine residue, providing multiple potential s ... | 2004 | 15152001 |
| disassembly of f-actin cytoskeleton after interaction of bacillus cereus with fully differentiated human intestinal caco-2 cells. | in the present study, the role of direct procaryote-eucaryote interactions in the virulence of bacillus cereus was investigated. as a model of human enterocytes, differentiated caco-2 cells were used. infection of fully differentiated caco-2 cells with b. cereus in the exponential phase of growth, in order to minimize the concentration of spores or sporulating microorganisms, shows that a strain-dependent cytopathic effect develops. interestingly, addition of 3-h-old cultures of some strains res ... | 2004 | 15155611 |
| identification of anthrax toxin genes in a bacillus cereus associated with an illness resembling inhalation anthrax. | bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax, an acute fatal disease among mammals. it was thought to differ from bacillus cereus, an opportunistic pathogen and cause of food poisoning, by the presence of plasmids pxo1 and pxo2, which encode the lethal toxin complex and the poly-gamma-d-glutamic acid capsule, respectively. this work describes a non-b. anthracis isolate that possesses the anthrax toxin genes and is capable of causing a severe inhalation anthrax-like illness. although init ... | 2004 | 15155910 |
| purification of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria. | bacteriocins are antibacterial substances of a proteinaceous nature that are produced by different bacterial species. lactic acid bacteria (lab) produce biologically active peptides or protein complexes that display a bactericidal mode of action almost exclusively toward gram-positive bacteria and particularly toward closely related species. generally they are active against food spoilage and foodborne pathogenic microorganisms including bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus a ... | 2004 | 15156043 |
| investigation of the effectiveness of ascopyrone p as a food preservative. | ascopyrone p (app), a novel antibacterial from fungi, was evaluated as a food preservative. efficacy was generally assessed by comparing the time taken for test strains to grow to 10(6) cfu/g in food +/- app. in chilled chicken soup, 2000 mg kg-1 app prevented bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas fluorescens, salmonella and escherichia coli reaching this threshold for >60 days. good activity was also observed at 500-1000 mg kg-1 but not against l. monocytogenes. no activity was o ... | 2004 | 15163588 |
| cholesterol modulation of sphingomyelinase activity at physiological temperatures. | bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase activity was assayed on large unilamellar vesicles composed of sphingomyelin (sm)/cholesterol (ch) mixtures at varying proportions. natural (egg) sm was used with a gel-fluid transition temperature at ca. 40 degrees c. when the enzyme was assayed at 37 degrees c, the activity on pure sm was exceedingly low, but a small increase was observed as soon as some ch was added, and a large enhancement of activity occurred with ch proportions above 25 mol%. the data were ... | 2004 | 15172829 |
| inhibition of the growth of ascosphaera apis by bacillus and paenibacillus strains isolated from honey. | the fungus ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honeybee larvae, occurs throughout the world and is found in many beekeeping areas of argentina. the potential as biocontrol agents of 249 aerobic spore-forming bacterial antagonists isolated from honey samples was evaluated. each isolate was screened against a. apis by a central disk test assay. ten bacterial strains that showed the best antagonistic effect to a. apis were selected for further study and identified as baci ... | 2004 | 15174751 |
| cytoplasmic membrane polarization in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria grown in the absence and presence of tetracycline. | the ability of numerous diverse compounds and ions to cross the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane by diffusion and active transport is highly dependent on cytoplasmic membrane fluidity, which can be measured using fluorescent probes to estimate membrane polarization values. however, membrane polarization data are lacking for most bacterial species. the cytoplasmic membrane polarization values for arthrobacter sp. atcc 21908, bacillus cereus nrc 3045, pseudomonas fluorescens r2f, pseudomonas putida ... | 2004 | 15182931 |
| isolation, characterization, and identification of bacterial contaminants in semifinal gelatin extracts. | bacterial contamination of gelatin is of great concern. indeed, this animal colloid has many industrial applications, mainly in food and pharmaceutical products. in a previous study (e. de clerck and p. de vos, syst. appl. microbiol. 25:611-618), contamination of a gelatin production process with a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated. in this study, bacterial contamination of semifinal gelatin extracts from several production plants was examined. since these extr ... | 2004 | 15184171 |
| survival of bacillus cereus spores and vegetative cells in acid media simulating human stomach. | to determine the fate of bacillus cereus spores or vegetative cells in simulated gastric medium. methods and | 2004 | 15186458 |
| insulator-based dielectrophoresis for the selective concentration and separation of live bacteria in water. | insulator-based dielectrophoresis (idep) was utilized to separate and concentrate selectively mixtures of two species of live bacteria simultaneously. four species of bacteria were studied: the gram-negative escherichia coli and the gram-positive bacillus subtilis, b. cereus, and b. megaterium. under an applied direct current (dc) electric field all the bacterial species exhibited negative dielectrophoretic behavior. the dielectrophoretic separations were carried out in a glass microchannel cont ... | 2004 | 15188259 |
| antimicrobial activities of eucalyptus leaf extracts and flavonoids from eucalyptus maculata. | we investigated the antimicrobial activities of eucalyptus leaf extracts to find effective antibacterial agents. | 2004 | 15189289 |
| design of a 5' exonuclease-based real-time pcr assay for simultaneous detection of bacillus licheniformis, members of the 'b. cereus group' and b. fumarioli in gelatine. | the design of a fast, sensitive and specific detection method for bacillus licheniformis, members of the 'b. cereus group' and b. fumarioli in gelatine. | 2004 | 15189297 |
| sperm bioassay for rapid detection of cereulide-producing bacillus cereus in food and related environments. | a novel in vitro method, sperm micro assay for rapidly distinguishing cereulide, the emetic toxin producing bacillus cereus from non-producers is described and its use for quantitating cereulide and screening large numbers of b. cereus strains/colonies evaluated. the assay is non-laborious and can be executed with equipment present in most laboratories. boar spermatozoa, purchased as standard semen from artificial insemination suppliers, are used to detect toxicity. boar sperms respond within 5 ... | 2004 | 15193804 |
| influence of the cell wall on ciprofloxacin susceptibility in selected wild-type gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. | the susceptibility of several wild-type bacteria to ciprofloxacin and accumulation of the drug in these bacteria were evaluated. species studied included escherichia coli, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus cereus. ciprofloxacin susceptibility was measured for each strain using two different methods: the minimal inhibitory concentration and the bactericidal index. significant differences were observed between the results derived fro ... | 2004 | 15194135 |
| [biosorption of pb2+ by bacillus cereus biomass]. | in this paper, the potentiometric titration and the sorption experiments were applied to investigate the biosorption behavior of pb2+ on bacillus cereus biomass. it was shown that the biosorption capacities increased with increasing ph from 3 to 7, and the higher concentration of the biomass in solution was favorable to the sorption of pb2+. langmuir model simulated the adsorption data of pb2+ ion very well, and the saturated sorption capacity for pb2+ ion achieved 36.7 mg.g-1 dry biomass. accor ... | 2004 | 15202257 |
| validation of a microbiological method: the star protocol, a five-plate test, for the screening of antibiotic residues in milk. | the results of an in-house laboratory validation of a microbiological method for the screening of antibiotic residues in milk are presented. the sensitivity of this five-plate test, called screening test for antibiotic residues (star), was established by the analysis of milk samples spiked with 66 antibiotics at eight different concentrations. ten different groups of antibiotics were studied: macrolides, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, penicillins, quinolones, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, linc ... | 2004 | 15204543 |
| identification of sigmab-dependent genes in bacillus cereus by proteome and in vitro transcription analysis. | the alternative sigma factor sigmab of the food pathogen bacillus cereus is activated upon stress exposure and plays a role in the adaptive response of vegetative cells. this study describes the identification of sigmab-dependent genes in b. cereus. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed with protein extracts from a sigmab-overproducing b. cereus strain. nine protein spots, which were absent from the negative control, were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time ... | 2004 | 15205411 |
| anaerobiosis and low specific growth rates enhance hemolysin bl production by bacillus cereus f4430/73. | bacillus cereus f4430/73 produced the highest levels of hemolysin bl (hbl) when grown under anaerobiosis in mod medium. anaerobic cells grown in a chemostat at low specific growth rate (0.1-0.2 h(-1)) expressed up to sevenfold more hbl than did cells held at a faster growth rate. at 0.2 h(-1), the presence of 90 mm glucose resulted in inhibition of hbl production. glucose was found to repress hbl induction at the mrna level, indicating the potential involvement of catabolite repression in the re ... | 2004 | 15205890 |
| bacteriocin-like substance production by bacillus licheniformis strain p40. | to investigate the production of bacteriocin-like compounds by bacillus spp. isolated from the amazon basin. | 2004 | 15214721 |
| pcr detection of bacillus and staphylococcus in various foods. | a broad-range pcr assay for the detection of bacteria belonging to bacillus and staphylococcus genera was developed. primers targeting the bacterial 16s rrna gene were newly designed and used in a pcr assay. to determine the specificity of the assay, 81 different bacterial strains (of 50 genera), 2 fungi, 3 animals, and 4 plants were tested. results were positive for every tested bacillus, staphylococcus, or aerococcus strain. in addition, the result for listeria grayi was positive with lower pc ... | 2004 | 15222564 |
| thermosiphon-based pcr reactor: experiment and modeling. | a self-actuated, flow-cycling polymerase chain reaction (pcr) reactor that takes advantage of buoyancy forces to continuously circulate reagents in a closed loop through various thermal zones has been constructed, tested, and modeled. the heating required for the pcr is advantageously used to induce fluid motion without the need for a pump. flow velocities on the order of millimeters per second are readily attainable. in our preliminary prototype, we measured a cross-sectionally averaged velocit ... | 2004 | 15228345 |