| comparative transcriptional profiling of two wheat genotypes, with contrasting levels of minerals in grains, shows expression differences during grain filling. | wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. to identify the candidate genes for mineral accumulation, it is important to examine differential transcriptome between wheat genotypes, with contrasting levels of minerals in grains. a transcriptional comparison of developing grains was carried out between two wheat genotypes- triticum aestivum cv. wl711 (low grain mineral), and t. aestivum l. iitr26 (high grain mineral), using affymetrix genechip wheat genome array. the study identi ... | 2014 | 25364903 |
| isolation, chemical characterization, and free radical scavenging activity of phenolics from triticum aestivum l. aerial parts. | fourteen phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic acids) were isolated and 19 were identified in the aerial parts of triticum aestivum l. the structures of these compounds were established on the basis of the data obtained by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (esi-ms) and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) techniques. t. aestivum l. was found to be rich in flavones, especially in luteolin derivatives. three of the isolated compounds, including luteolin 6-c-[6glc″-o-e-caffeoyl-β-d-glucop ... | 2014 | 25356666 |
| the phytotoxicity of zno nanoparticles on wheat varies with soil properties. | zn is an essential element for plants yet some soils are zn-deficient and/or have low zn-bioavailability. this paper addresses the feasibility of using zno nanoparticles (nps) as soil amendments to improve zn levels in the plant. the effects of soil properties on phytotoxicity and zn bioavailability from the nps were studied by using an acidic and a calcareous alkaline soil. in the acid soil, the zno nps caused dose-dependent phytotoxicity, observed as inhibition of elongation of roots of wheat, ... | 2015 | 25351960 |
| extensive pericentric rearrangements in the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotype "chinese spring" revealed from chromosome shotgun sequence data. | the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotype "chinese spring" ("cs") is the reference base in wheat genetics and genomics. pericentric rearrangements in this genotype were systematically assessed by analyzing homoeoloci for a set of nonredundant genes from brachypodium distachyon, triticum urartu, and aegilops tauschii in the cs chromosome shotgun sequence obtained from individual chromosome arms flow-sorted from cs aneuploid lines. based on patterns of their homoeologous arm locations, 551 g ... | 2014 | 25349265 |
| flowering time control in european winter wheat. | flowering time is an important trait in wheat breeding as it affects adaptation and yield potential. the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic architecture of flowering time in european winter bread wheat cultivars. to this end a population of 410 winter wheat varieties was evaluated in multi-location field trials and genotyped by a genotyping-by-sequencing approach and candidate gene markers. our analyses revealed that the photoperiod regulator ppd-d1 is the major factor affecting fl ... | 2014 | 25346745 |
| evolutionary history of methyltransferase 1 genes in hexaploid wheat. | plant and animal methyltransferases are key enzymes involved in dna methylation at cytosine residues, required for gene expression control and genome stability. taking advantage of the new sequence surveys of the wheat genome recently released by the international wheat genome sequencing consortium, we identified and characterized met1 genes in the hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum (tamet1). | 2014 | 25342325 |
| the stripe rust resistance gene yr10 encodes an evolutionary-conserved and unique cc-nbs-lrr sequence in wheat. | the first seedling or all-stage resistance (r) r gene against stripe rust isolated from moro wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using a map-based cloning approach was identified as yr10. clone 4b of this gene encodes a highly evolutionary-conserved and unique cc-nbs-lrr sequence. clone 4e, a homolog of yr10, but lacking transcription start site (tss) and putative tata-box and caat-box, is likely a non-expressed pseudogene. clones 4b and 4e are 84% identical and divergent in the intron and the lrr doma ... | 2014 | 25336565 |
| hg-responsive proteins identified in wheat seedlings using itraq analysis and the role of aba in hg stress. | wheat seedlings exposed to 100 μm hgcl2 for 3 days exhibited high-level mercury (hg) accumulation, which led to inhibited growth, increased lipid peroxidation, and disrupted cellular ultrastructures. and root growth and ultrastructural changes of wheat seedlings were inhibited more severely than those of leaves. to identify the wheat protein response to hg stress, the itraq method was used to determine the proteome profiles of the roots and leaves of wheat seedlings exposed to high-hg conditions ... | 2015 | 25330896 |
| multimodel ensembles of wheat growth: many models are better than one. | crop models of crop growth are increasingly used to quantify the impact of global changes due to climate or crop management. therefore, accuracy of simulation results is a major concern. studies with ensembles of crop models can give valuable information about model accuracy and uncertainty, but such studies are difficult to organize and have only recently begun. we report on the largest ensemble study to date, of 27 wheat models tested in four contrasting locations for their accuracy in simulat ... | 2015 | 25330243 |
| specific nongluten proteins of wheat are novel target antigens in celiac disease humoral response. | while the antigenic specificity and pathogenic relevance of immunologic reactivity to gluten in celiac disease have been extensively researched, the immune response to nongluten proteins of wheat has not been characterized. we aimed to investigate the level and molecular specificity of antibody response to wheat nongluten proteins in celiac disease. serum samples from patients and controls were screened for igg and iga antibody reactivity to a nongluten protein extract from the wheat cultivar tr ... | 2015 | 25329597 |
| a genome-wide identification of chromosomal regions determining nitrogen use efficiency components in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | this study identified 333 genomic regions associated to 28 traits related to nitrogen use efficiency in european winter wheat using genome-wide association in a 214-varieties panel experimented in eight environments. improving nitrogen use efficiency is a key factor to sustainably ensure global production increase. however, while high-throughput screening methods remain at a developmental stage, genetic progress may be mainly driven by marker-assisted selection. the objective of this study was t ... | 2014 | 25326179 |
| wheat-specific gene, ribosomal protein l21, used as the endogenous reference gene for qualitative and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection of transgenes. | wheat-specific ribosomal protein l21 (rpl21) is an endogenous reference gene suitable for genetically modified (gm) wheat identification. this taxon-specific rpl21 sequence displayed high homogeneity in different wheat varieties. southern blots revealed 1 or 3 copies, and sequence analyses showed one amplicon in common wheat. combined analyses with sequences from common wheat (aabbdd) and three diploid ancestral species, triticum urartu (aa), aegilops speltoides (bb), and aegilops tauschii (dd), ... | 2014 | 25325387 |
| mapping a region within the 1rs.1bl translocation in common wheat affecting grain yield and canopy water status. | this study identifies a small distal region of the 1rs chromosome from rye that has a positive impact on wheat yield. the translocation of the short arm of rye (secale cereale l.) chromosome one (1rs) onto wheat (triticum aestivum l.) chromosome 1b (1rs.1bl) is used in wheat breeding programs worldwide due to its positive effect on yield, particularly under abiotic stress. unfortunately, this translocation is associated with poor bread-making quality. to mitigate this problem, the 1rs arm was en ... | 2014 | 25322723 |
| nitric oxide alleviates aluminum-induced oxidative damage through regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in roots of wheat. | the possible association with nitric oxide (no) and ascorbate-glutathione (asa-gsh) cycle in regulating aluminum (al) tolerance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated using two genotypes with different al resistance. exposure to al inhibited root elongation, and triggered lipid peroxidation and oxidation of asa to dehydroascorbate and gsh to glutathione disulfide in wheat roots. exogenous no significantly increased endogenous no levels, and subsequently alleviated al-induced inhibition ... | 2015 | 25319364 |
| a haplotype block associated with thousand-kernel weight on chromosome 5ds in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | spike number per unit area, number of grains per spike, and thousand-kernel weight (tkw) are important yield components for wheat (triticum aestivum l.). tkw has the highest heritability among the three components. we validated 27 simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci associated with tkw in an f(2:5) breeding population grown in four environments. a cfd7(8265bp) marker on chromosome 5ds showed the strongest association with tkw and had a significantly positive effect on tkw compared to allele cfd7(8 ... | 2015 | 25318826 |
| new types of wheat chromosomal structural variations in derivatives of wheat-rye hybrids. | chromosomal rearrangements induced by wheat-rye hybridization is a very well investigated research topic. however, the structural alterations of wheat chromosomes in wheat-rye hybrids are seldom reported. | 2014 | 25302962 |
| wheat (triticum aestivum l.) transformation using mature embryos. | in most protocols for the agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat, the preferred target tissues are immature embryos. however, transformation methods relying on immature embryos require the growth of plants under controlled conditions to provide a continuous supply of good-quality target tissue. the use of mature embryos as a target tissue has the advantage of only requiring good-quality seed as the starting material. here we describe a transformation method based on the agrobacterium-med ... | 2015 | 25300842 |
| the role of the f-box gene tafba1 from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in drought tolerance. | drought is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth and development. we identified a gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under drought stress named tafba1. tafba1 encodes a putative 325-amino-acid f-box protein with a conserved n-terminal f-box domain and a c-terminal amn1 domain. real-time rt-pcr analysis revealed that tafba1 transcript accumulation was upregulated by high-salinity, water stress, and abscisic acid (aba) treatment. to evaluate the functions of tafba1 in the regul ... | 2014 | 25299612 |
| molecular mapping of adult plant resistance to parastagonospora nodorum leaf blotch in bread wheat lines 'shanghai-3/catbird' and 'naxos'. | the field resistance to parastagonospora nodorum leaf blotch in sha3/cbrd is based on many genes with minor effects. parastagonospora nodorum leaf blotch is a severe wheat disease in norway and other regions with humid and rainy climate. it causes grain shriveling and reduced yield in years of epidemics. shanghai-3/catbird (sha3/cbrd), a cimmyt breeding line, was observed to be resistant to p. nodorum leaf blotch in the field. the objective of the current study was to map the genetic factors rel ... | 2014 | 25277822 |
| a study of the protective effect of triticum aestivum l. in an experimental animal model of chronic fatigue syndrome. | oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs). keeping in view the proven antioxidant activity of triticum aestivum l., this study has been undertaken to explore the potential therapeutic benefit of this plant in the treatment of cfs. | 2014 | 25276064 |
| molecular cloning, phylogenetic analysis, and expression profiling of endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperone bip genes from bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone binding protein (bip) is an important functional protein, which is involved in protein synthesis, folding assembly, and secretion. in order to study the role of bip in the process of wheat seed development, we cloned three bip homologous cdna sequences in bread wheat (triticum aestivum), completed by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race), and examined the expression of wheat bip in wheat tissues, particularly the relationship between bip expression and the s ... | 2014 | 25273817 |
| fertility of cms wheat is restored by two rf loci located on a recombined acrocentric chromosome. | cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) results from incompatibility between nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes, and is characterized by the inability to produce viable pollen. the restoration of male fertility generally involves the introgression of nuclear genes, termed restorers of fertility (rf). cms has been widely used for hybrid seed production in many crops but not in wheat, partly owing to the complex genetics of fertility restoration. in this study, an acrocentric chromosome that restores pollen ... | 2014 | 25271260 |
| hybrid dwarfness in crosses between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.): a new look at an old phenomenon. | the existence of hybrid dwarfs from intraspecific crosses in wheat (triticum aestivum) was described 100 years ago, and the genetics underlying hybrid dwarfness are well understood. in this study, we report a dwarf phenotype in interspecific hybrids between wheat and rye (secale cereale). we identified two rye lines that produce hybrid dwarfs with wheat and have none of the hitherto known hybrid dwarfing genes. genetic analyses revealed that both rye lines carry a single allelic gene responsible ... | 2015 | 25251214 |
| a wheat 1-feh w3 variant underlies enzyme activity for stem wsc remobilization to grain under drought. | in wheat stems, the levels of fructan-dominated water-soluble carbohydrates (wsc) do not always correlate well with grain yield. field drought experiments were carried out to further explain this lack of correlation. wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties, westonia, kauz and c. 20 genetically diverse double haploid (dh) lines derived from them were investigated. substantial genotypic differences in fructan remobilization were found and the 1-feh w3 gene was shown to be the major contributor in the ... | 2015 | 25250511 |
| validation of a 1dl earliness per se (eps) flowering qtl in bread wheat (triticum aestivum). | vernalization, photoperiod and the relatively poorly defined earliness per se (eps) genes regulate flowering in plants. we report here the validation of a major eps quantitative trait locus (qtl) located on wheat 1dl using near isogenic lines (nils). we used four independent pairs of nils derived from a cross between spark and rialto winter wheat varieties, grown in both the field and controlled environments. nils carrying the spark allele, defined by qtl flanking markers xgdm111 and xbarc62, co ... | 2014 | 25242885 |
| influence of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes at glu-a3 locus on wheat sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume and solvent retention capacity value. | to understand the effect of low-molecular-weight (lmw) glutenin alleles at the glu-a3 locus on sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) sedimentation volume and solvent retention capacity (src) values, 244 accessions of chinese wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mini core collections were investigated. in this study the significant differences in wholemeal flour sds sedimentation volume and src values associated with specific glutenin alleles at the glu-a3 locus were explained. | 2015 | 25242114 |
| chemical constituents of triticum aestivum and their effects on adipogenic differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes. | in this report, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of wheat sprouts and their component compounds. twenty compounds (1-20) were isolated from triticum aestivum. among them, glycolipids 1-5 were determined for the first time from t. aestivum and its sprouts. the hplc analysis demonstrated that compounds 1-3, 5, 8, 12, and 14 were major peak in the hplc chromatogram of the active fraction. the effects of the compounds on lipid accumulation were assessed at concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 1 ... | 2015 | 25241774 |
| transcriptome characterization and differential expression analysis of cold-responsive genes in young spikes of common wheat. | with the frequent occurrence of climatic anomalies, spring frost has become a significant limiting factor on wheat production, especially during the reproductive growth stage. a high-throughput sequencing technology was applied and a total of 54 million clean reads that corresponded to 7.44 gb of total nucleotides were generated. these reads were then de novo assembled into 120,715 unigenes with an average length of 627 bp. functional annotations were then obtained by aligning all unigenes with ... | 2014 | 25240441 |
| an eight-parent multiparent advanced generation inter-cross population for winter-sown wheat: creation, properties, and validation. | magic populations represent one of a new generation of crop genetic mapping resources combining high genetic recombination and diversity. we describe the creation and validation of an eight-parent magic population consisting of 1091 f7 lines of winter-sown wheat (triticum aestivum l.). analyses based on genotypes from a 90,000-single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) array find the population to be well-suited as a platform for fine-mapping quantitative trait loci (qtl) and gene isolation. patterns ... | 2014 | 25237112 |
| characterizing uncertainty in high-density maps from multiparental populations. | multiparental populations are of considerable interest in high-density genetic mapping due to their increased levels of polymorphism and recombination relative to biparental populations. however, errors in map construction can have significant impact on qtl discovery in later stages of analysis, and few methods have been developed to quantify the uncertainty attached to the reported order of markers or intermarker distances. current methods are computationally intensive or limited to assessing u ... | 2014 | 25236453 |
| full-genome identification and characterization of nbs-encoding disease resistance genes in wheat. | host resistance is the most economical, effective and ecologically sustainable method of controlling diseases in crop plants. in bread wheat, despite the high number of resistance loci that have been cataloged to date, only few have been cloned, underlying the need for genomics-guided investigations capable of providing a prompt and acute knowledge on the identity of effective resistance genes that can be used in breeding programs. proteins with a nucleotide-binding site (nbs) encoded by the maj ... | 2015 | 25231182 |
| a multi-step phosphorelay two-component system impacts on tolerance against dehydration stress in common wheat. | wheat is an important staple crop, and its productivity is severely constrained by drought stress (ds). an understanding of the molecular basis of drought tolerance is necessary for genetic improvement of wheat for tolerance to ds. the two-component system (tcs) serves as a common sensor-regulator coupling mechanism implicated in the regulation of diverse biological processes (including response to ds) not only in prokaryotes, but also in higher plants. in the latter, tcs generally consists of t ... | 2014 | 25228409 |
| the cuticular wax inhibitor locus iw2 in wild diploid wheat aegilops tauschii: phenotypic survey, genetic analysis, and implications for the evolution of common wheat. | cuticular wax production on plant surfaces confers a glaucous appearance and plays important roles in plant stress tolerance. most common wheat cultivars, which are hexaploid, and most tetraploid wheat cultivars are glaucous; in contrast, a wild wheat progenitor, aegilops tauschii, can be glaucous or non-glaucous. a dominant non-glaucous allele, iw2, resides on the short arm of chromosome 2d, which was inherited from ae. tauschii through polyploidization. iw2 is one of the major causal genes rel ... | 2014 | 25224598 |
| effects of molybdenum on water utilization, antioxidative defense system and osmotic-adjustment ability in winter wheat (triticum aestivum) under drought stress. | molybdenum (mo), as an essential trace element in plants, plays an essential role in abiotic stress tolerance of plants. to obtain a better understanding of drought tolerance enhanced by mo, a hydroponic trial was conducted to investigate the effects of mo on water utilization, antioxidant enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and osmotic-adjustment products in the mo-efficient '97003' and mo-inefficient '97014' under peg simulated drought stress. our results indicate that mo application signific ... | 2014 | 25221925 |
| an exogenous source of nitric oxide modulates zinc nutritional status in wheat plants. | the effect of addition of the nitric oxide donor s-nitrosoglutathione (gsno) on the zn nutritional status was evaluated in hydroponically-cultured wheat plants (triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring). addition of gsno in zn-deprived plants did not modify biomass accumulation but accelerated leaf senescence in a mode concomitant with accelerated decrease of zn allocation to shoots. in well-supplied plants, zn concentration in both roots and shoots declined due to long term exposure to gsno. a furt ... | 2014 | 25221922 |
| cerium oxide nanoparticles impact yield and modify nutritional parameters in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the implications of engineered nanomaterials on crop productivity and food quality are not yet well understood. the impact of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nceo2) on growth and yield attributes and nutritional composition in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was examined. wheat was cultivated to grain production in soil amended with 0, 125, 250, and 500 mg of nceo2/kg (control, nceo2-l, nceo2-m, and nceo2-h, respectively). at harvest, grains and tissues were analyzed for mineral, fatty acid, and amino ... | 2014 | 25220448 |
| phenolic compounds and antioxidant ability responses to experimental free-air ozone exposure in two wheat cultivars. | effects of elevated ozone concentrations [o3] on two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars [yangmai16 (y16) and yannong19 (y19)] were investigated to determine the different metabolic mechanisms of phenolic compounds under o3-face (free-air controlled enrichment) condition. this study specifically investigated changes of phenolic compounds content, secondary metabolism related enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation extent and reactive oxygen species (ros) content in the leaves of two wheat cult ... | 2014 | 25212458 |
| seed maturation regulators are related to the control of seed dormancy in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | in arabidopsis, the regulation network of the seed maturation program controls the induction of seed dormancy. wheat est sequences showing homology with the master regulators of seed maturation, leafy cotyledon1 (lec1), lec2 and fusca3 (fus3), were searched from databases and designated respectively as tal1l (lec1-like), tal2l (lec2-like), and tafus3. tal1la, tal2la and tafus3 mainly expressed in seeds or embryos, with the expression limited to the early stages of seed development. results show ... | 2014 | 25211528 |
| introgression of leaf rust and stripe rust resistance from sharon goatgrass (aegilops sharonensis eig) into bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | leaf rust and stripe rust are devastating wheat diseases, causing significant yield losses in many regions of the world. the use of resistant varieties is the most efficient way to protect wheat crops from these diseases. sharon goatgrass (aegilops sharonensis or aes), which is a diploid wild relative of wheat, exhibits a high frequency of leaf and stripe rust resistance. we used the resistant aes accession th548 and induced homoeologous recombination by the ph1b allele to obtain resistant wheat ... | 2014 | 25209724 |
| mapping qtls of yield-related traits using ril population derived from common wheat and tibetan semi-wild wheat. | qtls controlling yield-related traits were mapped using a population derived from common wheat and tibetan semi-wild wheat and they provided valuable information for using tibetan semi-wild wheat in future wheat molecular breeding. tibetan semi-wild wheat (triticum aestivum ssp tibetanum shao) is a kind of primitive hexaploid wheat and harbors several beneficial traits, such as tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. and as a wild relative of common wheat, heterosis of yield of the progeny bet ... | 2014 | 25208643 |
| dual effects of different selenium species on wheat. | wheat (triticum aestivum) and its derivative products account for a major source of dietary intake of selenium (se) in humans and animals, because of its essentiality due to its presence in vital enzymes. se antioxidant role has resulted in the popularity of agronomic biofortification practises in se deficient areas. controlling se uptake, metabolism, translocation and accumulation in plants will be important to decrease healthy risk of toxicity and deficiency and to help selecting adequate meth ... | 2014 | 25208508 |
| using genic sequence capture in combination with a syntenic pseudo genome to map a deletion mutant in a wheat species. | mapping-by-sequencing analyses have largely required a complete reference sequence and employed whole genome re-sequencing. in species such as wheat, no finished genome reference sequence is available. additionally, because of its large genome size (17 gb), re-sequencing at sufficient depth of coverage is not practical. here, we extend the utility of mapping by sequencing, developing a bespoke pipeline and algorithm to map an early-flowering locus in einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum l.) that i ... | 2014 | 25205592 |
| improved tolerance to drought stress after anthesis due to priming before anthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) var. vinjett. | drought stress occurring during the reproductive growth stage leads to considerable reductions in crop production and has become an important limiting factor for food security globally. in order to explore the possible role of drought priming (pre-exposure of the plants to mild drought stress) on the alleviation of a severe drought stress event later in development, wheat plants were subjected to single or double mild drought episodes (soil relative water content around 35-40%) before anthesis a ... | 2014 | 25205581 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of erf1, an ethylene response factor gene from durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum), potentially involved in salt-stress responses. | as food crop, wheat is of prime importance for human society. nevertheless, our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling wheat productivity conditions has been, so far, hampered by the lack of sufficient genomic resources. the present work describes the isolation and characterization of tderf1, an erf gene from durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum). the structural features of tderf1 supported the hypothesis that it is a novel member of the erf family in durum w ... | 2014 | 25205575 |
| spatial distribution of stink bugs (hemiptera: pentatomidae) in wheat. | a two-year study was conducted in south carolina wheat (triticum aestivum l. (poales: poaceae)) fields to describe spatial and temporal dynamics of stink bugs (hemiptera: pentatomidae), which were sampled weekly with sweep nets. in 2010, the main phytophagous stink bugs caught in a grid sampling plan across two fields were the brown stink bug, euschistus servus (say), the rice stink bug, oebalus pugnax (f.), the southern green stink bug, nezara viridula (l.), and the red shouldered stink bug, th ... | 2014 | 25205358 |
| genetic analysis of amino acid content in wheat grain. | complete diallel crosses with five parents of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were conducted to analyse inheritance of 17 amino acid contents by using the genetic model including seed, cytoplasmic, maternal and environment interaction effects on quantitative traits of seeds in cereal crops. the results showed that inheritance of 17 amino acid contents, except tyrosine, was controlled by several genetic systems including seed, cytoplasmic, and maternal effects, and by significant gene x envir ... | 2014 | 25189240 |
| [mapping a new secalin locus on the rye irs arm]. | a gene designated sec-n encoding secalin was mapped in the introgressive winter common wheat line hostianum 273/97 (h273) with the wheat-rye substitution (1b)1r from the octoploid triticale ad825. f2 seeds from crossing the line h273 with the line hostianum 242/97-2 carrying the wheat-rye 1bl/1rs translocation were analysed. the studied component on the sds-electrophoregram of total proteins was revealed to be a monomeric secalin which is encoded by the gene at the new locus sec-n located distal ... | 2015 | 25184199 |
| ozone pollution effects on gas exchange, growth and biomass yield of salinity-treated winter wheat cultivars. | a sand-culture experiment was conducted in four open-top-chambers to assess the effects of o3 on salinity-treated winter wheat. two winter wheat cultivars, salt-tolerant dekang961 and salt-sensitive lumai15, were grown under saline (100 mm nacl) and/or o3 (80±5 nmol mol(-1)) conditions for 35 days. significant (p<0.05) o3-induced decreases were noted for both cultivars in terms of gas exchange, relative water content, growth and biomass yield in the no-salinity treatment. significant (p<0.01) co ... | 2014 | 25173858 |
| fluoranthene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, inhibits light as well as dark reactions of photosynthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum). | the toxic effect of fluoranthene (flt) on seed germination, growth of seedling and photosynthesis processes of wheat (triticum aestivum) was investigated. wheat seeds were exposed to 5 µm and 25 µm flt concentrations for 25 days and it was observed that flt had inhibiting effect on rate of seed germination. the germination rate of wheat seeds decreased by 11% at 25 µm flt concentration. root/shoot growth and biomass production declined significantly even at low concentrations of flt. chlorophyll ... | 2014 | 25173746 |
| a new phenolic component from triticum aestivum sprouts and its effects on lps-stimulated production of nitric oxide and tnf-α in raw 264.7 cells. | an unusual new phenolic component, triticumoside (1), and eight known compounds, isoorientin (2), isoscoparin (3), (2r)-2-o-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4,7-dimethoxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (4), adenosine (5), β-sitosterol (6), daucosterol (7), 6′-o-linolenoyl daucosterol (8), α-tocopherol (9), were isolated fromtriticum aestivum sprouts. the hybrid structure of 1, which is a hybrid between a flavone and a polyoxygenated benzene, is rarely found in natural sources. in addition, the effects of thes ... | 2014 | 25165783 |
| new wheat-rye 5ds-4rs·4rl and 4rs-5ds·5dl translocation lines with powdery mildew resistance. | powdery mildew is one of the serious diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2 n = 6 × = 42, genomes aabbdd). rye (secale cereale l., 2 n = 2 × = 14, genome rr) offers a rich reservoir of powdery mildew resistant genes for wheat breeding program. however, extensive use of these resistant genes may render them susceptible to new pathogen races because of co-evolution of host and pathogen. therefore, the continuous exploration of new powdery mildew resistant genes is important to wheat breeding p ... | 2014 | 25163586 |
| development of t. aestivum l.-h. californicum alien chromosome lines and assignment of homoeologous groups of hordeum californicum chromosomes. | hordeum californicum (2n = 2x = 14, hh) is resistant to several wheat diseases and tolerant to lower nitrogen. in this study, a molecular karyotype of h. californicum chromosomes in the triticum aestivum l. cv. chinese spring (cs)-h. californicum amphidiploid (2n = 6x = 56, aabbddhh) was established. by genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) using repetitive dna clones (pta71, pta794 and psc119.2) as probes, the h. californicum chromosomes co ... | 2014 | 25160976 |
| comparative proteome analysis of a- and b-type starch granule-associated proteins in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and aegilops crassa. | starch is the main component in the wheat endosperm and exists in two forms including a- and b-type granules. a bread wheat line cb037a and an aegilops line aegilops crassa were studied for the underlying starch biosynthesis mechanism in relation to granule types. the wheat line contains both types of starch granules while the aegilops line only has the a-type. differential starch granule development patterns of these two species were observed at the morphological level. a total of 190 different ... | 2015 | 25154053 |
| predictions of heading date in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using qtl-based parameters of an ecophysiological model. | prediction of wheat phenology facilitates the selection of cultivars with specific adaptations to a particular environment. however, while qtl analysis for heading date can identify major genes controlling phenology, the results are limited to the environments and genotypes tested. moreover, while ecophysiological models allow accurate predictions in new environments, they may require substantial phenotypic data to parameterize each genotype. also, the model parameters are rarely related to all ... | 2014 | 25148833 |
| identification and characterization of more than 4 million intervarietal snps across the group 7 chromosomes of bread wheat. | despite being a major international crop, our understanding of the wheat genome is relatively poor due to its large size and complexity. to gain a greater understanding of wheat genome diversity, we have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms between 16 australian bread wheat varieties. whole-genome shotgun illumina paired read sequence data were mapped to the draft assemblies of chromosomes 7a, 7b and 7d to identify more than 4 million intervarietal snps. snp density varied between the thre ... | 2015 | 25147022 |
| metabolite profiling of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) phloem exudate. | biofortification of staple crops with essential micronutrients relies on the efficient, long distance transport of nutrients to the developing seed. the main route of this transport in common wheat (triticum aestivum) is via the phloem, but due to the reactive nature of some essential micronutrients (specifically fe and zn), they need to form ligands with metabolites for transport within the phloem. current methods available in collecting phloem exudate allows for small volumes (μl or nl) to be ... | 2014 | 25143779 |
| utilization of deletion bins to anchor and order sequences along the wheat 7b chromosome. | a total of 3,671 sequence contigs and scaffolds were mapped to deletion bins on wheat chromosome 7b providing a foundation for developing high-resolution integrated physical map for this chromosome. bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has a large, complex and highly repetitive genome which is challenging to assemble into high quality pseudo-chromosomes. as part of the international effort to sequence the hexaploid bread wheat genome by the international wheat genome sequencing consortium (iwgsc) ... | 2014 | 25134516 |
| phylogeny in defining model plants for lignocellulosic ethanol production: a comparative study of brachypodium distachyon, wheat, maize, and miscanthus x giganteus leaf and stem biomass. | the production of ethanol from pretreated plant biomass during fermentation is a strategy to mitigate climate change by substituting fossil fuels. however, biomass conversion is mainly limited by the recalcitrant nature of the plant cell wall. to overcome recalcitrance, the optimization of the plant cell wall for subsequent processing is a promising approach. based on their phylogenetic proximity to existing and emerging energy crops, model plants have been proposed to study bioenergy-related ce ... | 2014 | 25133818 |
| diverse expression pattern of wheat transcription factors against abiotic stresses in wheat species. | abiotic stress including drought and salinity affects quality and yield of wheat varieties used for the production of both bread and pasta flour. bzip, mbf1, wrky, myb and nac transcription factor (tf) genes are the largest transcriptional regulators which are involved in growth, development, physiological processes, and biotic/abiotic stress responses in plants. identification of expression profiling of these tfs plays a crucial role to understand the response of different wheat species against ... | 2014 | 25130909 |
| genetic variability in anthocyanin composition and nutritional properties of blue, purple, and red bread (triticum aestivum l.) and durum (triticum turgidum l. ssp. turgidum convar. durum) wheats. | renewed interest in breeding for high anthocyanins in wheat (triticum ssp.) is due to their antioxidant potential. a collection of different pigmented wheats was used to investigate the stability of anthocyanins over three crop years. the data show higher anthocyanins in blue-aleurone bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), followed by purple- and red-pericarp durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. ssp. turgidum convar. durum), using cyanidin 3-o-glucoside as standard. hplc of the anthocyanin components ... | 2014 | 25130676 |
| assessment of candidate reference genes for the expression studies with brassinosteroids in lolium perenne and triticum aestivum. | quantitative pcr studies need proper reference genes with expression stability exclusively validated under certain experimental conditions. the expression stability of several genes commonly used as references was tested under 24-epibrassinolide (ebr) and temperature treatment. different statistical approaches (qbase(plus), bestkeeper, normfinder) were used to prepare rankings of expression stability in two species of an economic importance: common wheat (triticum aestivum) and perennial ryegras ... | 2014 | 25128786 |
| qtug.sau-3b is a major quantitative trait locus for wheat hexaploidization. | meiotic nonreduction resulting in unreduced gametes is thought to be the predominant mechanism underlying allopolyploid formation in plants. until now, however, its genetic base was largely unknown. the allohexaploid crop common wheat (triticum aestivum l.), which originated from hybrids of t. turgidum l. with aegilops tauschii cosson, provides a model to address this issue. our observations of meiosis in pollen mother cells from t. turgidum×ae. tauschii hybrids indicated that first division res ... | 2014 | 25128436 |
| charge-based characterisation of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits from common wheat by capillary isoelectric focusing. | in this study, the capillary isoelectric focusing (cief) method for the separation and charge characterisation of the heterogeneity of high molecular-weight-glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using linear polyacrylamide (lpa) and polyvinyl alcohol (pva) coated capillaries was developed. particularly good repeatability and well-resolved charge isoform profiles were obtained by introducing a mixture of carrier ampholytes (ph 3-10 and ph 5-8), a high concentration of ... | 2014 | 25127558 |
| ecohydrology of agroecosystems: quantitative approaches towards sustainable irrigation. | irrigation represents one of the main strategies to enhance and stabilize agricultural productivity, by mitigating the effects of rainfall vagaries. in the face of the projected growth in population and in biofuel demands, as well as shifts in climate and dietary habits, a more sustainable management of water resources in agroecosystems is needed. the field of ecohydrology, traditionally focusing on natural ecosystems, has the potential to offer the necessary quantitative tools to assess and com ... | 2015 | 25124766 |
| expression analysis of a stress-related phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase c gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | plant phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases c (pi-plcs) function in several essential plant processes associated with either development or environmental stress. in this report, we examined the expression patterns of taplc1 under drought and high salinity stress at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. taplc1 mrna was expressed in all wheat organs examined. u73122 and edelfosine, the plc inhibitor, impaired seedling growth and enhanced seedling sensitivity to drought and high s ... | 2014 | 25121594 |
| hypoglycaemic role of wheatgrass and its effect on carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in type ii diabetic rats. | diabetes mellitus (dm) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. insulin resistance and insulin insufficiency is the major factor for the prognosis of type ii diabetes. consistent high glucose level leads to multiple secondary complications in diabetic patients. hence, hypoglycaemic drugs are of significance for reducing the risk of secondary complications in type ii diabetes. various hypoglycaemic drugs are already available in the market, but they are associated with several ... | 2016 | 25116122 |
| mapping resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphid and the greenbug in wheat using sequence-based genotyping. | identification of novel resistance qtl against wheat aphids. first qtl-resistance report for r. padi in wheat and chromosome 2dl for s. graminum . these sources have potential use in wheat breeding. the aphids rhopalosiphum padi and schizaphis graminum are important pests of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). characterization of the genetic bases of resistance sources is crucial to facilitate the development of resistant wheat cultivars to these insects. we examined 140 recombinant inbred line ... | 2014 | 25112202 |
| arsenic contamination of the soil-wheat system irrigated with high arsenic groundwater in the hetao basin, inner mongolia, china. | as one of the most important crop in the world, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was irrigated with low as water and high as water. however, little is known about as cycling in the soil-wheat-water system. two wheat fields (site g and site y), irrigated with high dissolved as (178 μg l(-1)) groundwater and low dissolved as (8.2 μg l(-1)) surface water, respectively, were systematically sampled in the hetao basin, including irrigation water, soils and plants. the annual as (including dissolved as and ... | 2014 | 25108250 |
| durum and bread wheat differ in their ability to retain potassium in leaf mesophyll: implications for salinity stress tolerance. | understanding the intrinsic mechanisms involved in the differential salinity tolerance between bread wheat and durum wheat is essential for breeding salt-tolerant varieties to cope with the global salinity issue threatening future food supply. in the past, higher salinity tolerance in bread wheat compared with durum wheat has been attributed to its better ability to exclude na(+) from uptake. here we show that another mechanism, namely more superior k(+) retention ability in the leaf mesophyll, ... | 2014 | 25104542 |
| mitochondrial energy-dissipating systems (alternative oxidase, uncoupling proteins, and external nadh dehydrogenase) are involved in development of frost-resistance of winter wheat seedlings. | gene expression, protein synthesis, and activities of alternative oxidase (aox), uncoupling proteins (ucp), adenine nucleotide translocator (ant), and non-coupled nad(p)h dehydrogenases (ndex, ndpex, and ndin) were studied in shoots of etiolated winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings after exposure to hardening low positive (2°c for 7 days) and freezing (-2°c for 2 days) temperatures. the cold hardening efficiently increased frost-resistance of the seedlings and decreased the generation o ... | 2014 | 25100008 |
| characterization of ferredoxin-dependent glutamine-oxoglutarate amidotransferase (fd-gogat) genes and their relationship with grain protein content qtl in wheat. | in higher plants, inorganic nitrogen is assimilated via the glutamate synthase cycle or gs-gogat pathway. gogat enzyme occurs in two distinct forms that use nadh (nadh-gogat) or fd (fd-gogat) as electron carriers. the goal of the present study was to characterize wheat fd-gogat genes and to assess the linkage with grain protein content (gpc), an important quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. | 2014 | 25099972 |
| dynamic development of starch granules and the regulation of starch biosynthesis in brachypodium distachyon: comparison with common wheat and aegilops peregrina. | thorough understanding of seed starch biosynthesis and accumulation mechanisms is of great importance for agriculture and crop improvement strategies. we conducted the first comprehensive study of the dynamic development of starch granules and the regulation of starch biosynthesis in brachypodium distachyon and compared the findings with those reported for common wheat (chinese spring, cs) and aegilops peregrina. | 2014 | 25095703 |
| phosphate depletion modulates auxin transport in triticum aestivum leading to altered root branching. | understanding the mechanisms by which nutritional signals impact upon root system architecture is a key facet in the drive for greater nutrient application efficiency in agricultural systems. cereal plants reduce their rate of lateral root emergence under inorganic phosphate (pi) shortage; this study uses molecular and pharmacological techniques to dissect this pi response in triticum aestivum. plants were grown in coarse sand washed in high- or low-pi nutrient solution before being assessed for ... | 2014 | 25086590 |
| dna methylation pattern of photoperiod-b1 is associated with photoperiod insensitivity in wheat (triticum aestivum). | as one of the three key components of the 'green revolution', photoperiod insensitivity is vital for improved adaptation of wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars to a wider geographical range. photoperiod-b1a (ppd-b1a) is one of the major genes that confers photoperiod insensitivity in 'green revolution' varieties, and has made a significant contribution to wheat yield improvement. in this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the photoperiod insensitivity of ppd-b1a alleles from an epi ... | 2014 | 25078249 |
| aluminium in coal fly ash (fa), in plants grown on fa, and in the leachates from fa. | two coal fly ashes (fa), one from montana semi-bituminous coal and another from north dakota lignite alone or in combination with bottom ash (ba) from montana semi-bituminous coal were tested as plant growth media for the following plant species: barley (hordeum vulgare), oats (avena sativa), rye (secale cereale), wheat (triticum aestivum), regreen; a hybrid between wheatgrass (agropyron cristatum) and winter wheat (triticum aestivum), and triticale; a hybrid between wheat (triticum aestivum) an ... | 2014 | 28890900 |
| evolution of physiological responses to salt stress in hexaploid wheat. | hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l., genome bbaadd) is generally more salt tolerant than its tetraploid wheat progenitor (triticum turgidum l.). however, little is known about the physiological basis of this trait or about the relative contributions of allohexaploidization and subsequent evolutionary genetic changes on the trait development. here, we compared the salt tolerance of a synthetic allohexaploid wheat (neo-6x) with its tetraploid (t. turgidum; bbaa) and diploid (aegilops tausc ... | 2014 | 25074914 |
| a modelling approach to evaluate the long-term effect of soil texture on spring wheat productivity under a rain-fed condition. | soil surface texture is an important environmental factor that influences crop productivity because of its direct effect on soil water and complex interactions with other environmental factors. using 30-year data, an agricultural system model (dssat-ceres-wheat) was calibrated and validated. after validation, the modelled yield and water use (wu) of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) from two soil textures (silt loam and clay) under rain-fed condition were analyzed. regression analysis showed t ... | 2014 | 25074796 |
| association analysis of stem rust resistance in u.s. winter wheat. | stem rust has become a renewed threat to global wheat production after the emergence and spread of race ttksk (also known as ug99) and related races from africa. to elucidate u.s. winter wheat resistance genes to stem rust, association mapping was conducted using a panel of 137 lines from cooperative u.s. winter wheat nurseries from 2008 and simple sequence repeat (ssr) and sequence tagged site (sts) markers across the wheat genome. seedling infection types were evaluated in a greenhouse experim ... | 2014 | 25072699 |
| wheat and barley dehydrins under cold, drought, and salinity - what can lea-ii proteins tell us about plant stress response? | dehydrins as a group of late embryogenesis abundant ii proteins represent important dehydration-inducible proteins whose accumulation is induced by developmental processes (embryo maturation) as well as by several abiotic stress factors (low temperatures, drought, salinity). in the review, an overview of studies aimed at investigation of dehydrin accumulation patterns at transcript and protein levels as well as their possible functions in common wheat (triticum aestivum), durum wheat (t. durum), ... | 2014 | 25071816 |
| investigation of diversity in aegilops biuncialis and aegilops umbellulata by a-page. | aegilops species, wild relatives of wheat, are one of the important genetic resources in wheat breeding. in this study 13 populations of aegilops biuncialis along with 2 populations of progenitor species aegilops umbellulata were analysed in six replications using of acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the results showed that tn-01-293 population had a high gluten and grind quality because of high percentage of γ-45.31 and γ-43.5 (high gluten quality index) in the observed band. also, ahar ... | 2014 | 25066882 |
| phosphoproteome analysis reveals new drought response and defense mechanisms of seedling leaves in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | drought is a major form of abiotic stress that significantly affects plant growth and development. in this study, we performed the first phosphoproteome analysis of seedling leaves from two bread wheat cultivars (hanxuan 10 and ningchun 47) subjected to drought stress. as a result, a total of 191 and 251 unique phosphopeptides, representing 173 and 227 phosphoproteins in two cultivars, respectively, were identified as being significant changes in phosphorylation level (scpl) under drought stress ... | 2014 | 25065648 |
| unconditional and conditional qtl analysis of kernel weight related traits in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in multiple genetic backgrounds. | wheat thousand kernel weight (tkw) is a complex trait, and is largely controlled by several kernel traits, including kernel length (kl) and kernel width (kw). in order to reveal the genetic relationship between tkw and these kernel traits (kw and kl) as accurate as possible, we applied both unconditional and conditional mapping analyses to three distinct genetic populations, one dh population and two ril populations. this report describes the identifications of 36 unconditional and conditional a ... | 2014 | 25060952 |
| assessment of the zn-co mixtures rhizotoxicity under ca deficiency: using two conventional mixture models based on the cell membrane surface potential. | toxicity assessment of zn-co mixtures involves multiple ions interactions. the negative potential (ψ0) at the cell membrane surface (cms) concentrated cationic toxicants (denoted {m(2+)}0) and influenced the rhizotoxicity of co(2+) or zn(2+). the single and joint rhizotoxicity of co(2+) and zn(2+) to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were examined, coupled with different ca(2+) levels. joint effects of zn(2+), co(2+) and ca(2+) were estimated by the linearly extended concentration addition (ca) and r ... | 2014 | 25048911 |
| gluten quality of bread wheat is associated with activity of rabd gtpases. | in the developing endosperm of bread wheat (triticum aestivum), seed storage proteins are produced on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (er) and transported to protein bodies, specialized vacuoles for the storage of protein. the functionally important gluten proteins of wheat are transported by two distinct routes to the protein bodies where they are stored: vesicles that bud directly off the er and transport through the golgi. however, little is known about the processing of glutenin and gliadin ... | 2015 | 25047236 |
| simultaneous editing of three homoeoalleles in hexaploid bread wheat confers heritable resistance to powdery mildew. | sequence-specific nucleases have been applied to engineer targeted modifications in polyploid genomes, but simultaneous modification of multiple homoeoalleles has not been reported. here we use transcription activator-like effector nuclease (talen) and clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (crispr)-cas9 (refs. 4,5) technologies in hexaploid bread wheat to introduce targeted mutations in the three homoeoalleles that encode mildew-resistance locus (mlo) proteins. genetic redu ... | 2014 | 25038773 |
| development of gluten-free bread using tartary buckwheat and chia flour rich in flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids as ingredients. | in this study, chia seed flour, which is rich in omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid, and common and tartary buckwheat flour, which has a high antioxidant activity, were integrated into different types of bread with the aim of improving their nutritional value and healthy features. our results indicate that bread made with chia and tartary buckwheat flour was more acceptable in many nutritional aspects compared to the control (common wheat bread); it contained a higher amount of protein (20%), insolubl ... | 2014 | 25038671 |
| biolistic transformation of wheat using the hmw-gs 1dx5 gene without selectable markers. | genetic manipulation using linear dna was applied to the common wheat variety xindong no. 26 via particle bombardment with the aim to improve bread-making quality of flour. initially, 2 biolistic parameters, helium pressure and target distance, were optimized using plasmid pahc25. we transformed wheat immature embryo scutella with the linear 1dx5 gene without selectable markers. the highest transient β-glucuronidase expression was obtained when scuttles were bombarded at 1100 psi with a 9-cm tar ... | 2014 | 25036180 |
| a chromosome-based draft sequence of the hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) genome. | an ordered draft sequence of the 17-gigabase hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) genome has been produced by sequencing isolated chromosome arms. we have annotated 124,201 gene loci distributed nearly evenly across the homeologous chromosomes and subgenomes. comparative gene analysis of wheat subgenomes and extant diploid and tetraploid wheat relatives showed that high sequence similarity and structural conservation are retained, with limited gene loss, after polyploidization. however, acr ... | 2014 | 25035500 |
| ancient hybridizations among the ancestral genomes of bread wheat. | the allohexaploid bread wheat genome consists of three closely related subgenomes (a, b, and d), but a clear understanding of their phylogenetic history has been lacking. we used genome assemblies of bread wheat and five diploid relatives to analyze genome-wide samples of gene trees, as well as to estimate evolutionary relatedness and divergence times. we show that the a and b genomes diverged from a common ancestor ~7 million years ago and that these genomes gave rise to the d genome through ho ... | 2014 | 25035499 |
| genome interplay in the grain transcriptome of hexaploid bread wheat. | allohexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) provides approximately 20% of calories consumed by humans. lack of genome sequence for the three homeologous and highly similar bread wheat genomes (a, b, and d) has impeded expression analysis of the grain transcriptome. we used previously unknown genome information to analyze the cell type-specific expression of homeologous genes in the developing wheat grain and identified distinct co-expression clusters reflecting the spatiotemporal progressio ... | 2014 | 25035498 |
| structural and functional partitioning of bread wheat chromosome 3b. | we produced a reference sequence of the 1-gigabase chromosome 3b of hexaploid bread wheat. by sequencing 8452 bacterial artificial chromosomes in pools, we assembled a sequence of 774 megabases carrying 5326 protein-coding genes, 1938 pseudogenes, and 85% of transposable elements. the distribution of structural and functional features along the chromosome revealed partitioning correlated with meiotic recombination. comparative analyses indicated high wheat-specific inter- and intrachromosomal ge ... | 2014 | 25035497 |
| identification and independent validation of a stable yield and thousand grain weight qtl on chromosome 6a of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | grain yield in wheat is a polygenic trait that is influenced by environmental and genetic interactions at all stages of the plant's growth. yield is usually broken down into three components; number of spikes per area, grain number per spike, and grain weight (tgw). in polyploid wheat, studies have identified quantitative trait loci (qtl) which affect tgw, yet few have been validated and fine-mapped using independent germplasm, thereby having limited impact in breeding. | 2014 | 25034643 |
| constructing an alternative wheat karyotype using barley genomic dna. | the established karyotype was generated by genomic in situ hybridization (gish) using total barley genomic dna as labelled probe on mitotic metaphase bread wheat chromosomes. gish produced specific banding signals on 16 of the 21 chromosome pairs. the following chromosomes showed distinctive banding patterns: 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 1d, 2d, 7d and all of the b chromosomes. the remaining chromosomes showed either faint bands or no hybridization signals at all. the in situ hybridization patterns c ... | 2015 | 25027628 |
| screening of bangladeshi winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars for sensitivity to ozone. | the sensitivity to ozone of ten bangladeshi wheat cultivars was tested by exposing plants to eight ozone exposure regimes (50, 60, 80, 100, 120, 135, 150, and 200 ppb for 14, 11, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, and 1 days, respectively, for 8 h/day) in controlled environment chambers. visible leaf injury, dry weight, chlorophyll, carotenoid content, leaf greenness (spad value), quantum yield of photosynthesis, and stomatal resistance were measured to evaluate response. shoot biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf gree ... | 2014 | 25023654 |
| isolation, promoter analysis and expression profile of dreb2 in response to drought stress in wheat ancestors. | drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses, constraining crop production seriously. the dehydration responsive element binding proteins (drebs) are important plant-specific transcription factors that respond to various abiotic stresses and consequently induce abiotic stress-related genes that impart stress endurance in plants. wild species are naturally exposed to various abiotic stresses and potentially harbor suitable alleles through natural selection. in this study we isolated and ... | 2014 | 25017054 |
| a morpho-physiological approach differentiates bread wheat cultivars of contrasting tolerance under cyclic water stress. | leaf micromorphological traits and some physiological parameters with potential relevance to drought tolerance mechanisms were investigated in four selected winter wheat varieties. plants were subjected to two cycles of drought treatment at anthesis. yield components confirmed contrasting drought-sensitive and -tolerant behavior of the genotypes. drought tolerance was associated with small flag leaf surfaces and less frequent occurrence of stomata. substantial variation of leaf cuticular thickne ... | 2014 | 25014261 |
| an efficient and reproducible protocol for the production of salt tolerant transgenic wheat plants expressing the arabidopsis atnhx1 gene. | we present an efficient method for the production of transgenic salt tolerant hexaploid wheat plants expressing the arabidopsis atnhx1 gene. wheat mature zygotic embryos were isolated from two hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars (namely: gemmeiza 9 and gemmeiza 10) and were transformed with the a. tumefaciens lba4404 harboring the pbi-121 vector containing the atnhx1 gene. transgenic wheat lines that express the gus intron was obtained and used as control. the results confirmed t ... | 2017 | 25007249 |
| green manure addition to soil increases grain zinc concentration in bread wheat. | zinc (zn) deficiency is a major problem for many people living on wheat-based diets. here, we explored whether addition of green manure of red clover and sunflower to a calcareous soil or inoculating a non-indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (amf) strain may increase grain zn concentration in bread wheat. for this purpose we performed a multifactorial pot experiment, in which the effects of two green manures (red clover, sunflower), znso4 application, soil γ-irradiation (elimination of natu ... | 2014 | 24999738 |
| using virtual 3-d plant architecture to assess fungal pathogen splash dispersal in heterogeneous canopies: a case study with cultivar mixtures and a non-specialized disease causal agent. | recent developments in plant disease management have led to a growing interest in alternative strategies, such as increasing host diversity and decreasing the use of pesticides. use of cultivar mixtures is one option, allowing the spread of plant epidemics to be slowed down. as dispersal of fungal foliar pathogens over short distances by rain-splash droplets is a major contibutor to the spread of disease, this study focused on modelling the physical mechanisms involved in dispersal of a non-spec ... | 2014 | 24989786 |
| evolution of the bbaa component of bread wheat during its history at the allohexaploid level. | subgenome integrity in bread wheat (triticum aestivum; bbaadd) makes possible the extraction of its bbaa component to restitute a novel plant type. the availability of such a ploidy-reversed wheat (extracted tetraploid wheat [etw]) provides a unique opportunity to address whether and to what extent the bbaa component of bread wheat has been modified in phenotype, karyotype, and gene expression during its evolutionary history at the allohexaploid level. we report here that etw was anomalous in mu ... | 2014 | 24989045 |