| respiratory syncytial virus infection in the absence of stat 1 results in airway dysfunction, airway mucus, and augmented il-17 levels. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading infectious cause of respiratory failure and wheezing in infants and young children. prematurity is the greatest risk factor for severe rsv-induced disease, and recent studies suggest that premature children have lower levels of the type i ifns (alpha/beta), for which signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) 1 is a critical intracellular signaling molecule. | 2005 | 16159623 |
| rhinovirus illnesses during infancy predict subsequent childhood wheezing. | the contribution of viral respiratory infections during infancy to the development of subsequent wheezing and/or allergic diseases in early childhood is not established. | 2005 | 16159626 |
| induction of balanced immunity in balb/c mice by vaccination with a recombinant fusion protein containing a respiratory syncytial virus g protein fragment and a ctl epitope. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an important pathogen of the lower respiratory tract, is responsible for severe illness both in new born and young children and in elderly people. however, development of a rsv vaccine has been hampered by the outcome of the infant trials in the 1960s with a formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) preparation. previous studies in mice indicated that g protein immunization resulted in antibody and th2-type response and failed to induce mhc i-restricted cd8(+) t-cell r ... | 2006 | 16159685 |
| the transmembrane domain of the respiratory syncytial virus f protein is an orientation-independent apical plasma membrane sorting sequence. | the processes that facilitate transport of integral membrane proteins though the secretory pathway and subsequently target them to particular cellular membranes are relevant to almost every field of biology. these transport processes involve integration of proteins into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (er), passage from the er to the golgi, and post-golgi trafficking. the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) protein is a type i integral membrane protein that is uniformly distri ... | 2005 | 16160180 |
| the descriptive epidemiology of severe lower respiratory tract infections in children in kiel, germany. | lower respiratory tract infections (lri) inflict a high burden of disease in children worldwide. longitudinal, descriptive epidemiological data on different forms of lri are urgently needed to differentiate this burden, compare population-based incidence rates between countries and to recognize trends. | 2005 | 16167272 |
| acute encephalopathy associated with respiratory syncytial virus infections in childhood. a literature review. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been described as the single most important virus causing acute respiratory infections, especially bronchiolitis and pneumonia, in children. the most severe infections affect the youngest infants and well-defined high-risk groups, including infants with a history of premature birth, and those with chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis and immunodeficiency. it has been reported that approximately 1/3 of high-risk children hospitalize ... | 2005 | 16170298 |
| nuclear import of the respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein is mediated by importin beta1 independent of importin alpha. | the matrix (m) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) plays an important role in virus assembly through specific interactions with rsv nucleocapsids and envelope glycoproteins in the cytoplasm as well as with the host cell membrane. we have previously shown that m localizes to the nucleus of infected cells at an early stage in the rsv infection cycle, where it may be instrumental in inhibiting host cell processes. the present study uses transient expression of m as well as a truncated gree ... | 2005 | 16171404 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection and immunoprophylaxis for selected high-risk children in central australia. | there are limited data on the epidemiology and viral aetiology of bronchiolitis in central australia and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immunoprophylaxis in an australian population. | 2005 | 16171499 |
| [plasmid construction, expression, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant protein candidate vaccine of respiratory syncytial virus]. | to construct plasmid of recombinant protein candidate vaccine of respiratory syncytial virus, express it in e. coli, and to investigate its immunogenicity and protective efficacy. a cd8+ t cell epitope from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) m2 protein f/m2:81 - 95 and the g:125-225 (g1) gene fragments from rsv-g protein containing b cell epitopes were amplified by pcr method and then inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pet-dsba after bonding to a linker. the fusion protein dsba-g1-li ... | 2005 | 16176088 |
| perspective on the host response to human metapneumovirus infection: what can we learn from respiratory syncytial virus infections? | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered pathogen first identified in respiratory specimens from young children suffering from clinical respiratory syndromes ranging from mild to severe lower respiratory tract illness. hmpv has worldwide prevalence, and is a leading cause of respiratory tract infection in the first years of life, with a spectrum of disease similar to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the disease burden associated with hmpv infection has not been fully elucidated; h ... | 2006 | 16182587 |
| mutations affecting cleavage at the p10-capsid protease cleavage site block rous sarcoma virus replication. | a series of amino acid substitutions (m239f, m239g, p240f, v241g) were placed in the p10-ca protease cleavage site (vvam*pvvi) to change the rate of cleavage of the junction. the effects of these substitutions on p10-ca cleavage by rsv pr were confirmed by measuring the kinetics of cleavage of model peptide substrates containing the wild type and mutant p10-ca sites. the effects of these substitutions on processing of the gag polyprotein were determined by labeling gag transfected cos-1 cells wi ... | 2005 | 16188035 |
| dexamethasone inhalations in rsv bronchiolitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. | to evaluate the effect of inhaled dexamethasone on hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | 2005 | 16188807 |
| diminished lung function, rsv infection, and respiratory morbidity in prematurely born infants. | diminished lung function appears to be a risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection/bronchiolitis in term born infants. | 2006 | 16188957 |
| inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus replication target cotranscriptional mrna guanylylation by viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory illness in infants, immunocompromised patients, and the elderly. new antiviral agents would be important tools in the treatment of acute rsv disease. rsv encodes its own rna-dependent rna polymerase that is responsible for the synthesis of both genomic rna and subgenomic mrnas. the viral polymerase also cotranscriptionally caps and polyadenylates the rsv mrnas at their 5' and 3' ends, respectively. we have previously reported the ... | 2005 | 16189012 |
| diagnosis coding in the danish national patient registry for respiratory syncytial virus infections. | this national registry-based epidemiological study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the danish national patient registry (dnpr) as a tool for epidemiological studies of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalizations. information on rsv diagnoses in records of hospitalizations among inpatients tested for rsv in denmark from january 1996 to may 2003 in the dnpr was validated against the rsv test result in records from the 18 laboratories testing for rsv among hospitalized patients in denmar ... | 2005 | 16191894 |
| serum eosinophil cationic protein and cd23 in acute rsv bronchiolitis. | elevated concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) have been found in acute viral wheezing during infancy. furthermore, rsv infection has been suggested to stimulate type-2 cytokine responses. the aim of this study was to test whether serum ecp and soluble cd23 levels, which are markers of eosinophil and ige responses, respectively, are elevated in infants hospitalized for acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | 2005 | 16192901 |
| u-epx levels and wheezing in infants and young children with and without rsv bronchiolitis. | an association between severe infant bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and subsequent wheezing is well documented. high levels of urinary eosinophil protein x (u-epx) have been related to active disease in asthmatic children. the aim of this study was to analyse whether rsv bronchiolitis leads to an increase in u-epx levels and whether wheezing is more common in children with high u-epx values. seventeen infants requiring in-ward care for verified rsv lower respiratory tract ... | 2006 | 16198099 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viruses during the first 3 months of life promote a local th2-like response. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections during infancy are considered to be a risk factor for developing asthma and possibly allergic sensitization. | 2005 | 16210054 |
| clinical and socio-economic impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection on healthy children and their households. | this prospective study compared the clinical and socio-economic impact of laboratory-confirmed influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on healthy children and their families. among 1,520 otherwise healthy children aged< 15 years attending the emergency department for acute conditions other than trauma, influenza viruses and rsv were found in 234 (15.4%) and 116 (7.6%; p<0.0001) patients, respectively. the fact that influenza has a similar global clinical impact on the community ... | 2005 | 16216113 |
| respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural protein 2 specifically inhibits type i interferon signal transduction. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) inhibits type i interferon-induced gene expression by decreasing expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat)2. to identify the rsv protein that mediates effects on stat2, airway epithelial cells were infected with vaccinia virus vectors that express single rsv proteins. expression of rsv nonstructural (ns)2 protein alone was sufficient to decrease stat2 levels. furthermore, decreasing rsv ns2 levels using rna interference in respi ... | 2006 | 16216295 |
| [recommendations for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | premature babies < or = 35 weeks gestation, with or without chronic lung disease (cld), and infants affected by severe congenital heart disease should be considered high risk population for rsv infection and hospitalization. hygienic measures and rsv monoclonal antibodies (palivizumab) have been found useful in decreasing rates of rsv hospitalization in these patients. guidelines for their administration include: a) strongly recommended use in premature babies < or = 28 weeks gestation, or born ... | 2005 | 16219256 |
| clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of viral infections in a neonatal intensive care unit during a 12-year period. | the incidence of viral infections in patients treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) is not well-known. we summarized the data of all patients with laboratory-confirmed viral infections admitted at the nicu of our hospital during the period of 1992-2003. | 2005 | 16220089 |
| the retroviral capsid domain dictates virion size, morphology, and coassembly of gag into virus-like particles. | the retroviral structural protein, gag, is capable of independently assembling into virus-like particles (vlps) in living cells and in vitro. immature vlps of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) are morphologically distinct when viewed by transmission electron microscopy (tem). to better understand the nature of the gag-gag interactions leading to these distinctions, we constructed vectors encoding several rsv/hiv-1 chimeric gag proteins for expression in ... | 2005 | 16227267 |
| alternate polypurine tracts (ppts) affect the rous sarcoma virus rnase h cleavage specificity and reveal a preferential cleavage following a ga dinucleotide sequence at the ppt-u3 junction. | retroviral polypurine tracts (ppts) serve as primers for plus-strand dna synthesis during reverse transcription. the generation and removal of the ppt primer requires specific cleavages by the rnase h activity of reverse transcriptases; removal of the ppt primer defines the left end of the linear viral dna. we replaced the endogenous ppt from rsvp(a)z, a replication-competent shuttle vector based on rous sarcoma virus (rsv), with alternate retroviral ppts and the duck hepatitis b virus "ppt." vi ... | 2005 | 16227289 |
| prospective study of healthcare utilisation and respiratory morbidity due to rsv infection in prematurely born infants. | a study was undertaken to determine the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, both in hospital and the community, on healthcare utilisation and respiratory morbidity in prematurely born infants and to identify risk factors for symptomatic rsv infection. | 2005 | 16227330 |
| visualization of retrovirus budding with correlated light and electron microscopy. | we have used correlated scanning em (sem) and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy to visualize budding of virus-like particles (vlps) of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and hiv type 1 (hiv-1). when the gag structural protein was expressed alone as a gfp fusion, most budding particles appeared morphologically aberrant, but normal assembly could be rescued by coexpression of untagged gag protein. imaging of live cells allowed budding to be seen in real time as the disappearance of fluorescent spots from ... | 2005 | 16230638 |
| integrase-mediated nonviral gene transfection with enhanced integration efficiency. | retroviruses efficiently integrate their genome into the host chromosome. two elements of the retrovirus genome are needed for the integration: long terminal repeats (ltrs) and integrase protein. we attempted to incorporate the retrovirus integration machinery in lipid vesicle-mediated gene transfection with the aim of achieving efficient stable transfection in a nonviral gene transfection system. a dna fragment, in which a neomycin-resistant gene was flanked between partial ltr sequences derive ... | 1999 | 16232645 |
| passive immunisation of preterm infants with palivizumab against rsv infection. | palivizumab is a monocloncal antibody used for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection. this study reviews the literature regarding evidence of efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. the only randomised controlled trial into efficacy of palivizumab in preterm infants demonstrates clinical benefit and suggests a favourable safety profile. further studies, however, do not provide evidence that costs saved by the reduction in hospitalisation would outweigh actual costs of the immuniza ... | 2006 | 16236360 |
| impact of palivizumab on admission to the icu for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a national survey. | to assess the effect of palivizumab licensing for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis on national pediatric icu (picu) admissions and on the need for mechanical ventilation due to rsv bronchiolitis in israel. | 2005 | 16236953 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of monocyte-derived dendritic cells decreases their capacity to activate cd4 t cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in children, the elderly, and immune-compromised individuals. cd4 and cd8 t cells play a crucial role in the elimination of rsv from the infected lung, but t cell memory is not sufficient to completely prevent reinfections. the nature of the adaptive immune response depends on innate immune reactions initiated after interaction of invading pathogens with host apcs. for respiratory pathogens myeloid de ... | 2005 | 16237083 |
| role of cysteinyl leukotrienes in airway inflammation and responsiveness following rsv infection in balb/c mice. | cysteinyl leukotrienes (cyslts) contribute to the development of airway obstruction and inflammation in asthma; however little information is available on the role of these molecules in the pathophysiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. this study was designed to evaluate the effects of rsv infection on cyslts production in a well-established mouse infection model. furthermore, we assessed the effect of anti-inflammatory agents (a leukotriene receptor antagonist, mk-571, and ... | 2005 | 16238585 |
| a role for airway remodeling during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | severe respiratory syncytial virus infection (rsv) during infancy has been shown to be a major risk factor for the development of subsequent wheeze. however, the reasons for this link remain unclear. the objective of this research was to determine the consequences of early exposure to rsv and allergen in the development of subsequent airway hyperreactivity (ahr) using a developmental time point in the mouse that parallels that of the human neonate. | 2005 | 16242038 |
| [human metapneumovirus--virologic and diagnostic aspects]. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a pathogenic respiratory virus, discovered in 2001. the virus is part of the family paramyxoviridae and is comparatively closely related to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the clinical manifestations of a hmpv infection are rather similar to infections caused by rsv, ranging from mild upper airway disease to severe pneumonia. detection of hmpv rna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is the only established routine diagnostic method. the virus is easily cultivate ... | 2005 | 16244676 |
| targeted therapy of respiratory syncytial virus by 2-5a antisense. | respiratory syncytial virus is a leading cause of respiratory disease in infants, young children, immunocompromized patients, and the elderly. previous work has shown that rnase l, an antiviral enzyme of the interferon system, can be recruited to cleave rsvgenomic rna by attaching tetrameric 2' 5'-linked oligoadenylates (2 5a) to an antisense oligonucleotide complementary to repetitive intergenic sequences within the rsv genome (2 5a antisense). rbi034, a 2'-o-methyl rna-modified analogue of the ... | 2005 | 16247978 |
| comparative effects of two neutralizing anti-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) monoclonal antibodies in the rsv murine model: time versus potency. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading viral pathogen responsible for bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children worldwide. we have previously shown in the mouse model that treatment with an anti-rsv neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) against the f glycoprotein of rsv, palivizumab, decreased lung inflammation, airway obstruction, and postmethacholine airway hyperresponsiveness. medi-524, or numax, is a new mab derived from palivizumab with enhanced neutralizing activ ... | 2005 | 16251314 |
| mass spectrometry-based relative quantification of human neutrophil peptides 1, 2, and 3 from biological samples. | human neutrophil peptides (hnps) are cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides stored in neutrophils. the similar structure of hnps -1, -2, and -3 renders them impossible to study individually in biological samples. for the first time, we describe a method of individually identifying the hnps -1-3 from exudative neutrophils using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry, and we demonstrate the ability to quantify the relative changes in the peptides fou ... | 2006 | 16253330 |
| overexpression of the m2-2 protein of respiratory syncytial virus inhibits viral replication. | the m2-2 protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is involved in regulation of viral rna transcription and replication. encoded by the next-to-last gene of rsv, the m2-2 open reading frame (orf) overlaps with the upstream m2-1 orf, suggesting that the production of the m2-2 protein might be tightly regulated during virus replication. to evaluate the effect of m2-2 overexpression on rsv replication, the m2-2 gene was separated from m2-1 by leaving it at the position prior to the m2-1 or movin ... | 2005 | 16254330 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections: characteristics and treatment. | in this review, we describe the history, epidemiology and clinical manifestations of infections attributed to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children. at present, no cure exists for rsv infection but commonly employed palliative treatments include oxygen and inhaled beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists, such as salbutamol, to relieve the wheezing and increased bronchiolar smooth muscle constriction. adrenaline (epinephrine) has been found to be superior to the selective beta(2)-adrenoceptor agoni ... | 2005 | 16259768 |
| [a field trial of recombinant human interferon alpha-2b for nasal spray to prevent sars and other respiratory viral infections]. | to study the preventive effect of recombinant human interferon alpha-2b for nasal spray against sars and other common respiratory viral infections by serum-epidemiological method. | 2005 | 16261200 |
| teenage asthma after severe infantile bronchiolitis or pneumonia. | the purpose of the study was to evaluate asthma at >13 y of age in children with infantile bronchiolitis or pneumonia. | 2005 | 16263629 |
| [neonatal hospitalization through a hospital emergency service in uruguay]. | to determine the prevalence of neonatal admissions through a pediatric emergency department (ped), and to evaluate the characteristics of patients who present vital risk on arrival. | 2005 | 16266616 |
| breastfeeding reduces immune activation in primary respiratory syncytial virus infection. | in epidemiological studies of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease, breast milk has proven to be beneficial. however, a host mechanism that is associated with both disease severity and that is capable of being modulated by breast milk, has not yet been identified. both the predominance of interleukin-10 (il-10) over interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), and high soluble interleukin-2 receptor antagonist (scd25) concentrations have been associated with rsv severity. we explored if they were modulate ... | 2005 | 16266861 |
| activation and inactivation of antiviral cd8 t cell responses during murine pneumovirus infection. | pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) is a natural pathogen of mice and has been proposed as a tractable model for the replication of a pneumovirus in its natural host, which mimics human infection with human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). pvm infection in mice is highly productive in terms of virus production compared with the situation seen with rsv in mice. because rsv suppresses cd8 t cell effector function in the lungs of infected mice, we have investigated the nature of pvm-induced cd8 t cell ... | 2005 | 16272314 |
| comparison of the rsv respi-strip with direct fluorescent-antigen detection for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in pediatric patients. | the rsv respi-strip was compared to the simulfluor respiratory screen for detecting respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates from pediatric patients. of samples tested, 115/239 (49%) were positive by direct fluorescent-antigen detection. the sensitivity and specificity of the rsv respi-strip were 92% (95% confidence interval [ci], 86% to 96%) and 98% (95% ci, 94% to 100%), respectively, with a diagnostic efficiency of 95%. | 2005 | 16272519 |
| a novel inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus isolated from ethnobotanicals. | a novel low molecular weight compound, cj 4-16-4, isolated from ethnobotanicals using bioassay-guided fractionation, was found to be a potent inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in vitro and in vivo. in vitro, a very low micromolar efficacious dose was obtained against at least four of subtype a (rsv-long, rsv a2, and rsv a6 57754) and one of subtype b (washington) rsv strains without seeing any significant cytotoxicity to hep-2, mdck or vero cell lines. the drug inhibits growth of rs ... | 2005 | 16280176 |
| [sequence aanlysis of intergenic region of rice stripe virus rna4: evidence for mixed infection and genomic variation]. | the intergenic region (ir) of the rna4 of 22 isolates of rice stripe virus (rsv) in china was cloned and sequenced. the ir sequences were compared with one another and with that from japan. sequence comparisons showed that these isolates could be divided into three different types, with the ir length of 634 bp, 654 bp and 732 bp, respectively. it is interesting to note three different types all occurred in yunnan rsv natural population, whereas other province only existed 654 bp type length isol ... | 2003 | 16281554 |
| development of an improved microneutralization assay for respiratory syncytial virus by automated plaque counting using imaging analysis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. although several experimental rsv vaccines are under investigation, immuno therapy is the only treatment currently available. in assessing the immunogenicity of various vaccine formulations, a plaque reduction neutralization assay for the evaluation of rsv neutralizing antibody has been widely used. the method produces reliable results, but it is tedious and labor intensive as ... | 2005 | 16281972 |
| human metapneumovirus induces a profile of lung cytokines distinct from that of respiratory syncytial virus. | lung cytokine and chemokine production by balb/c mice infected with human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was compared to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected mice. hmpv infection induced lower levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (il-1), il-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha but was a more potent inducer of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and triggered a more sustained production of the cxc chemokine kc compared to rsv. hmpv was a stronger inducer of both alpha interf ... | 2005 | 16282501 |
| differential response of dendritic cells to human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. | dendritic cells (dcs) play a pivotal role in shaping antiviral immune responses in the respiratory tract. human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently identified pathogen and like its better known relative, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), has been increasingly recognized as a major cause of respiratory morbidity in infants and in elderly persons. in the present study, we examined susceptibility as well as cellular responses of human dcs to hmpv compared with rsv. monocyte-derived dcs (modcs) we ... | 2006 | 16284360 |
| cryo-electron microscopy reveals conserved and divergent features of gag packing in immature particles of rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus. | retrovirus assembly proceeds via multimerisation of the major structural protein, gag, into a tightly packed, spherical particle that buds from the membrane of the host cell. the lateral packing arrangement of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) gag ca (capsid) domain in the immature virus has been described. here we have used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-em) and image processing to determine the lateral and radial arrangement of gag in in vivo and in vitro assembled rous sarcoma v ... | 2006 | 16289202 |
| pneumonia in older adults. new categories add complexity to diagnosis and care. | the microbiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in older adults, particularly in residents of long-term care facilities, differs from that in the general us population. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are important, newly appreciated causes of pneumonia and triggers of comorbid disease exacerbations that often lead to hospitalization of high-risk elderly patients with underlying heart or lung disease. here, dr high examines the diagnostic and treatment s ... | 2005 | 16296261 |
| antiviral activity of engystol: an in vitro analysis. | to study the effects of the homeopathic preparation engystol (biologische heilmittel heel gmbh, baden-baden, germany) on a panel [corrected] of human pathogenic viruses in vitro. | 2005 | 16296918 |
| virological analysis in the diagnosis of sudden children death: a medico-legal approach. | infections are considered to be an important cause of unexpected death in children. it has also been assumed that respiratory viruses are involved in the genesis of sudden infant death syndrome (sids). the spanish national institute of toxicology and forensic sciences act as the forensic reference centre for spain. we analyse the experience of this centre in the virological study of 64 cases of sudden children death where viral serology, virological cultures, herpesviruses polymerase chain react ... | 2006 | 16300916 |
| a 3' utr sequence stabilizes termination codons in the unspliced rna of rous sarcoma virus. | eukaryotic cells target mrnas to the nonsense-mediated mrna decay (nmd) pathway when translation terminates within the coding region. in mammalian cells, this is presumably due to a downstream signal deposited during pre-mrna splicing. in contrast, unspliced retroviral rna undergoes nmd in chicken cells when premature termination codons (ptcs) are present in the gag gene. surprisingly, deletion of a 401-nt 3' utr sequence immediately downstream of the normal gag termination codon caused this ter ... | 2006 | 16301601 |
| selective accumulation of differentiated cd8+ t cells specific for respiratory viruses in the human lung. | the lungs are frequently challenged by viruses, and resident cd8(+) t cells likely contribute to the surveillance of these pathogens. to obtain insight into local t cell immunity to respiratory viruses in humans, we determined the specificity, phenotype, and function of lung-residing cd8(+) t cells and peripheral blood cd8(+) t cells in a paired analysis. the lung contained markedly higher frequencies of influenza (flu)-specific and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific cd8(+) t cells when ... | 2005 | 16301748 |
| epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children with lower respiratory tract infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most frequent pathogen found in hospitalized young children with lower respiratory tract infection, and the virus is distributed worldwide. respiratory distress and respiratory failure are caused by rsv in some severe cases. its appearance always varies every year and depends on differences of latitudes, altitudes and climates. the purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of hospitalized children from a hospital located in northern taiwan ... | 2005 | 16302582 |
| direct binding of respiratory syncytial virus to pneumococci: a phenomenon that enhances both pneumococcal adherence to human epithelial cells and pneumococcal invasiveness in a murine model. | in a previous study we showed that pneumococcal adherence to epithelial cells was enhanced by a preceding respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. rsv-glycoproteins, expressed on the infected cell surface, may play a role in this enhanced pneumococcal binding, by acting as bacterial receptors. in the current study, it was attempted to analyze the capacity of pneumococci to interact directly with rsv virions. by flow-cytometry, a direct interaction between rsv and pneumococci could be detecte ... | 2005 | 16306193 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-inducible bcl-3 expression antagonizes the stat/irf and nf-kappab signaling pathways by inducing histone deacetylase 1 recruitment to the interleukin-8 promoter. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a paramyxovirus that produces airway inflammation, in part by inducing interleukin-8 (il-8) expression, a cxc-type chemokine, via the nf-kappab/rela and stat/irf signaling pathways. in rsv-infected a549 cells, il-8 transcription attenuates after 24 h in spite of ongoing viral replication and persistence of nuclear rela, suggesting a mechanism for transcriptional attenuation. rsv infection induces b-cell lymphoma protein -3 (bcl-3) expression 6 to 12 h after v ... | 2005 | 16306601 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus]. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common worldwide cause of lower respiratory tract infections (lri) in infants less than 6 months of age. the prophylaxis against rsv infection by vaccination has been unsuccessful because of its adverse effects. as antiviral drug, ribavirin spray (aerosol) had been used clinically and reduces the amount of virus load, without reducing the necessity of symptomatic therapy and the duration of hospitalization. therefore rsv lri has been treated ma ... | 2005 | 16308533 |
| rates of hospitalisation for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus among infants and young children. | to inform the development of a national influenza immunisation programme and the potential role of antiviral drugs in young children, we studied 613 children aged 71 months or younger who attended leicester childrens' hospital during winter 2001-2002. during periods of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza, and human metapneumovirus activity, an estimated 12.2% (95% ci: 11.4-13.1), 7.1% (6.3-7.9), and 2.5% (2.1-2.9), respectively, of all medical cases assessed in the hospital were associa ... | 2006 | 16310899 |
| [construction and effect of the recombinant pshrna plasmid against respiratory syncystial virus m2-1 gene]. | respiratory syncystial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory infections in infants worldwide. there is no reliable vaccine or antiviral drug against rsv at present. rna interference (rnai) technology is a potent method to degrade expression of the cognate mrna. in order to inhibit the replication of rsv at gene level, the effects of specific rnai against m2-1 gene of rsv on inhibition of viral replication in cell culture system was observed in this study. | 2005 | 16316538 |
| evaluation of viral and mammalian promoters for driving transgene expression in mouse liver. | fifteen luciferase plasmid constructs driven by various promoters including cytomegalovirus (cmv), rous sarcoma virus (rsv), human serum albumin (sa), alpha-1 antitrypsin (aat), cytochrome p450 cyp1a2, cyp2c9, cyp2c18, cyp2d6, cyp3a4, mouse cyp2b10, human amyloid precursor protein (app), chicken beta actin (act), nuclear factor kappa b (nfkappab), and heat shock protein 70 (hs) promoters were hydrodynamically introduced into mouse hepatocytes, and the level and persistence of luciferase gene exp ... | 2006 | 16316630 |
| molecular analysis of respiratory syncytial virus reinfections in infants from coastal kenya. | individuals are reinfected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) repeatedly. the nature of reinfection, in relation to rsv genetic and antigenic diversity, is ill defined and has implications for persistence and vaccine control. | 2006 | 16323133 |
| analysis of the thermal and ph stability of human respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was studied as a function of ph (3-8) and temperature (10-85 degrees c) by fluorescence, circular dichroism, and high-resolution second-derivative absorbance spectroscopies, as well as dynamic light scattering and optical density as a measurement of viral aggregation. the results indicate that the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of rsv are both ph and temperature labile. derivative ultraviolet absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy (intrinsic an ... | 2005 | 16323956 |
| hyperresponsiveness to inhaled but not intravenous methacholine during acute respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. | to characterise the acute physiological and inflammatory changes induced by low-dose rsv infection in mice. | 2005 | 16324223 |
| molecular characterization of iranian wheat stripe virus shows its taxonomic position as a distinct species in the genus tenuivirus. | the full lengths of three genome segments of iranian wheat stripe virus (iwsv) were amplified by reverse transcription (rt) followed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using a primer complementary to tenuivirus conserved terminal sequences. the segments were sequenced and found to comprise 3469, 2337, and 1831 nt, respectively. the gene organization of these segments is similar to that of other known tenuiviruses, each displaying an ambisense coding strategy. iwsv segments, however, are differen ... | 2006 | 16328148 |
| a virologic survey of patients admitted to a critical care unit for acute cardiorespiratory failure. | to document the prevalence of respiratory virus infections in patients with chronic cardiac or pulmonary disorders admitted to a critical care unit for acute cardiorespiratory failure. | 2006 | 16328219 |
| viral infections in the elderly. the challenges of managing herpes zoster, influenza, and rsv. | viral diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients, whether they live in the community or in long-term care facilities. management of viral infections in older adults is complicated by factors that include the infrequency or absence of common signs and symptoms of infection and adverse drug reactions. in this article, drs bader and mckinsey discuss the clinical features and treatment of herpes zoster and the respiratory diseases caused by influenza and respirato ... | 2005 | 16329530 |
| peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines from rsv-infected epithelial cells. | the epithelial cells of the airways are the target cells for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and the site of the majority of the inflammation associated with the disease. recently, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties. therefore, we investigated the role of ppargamma agonists (15d-pgj(2), ciglitazone and troglitazone) on the synthesis of rsv-induced cy ... | 2006 | 16330064 |
| [viral etiology of pneumonia in children]. | to evaluate the viral pathogen of pneumonia in children. | 2005 | 16331823 |
| mutations in the u5 sequences adjacent to the primer binding site do not affect trna cleavage by rous sarcoma virus rnase h but do cause aberrant integrations in vivo. | in most retroviruses, the first nucleotide added to the trna primer becomes the right end of the u5 region in the right long terminal repeat (ltr); the removal of this trna primer by rnase h defines the right end of the linear double-stranded dna. most retroviruses have two nucleotides between the 5' end of the primer binding site (pbs) and the ca dinucleotide that will become the end of the integrated provirus. however, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) has only one nucleotide at this ... | 2006 | 16352569 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects neuronal cells and processes that innervate the lung by a process involving rsv g protein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a primary cause of morbidity and life-threatening lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. children with acute rsv bronchiolitis often develop respiratory sequelae, but the disease mechanisms are poorly understood. mounting evidence suggests that rsv may mediate persistent infection. using immunohistochemistry to identify rsv and rsv-infected cell types, we show that rsv infects primary neurons and neuronal processes that innervate the l ... | 2006 | 16352577 |
| the association of respiratory viruses, temperature, and other climatic parameters with the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in sydney, australia. | increases in incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (ipd) during the colder months of the year in temperate regions are well recognized, but few detailed studies of possible interactions are available. we examined the relationship between virus activity, climatic parameters, and ipd during a winter in which there were separate peak incidences of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2006 | 16355331 |
| noninvasive therapy with helium-oxygen for severe bronchiolitis. | to determine whether noninvasive therapy using a helium-oxygen mixture reduces the use of positive-pressure ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure caused by severe bronchiolitis. | 2005 | 16356437 |
| brief report: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 2004-2005. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) (e.g., bronchiolitis and pneumonia) among young children, resulting in an estimated 51,000-82,000 hospitalizations annually in the united states. rsv also causes severe disease and death among older persons and persons of all ages with compromised respiratory, cardiac, or immune systems and can exacerbate chronic cardiac and pulmonary conditions. in temperate climates, most rsv infections occur durin ... | 2005 | 16358448 |
| [microbiologic diagnosis of acute upper respiratory tract infections]. | the main aim of the microbiological diagnosis is to detect the etiologic agent of an infection. in case of bacteria it means to check the susceptibility to antibiotics. it can be difficult to find the etiological agent of respiratory tract infections due to wide range of potential pathogens both viral and bacterial. culture methods are the most frequently used while in case of atypical and viral pathogens rather serological methods based on specific antibody level checking are recommended. in hi ... | 2005 | 16358917 |
| the potential impact of palivizumab on pediatric airway reconstruction. | to examine the role of palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody vaccine designed to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, in the surgical setting, and to explore the feasibility, in terms of medical benefit and cost, of its use in pediatric airway reconstruction patients. | 2006 | 16360816 |
| influence of immunisation with mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin on the sensitisation to inhaled allergens after infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) may play an important role in allergic diathesis by creating a th2-type immune response. mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) is known to induce a th1-type immune response, but the association of bcg vaccination and the suppression of allergy development remain controversial. we investigated the influence of bcg vaccination on the immune response to rsv in a mouse model. balb/c mice were bcg vaccinated, rsv infected and ovalbumin (ova) challenged. ... | 2005 | 16362797 |
| respiratory syncytial virus epidemiology in turkey. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children worldwide. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of rsv among high-risk children admitted with respiratory symptoms in a developing country. this is a multicenter study conducted among children less than 24 months of age and admitted to the hospital with respiratory symptoms. the inclusion criteria included: lower respiratory tract symptoms on admission, gesta ... | 2005 | 16363337 |
| influenza and respiratory syncytial virus morbidity among 0-19 aged group in yunus emre health center. | the objective of the study was to determine the morbidity of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the 0-19 years of age group with influenza-like illness among the outpatient cases. from 20 january to 31 march 2003 a total of 123 subjects with upper respiratory tract infection attended yunus emre health center. ninety-one subjects fit the case definition of influenza-like illness, which consisted of acute fever of more than 38 degrees c, cough, and sore throat. after obta ... | 2005 | 16363339 |
| intravenous ribavirin is a safe and cost-effective treatment for respiratory syncytial virus infection after lung transplantation. | community-acquired viral infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), represent a risk factor for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (bos), the major limiting factor for long-term survival after lung transplantation (ltx). rsv often presents with acute bronchiolitis and may be fatal in 10% to 20% of patients. standard therapies for rsv include nebulized ribavirin with or without steroids, but are costly and inconvenient. we investigated the utility of intravenous (iv) ribavirin with ste ... | 2005 | 16364859 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common worldwide cause of lower respiratory tract infections (lri) in infants less than 12 months of age. rsv isolates can be divided into group a and b. in addition, there were many genotypes within each group, and these genotypes have evolved global setting with temporal and geographic clustering. many cellular genes encoding cytokines and chemokines which are activated by rsv infection has now been focused for the elucidation of pathophysiol ... | 2005 | 16366356 |
| respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitors. part 3: water-soluble benzimidazol-2-one derivatives with antiviral activity in vivo. | the introduction of acidic and basic functionality into the side chains of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion inhibitors was examined in an effort to identify compounds suitable for evaluation in vivo in the cotton rat model of rsv infection following administration as a small particle aerosol. the acidic compounds 2r, 2u, 2v, 2w, 2z, and 2aj demonstrated potent antiviral activity in cell culture and exhibited efficacy in the cotton rat comparable to ribavirin. in a balb/c mouse model, the ... | 2006 | 16368233 |
| influenza related hospitalisations in sydney, new south wales, australia. | routine influenza vaccination for children aged 6-23 months has recently been recommended in the united states. accurate assessment of influenza related burden of illness in children could support similar recommendations in other settings. however, routinely available data underestimate the role of influenza in causing hospitalisation, and indirect estimation methods face difficulties controlling for the concurrent circulation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). recent studies from hong kong a ... | 2006 | 16371373 |
| medical and economic impact of a respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes frequent nosocomial outbreaks in general pediatric wards but is less commonly reported in neonatal intensive care units (nicus). we investigated an outbreak of rsv infection in a nicu and its impact on health care delivery, outcomes and costs. | 2005 | 16371862 |
| contribution of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses to acute respiratory infections in san luis potosí, mexico. | respiratory viruses are the main pathogens associated with acute respiratory illness (ari) in children. | 2005 | 16371864 |
| virus-induced airway dysfunction: pathogenesis and biomechanisms. | viral respiratory tract infections cause significant morbidity and mortality. respiratory viruses are suspected to play a role in the inception of asthma early in life. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of infant bronchiolitis, which is associated with the development of childhood wheezing and asthma. however, it is not clear whether this association is "causal" or "circumstantial." | 2005 | 16378041 |
| factors predicting childhood respiratory syncytial virus severity: what they indicate about pathogenesis. | a plethora of clinical experience exists defining the factors associated with differences in severity of childhood respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. these clinical severity factors reveal a wealth of information about the pathogenesis of this disease. reviewing and interpreting the clinical risk factors to gain an insight into rsv pathogenesis is important, especially considering the relative lack of parallel between many animal models of rsv infection and observed human disease. | 2005 | 16378043 |
| chronic manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus infection in premature infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in healthy infants born at term results in long term sequelae. infants born prematurely are at increased risk of severe acute rsv infection; thus it would seem likely that such infants would be at increased risk of long term respiratory sequelae. | 2005 | 16378044 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections: old challenges and new opportunities. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among children aged < 1 year. the majority of children hospitalized for rsv infection are younger than 6 months of age. rsv also causes repeated infections including severe lower respiratory tract disease, which may occur at any age, especially among the elderly or those with compromised cardiac, pulmonary, or immune systems. | 2005 | 16378045 |
| modulation of respiratory syncytial virus-induced prostaglandin e2 production by n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human respiratory epithelium. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) results in substantial infant morbidity and has been associated with the subsequent development of childhood asthma. inflammatory mediators produced by both the epithelium and tissue leukocytes during rsv infection stimulate the release of chemotactic factors by the respiratory epithelium and the subsequent influx of inflammatory cells, predominantly neutrophils. we investigated the production of inflammatory mediators [prostaglandin e2 (pge2), in ... | 2005 | 16382572 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | recently, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) rna has been identified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) from a high percentage of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). these data raise the possibility of persistent low-grade infection in this population, which could have implications in copd pathogenesis. | 2006 | 16387798 |
| leflunomide prevents alveolar fluid clearance inhibition by respiratory syncytial virus. | previously, we demonstrated that intranasal infection of balb/c mice with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) resulted in an early 40% reduction in alveolar fluid clearance (afc), an effect mediated via p2y purinergic receptors. | 2006 | 16387801 |
| expression of programmed death-1 ligand (pd-l) 1, pd-l2, b7-h3, and inducible costimulator ligand on human respiratory tract epithelial cells and regulation by respiratory syncytial virus and type 1 and 2 cytokines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is associated with wheezing illness, and infections can occur repeatedly throughout life. we hypothesized that rsv infection of respiratory tract epithelial cells up-regulates b7 molecules that regulate memory immune responses and that type 1 and 2 cytokines differentially modulate this induction. | 2006 | 16388488 |
| association between severe respiratory syncytial virus infection and il13/il4 haplotypes. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. in both diseases, interleukin (il)-4 and il-13 play important roles. by investigating il4 and il13 polymorphisms in 131 children with severe rsv infection and 270 control subjects, we found an association between il13 polymorphism -1112c/t and severe rsv infection (p = .026). furthermore, certain haplotypes showed an even stronger association with severe rsv infection (p = .0008). the results ... | 2006 | 16388492 |
| surveillance of respiratory virus infections in adult hospital admissions using rapid methods. | both influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cause epidemics of respiratory illness of variable severity during the winter season. influenza in particular has been blamed for hospital winter bed pressures, although it is thought that rsv may also play a role. human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a new respiratory virus reported to be important in children; only a limited number of studies are available for adult populations. we aimed to determine initially the burden of virologically confirme ... | 2006 | 16388686 |
| [study on the relations between epidemiology of respiratory syncytial infection in children and climate factors in hangzhou]. | to study the epidemiolgy of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children and its relations to climate factors in hangzhou. | 2005 | 16390007 |
| human metapneumovirus infections in hospitalised infants in spain. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) causes lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in young children and the elderly. | 2006 | 16399780 |
| deletion of a cys-his motif from the alpharetrovirus nucleocapsid domain reveals late domain mutant-like budding defects. | the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) gag polyprotein is the only protein required for virus assembly and release. we previously found that deletion of either one of the two cys-his (ch) motifs in the rsv nucleocapsid (nc) protein did not abrogate gag-gag interactions, rna binding, or packaging but greatly reduced virus production (e-g. lee, a. alidina et al., j. virol. 77: 2010-2020, 2003). in this report, we have further investigated the effects of mutations in the ch motifs on virus assembly and relea ... | 2006 | 16406458 |
| association of respiratory picornaviruses with acute bronchiolitis in french infants. | human rhinoviruses and enteroviruses (picornaviridae) are suspected to be major viral etiological causes of bronchiolitis in infants. | 2006 | 16406692 |