| oscngc13 promotes seed-setting rate by facilitating pollen tube growth in stylar tissues. | seed-setting rate is a critical determinant of grain yield in rice (oryza sativa l.). rapid and healthy pollen tube growth in the style is required for high seed-setting rate. the molecular mechanisms governing this process remain largely unknown. in this study, we isolate a dominant low seed-setting rate rice mutant, sss1-d. cellular examination results show that pollen tube growth is blocked in about half of the mutant styles. molecular cloning and functional assays reveals that sss1-d encodes ... | 2017 | 28708858 |
| inhibitory effect of eugenol on seed germination and pre-harvest sprouting of hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.). | pre-harvest sprouting (phs) is a constrain problem in hybrid rice production. the present study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of eugenol on seed germination and phs of hybrid rice variety (qian you 1). the results showed that seed germination speed and the activities of α-amylase were inhibited by eugenol pre-soaking and these effects enhanced with the increasing of eugenol concentrations; while seedling growth was not negatively affected. in field trials, eugenol applicatio ... | 2017 | 28706198 |
| effect of feeding high gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing giant embryo black sticky rice (oryza sativa l.) on anxiety-related behavior of c57bl/6 mice. | the aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding high gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-containing black sticky rice giant embryo (bsrge, oryza sativa l.) on anxiety-related behavior of c57bl/6 mice. experimental feedstuff (bsrge with high gaba+ain-76a) and control (ain-76a) were provided to c57bl/6 mouse for 10 days. antianxiety effects of bsrge with high gaba were measured using an elevated plus maze. on day 8, the number of open arm entries by gaba and control groups were 1.10 ± 1.60 ... | 2017 | 28704125 |
| molecular responses to recurrent drought in two contrasting rice genotypes. | the set of variables analyzed as integrated by multivariate analysis of principal components consistently showed a memory effect induced by the drought pre-treatment in an cambará plants. the effects of drought can vary ddepending on many factors. among these the occurrence of a previous water stress may leave a residual effect (memory), influencing the future performance of a plant in response to a new drought event. this study tested the hypothesis that plants experiencing recurrent drought wo ... | 2017 | 28702689 |
| abscisic acid regulates auxin homeostasis in rice root tips to promote root hair elongation. | abscisic acid (aba) plays an essential role in root hair elongation in plants, but the regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. in this study, we found that exogenous aba can promote rice root hair elongation. transgenic rice overexpressing sapk10 (stress/aba-activated protein kinase 10) had longer root hairs; rice plants overexpressing osabil2 (osabi-like 2) had attenuated aba signaling and shorter root hairs, suggesting that the effect of aba on root hair elongation depends on the conser ... | 2017 | 28702040 |
| petroleum ether extract of njavara rice (oryza sativa) bran upregulates the jak2-stat3-mediated anti-inflammatory profile in macrophages and aortic endothelial cells promoting regression of atherosclerosis. | "njavara" (oryza sativa l.) is a unique rice variety grown in kerala that is reported to have significantly higher antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemical indices, and bioactive components compared with staple rice varieties. however, the role of nbe in reversing the atherosclerosis development remains unclear. the present study aimed to elucidate the role of nbe in promoting atherosclerotic regression. male new zealand white breed rabbits were divided into three groups. group i was the control ... | 2017 | 28700834 |
| characterization of akr4c15, a novel member of aldo-keto reductase, in comparison with other rice akr(s). | environmental stresses often cause a rapid and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros), the toxicity of which is further amplified by downstream aldehyde production. aldo-keto reductase (akr) is a group of enzymes metabolizing aldehyde/ketone to the corresponding alcohol using nadph as the cofactor. in this study, osi_20197 (akr4c15), a novel member of akr4 subfamily c, was isolated and biochemically characterized. kinetic studies on bacterially-expressed recombinant akr4c15 reve ... | 2017 | 28699078 |
| genome-wide sequence and expression analysis of the nac transcription factor family in polyploid wheat. | many important genes in agriculture correspond to transcription factors (tfs) that regulate a wide range of pathways from flowering to responses to disease and abiotic stresses. in this study, we identified 5776 tfs in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) and classified them into gene families. we further investigated the nac family exploring the phylogeny, c-terminal domain (ctd) conservation, and expression profiles across 308 rna-seq samples. phylogenetic trees of nac domains indicated that wh ... | 2017 | 28698232 |
| investigating the regulatory roles of the micrornas and the argonaute 1-enriched small rnas in plant metabolism. | the biological roles of small rnas (srnas) in metabolic processes are emerging. however, a systemic study is needed to investigate the wide-spread involvement of the srnas in plant metabolism. by using the metabolism-related transcripts retrieved from the public database plant metabolic network, and the publicly available srna high-throughput sequencing data, large-scale target identification was performed for micrornas (mirnas) and argonaute 1 (ago1)-enriched srnas in arabidopsis (arabidopsis t ... | 2017 | 28698160 |
| meiotic chromosome association 1 interacts with top3α and regulates meiotic recombination in rice. | homologous recombination plays a central role in guaranteeing chromosome segregation during meiosis. the precise regulation of the resolution of recombination intermediates is critical for the success of meiosis. many proteins, including the recq dna helicases (sgs1/blm) and topoisomerase 3α (top3α), have essential functions in managing recombination intermediates. however, many other factors involved in this process remain to be defined. here, we report the isolation of meiotic chromosome assoc ... | 2017 | 28696221 |
| white stripe leaf4 encodes a novel p-type ppr protein required for chloroplast biogenesis during early leaf development. | pentatricopeptide repeat (ppr) proteins comprise a large family in higher plants and perform diverse functions in organellar rna metabolism. despite the rice genome encodes 477 prr proteins, the regulatory effects of prr proteins on chloroplast development remains unknown. in this study, we report the functional characterization of the rice white stripe leaf4 (wsl4) mutant. the wsl4 mutant develops white-striped leaves during early leaf development, characterized by decreased chlorophyll content ... | 2017 | 28694820 |
| co-overexpression of the constitutively active form of osbzip46 and aba-activated protein kinase sapk6 improves drought and temperature stress resistance in rice. | drought is one of the major abiotic stresses threatening rice (oryza sativa) production worldwide. drought resistance is controlled by multiple genes, and therefore, a multi-gene genetic engineering strategy is theoretically useful for improving drought resistance. however, the experimental evidence for such a strategy is still lacking. in this study, a few drought-responsive genes from rice were assembled by a multiple-round site-specific assembly system, and the constructs were introduced into ... | 2017 | 28694815 |
| nitrogen metabolism in adaptation of photosynthesis to water stress in rice grown under different nitrogen levels. | to investigate the role of nitrogen (n) metabolism in the adaptation of photosynthesis to water stress in rice, a hydroponic experiment supplying with low n (0.72 mm), moderate n (2.86 mm), and high n (7.15 mm) followed by 150 g⋅l-1 peg-6000 induced water stress was conducted in a rainout shelter. water stress induced stomatal limitation to photosynthesis at low n, but no significant effect was observed at moderate and high n. non-photochemical quenching was higher at moderate and high n. in con ... | 2017 | 28690622 |
| overexpression of a novel myb-related transcription factor, osmybr1, confers improved drought tolerance and decreased aba sensitivity in rice. | the myb proteins play important roles in regulating plant responses to environmental stresses. we cloned and functionally characterized a novel myb-related gene, osmybr1, from rice. our microarray and qrt-pcr analyses showed that its expression was induced by drought and cold in different tissues at various developmental stages. this gene encodes a putative myb-related protein of 463 amino acid residues. compared with wild-type (wt) plants, transgenic plants over-expressing osmybr1 exhibited muc ... | 2017 | 28690154 |
| do si/as ratios in growth medium affect arsenic uptake, arsenite efflux and translocation of arsenite in rice (oryza sativa)? | silicon (si) may decrease the uptake and accumulation of arsenic (as) in rice. however, the effects of si/as ratios in growth medium on arsenic uptake, arsenite efflux to the external medium and translocation of arsenite in rice are currently unclear. rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.) were exposed to nutrient solutions with 10 μm arsenite [as(iii)] or 10 μm arsenate [as(v)] to explore the influence of different silicic acid concentrations (0, 10, 100, 1000 μm) on arsenic uptake and translocation ... | 2017 | 28689153 |
| inhibition of rna polymerase ii allows controlled mobilisation of retrotransposons for plant breeding. | retrotransposons play a central role in plant evolution and could be a powerful endogenous source of genetic and epigenetic variability for crop breeding. to ensure genome integrity several silencing mechanisms have evolved to repress retrotransposon mobility. even though retrotransposons fully depend on transcriptional activity of the host rna polymerase ii (pol ii) for their mobility, it was so far unclear whether pol ii is directly involved in repressing their activity. | 2017 | 28687080 |
| detection of g-quadruplex structures formed by g-rich sequences from rice genome and transcriptome using combined probes. | putative g-quadruplex (g4) forming sequences (pqs) are highly prevalent in the genome and transcriptome of various organisms and are considered as potential regulation elements in many biological processes by forming g4 structures. the formation of g4 structures highly depends on the sequences and the environment. in most cases, it is difficult to predict g4 formation by pqs, especially pqs containing g2 tracts. therefore, the experimental identification of g4 formation is essential in the study ... | 2017 | 28686018 |
| plant-rrbs, a bisulfite and next-generation sequencing-based methylome profiling method enriching for coverage of cytosine positions. | cytosine methylation in plant genomes is important for the regulation of gene transcription and transposon activity. genome-wide methylomes are studied upon mutation of the dna methyltransferases, adaptation to environmental stresses or during development. however, from basic biology to breeding programs, there is a need to monitor multiple samples to determine transgenerational methylation inheritance or differential cytosine methylation. methylome data obtained by sodium hydrogen sulfite (bisu ... | 2017 | 28683715 |
| higher fertilizer inputs increase fitness traits of brown planthopper in rice. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is the primary staple food source for more than half of the world's population. in many developing countries, increased use of fertilizers is a response to increase demand for rice. in this study, we investigated the effects of three principal fertilizer components (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) on the development of potted rice plants and their effects on fitness traits of the brown planthopper (bph) [nilaparvata lugens (stål) (homoptera: delphacidae)], which is a m ... | 2017 | 28680158 |
| a method for screening copper-tolerant rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars based on hydroponic experiments and cluster analysis. | a method for screening copper (cu)-tolerant rice cultivars was studied by combining hydroponic experiments and cluster analysis, and the classification of cultivars in cu stress tolerance was done. in the first hydroponic experiment, seedlings of jiahe991 and xiushui114 were planted in nutrient solution with different cu2+ concentrations from 10 to 1800 μg/l. results indicated that the toxic threshold of cu concentration in solution ranged from 900 to 1200 μg/l, since spad (soil and plant analyz ... | 2017 | 28678533 |
| knocking out of carotenoid catabolic genes in rice fails to boost carotenoid accumulation, but reveals a mutation in strigolactone biosynthesis. | targeted mutations in five carotenoid catabolism genes failed to boost carotenoid accumulation in rice seeds, but produced dwarf and high tillering mutants when osccd7 gene was knocked out. carotenoids play an important role in human diet as a source of vitamin a. rice is a major staple food in asia, but does not accumulate carotenoids in the endosperm because of the low carotenoid biosynthesis or the degradation in metabolism. in this study, the crispr/cas9 system was investigated in the target ... | 2017 | 28676963 |
| identification and expression profiling of oryza sativa nucleotidyl transferase protein (ntp) genes under various stress conditions. | nucleotidyl transferase proteins (ntps) modify the 3' ends of mature small rnas, leading to their stabilization or degradation. the first two plant ntps, heso1 and urt1, were identified in arabidopsis. these two ntps act cooperatively to uridylate the 3' terminal nucleotide of specific mirnas, leading to their degradation and thereby affecting the expression of genes regulated by these mirnas. little is known about ntps in other plants. here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 13 putative ... | 2017 | 28676446 |
| genetic characterization and fine mapping of s25, a hybrid male sterility gene, on rice chromosome 12. | hybrid male sterility genes are important factors in creating postzygotic reproductive isolation barriers in plants. one such gene, s25, is known to cause severe transmission ratio distortion in inter-subspecific progeny of cultivated rice oryza sativa ssp. indica and japonica. to further characterize the s25 gene, we fine-mapped and genetically characterized the s25 gene using near-isogenic lines with reciprocal genetic backgrounds. we mapped the s25 locus within a 0.67-1.02 mb region on rice c ... | 2017 | 28674278 |
| anthocyanins from black rice (oryza sativa) promote immune responses in leukemia through enhancing phagocytosis of macrophages in vivo. | rice is a staple food in numerous countries around the world. anthocyanins found in black rice have been reported to reduce the risk of certain diseases, but the effects of crude extract of anthocyanins from asia university-selected purple glutinous indica rice (aupga) on immune responses have not yet been demonstrated. the current study aimed to investigate whether aupga treatment could affect immune responses in murine leukemia cells in vivo. murine acute myelomonocytic leukemia wehi-3 cells w ... | 2017 | 28672893 |
| production of low-cs+ rice plants by inactivation of the k+ transporter oshak1 with the crispr-cas system. | the occurrence of radiocesium in food has raised sharp health concerns after nuclear accidents. despite being present at low concentrations in contaminated soils (below μm), cesium (cs+ ) can be taken up by crops and transported to their edible parts. this plant capacity to take up cs+ from low concentrations has notably affected the production of rice (oryza sativa l.) in japan after the nuclear accident at fukushima in 2011. several strategies have been put into practice to reduce cs+ content ... | 2017 | 28670755 |
| diagnosing ozone stress and differential tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.) with ethylenediurea (edu). | rising tropospheric ozone concentrations in asia necessitate the breeding of adapted rice varieties to ensure food security. however, breeding requires field-based evaluation of ample plant material, which can be technically challenging or very costly when using ozone fumigation facilities. the chemical ethylenediurea (edu) has been proposed for estimating the effects of ozone in large-scale field applications, but controlled experiments investigating constitutive effects on rice or its suitabil ... | 2017 | 28668595 |
| metabolomics analysis of tio2 nanoparticles induced toxicological effects on rice (oryza sativa l.). | the wide occurrence and high environmental concentration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-tio2) have raised concerns about their potential toxic effects on crops. in this study, we employed a gc-ms-based metabolomic approach to investigate the potential toxicity of nano-tio2 on hydroponically-cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) after exposed to 0, 100, 250 or 500 mg/l of nano-tio2 for fourteen days. results showed that the biomass of rice was significantly decreased and the antioxidant defens ... | 2017 | 28667911 |
| elucidating stress proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.) genotype under elevated temperature: a proteomic approach to understand heat stress response. | rice is one of the widely consumed staple foods among the world's human population. its production is adversely affected by high temperature and is more pronounced at flowering stage. elucidating elevated temperature stress-related proteins as well as associated mechanisms is inevitable for improving heat tolerance in rice. in the present study, a proteomic analysis of heat-sensitive rice genotype, iet 21405 was conducted. two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) and maldi-tof/ms-based proteomics ... | 2017 | 28667647 |
| biochemical indicators of root damage in rice (oryza sativa) genotypes under zinc deficiency stress. | zn deficiency is one of the major soil constraints currently limiting rice production. although recent studies demonstrated that higher antioxidant activity in leaf tissue effectively protects against zn deficiency stress, little is known about whether similar tolerance mechanisms operate in root tissue. in this study we explored root-specific responses of different rice genotypes to zn deficiency. root solute leakage and biomass reduction, antioxidant activity, and metabolic changes were measur ... | 2017 | 28667406 |
| development of "purple endosperm rice" by engineering anthocyanin biosynthesis in the endosperm with a high-efficiency transgene stacking system. | anthocyanins have high antioxidant activities, and engineering of anthocyanin biosynthesis in staple crops, such as rice (oryza sativa l.), could provide health-promoting foods for improving human health. however, engineering metabolic pathways for biofortification remains difficult, and previous attempts to engineer anthocyanin production in rice endosperm failed because of the sophisticated genetic regulatory network of its biosynthetic pathway. in this study, we developed a high-efficiency ve ... | 2017 | 28666688 |
| expression of the aeluropus littoralis alsap gene enhances rice yield under field drought at the reproductive stage. | we evaluated the yields of oryza sativa l. 'nipponbare' rice lines expressing a gene encoding an a20/an1 domain stress-associated protein, alsap, from the halophyte grass aeluropus littoralis under the control of different promoters. three independent field trials were conducted, with drought imposed at the reproductive stage. in all trials, the two transgenic lines, rn5 and rn6, consistently out-performed non-transgenic (nt) and wild-type (wt) controls, providing 50-90% increases in grain yield ... | 2017 | 28659945 |
| underlying mechanisms and effects of hydrated lime and selenium application on cadmium uptake by rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium (se) and hydrated lime (lime), applied alone or simultaneously (se+lime), on growth and cadmium (cd) uptake and translocation in rice seedlings grown in an acid soil with three levels of cd (slight, mild, and moderate contamination). in the soil with 0.41 mg kg-1 cd (slight cd contamination), se addition alone significantly decreased cd accumulation in the root and shoot by 35.3 and 40.1%, respectively, but this tendency weake ... | 2017 | 28656571 |
| genome-wide identification and expression analysis of sbp-like transcription factor genes in moso bamboo (phyllostachys edulis). | the squamosa promoter binding protein-like (spl) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors (tfs) that function in a variety of developmental processes including growth, flower development, and signal transduction. spl proteins are encoded by a gene family, and these genes have been characterized in two model grass species, zea mays and oryza sativa. the spl gene family has not been well studied in moso bamboo (phyllostachys edulis), a woody grass species. | 2017 | 28655295 |
| a quantitative acetylomic analysis of early seed development in rice (oryza sativa l.). | pka (protein lysine acetylation) is a critical post-translational modification that regulates various developmental processes, including seed development. however, the acetylation events and dynamics on a proteomic scale in this process remain largely unknown, especially in rice early seed development. we report the first quantitative acetylproteomic study focused on rice early seed development by employing a mass spectral-based (ms-based), label-free approach. a total of 1817 acetylsites on 168 ... | 2017 | 28654018 |
| protein phosphatases potentially associated with regulation of microtubules, their spatial structure reconstruction and analysis. | according to the sequence and profile comparison with known catalytic domains, where identified protein phosphatases potentially involved in regulation of microtubule dynamics and structure from arabidopsis thaliana, nicotiana tabacum, medicago sativa, oryza sativa subsp. japonica, zea mays, and triticum aestivum. selected proteins were related to classical non-receptor, serine/threonine-specific and dual protein phosphatases. by application of template structures of human protein phosphatases, ... | 2017 | 28653783 |
| silicon amendment is involved in the induction of plant defense responses to a phloem feeder. | plant resistance to herbivores is a key component in integrated pest management. in most cases, silicon (si) amendment to plants enhances resistance to herbivorous insects. the increase of plant physical barrier and altered insect behaviors are proposed as mechanisms for the enhanced resistance in si-amended plants, but our understanding of the induced mechanisms involved in si-enhanced plant resistance to phloem-feeding insects remains unclear. here, we show that si amendment to rice (oryza sat ... | 2017 | 28652621 |
| growth and metabolic responses of rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivated in phosphorus-deficient soil amended with tio2 nanoparticles. | plants have the natural ability to withstand stress conditions through metabolic adjustments. the present study aimed at investigating the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio2 nps) application (0, 25, 50, 150, 250, 500, and 750 mg kg-1) in phosphorus-deficient soil in terms of growth responses, p contents, and metabolic alterations in rice. tio2 nps application increased shoot length up to 14.5%. phosphorus contents in rice roots, shoots, and grains were increased by 2.6-, 2.4-, and 1 ... | 2017 | 28650653 |
| molecular mechanisms of phosphate transport and signaling in higher plants. | phosphorus (p) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. to adapt to low inorganic-phosphate (pi) environments, plants have evolved complex mechanisms and pathways that regulate the acquisition and remobilization of pi and maintain p homeostasis. these mechanisms are regulated by complex gene regulatory networks through the functions of pi transporters (pts) and pi starvation-induced (psi) genes. this review summarizes recent progress in determining the molecular regulatory ... | 2017 | 28648582 |
| comparative expression analysis of rice and arabidopsis peroxiredoxin genes suggests conserved or diversified roles between the two species and leads to the identification of tandemly duplicated rice peroxiredoxin genes differentially expressed in seeds. | peroxiredoxins (prxs) have recently been identified as plant antioxidants. completion of various genome sequencing projects has provided genome-wide information about prx genes in major plant species. two of these -- oryza sativa (rice) and arabidopsis -- each have 10 prx members. although significant progress has been made in understanding their biological roles in arabidopsis, those functions in rice, a model crop plant, have not been well studied. | 2017 | 28647924 |
| comparative proteomics and protein profile related to phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in germinated oryza sativa 'kdml105' and thai brown rice 'mali daeng' for better nutritional value. | brown rice (br) and germinated brown rice (gbr) are considered as prime sources of carbohydrate and bioactive compounds for more than half of the populations worldwide. several studies have reported on the proteomics of br and gbr; however, the proteomic profiles related to the synthesis of bioactive compounds are less well documented. in the present study, br and gbr were used in a comparative analysis of the proteomic and bioactive compound profiles for two famous thai rice varieties: khao daw ... | 2018 | 28646518 |
| genome-wide analysis of udp-glycosyltransferase super family in brassica rapa and brassica oleracea reveals its evolutionary history and functional characterization. | glycosyltransferases comprise a highly divergent and polyphyletic multigene family that is involved in widespread modification of plant secondary metabolites in a process called glycosylation. according to conserved domains identified in their amino acid sequences, these glycosyltransferases can be classified into a single udp-glycosyltransferase (ugt) 1 superfamily. | 2017 | 28645261 |
| characterization of salt-induced epigenetic segregation by genome-wide loss of heterozygosity and its association with salt tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | in a breeding effort to develop salt tolerant (st) rice varieties by designed qtl pyramiding, large numbers of progenies derived from four crosses between salt- or drought- tolerant bc2f5 ir64 introgression lines, were subjected to severe salt stress, resulting in 422 st plants. the progeny testing of the selected f3 lines under more severe salt stress resulted in identification of 16 promising homozygous lines with high levels of st. genetic characterization of the 422 st f3 progeny and 318 ran ... | 2017 | 28642778 |
| assessment of five chilling tolerance traits and gwas mapping in rice using the usda mini-core collection. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is often exposed to cool temperatures during spring planting in temperate climates. a better understanding of genetic pathways regulating chilling tolerance will enable breeders to develop varieties with improved tolerance during germination and young seedling stages. to dissect chilling tolerance, five assays were developed; one assay for the germination stage, one assay for the germination and seedling stage, and three for the seedling stage. based on these assays, five ... | 2017 | 28642772 |
| oshad1, a haloacid dehalogenase-like apase, enhances phosphate accumulation. | phosphorus (p) deficiency limits plant growth and yield. since plants can absorb only the inorganic form of p (pi), a large portion of soil p (organic and inorganic p complexes) remains unused. here, we identified and characterized a phr2-regulated, novel low-pi-responsive haloacid dehalogenase (had)-like hydrolase, oshad1 while oshad1 is a functional had protein having both acid phosphatase and phytase activities, it showed little homology with other known low-pi-responsive had superfamily memb ... | 2017 | 28637831 |
| structure-seq2: sensitive and accurate genome-wide profiling of rna structure in vivo. | rna serves many functions in biology such as splicing, temperature sensing, and innate immunity. these functions are often determined by the structure of rna. there is thus a pressing need to understand rna structure and how it changes during diverse biological processes both in vivo and genome-wide. here, we present structure-seq2, which provides nucleotide-resolution rna structural information in vivo and genome-wide. this optimized version of our original structure-seq method increases sensit ... | 2017 | 28637286 |
| suppression or knockout of saf/sam overcomes the sa-mediated hybrid male sterility in rice. | hybrids between the indica and japonica subspecies of rice (oryza sativa) are usually sterile, which hinders utilization of heterosis in the inter-subspecific hybrid breeding. the complex locus sa comprises two adjacently located genes, saf and sam, which interact to cause abortion of pollen grains carrying the japonica allele in japonica-indica hybrids. here we showed that silencing of saf or sam by rna interference restored male fertility in indica-japonica hybrids with heterozygous sa. we fur ... | 2017 | 28636095 |
| the tonoplast-localized transporter mtp8.2 contributes to manganese detoxification in the shoots and roots of oryza sativa l. | manganese (mn) cation diffusion facilitators (mn-cdfs) play important roles in the mn homeostasis of plants. in rice, the tonoplast-localized mn-cdf metal tolerance protein 8.1 (mtp8.1) is involved in mn detoxification in the shoots. this study functionally characterized the mn-cdf mtp8.2 and determined its contribution to mn tolerance. mtp8.2 was found to share 68% identity with mtp8.1 and was expressed in both the shoots and roots, but its transcription level was lower than that of mtp8.1. tra ... | 2017 | 28633293 |
| copper and ectopic expression of the arabidopsis transport protein copt1 alter iron homeostasis in rice (oryza sativa l.). | copper deficiency and excess differentially affect iron homeostasis in rice and overexpression of the arabidopsis high-affinity copper transporter copt1 slightly increases endogenous iron concentration in rice grains. higher plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to efficiently acquire and use micronutrients such as copper and iron. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between both metals remain poorly understood. in the present work, we study the effects produced ... | 2017 | 28631167 |
| transcriptomic analysis of rice aleurone cells identified a novel abscisic acid response element. | seeds serve as a great model to study plant responses to drought stress, which is largely mediated by abscisic acid (aba). the aba responsive element (abre) is a key cis-regulatory element in aba signalling. however, its consensus sequence (acgtg(g/t)c) is present in the promoters of only about 40% of aba-induced genes in rice aleurone cells, suggesting other abres may exist. to identify novel abres, rna sequencing was performed on aleurone cells of rice seeds treated with 20 μm aba. gibbs sampl ... | 2017 | 28626890 |
| altered expression of osnla1 modulates pi accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) plants. | current agricultural practices rely on heavy use of fertilizers for increased crop productivity. however, the problems associated with heavy fertilizer use, such as high cost and environmental pollution, require the development of crop species with increased nutrient use efficiency. in this study, by using transgenic approaches, we have revealed the critical role of osnla1 in phosphate (pi) accumulation of rice plants. when grown under sufficient pi and nitrate levels, osnla1 knockdown (osnla1-1 ... | 2017 | 28626465 |
| development and validation of kasp markers for the greenbug resistance gene gb7 and the hessian fly resistance gene h32 in wheat. | greenbug and hessian fly are important pests that decrease wheat production worldwide. we developed and validated breeder-friendly kasp markers for marker-assisted breeding to increase selection efficiency. greenbug (schizaphis graminum rondani) and hessian fly [mayetiola destructor (say)] are two major destructive insect pests of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) throughout wheat production regions in the usa and worldwide. greenbug and hessian fly infestation can significantly reduce grain yield an ... | 2017 | 28624908 |
| phytochelatin synthase ospcs1 plays a crucial role in reducing arsenic levels in rice grains. | reduction of the level of arsenic (as) in rice grains is an important challenge for agriculture. a recent study reported that the osabcc1 transporter prevents the accumulation of as in grains by sequestering as-phytochelatin complexes into vacuoles in the upper nodes. however, how phytochelatins are provided in response to as remains unclear. here, we show that the phytochelatin synthase ospcs1 plays a crucial role in reducing as levels in rice grains. using a forward genetic approach, we isolat ... | 2017 | 28621830 |
| shading contributes to the reduction of stem mechanical strength by decreasing cell wall synthesis in japonica rice (oryza sativa l.). | low solar radiation caused by industrial development and solar dimming has become a limitation in crop production in china. it is widely accepted that low solar radiation influences many aspects of plant development, including slender, weak stems and susceptibility to lodging. however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. to clarify how low solar radiation affects stem mechanical strength formation and lodging resistance, the japonica rice cultivars wuyunjing23 (lodging-resistant) ... | 2017 | 28611803 |
| a transcriptomics and comparative genomics analysis reveals gene families with a role in body plan complexity. | we analyzed tissue-specific transcriptomes of arabidopsis thaliana and identified 66 gene families with a high frequency of "gradient genes" - genes showing a significant expression gradient between tissues. gradient gene families include many with roles in hormone and peptide signaling, cell wall synthesis and remodeling, secondary metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and transport between cells. we compared the size of the gradient gene families among the genomes of four plant species with ... | 2017 | 28611798 |
| characterization and regulation of aquaporin genes of sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench] in response to waterlogging stress. | waterlogging is a significant environmental constraint to crop production, and a better understanding of plant responses is critical for the improvement of crop tolerance to waterlogged soils. aquaporins (aqps) are a class of channel-forming proteins that play an important role in water transport in plants. this study aimed to examine the regulation of aqp genes under waterlogging stress and to characterize the genetic variability of aqp genes in sorghum (sorghum bicolor). transcriptional profil ... | 2017 | 28611797 |
| nonradioactive plant small rna detection using biotin-labeled probes. | small noncoding rnas are essential for gene expression at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. northern blot is the most used method for small rna detection in tissues. here we present an improved protocol for the northern blot-based small rna detection from plant tissues by using biotin-labeled probes. micrornas and small interfering rnas derived from arabidopsis and oryza sativa, respectively, have been detected with this methodology. results suggest that this method is sensitive an ... | 2017 | 28608345 |
| effect of fluoride on photosynthesis, growth and accumulation of four widely cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties in india. | long-term use of fluoride contaminated groundwater to irrigate crops; especially paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) has resulted in elevated soil fluoride levels in eastern india. there is, therefore, growing concern regarding accumulation of fluoride in rice grown on these soils. a laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of f on germination and phytotoxicity of four varieties of rice (orzya sativa l.) (mtu-1010; iet-4094; iet-4786 and gb-1) grown in petri dish in a green house w ... | 2017 | 28600945 |
| genetic control of plasticity in root morphology and anatomy of rice in response to water deficit. | elucidating the genetic control of rooting behavior under water-deficit stress is essential to breed climate-robust rice (oryza sativa) cultivars. using a diverse panel of 274 indica genotypes grown under control and water-deficit conditions during vegetative growth, we phenotyped 35 traits, mostly related to root morphology and anatomy, involving 45,000 root-scanning images and nearly 25,000 cross sections from the root-shoot junction. the phenotypic plasticity of these traits was quantified as ... | 2017 | 28600346 |
| effect of water management and silicon on germination, growth, phosphorus and arsenic uptake in rice. | silicon (si) is the 2nd most abundant element in soil which is known to enhance stress tolerance in wide variety of crops. arsenic (as), a toxic metalloid enters into the human food chain through contaminated water and food or feed. to alleviate the deleterious effect of as on human health, it is a need of time to find out an effective strategy to reduce the as accumulation in the food chain. the experiments were conducted during september-december 2014, and 2016 to optimize si concentration for ... | 2017 | 28599126 |
| cadmium accumulation characteristics of low-cadmium rice (oryza sativa l.) line and f1 hybrids grown in cadmium-contaminated soils. | cadmium (cd) pollution has threatened severely to food safety and human health. a pot experiment and a field experiment were conducted to investigate the difference of cd accumulation between rice (oryza sativa l.) lines and f1 hybrids in cd-contaminated soils. the adverse effect on biomass of rice lines was greater than that of f1 hybrids under cd treatments in the pot experiment. the variations of cd concentration among rice cultivars in different organs were smaller in stem and leaf, but larg ... | 2017 | 28597385 |
| root determined nodulation1 is required for m. truncatula cle12, but not cle13, peptide signaling through the sunn receptor kinase. | the combinatorial interaction of a receptor kinase and a modified cle peptide is involved in several developmental processes in plants, including autoregulation of nodulation (aon), which allows legumes to limit the number of root nodules formed based on available nitrogen and previous rhizobial colonization. evidence supports the modification of cle peptides by enzymes of the hydroxyproline o-arabinosyltransferase (hpat/rdn) family. here, we show by grafting and genetic analysis in medicago tru ... | 2017 | 28592666 |
| duplication and loss of function of genes encoding rna polymerase iii subunit c4 causes hybrid incompatibility in rice. | reproductive barriers are commonly observed in both animals and plants, in which they maintain species integrity and contribute to speciation. this report shows that a combination of loss-of-function alleles at two duplicated loci, duplicated gametophytic sterility 1 (dgs1) on chromosome 4 and dgs2 on chromosome 7, causes pollen sterility in hybrid progeny derived from an interspecific cross between cultivated rice, oryza sativa, and an asian annual wild rice, o. nivara male gametes carrying the ... | 2017 | 28592558 |
| comparative mapping of seed dormancy loci between tropical and temperate ecotypes of weedy rice (oryza sativa l.). | genotypic variation at multiple loci for seed dormancy (sd) contributes to plant adaptation to diverse ecosystems. weedy rice (oryza sativa) was used as a model to address the similarity of sd genes between distinct ecotypes. a total of 12 quantitative trait loci (qtl) for sd were identified in one primary and two advanced backcross (bc) populations derived from a temperate ecotype of weedy rice (34.3°n lat.). nine (75%) of the 12 loci were mapped to the same positions as those identified from a ... | 2017 | 28592557 |
| mir397/laccase gene mediated network improves tolerance to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl in beckmannia syzigachne and oryza sativa. | herbicide resistance can be either target-site or non-target-site based. the molecular mechanisms underlying non-target-site resistance (ntsr) are poorly understood, especially at the level of gene expression regulation. micrornas (mirnas) represent key post-transcriptional regulators of eukaryotic gene expression and play important roles in stress responses. in this study, the mir397 gene from beckmannia syzigachne (referred to as bsy-mir397) was functionally characterized to determine its role ... | 2017 | 28588605 |
| evaluating hyperspectral vegetation indices for leaf area index estimation of oryza sativa l. at diverse phenological stages. | hyperspectral reflectance derived vegetation indices (vis) are used for non-destructive leaf area index (lai) monitoring for precise and efficient n nutrition management. this study tested the hypothesis that there is potential for using various hyperspectral vis for estimating lai at different growth stages of rice under varying n rates. hyperspectral reflectance and crop canopy lai measurements were carried out over 2 years (2015 and 2016) in meichuan, hubei, china. different n fertilization, ... | 2017 | 28588596 |
| changes in soil microbial community composition and organic carbon fractions in an integrated rice-crayfish farming system in subtropical china. | integrated rice-crayfish farming system is a highly efficient artificial ecosystem in which the rice (oryza sativa) variety 'jianzhen 2' is cultivated in waterlogged paddy fields along with crayfish (procambarus clarkii). we investigated soil carbon fractions and microbial community structure by phospholipid fatty acids (plfa) analysis in a 10-year field experiment using an integrated rice-crayfish (cr) model and a rice monoculture (mr) model at soil depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, and 30 ... | 2017 | 28588212 |
| fine mapping of a quantitative trait locus for spikelet number per panicle in a new plant type rice and evaluation of a near-isogenic line for grain productivity. | total spikelet number per panicle (tsn) is one of the determinants of grain productivity in rice (oryza sativa l.). in this study, we attempted to detect quantitative trait loci (qtls) for tsn in the introgression lines with high tsn, derived from the cross of indica group variety ir 64 with new plant type lines. two qtls were detected on the long arm of chromosome 12: qtsn12.1 in the bc4f2 population of yth63/ir 64 and qtsn12.2 in the bc4f3 population of yth83/ir 64. tsn of the main tiller was ... | 2017 | 28582550 |
| allelic variants of oshkt1;1 underlie the divergence between indica and japonica subspecies of rice (oryza sativa) for root sodium content. | salinity is a major factor limiting crop productivity. rice (oryza sativa), a staple crop for the majority of the world, is highly sensitive to salinity stress. to discover novel sources of genetic variation for salt tolerance-related traits in rice, we screened 390 diverse accessions under 14 days of moderate (9 ds·m-1) salinity. in this study, shoot growth responses to moderate levels of salinity were independent of tissue na+ content. a significant difference in root na+ content was observed ... | 2017 | 28582424 |
| rice gene sdl/rnrs1, encoding the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, is required for chlorophyll synthesis and plant growth development. | a new mutant named sdl (stripe and drooping leaf) was characterized from indica cultivar zhenong 34 by ethylmethane sulfonate (ems) mutagenesis. the mutant sdl exhibited development defects including stripe and drooping leaf, dwarfism and deformed floral organs. the gene sdl was found allelic to rnrs1 by map-based cloning, which was homologous to arabidopsis tso2 encoding the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase. the gdna sequencing results of sdl in mutant showed that there was a repetitiv ... | 2017 | 28578018 |
| the sequences of 1504 mutants in the model rice variety kitaake facilitate rapid functional genomic studies. | the availability of a whole-genome sequenced mutant population and the cataloging of mutations of each line at a single-nucleotide resolution facilitate functional genomic analysis. to this end, we generated and sequenced a fast-neutron-induced mutant population in the model rice cultivar kitaake (oryza sativa ssp japonica), which completes its life cycle in 9 weeks. we sequenced 1504 mutant lines at 45-fold coverage and identified 91,513 mutations affecting 32,307 genes, i.e., 58% of all rice g ... | 2017 | 28576844 |
| reactive oxygen species induced by heat stress during grain filling of rice (oryza sativa l.) are involved in occurrence of grain chalkiness. | heat stress during grain filling increases rice grain chalkiness due to increased activity of α-amylase, which hydrolyzes starch. in rice and barley seeds, reactive oxygen species (ros) produced after imbibition induce α-amylase activity via regulation of gibberellin (ga) and abscisic acid (aba) levels during seed germination. here, we examined whether ros is involved in induction of grain chalkiness by α-amylase in developing rice grains under heat stress. to elucidate the role of ros in grain ... | 2017 | 28575747 |
| regulation of gene expression in the remobilization of carbon reserves in rice stems during grain filling. | carbon reserves in rice straw (stem and sheath) before flowering contribute to a significant portion of grain filling. however, the molecular mechanism of carbon reserve remobilization from straw to grains remains unclear. in this study, super rice lyp9 and conventional rice 9311 showed different carbon reserve remobilization behaviors. the transcriptomic profiles of straws of lyp9 and 9311 were analyzed at three stages of grain filling. among the differentially expressed genes (dgs), 5,733 gene ... | 2017 | 28575477 |
| evolutionary relationships and expression analysis of eul domain proteins in rice (oryza sativa). | lectins, defined as 'proteins that can recognize and bind specific carbohydrate structures', are widespread among all kingdoms of life and play an important role in various biological processes in the cell. most plant lectins are involved in stress signaling and/or defense. the family of euonymus-related lectins (euls) represents a group of stress-related lectins composed of one or two eul domains. the latter protein domain is unique in that it is ubiquitous in land plants, suggesting an importa ... | 2017 | 28560587 |
| genetic architecture of anther extrusion in spring and winter wheat. | hybrid wheat breeding is gaining prominence worldwide because it ensures higher and more static yield than conventionally bred varieties. the cleistogamous floral architecture of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) impedes anthers inside the floret, making it largely an inbreeder. for hybrid seed production, high anther extrusion is needed to promote cross pollination and to ensure a high level of pollen availability for the seed plant. this study, therefore, aimed at the genetic dissection of anther e ... | 2017 | 28559904 |
| dating rice remains through phytolith carbon-14 study reveals domestication at the beginning of the holocene. | phytolith remains of rice (oryza sativa l.) recovered from the shangshan site in the lower yangtze of china have previously been recognized as the earliest examples of rice cultivation. however, because of the poor preservation of macroplant fossils, many radiocarbon dates were derived from undifferentiated organic materials in pottery sherds. these materials remain a source of debate because of potential contamination by old carbon. direct dating of the rice remains might serve to clarify their ... | 2017 | 28559349 |
| effect of different silage storing conditions on the oxygen concentration in the silo and fermentation quality of rice. | we investigated the effects of different silage storing conditions on the oxygen concentration in the silo and fermentation quality of rice (oryza sativa l.). forage rice was ensiled in bottles (with or without space at the bottlemouth, with solid or pinhole cap, and with oxygen scavenger, ethanol transpiration agent, oxygen scavenger and ethanol transpiration agent, or no adjuvant) and stored for 57 days. the oxygen concentration decreased with the addition of the oxygen scavenger and increased ... | 2017 | 28558215 |
| yellow-leaf 1 encodes a magnesium-protoporphyrin ix monomethyl ester cyclase, involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.). | magnesium-protoporphyrin ix monomethyl ester cyclase (mpec) catalyzes the conversion of mpme to divinyl protochlorophyllide (dvpchlide). this is an essential enzyme during chlorophyll (chl) biosynthesis but details of its function in rice are still lacking. here, we identified a novel rice mutant yellow-leaf 1 (yl-1), which showed decreased chl accumulation, abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure and attenuated photosynthetic activity. map-based cloning and over-expression analysis suggested that y ... | 2017 | 28558018 |
| the buffering capacity of stems: genetic architecture of nonstructural carbohydrates in cultivated asian rice, oryza sativa. | harnessing stem carbohydrate dynamics in grasses offers an opportunity to help meet future demands for plant-based food, fiber and fuel production, but requires a greater understanding of the genetic controls that govern the synthesis, interconversion and transport of such energy reserves. we map out a blueprint of the genetic architecture of rice (oryza sativa) stem nonstructural carbohydrates (nsc) at two critical developmental time-points using a subpopulation-specific genome-wide association ... | 2017 | 28556941 |
| three tob1-related yabby genes are required to maintain proper function of the spikelet and branch meristems in rice. | yabby genes play important roles in the development of lateral organs such as leaves and floral organs in angiosperms. however, the function of yabby genes is poorly understood in monocots. we focused on three rice (oryza sativa) yabby genes, tongari-boushi (tob1, tob2, tob3), which are closely related to arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) filamentous flower (fil). to elucidate the function of these yabby genes, we employed a reverse genetic approach. tob genes were expressed in bract and latera ... | 2017 | 28556940 |
| proteomic analysis of rice seedlings under cold stress. | low temperature can greatly restrict the growth and development of rice. the rice seedlings show growth retardation, lamina wrap, and part of blade even died under the condition of low temperature. in order to get more information about cold stress responses in rice, two dimensional electrophoresis and bioinformatics analysis of mass spectrometry were used to preliminary survey the cold tolerance of cold sensitive line 9311 and cold resistance variety fujisaka 5 under cold stress. two dimensiona ... | 2017 | 28555319 |
| conformational characteristics of rice hexokinase oshxk7 as a moonlighting protein involved in sugar signalling and metabolism. | hexokinase (hxk) as a moonlighting protein involves in glucose metabolism and signalling to regulate growth and development in plants. therefore, the clarification for the structural properties of oshxk7 (oryza sativa hexokinase 7) is essential to understand its role mechanism associated with the glc signalling and metabolism. in this study, the structural characteristics of oshxk7 (oryza sativa hexokinase 7) were identified. in the fluorescence spectrum, the trp peak representing oshxk7 binding ... | 2017 | 28555318 |
| global transcriptome analysis of combined abiotic stress signaling genes unravels key players in oryza sativa l.: an in silico approach. | combined abiotic stress (cabs) affects the field grown plants simultaneously. the multigenic and quantitative nature of uncontrollable abiotic stresses complicates the process of understanding the stress response by plants. considering this, we analyzed the cabs response of c3 model plant, oryza sativa by meta-analysis. the datasets of commonly expressed genes by drought, salinity, submergence, metal, natural expression, biotic, and abiotic stresses were data mined through publically accessible ... | 2017 | 28555143 |
| residue behaviors and dietary risk assessment of dinotefuran and its metabolites in oryza sativa by a new hplc-ms/ms method. | in this study, we developed a new method to detect dinotefuran and its metabolites (uf and dn) in oryza sativa (rice) by hplc-ms/ms in multiple reaction monitoring (mrm) modes. the recovery rates for dinotefuran, uf and dn were 82.3-85.8%, 83.7-89.0%, and 81.6-90.2%, respectively. the dissipation kinetics of dinotefuran in rice followed a combined first+first kinetic model, where the half-lives of dinotefuran and its metabolites were determined to be between 0.5 and 2.3days. the dinotefuran resi ... | 2017 | 28554625 |
| sgd1, a key enzyme in tocopherol biosynthesis, is essential for plant development and cold tolerance in rice. | tocopherols, a group of vitamin e compounds, are essential components of the human diet. in contrast to well documented roles in animals, the functions of tocopherols in plants are less understood. in this study, we characterized two allelic rice dwarf mutant lines designated sgd1-1 and sgd1-2 (small grain and dwarf1). histological observations showed that the dwarf phenotypes were mainly due to cell elongation defects. a map-based cloning strategy and subsequent complementation test showed that ... | 2017 | 28554480 |
| pdhs-svm: a prediction method for plant dnase i hypersensitive sites based on support vector machine. | dnase i hypersensitive sites (dhss) are accessible chromatin regions hypersensitive to cleavages by dnase i endonucleases. dhss are indicative of cis-regulatory dna elements (cres), all of which play important roles in global gene expression regulation. it is helpful for discovering cres by recognition of dhss in genome. to accelerate the investigation, it is an important complement to develop cost-effective computational methods to identify dhss. however, there is a lack of tools used for ident ... | 2017 | 28552554 |
| mir529a modulates panicle architecture through regulating squamosa promoter binding-like genes in rice (oryza sativa). | mir529a affects rice panicle architecture by targeting osspl2,osspl14 and osspl17 genes that could regulate their downstream panicle related genes. the panicle architecture determines the grain yield and quality of rice, which could be regulated by many transcriptional factors. the squamosa promoter binding-like (spl) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of panicle development, which are targeted by mir156 and mir529. the expression profile demonstrated that mir529a is preferenti ... | 2017 | 28551765 |
| authenticity testing of environment-friendly korean rice (oryza sativa l.) using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratio analysis. | the increasing demand for organic foods creates, in turn, a pressing need for the development of more accurate tools for the authentication of organic food in order to ensure both fair trade and food safety. this study examines the feasibility of δ13c and δ15n analyses as potential tools for authentication of environment-friendly rice sold in korea. δ13c and δ15n examination in different rice grains showed that environment-friendly rice can be successfully distinguished from conventional rice. n ... | 2017 | 28551256 |
| the pseudoenzyme pdx1.2 sustains vitamin b6 biosynthesis as a function of heat stress. | plants sense temperature changes and respond by altering growth and metabolic activity to acclimate to the altered environmental conditions. the b vitamins give rise to vital coenzymes that are indispensable for growth and development but their inherent reactive nature renders them prone to destruction especially under stress conditions. therefore, plant survival strategies would be expected to include mechanisms to sustain b vitamin supply under demanding circumstances. here, using the example ... | 2017 | 28550206 |
| the dth8-hd1 module mediates day-length-dependent regulation of rice flowering. | photoperiodic flowering is one of the most important pathways to govern flowering in rice (oryza sativa), in which heading date 1 (hd1), an ortholog of the arabidopsis constans gene, encodes a pivotal regulator. hd1 promotes flowering under short-day conditions (sd) but represses flowering under long-day conditions (ld) by regulating the expression of heading date 3a (hd3a), the flowering locus t (ft) ortholog in rice. however, the molecular mechanism of how hd1 changes its regulatory activity i ... | 2017 | 28549969 |
| maintenance of phosphate homeostasis and root development are coordinately regulated by myb1, an r2r3-type myb transcription factor in rice. | the adaptive responses of plants to phosphate (pi) starvation stress are fine-tuned by an elaborate regulatory network. in this study, we identified and characterized a novel pi starvation-responsive gene, myb1, encoding an r2r3-type transcription factor in rice. myb1 was transcriptionally induced in leaf sheaths and old leaf blades. it was localized to the nucleus and expressed mainly in vascular tissues. mutation of myb1 led to an increase in pi uptake and accumulation, accompanied by altered ... | 2017 | 28549191 |
| integration of cerium chemical forms and subcellular distribution to understand cerium tolerance mechanism in the rice seedlings. | rare earth elements (rees) accumulate in the soil and ecosystem. cerium (ce) is one of the main additives in ree-containing fertilizers. however, little information is available on ce distribution patterns and chemical forms in rice. the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of ce were investigated in the rice seedlings (oryza sativa l., cv. zhonghua 11) exposed to 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μm ce. the elongation of root and shoot was significantly inhibited by 20, 40, 80, and 160 μm ce. c ... | 2017 | 28547370 |
| low-cesium rice: mutation in ossos2 reduces radiocesium in rice grains. | in japan, radiocesium contamination in foods has become of great concern and it is a primary issue to reduce grain radiocesium concentration in rice (oryza sativa l.). here, we report a low-cesium rice mutant 1 (lcs1) with the radiocesium concentration in grain about half that in the wild-type cultivar. genetic analyses revealed that a mutation in ossos2, which encodes a serine/threonine-protein kinase required for the salt overly sensitive (sos) pathway in plants, is responsible for the decreas ... | 2017 | 28546542 |
| in vitro characterization of thermostable cam rubisco activase reveals a rubisco interacting surface loop. | to maintain metabolic flux through the calvin-benson-bassham cycle in higher plants, dead-end inhibited complexes of rubisco must constantly be engaged and remodeled by the molecular chaperone rubisco activase (rca). in c3 plants, the thermolability of rca is responsible for the deactivation of rubisco and reduction of photosynthesis at moderately elevated temperatures. we reasoned that crassulacean acid metabolism (cam) plants must possess thermostable rca to support calvin-benson-bassham cycle ... | 2017 | 28546437 |
| fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qtac8, a major quantitative trait locus controlling tiller angle in rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice tiller angle is an important agronomic trait that contributes to crop production and plays a vital role in high yield breeding. in this study, a recombinant inbred line (ril) population derived from the cross of a glabrous tropical japonica rice d50 and an indica rice hb277, was used to investigate quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling rice tiller angle. two major qtls, qtac8 and qtac9, were detected. while qtac9 mapped with a previously identified gene (tac1), using a bc2f2 population ... | 2017 | 28542427 |
| endophytic fungi piriformospora indica mediated protection of host from arsenic toxicity. | complex intercellular interaction is a common theme in plant-pathogen/symbiont relationship. cellular physiology of both the partners is affected by abiotic stress. however, little is known about the degree of protection each offers to the other from different types of environmental stress. our current study focused on the changes in response to toxic arsenic in the presence of an endophytic fungus piriformospora indica that colonizes the paddy roots. the primary impact of arsenic was observed i ... | 2017 | 28539916 |
| genomic variation associated with local adaptation of weedy rice during de-domestication. | de-domestication is a unique evolutionary process by which domesticated crops are converted into 'wild predecessor like' forms. weedy rice (oryza sativa f. spontanea) is an excellent model to dissect the molecular processes underlying de-domestication. here, we analyse the genomes of 155 weedy and 76 locally cultivated rice accessions from four representative regions in china that were sequenced to an average 18.2 × coverage. phylogenetic and demographic analyses indicate that chinese weedy rice ... | 2017 | 28537247 |
| does arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus affect cadmium uptake and chemical forms in rice at different growth stages? | effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) - rhizophagus intraradices (a mix of root pieces, mycelium pieces and spores) on the temporal variation of cd uptake and chemical forms in rice at four growth periods (tillering, jointing, flowering, and ripening stages) were investigated in soil added with 0, 2 and 10mgcdkg-1. results showed that the interactions amongst rice growth stages, soil cd concentrations and mycorrhizal inoculation had significant effects (p˂0.001) on root biomass, str ... | 2017 | 28531965 |
| accumulation, translocation and conversion of six arsenic species in rice plants grown near a mine impacted city. | paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) as the staple food in china was found to be efficient in accumulating arsenic (as) due to cultivated in flooded paddy soil. uptake and translocation of as in rice plant depended on the as species. in this work, rice plant samples including roots, straws and grains as well as rhizosphere soils were collected from paddy fields near changsha, a mine impacted city in southern china. the total as concentrations in the collected samples were observed in the descending orde ... | 2017 | 28531558 |
| rna-seq analysis of gene expression for floral development in crested wheatgrass (agropyron cristatum l.). | crested wheatgrass [agropyron cristatum l. (gaertn.)] is widely used for early spring grazing in western canada and the development of late maturing cultivars which maintain forage quality for a longer period is desired. however, it is difficult to manipulate the timing of floral transition, as little is known about molecular mechanism of plant maturity in this species. in this study, rna-seq and differential gene expression analysis were performed to investigate gene expression for floral initi ... | 2017 | 28531235 |
| influence of amendments on cd and zn uptake and accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) in contaminated soil. | cadmium is a toxic metallic element that poses serious human health risks via consumption of contaminated agricultural products. the effect of mixtures of dicalcium phosphate and organic amendments, namely cow manure (md) and leonardite (ld), on cd and zn uptake of three rice cultivars (kdml105, kd53, and psl2) was examined in mesocosm experiments. plant growth, cd and zn accumulation, and physicochemical properties of the test soils were investigated before and after plant harvest. amendment ap ... | 2017 | 28528502 |