| isolated cranial granuloma induced by pneumocystis carinii. | | 1993 | 8514284 |
| pneumocystis carinii is not universally transmissible between mammalian species. | in a series of five experiments, we attempted to transmit pneumocystis carinii from ferrets to scid mice by intratracheal inoculation. using highly specific and sensitive assay techniques, we could not document infection of scid mice by p. carinii isolated from ferrets. in contrast, under identical inoculation conditions, p. carinii was easily transmissible from one scid mouse to another. these results indicate that p. carinii organisms, at least those isolated from ferrets, have a restricted ho ... | 1993 | 8514391 |
| further evidence of host species-specific variation in antigens of pneumocystis carinii using the polymerase chain reaction. | to further elucidate the extent of variation among pneumocystis carinii obtained from different mammalian hosts, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of the genes encoding two antigens of p. carinii was done. using primers based on the ferret p. carinii glycoprotein (gp)a gene and the rat p. carinii 45- to 55-kda antigen gene, amplification was attempted with dna isolated from p. carinii-infected ferret, rat, mouse, and human lungs. for both genes, amplification was successful only with p. c ... | 1993 | 8515107 |
| gender differences in reported aids-indicative diagnoses. | to compare aids-defining conditions in women and men, us adult aids cases diagnosed between january 1988 and june 1991 and reported to the centers for disease control and prevention through june 1992 were examined. for most aids-defining conditions, the prevalence was similar for women and men when differences in race/ethnicity and mode of transmission were accounted for. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the most prevalent condition (> 50%) regardless of gender, race/ethnicity, or mode of tran ... | 1993 | 8515133 |
| [anesthetic considerations in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | in the last few years many articles have been published on aids, the mechanism of transmission, prophylaxis and therapeutic possibilities; however, very few publications are available related with anesthesia of patients infected with hiv or aids. the authors have therefore undertaken this review in which following a brief description of the etiology, pathogenesis, physiopathology and treatment of the disease, the problems of anesthesia are specifically dealt with. the need for knowing the differ ... | 1993 | 8516524 |
| characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in brazil. | the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were studied in a tropical area of brazil. during an 18-month period (july 1989-january 1991), 111 consecutive aids patients (102 men and nine women) were evaluated. patients reported homosexual/bisexual activities (60%), intravenous drug use (19%), or both (6%), heterosexual activities (11%), blood transfusions (2%), and 2% belonged to an undetermined category. weight loss, fever, oral thrush, and di ... | 1993 | 8517487 |
| the hiv quality audit marker (hiv-qam): an outcome measure for hospitalized aids patients. | the development and validation of the hiv-quality audit marker (hiv-qam), an instrument designed to measure changes in the status of hospitalized aids patients due to nursing care, is reported. the hiv-qam is designed to capture the nurse data-collector's judgment of the status of the patient based upon observations, interviews, record reviews, and listening to inter-shift report. the final version of the 10 item hiv-qam includes three scales, self-care (six items; cronbach's alpha = 0.89), ambu ... | 1993 | 8518770 |
| frequencies of opportunistic diseases prior to death among hiv-infected persons. community programs for clinical research on aids. | to describe the complete history of major opportunistic events experienced by 1883 hiv-infected persons prior to and specifically within 6 months of death, and to determine whether the frequency of specific events varies according to demographic characteristics, risk behaviors or geographic location. | 1995 | 8519450 |
| the art of parasite survival. | parasites develop and survive in an environment which is often hostile to them. when facing aggressive conditions parasites are able to use various and complex strategies. echinococcus granulosus, toxocara canis, pneumocystis carinii, entamoeba or toxoplasma gondii are able to seclude from the environment when stressed by surrounding (immunologic or non-immunologic) aggressive factors. specific antigens which exert a functional activity during a short period of time appear to be concealed from t ... | 1995 | 8520537 |
| uptake and metabolism of l-serine by pneumocystis carinii carinii. | serine is an important amino acid that is utilized in the biosyntheses of proteins and lipids. it is directly incorporated into the head group of phosphatidylserine, which in turn can be converted to other phospholipids. also, it is required for the formation of long chain bases, precursors of sphingolipids. uptake and incorporation of radiolabeled serine into both lipids and acid-precipitable material were demonstrated in pneumocystis carinii carinii organism preparations freshly isolated from ... | 1995 | 8520579 |
| analysis of genetic diversity at the arom locus in isolates of pneumocystis carinii. | the dna sequences of a portion of the 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate phosphate synthase domain of the arom gene, encoding the pentafunctional arom protein, were determined from isolates of pneumocystis carinii from five mammalian host species (rat, human, ferret, rabbit and mouse). high levels of genetic divergence were found among p. carinii derived from different host species, 7-22% at the dna sequence level, and 7-26% at the derived amino acid sequence level. two separate and distinct sequences were ... | 1995 | 8520580 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with wegener's granulomatosis. | | 1995 | 8520798 |
| [two cases of sensory neural hearing loss as a manifestation of hiv infection]. | in patients with hiv infection, oral and pharyngeal pathology frequently occurs, but there have been no reports on cases of deafness in japan. herein, the authors report two cases of sensory neural hearing loss in hemophilia a patients infected with hiv through factor viii concentrates. case 1 was a 16-year-old male with hemophilia a. he had been administered factor viii concentrates starting at 6 months after birth. at 8 years of age, hiv antibodies were positive. he was diagnosed as having aid ... | 1995 | 8523168 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with inhaled corticosteroids in an immunocompetent child with asthma. | | 1995 | 8523172 |
| corticosteroid therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1995 | 8523175 |
| impairment of antigen-specific t-cell priming in mice lacking cd40 ligand. | lack of functional expression of cd40 ligand (cd40l) on t cells results in hyper-igm syndrome (higm1), a human immunodeficiency associated with a severely impaired humoral immune response that is consistent with defects in b-cell responses. patients also succumb to recurrent opportunistic infections such as pneumocystis carinii and cryptosporidial diarrhoea, suggesting that t-cell functions are also compromised in these individuals, but so far this has not been explained. we have previously show ... | 1995 | 8524395 |
| [infections following bone marrow transplantation]. | recent years have witnessed a reduction in the frequency of infectious complications both in allogeneic and in autologous bone marrow transplantation (bmt). with a frequency of 30-40 percent, septicaemia is the predominant problem during the aplastic phase. owing to the introduction of prophylaxis with quinolones, there has been a shift in the aetiological spectrum toward gram-positive infections, and gram-negative infections now account for less than 10 percent of all cases. in turn, this has b ... | 1995 | 8524635 |
| steroids do not enhance the risk of developing tuberculosis or other aids-related diseases in hiv-infected patients treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to evaluate the risk of developing tuberculosis or other aids-related diseases (ard) in hiv-infected patients treated with corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1995 | 8527075 |
| clinical experience with fludarabine and its immunosuppressive effects in pretreated chronic lymphocytic leukemias and low-grade lymphomas. | fludarabine monophosphate (famp) is a new adenine nucleoside analogue with a promising efficacy in b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (b-cll) and low-grade non-hodgkin lymphomas (nhls). here, the clinical experience and side effects with famp are reported in 77 patients with pretreated cll (59 b-cll, 2 t-cll) and low-grade nhls (9 immunocytic lymphomas including 5 waldenström's macroglobulinaemia, 2 centrocytic (cc) and 5 centroblastic-centrocytic (cb-cc) nhls). 70/77 patients are evaluable for ... | 1995 | 8528057 |
| immunoblot analysis for serum antibodies to pneumocystis carinii by age and intensity of infection in rats. | the present study aims to observe changing patterns of serum antibody to pneumocystis carinii in normal rats of different ages and in immunosuppressed rats. the serum igg antibody was observed by immunoblotting with crude antigen of p. carinii which were purified from the lungs of infected rats. the crude antigens separated in sds-page resolved more than 20 protein bands from 20 to 200 kda. of them, 40-45, 50-55, 116 and 200 kda bands were major antigens of p. carinii. most of the normal rats of ... | 1995 | 8528625 |
| mycobacterium genavense invasive infection in two children with aids: long-term followup. | mycobacterium genavense is a rare cause of opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts. follow up of two cases of m. genavense invasive infection in children with haemophilia a and aids are presented. one patient died 18 months after diagnosis of m. genavense infection of an indirectly related cause, probably of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the second patient still attends our outpatient clinic and the infection is under control. both presented with abdominal lymphomas and pain and a w ... | 1995 | 8529716 |
| polymerase chain reaction is more sensitive than standard cytologic stains in detecting pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavages from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected infants and children with pneumonia. | | 1995 | 8532434 |
| successful bone marrow transplantation in patients with recent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: report of two cases. | | 1995 | 8535327 |
| msg gene cluster encoding major cell surface glycoproteins of rat pneumocystis carinii. | the msg genes of pneumocystis carinii encode major cell surface glycoproteins of multi-gene families and play crucial roles in the pathobiology of p. carinii pneumocystosis. the 11,370-bp chromosomal dna encoding msg was cloned and sequenced. it contained three open reading frames in tandem repeat, msg99, msg100 and orf-3. msg99 and msg100 shared 39% protein sequence identity and belonged to the same msg family, regardless of the internal ca. 1,000-bp deletion in msg99. orf-3 encodes a putative ... | 1994 | 8535973 |
| the scid mouse as an experimental model for the evaluation of anti-pneumocystis carinii therapy. | the usefulness of scid mice bearing endogenous pneumocystis carinii infection as a model for experimental chemotherapy was examined using standard compounds known to be effective against p. carinii. trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole was able to reduce pulmonary p. carinii cysts in a dose-dependent manner within the dose range studied (10/50 to 100/500 tmp/smx mg/kg/d, bd, po, 5 days per week for 30 treatments). however, alterations in associated symptoms of infection (reduced body weight, increased ... | 1995 | 8537261 |
| acute hepatic and renal failure caused by pneumocystis carinii in patients with aids. | clinical and pathological findings are described in two aids patients with pneumocystis carinii infection who received prophylactic treatment with nebulised pentamidine and developed unusual hepatic and renal failure. histological examination showed clumps of p carinii massively obstructing hepatic sinuses and portal vessels in the first patient, and merular and intertubular capillaries in the second. these findings could explain the unusual clinical features, characterised by acute hepatic and ... | 1995 | 8537506 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: who should receive prophylaxis? | | 1996 | 8538221 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: associated illness and prior corticosteroid therapy. | to determine the clinical spectrum of immunosuppressive conditions and systemic corticosteroid therapy associated with the development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a consecutive series of patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 1996 | 8538233 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in africa. | | 1996 | 8538328 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in africa. | | 1996 | 8538329 |
| randomized study of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim versus aerosolized pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | in a prospective, randomized open-label trial, the efficacy of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (smx-tmp) 400/80 mg b.i.d. was compared with the efficacy of aerosolized pentamidine (ap) 60 mg every 2nd week as secondary prophylaxis (sp) against recurrence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients. 94 patients participated in the study, 47 in each group. the patients were observed for a mean period of 17.2 months. pcp recurred in the ap group in 8 cases, while 1 relapse occurred in th ... | 1995 | 8539544 |
| clinically achievable plasma deferoxamine concentrations are therapeutic in a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the iron-chelating drug deferoxamine (dfo) has been shown to be active in animal models of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), with effective daily intraperitoneal bolus dosages being 400 and 1,000 mg of dfo mesylate kg of body weight-1 in mouse and rat models, respectively. continuous infusion produced a moderately improved response in a rat model. the data reported here demonstrate that the response achieved by continuous infusion of 195 and 335 mg of dfo mesylate kg-1 day-1 in the rat model ... | 1995 | 8540710 |
| primary care of children with hiv infection. | as the number of children affected by the hiv epidemic increases, the primary care physician can have an important role in ensuring that these children receive comprehensive health care. clinical aspects of pediatric hiv disease are reviewed, including the recently revised centers for disease control and prevention classification system. important advances include the development and application of techniques for establishing in early infancy whether or not a child is infected. the implications ... | 1995 | 8541949 |
| serial indium-111-labelled igg biodistribution in rat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a tool to monitor the course and severity of the infection. | to study the effect of new therapeutic strategies, we developed an animal model to monitor the course and severity of experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in rats. p. carinii density scores in giemsa-stained impression smears were used to follow p. carinii load. indium-111 labelled igg scintigraphy and biodistribution, histology of paraffin-embedded tissue sections, lung/body weight (l/b wt) ratio and cell count and differentiation of broncho-alveolar lavage (bal) fluid were used as ... | 1995 | 8542896 |
| benefit of primary prophylaxis before 18 months of age in reducing the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and early death in a cohort of 112 human immunodeficiency virus-infected infants. new york city perinatal hiv transmission collaborative study group. | to determine the effectiveness of primary prophylaxis in preventing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) infection. | 1996 | 8545225 |
| the utility of annual surveillance bronchoscopy in heart-lung transplant recipients. | bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy (tbbx) and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) has an appreciable yield in detecting asymptomatic abnormalities in heart-lung transplant recipients (hltr) during the early postoperative period. the utility of annual surveillance procedures has not been critically evaluated. we reviewed all annual bronchoscopies performed on 29 hltr to determine the frequency of asymptomatic abnormalities. surveillance bronchoscopies (sb) were performed on asymptomatic subjects wi ... | 1995 | 8545874 |
| factors associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in wegener's granulomatosis. | to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in wegener's granulomatosis (wg). | 1995 | 8546533 |
| a meta-analysis of the relative efficacy and toxicity of pneumocystis carinii prophylactic regimens. | finding the optimal strategy for pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection can be problematic. several prophylactic regimens are available, but their relative efficacy and tolerance are not well understood. | 1996 | 8546551 |
| quality standard for the prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adults and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1995 | 8547504 |
| quality standard for the prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants and children born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1995 | 8547506 |
| preventing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | although the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) among adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has declined, no decline in pcp incidence has been observed among hiv-infected children, and pcp remains the most common serious opportunistic infection among both adults and children in the united states. some evidence of airborne transmission of p. carinii exists, and some clusters of cases of pcp have been reported; however, data are insufficient to recommend that perso ... | 1995 | 8547511 |
| topical fumagillin in the treatment of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in aids. | to report microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in a patient infected with hiv who was treated with topical fumagillin. | 1995 | 8547736 |
| fatal pneumopathy in children after bone marrow transplantation--report from the italian registry. italian association of pediatric hematology-oncology bmt group. | we have examined data reported in the aieop-bmt registry in order to determine the incidence, causes and risk factors for fatal pneumopathy after bone marrow transplantation in a pediatric population. overall, in the registry 1134 children are reported, 531 of whom received an autologous bmt, 468 allomatched bmt, eight syngeneic, 75 mismatched, 29 unrelated and 23 peripheral blood progenitor cells as rescue after myeloablative therapy in the period 1983-1993. 198 patients out of 1134 (17%) died ... | 1995 | 8547864 |
| massive reversible pulmonary cysts in a patient with aids. | we report the case of a patient with aids who presented with bilateral, massive pulmonary cystic disease and pneumothorax presumably caused by pneumocystis carinii which responded to treatment with cotrimoxazole. follow-up with sequential chest x-rays and computed tomography scans showed a progressive improvement in the lung cysts which had resolved almost completely 11 months later. several theories have been proposed to explain the cavitary lesions in this infection. the course observed in our ... | 1995 | 8552545 |
| paclitaxel and simultaneous radiation in the treatment of stage iii a/b non-small cell lung cancer. | in a clinical phase ii trial, radiotherapy and escalating doses of paclitaxel (taxol; bristol-myers squibb company, princeton, nj) were given concurrently to patients with stage iiia/b non-small cell lung cancer. radiotherapy was given in daily doses of 2 gy, 5 days a week, in weeks 1 to 3 and 6 to 8 for a total dose of 56 gy. paclitaxel was given in 3-hour infusions on day 1, also in weeks 1 to 3 and 6 to 8. the starting dose level was 50 mg/m2; the subsequent dose levels were 60, 72, 86, and 1 ... | 1995 | 8553078 |
| interstitial pneumonitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | a study was performed to identify the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features of interstitial pneumonitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | 1995 | 8553268 |
| aids and the lung: update 1995. 1. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1995 | 8553289 |
| pulmonary complications of hiv disease: 10 year retrospective evaluation of yields from bronchoalveolar lavage, 1983-93. | pulmonary disease is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with hiv infection and aids. the aim of this study was to describe bronchoscopic findings and the spectrum of pulmonary pathogens in hiv seropositive patients undergoing investigation of respiratory disease over a 10 year period in a major uk referral centre. | 1995 | 8553294 |
| [pneumocystis carinii infection in aids patients. current prognosis of the respiratory insufficiency]. | | 1995 | 8555301 |
| comparison of corticosteroid- and l3t4+ antibody-immunosuppressed mouse models of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for evaluation of drugs and leukocytes. | an immunologically immunosuppressed mouse model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia using antibody developed by dialynas et al. (immunol. rev. 74:29-55, 1983) directed to l3t4+ t cells (referred to as l3t4+ antibody) was compared with a corticosteroid-immunosuppressed mouse model. corticosteroid- or l3t4+ antibody-immunosuppressed balb/c mice transtracheally inoculated with p. carinii developed severe infections within 5 weeks after inoculation and responded to treatments with an echinocandin b an ... | 1994 | 8556494 |
| antigenic differences associated with genetically distinct pneumocystis carinii from rats. | pneumocystis carinii is a family of organisms found in a wide variety of mammalian lungs. in immunocompromised hosts, the organisms are able to produce an oftentimes fatal pneumonia. the existence of distinct types of pneumocystis populations is strongly supported by antigenic and genetic evidence. in the present study, we assessed the antigenic profiles of two genetically distinct pneumocystis carinii populations, p. carinii f. sp. carinii and p. carinii f. sp. ratti, as well as two types of p. ... | 1996 | 8557354 |
| predicting in-hospital outcome in hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected patients remains a life-threatening complication in the course of hiv infection. despite effective treatment, mortality may still be as high as 10%. the identification of risk factors associated with a lethal outcome might be helpful as a guide to therapy for patients at risk and in the evaluation of new drugs with anti-pneumocystic activity. in a retrospective study 58 first episodes of hiv-associated pcp without prophylaxis were analyzed. va ... | 1995 | 8557384 |
| a rapid and inexpensive method for processing induced sputum for detection of pneumocystis carinii. | the authors describe a method to process induced sputum specimens for detection of pneumocystis carinii which is simple, rapid and inexpensive. induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) were obtained within a 24-hour period from 41 patients who were hiv-positive and had pulmonary symptoms suspicious for p carinii pneumonia. induced sputum or bal fluid was placed into saccomanno's fixative, blended, and centrifuged. the sediment was stained for p carinii cysts by a modified method with fung ... | 1996 | 8561088 |
| epidemiology of isosporiasis among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in los angeles county. | to determine factors associated with isosporiasis in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in los angeles county, data from the aids surveillance registry were analyzed for the eight-year period 1985-1992. isosporiasis was reported in 127 (1.0%) of 16,351 persons with aids during the study period. prevalence of infection was highest among foreign-born patients (3.2%), especially those from el salvador (7.4%) and mexico (5.4%), and in all persons of hispanic ethnicity (2.9%). per ... | 1995 | 8561272 |
| alcohol ingestion impairs host defenses predisposing otherwise healthy mice to pneumocystis carinii infection. | pulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii, an opportunistic pathogen, is associated with a variety of immunosuppressive states, including human immunodeficiency virus infection. we hypothesized that alcohol ingestion might compromise host defenses against this pathogen and, in an immunocompromised host, increase the severity of infection. this hypothesis was tested in both acute and chronic ethanol-treated normal and cd4+ t-cell-depleted mice challenged with p. carinii organisms. normal and ... | 1995 | 8561294 |
| autopsy-proven causes of death in hiv-infected patients treated for tuberculosis in abidjan, côte d'ivoire. | to determine autopsy-proven causes of death in hiv-infected patients treated for tuberculosis in abidjan, côte d'ivoire. | 1995 | 8561978 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and cytomegalovirus in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with hemophilia by polymerase chain reaction of induced sputum samples. | the purpose of this study was to diagnose the initial stage of acute pulmonary infections due to pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii), mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis), and cytomegalovirus (cmv) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) combined with the induced sputum method in hemophilia patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). induced sputum and pcr were obtained at each outpatient visit or when any respiratory symptoms were present during a one-year period. all patients w ... | 1995 | 8563099 |
| a comparison of problem lists generated by physicians, nurses, and patients: implications for cpr systems. | using a sample of 201 patients hospitalized for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, this study describes problem lists generated by physicians and examines the overlap among problem lists generated by physicians, nurses, and patients. the findings indicate that the majority of patients in this sample had at least one problem that occurred in more than one problem list. problems that most frequently appeared in more than one problem list were those related to the medical diagnosis of pneumocystis car ... | 1995 | 8563307 |
| cloning and characterization of a conserved region of human and rhesus macaque pneumocystis carinii gpa. | although the genes encoding pneumocystis carinii (pc) glycoprotein a (gpa) display a high degree of host species-specific genotypic diversity, the pc gpa derived from different host species share defined regions of significant homology in their primary amino acid (aa) structure. using two degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotide (oligo) primers corresponding to a conserved cys region (cys-primers) of the ferret (f), rat (r) and mouse (m) pcgpa, a 306-bp portion of the human (h) pcgpa was amplified fr ... | 1995 | 8566775 |
| aids in africans living in london. | to investigate the presentation of hiv infection and aids amongst africans diagnosed with aids living in london. | 1995 | 8566973 |
| [therapy and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | | 1995 | 8567220 |
| comparison of six different pcr methods for detection of pneumocystis carinii. | we have recently developed a nested pcr method which amplifies internal transcribed spacers (its) of the ribosomal rna genes of pneumocystis carinii. to determine whether this pcr method can be used to diagnose p. carinii infections, we examined 30 bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens that were shown microscopically to contain p. carinii organisms by the p. carinii its pcr (pc-its-pcr) and five other pcr methods that have been described for detecting p. carinii in clinical specimens. the targe ... | 1995 | 8567928 |
| nitric oxide and host defense against pneumocystis carinii infection in a mouse model. | to investigate whether successful host defense against pneumocystis carinii is dependent on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) in alveolar macrophages, immunocompetent mice, mice depleted of cd4 lymphocytes with anti-cd4 antibody, and mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) were inoculated intratracheally with p. carinii. three weeks later, immunocompetent mice had cleared the organisms completely, while cd4 cell-depleted and scid mice were severely infected (scores, 3 ... | 1996 | 8568306 |
| bacterial pneumonia in adult patients with hiv infection. | patients with hiv infection are at increased risk for community-acquired bacterial pneumonias, due in part to their defects in b-cell function. streptococcus pneumoniae is the commonest cause of community-acquired pneumonia, with the second most common bacterial agent being haemophilus influenzae. these two organisms account for about two-thirds of community-acquired bacterial pneumonias. frequently bacterial pneumonias appear difficult to distinguish from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or other ... | 1995 | 8568541 |
| variable efficiency of three primer pairs for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by the polymerase chain reaction. | the efficiency of three different primer pairs, complementary to different pneumocystis carinii dna regions, was compared in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) on bronchoalveolar fluid (balf) from patients with aids. pcr coupled with dot-blot hybridization (blot) using primers and probe from the mitochondrial 23srdna region showed the highest sensitivity, with a lower detection limit of 0.5-1 organisms microliter-1. when testing 47 balf, ... | 1995 | 8569774 |
| immunoscintigraphy with a 99tcm-labelled anti-granulocyte monoclonal antibody in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and aids. | the value of immunoscintigraphy with technetium-99m (99tcm) labelled anti-granulocyte monoclonal antibody (bw250/183) was studied prospectively in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) antibody-positive patients presenting with fever without localizing symptoms or signs. twenty-three studies were performed in 23 patients and the results of 99tcm-anti-granulocyte imaging were compared with the definitive microbiological or cytological diagnosis. twenty-one patients had an infective cause of pyrexi ... | 1995 | 8570114 |
| hiv-related pneumocystis carinii thyroiditis: a unique case and literature review. | | 1996 | 8570240 |
| [effect of primary prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the inaugural clinical and biological presentation of aids: 624 cases (aquitaine cohort, 1985-1994)]. | in a cohort of hiv-infected patients, this study compares the clinical and immunological features at the time of aids diagnosis of patients who either received primary pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis (p+; n = 335) or who did not (p-; n = 289). frequency of p carinii pneumonia was lower in p+ than in p- patients (14.9% vs 26.0%; p < 0.001). conversely, toxoplasmic encephalitis, esophageal candidiasis, cytomegalovirus disease and m avium complex disease were more frequent in p+ patients. cd4+ cou ... | 1995 | 8570937 |
| clinical characteristics and outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected and otherwise immunosuppressed patients. | the factors contributing to unequal mortality rates following pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in different groups at risk are poorly understood. we therefore compared the first episodes of pcp without prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus infected (hiv) and otherwise immunosuppressed patients in this retrospective study. a total of 58 hiv-infected and 16 otherwise immunosuppressed patients were analysed. the comparison included epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiological and m ... | 1995 | 8575583 |
| cost-analysis of four diagnostic strategies for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected subjects. | the aim of this study was to analyse the cost-effectiveness ratio of four diagnostic strategies for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). two hundred and ten hiv-infected patients with suspected pcp underwent induced-sputum (is) followed, if negative, by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal); 85 of these patients were able to undergo an exercise test (et), prior to induced sputum and bal. the following strategies were analysed: bal strategy (ba ... | 1995 | 8575584 |
| typing of pneumocystis carinii strains with type-specific oligonucleotide probes derived from nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacers of rrna genes. | we have recently developed a method for typing pneumocystis carinii strains that infect humans. the method takes advantage of nucleotide sequence variations in internal transcribed spacers (itss) of the rrna genes of p. carinii. to date, two types of nucleotide sequences (designated types a and b) have been found in the its1 region, and three types of nucleotide sequences (designated types a, b and c) have been found in the its2 region. of the six potential combination types, we have detected fo ... | 1995 | 8576356 |
| comparison of pcr and standard cytological staining for detection of pneumocystis carinii from respiratory specimens from patients with or at high risk for infection by human immunodeficiency virus. | the detection of pneumocystis carinii dna by pcr was compared with routine cytologic staining techniques (cyt). a total of 284 clinical respiratory specimens, including 137 bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), 63 bronchoalveolar washing, 63 sputum, and 21 induced sputum samples, obtained from patients with or at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection were evaluated. eighty specimens were positive by pcr, and 69 were positive by cyt. pcr was able to detect p. carinii in more bronchoalveola ... | 1995 | 8576362 |
| clinical significance of resolution of chest x-ray findings in hiv-infected children with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (lip). | lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (lip) in hiv-infected children is generally associated with better prognosis as compared with children with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). we prospectively studied 12 cases of hiv-infected children with lip over a 4-year period in an effort to document one aspect of the natural history of this clinical entity. severe cd4 lymphocytopenia was associated with complete resolution of the chest x-ray findings in five patients, one of whom died of disseminate ... | 1995 | 8577544 |
| [successful prevention of pneumocystis carinii infection with 1,920 mg of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole daily in patients with malignant hematopoietic diseases]. | during 1991-94 we treated 51 patients with acute myeloid leukaemias and 3 patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome of refractory anaemia with excess of blasts in transformation. the patients received trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (tmp-smx) 1,920 mg daily as a prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii infections and selective decontamination of gastrointestinal tract. the majority of patients received tmp-smx in their first course of chemotherapy with daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside. only one of ... | 1995 | 8578700 |
| pentamidine is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. | pentamidine is a cationic drug that is used for the treatment of african trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. when incubated with pharmacological concentrations of pentamidine, some of the etiologic agents of those diseases reach internal concentrations close to 1.0 mm. in this work pentamidine is shown to exhibit characteristics of a cationic uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in isolated rat liver mitochondria: it released respiratory control, enhanced the la ... | 1996 | 8579363 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in preterm infants: report of two cases successfully diagnosed by non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage. | we present two cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in apparently immunocompetent preterm infants presenting with unexplained respiratory distress associated with a predominantly interstitial process on the chest radiograph. definite diagnosis was promptly established on the detection of cyst forms in the lung fluid obtained by non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage, and a favourable outcome was achieved. | 1995 | 8580633 |
| benefit of oral zinc supplementation as an adjunct to zidovudine (azt) therapy against opportunistic infections in aids. | zinc is perhaps the most important trace element for immune function. congenital or acquired zinc deficiencies are associated with immune abnormalities and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. aids subjects suffer from reduced zinc bioavailability, more severe in stage iv than in stage iii. such zinc deficiency causes, among other effects, a profound reduction in the biological activity of one of the thymic hormones, thymulin (zinc-facteur-timique-serique, znfts). with these premises ... | 1995 | 8582783 |
| characterization of pneumocystis carinii infection in sorex araneus from southern finland. | histologic and quantitative techniques were compared in an evaluation of the intensity of pneumocystis carinii infection in common shrews (sorex araneus) at espoo, southern finland, from september 1992 to may 1993. the histological scores were comparable to the results of the cyst count technique. the number of p. carinii cysts found in common shrews was low compared to those reported by others in clinically ill laboratory rats. the inflammatory changes detected in the lung sections had no signi ... | 1995 | 8583642 |
| [pulmonary involvement in immunoblastic lymphadenopathy: case reports and review of literature published in japan]. | to investigate pulmonary involvement in immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (ibl), we report five cases of ibl and 21 other reports from the literature published in japan. three of the present patients had respiratory symptoms and showed hypoxemia on admission. radiographic findings in the present cases showed bilateral mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy (la: 4/5), pleural effusion (pe: 5/5), interstitial shadow (int s: 1/5), alveolar shadow (a1s: 2/5), and atelectasis (1/5). in the present cases a ... | 1995 | 8583721 |
| disseminated penicillium marneffei infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | disseminated infection with the fungus penicillium marneffei is one of the most common opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease in northern thailand. we report the clinical, laboratory and therapeutic features of 21 human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with disseminated p. marneffei who were prospectively followed. significant clinical and laboratory features included generalized lymphadenopathy (90%), hepatomegaly (90%), body temperature > 38.5 degrees c ... | 1995 | 8584358 |
| comparison of a rapid nonisotopic polymerase chain reaction assay with four commonly used methods for the early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in neonates and children. | to initiate antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, it is important to identify human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1)-infected infants as soon after birth as possible. this study was undertaken to evaluate a novel 5-hour nonisotopic (ni) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay (amplicor pcr; roche molecular systems) and four other commonly used hiv-1 diagnostic tests including culture, oligonucleotide hybridization pcr, p24 antigen and immune complex-dissociated ( ... | 1995 | 8584360 |
| [diagnostic value of protected bronchoalveolar lavage in hiv-associated pneumonia]. | the concept of the protected bronchoalveolar lavage (pbal) is to improve the diagnostic yield in bacterial pneumonia by unifying the high sensitivity of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and specificity of the protected specimen brush (psb). hiv-infected patients have been shown to have a high incidence of bacterial pneumonia as well as bacterial colonisation of the tracheobronchial tree. we therefore studied the value of pbal in this population. | 1995 | 8584525 |
| evaluation of potent inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase in a culture model for growth of pneumocystis carinii. | many antifolates are known to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase from murine pneumocystis carinii, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic50s) ranging from 10(-4) to 10(-11) m. the relationship of the potency against isolated enzyme to the potency against intact murine p. carinii cells was explored with 17 compounds that had proven selectivity for or potency against p. carinii dihydrofolate reductase. pyrimethamine and one analog were inhibitory to p. carinii in culture at concentrations two to seve ... | 1995 | 8585722 |
| pteroylpolyglutamate synthesis by lung- and culture-derived pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii synthesizes folates de novo from exogenous p-aminobenzoic acid (paba). lung-derived organisms take up [3h]paba in vitro except in the presence of sulfamethoxazole. supernatants from spinner-flask cultures take up [3h]paba if they were inoculated with lungs from infected rats, but not if they were inoculated with lungs from uninfected rats. p. carinii folates consist primarily of pteroylpentaglutamates. plasmodium falciparum, in contrast, contains primarily pteroyltetraglutam ... | 1995 | 8586276 |
| sinusitis in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus: clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prophylaxis. national institute of child health and human development intravenous immunoglobulin clinical trial study group. | the clinical presentation, radiological and laboratory evaluation, treatment, and risk factors of sinusitis in a cohort of 376 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children from a placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) as prophylaxis for infections were examined. ninety-five episodes of sinusitis were described in 60 patients; one-third of the patients had two or more episodes. sinusitis episodes were commonly associated with nonspecific, chronic symptoms ( ... | 1995 | 8589139 |
| paracoccidioidomycosis and aids: an overview. | the scarcity of reported cases of paracoccidioidomycosis and aids remains unexplained. we review the details of the 27 cases reported in the medical literature. paracoccidioidomycosis occurs in patients with advanced aids who are not receiving prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which is also effective against paracoccidioides brasiliensis. clinical manifestations include prolonged fever, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepat ... | 1995 | 8589154 |
| case report: fulminating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1995 | 8591644 |
| in-vitro activity of terbinafine, atovaquone and co-trimoxazole against pneumocystis carinii. | | 1995 | 8591953 |
| monitoring of co-trimoxazole concentrations in serum during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the purpose of this prospective randomized open trial was to investigate the impact of monitoring concentrations in serum on the efficacy and side effects of high-dose co-trimoxazole therapy. forty consecutive patients with microscopically confirmed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were enrolled. therapy was started with 5 and 25 mg of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, respectively, per kg of body weight given every 6 h for 2 days and continued every 8 h either with (group a) or without (group b) ... | 1995 | 8592998 |
| the laboratory evaluation of opportunistic pulmonary infections. | the patient population at risk for opportunistic pulmonary infections has increased during the last decade. the spectrum of organisms causing opportunistic infections has also grown. with an ever broader list of potential diagnosis, a specific diagnosis of the cause of pulmonary disease becomes more important. recent microbiologic advances have helped to facilitate the laboratory diagnosis of some of these agents. immunoassays are available for the detection of antigen in nasopharyngeal secretio ... | 1996 | 8597323 |
| infections in children with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an autopsy study of 30 cases in south florida, 1990-1993. | thirty autopsies performed on infants and children with hiv infection and/or aids were reviewed for the presence and type of infection. twenty-six (87%) demonstrated evidence of infection in addition to hiv at the time of postmortem examination. pathogenic bacterial infectious were the most frequently encountered, seen in 15 of the cases. nine of the 15 (60%) were due to gram-negative rods, most commonly pseudomonas aeruginosa. infections with gram-negative organisms often involved multiple orga ... | 1995 | 8597814 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adults with acute leukaemia: is there a need for primary chemoprophylaxis? | | 1996 | 8598243 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with chronic bronchial disease. | | 1996 | 8598795 |
| [care for the hiv-infected person]. | early medical intervention in patients with hiv infection is beneficial even in asymptomatic individuals. medical care in these patients consists of the use of antiretroviral drugs, drugs to prevent opportunistic infections, vaccines and comprehensive psychosocial support. it is important to determine the stage of the natural history of the disease at any given moment. besides clinical data, the determination of cd4+ t-lymphocytes is useful to make decisions related to the institution of antiret ... | 1995 | 8599125 |
| carbon-laden macrophages in pleural fluid of crack smokers. | carbon-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage have been noted to be associated with a history of crack smoking. we report herein the finding of carbon-laden macrophages in four cytological preparations of pleural fluid from two crack smokers. the etiology of the two patients' pleural effusions differed; neither had a bronchopleural fistula. patient 1 had aids, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and kaposi's sarcoma of the right lung with an associated bilateral pleural effusion. patient 2 was ... | 1995 | 8599915 |
| liver transplantation: current status, complications and prevention. | the results of liver transplantation have improved dramatically over the past 15 years and this has produced a marked increase in demand for the procedure. perioperative problems due to haemorrhage have been largely solved by surgical experience, the use of veno-venous bypass and careful control of coagulation parameters. developments in graft preservation with the introduction of university of wisconsin solution led to improved early graft function as well as allowing day-time surgery. the numb ... | 1995 | 8601542 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in africa. | | 1996 | 8602081 |
| hyperkalemia associated with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | when given in standard dosages to treat bacterial respiratory and urinary tract infections, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) is not commonly associated with hyperkalemia. however, the emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has led to increased numbers of patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) who require high-dose tmp-smx therapy. a 25-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus infection developed hyperkalemia while receiving high-dose tmp-smx for pcp. his bas ... | 1995 | 8602391 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in transgenic b cell-deficient mice. | pneumocystis carinii is an important cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. both cellular and humoral immunity seem important in resistance to this pathogen, but the specific role of each component is poorly understood. an outbreak of p. carinii pneumonia in transgenic b cell-deficient mice (mumt) was studied. over 4 months, >50% of 41 mumt/mumt mice maintained in a sterile environment died of pneumonia. some mice had concurrent infection with pasteurella pneumotropica. homozygous mumt/m ... | 1996 | 8603947 |
| search for extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii in an animal model. | pneumocystis carinii-infected immunosuppressed ferrets and rats were searched for p. carinii cysts and trophozoites in extrapulmonary organs, including the heart, liver, stomach, kidney, and spleen. foci of p. carinii were found in the liver or kidney of 4 (10%) of 40 ferrets but in no extrapulmonary sites of 30 rats with p. carinii pneumonitis. attempts to identify p. carinii from immunosuppressed rat or ferret blood or propagate the organism intraorbitally in immunosuppressed rats were unsucce ... | 1996 | 8604119 |