| membrane disorganization induced by perfringolysin o (theta-toxin) of clostridium perfringens--effect of toxin binding and self-assembly on liposomes. | theta-toxin (perfringolysin o) of clostridium perfringens binds to membrane cholesterol with high (kd approximately 10(-9) m) and low (kd approximately 10(-7) m) affinities and causes membrane lysis of intact cells and liposomes. in order to understand the lytic process at the molecular level, the lysis of liposomes was investigated in comparison with that of intact cells. the toxin dose required to cause 50% lysis (rd50) of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylglycerol (82:18, mol/mol) liposomes con ... | 1993 | 8241254 |
| immunization and immunotherapy for mastitis. | immunization and immunotherapy for mastitis are active areas of investigation. the past decade has seen development of effective and economical r-mutant vaccines for gram-negative mastitis. these vaccines doubtless will prove beneficial on well managed dairies that have eradicated contagious mastitis pathogens. development of vaccines for other mastitis pathogens has been noticeably slower. a commercially available staphylococcus aureus vaccine appears to reduce the frequency and severity of cli ... | 1993 | 8242458 |
| fatal clostridium perfringens meningitis associated with insertion of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. | | 1993 | 8243491 |
| effect of dietary fish powder on intestinal flora and development of arthritis in the pig. | in 1971 månsson et al. reported that a 20% dry fish powder diet fed to young pigs induced arthritis and increases in faecal clostridium perfringens counts. to confirm this interesting finding we have repeated their experiment by following their regimen as closely as possible. twelve piglets of finnish landrace were divided at 8 weeks of age into two groups according to litter, sex and initial weight. the control group received a cereal-based diet. in the experimental group 20% of cereal in the d ... | 1993 | 8252312 |
| a genetically engineered vaccine against the alpha-toxin of clostridium perfringens protects mice against experimental gas gangrene. | fragments of the alpha-toxin of clostridium perfringens have been produced using genetic manipulation techniques. antibody which cross-reacted with the alpha-toxin was induced after immunization with fragments representing the n- (cpa1-249) and c-terminal (cpa247-370) domains of the toxin. smaller fragments of the alpha-toxin did not induce cross-reacting antibody. anti-cpa1-249 serum neutralized phospholipase c activity but not haemolytic activity of the toxin. anti-cpa247-370 serum neutralized ... | 1993 | 8256506 |
| detection, identification and characterization of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria from retail food products. | forty bacteriocin-producing (bac+) lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated from food samples purchased from retail supermarkets and local farms. of the 40 bac+ isolates, 18 were isolated from 85 food samples by enrichment (21% isolation rate) whereas eight were obtained from 63 samples by direct plating (13% isolation rate). by direct plating, bac+ lab were detected at levels up to 2.4 x 10(5) cfu/g in ready-to-eat meats. the bac+ isolates were identified by carbohydrate fermentation patterns, ... | 1993 | 8257654 |
| [hepatic necrosis caused by clostridium perfringens in a dog]. | a case of acute hepatic necrosis in a dog is clinically and pathologically described. the occurrence of clostridium perfringens in the liver lesions was revealed by histological examination and bacteriological isolation. based on these findings we conclude that clostridium perfringens is the cause of the infarcts. the case is discussed on the base of the literature. | 1993 | 8266050 |
| differential effects of mandevilla velutina compounds on paw oedema induced by phospholipase a2 and phospholipase c. | this study compares the effect of mandevilla velutina compounds with some anti-inflammatory drugs against phospholipase a2- and phospholipase c-induced rat hindpaw oedema. injection of phospholipase a2 (naja naja, 2.5-20 u/paw) and phospholipase c (clostridium perfringens, 0.03-0.05 u/paw) caused a dose-and-time-related increase in paw oedema. compounds mv 8608 (55 mumol/kg) and mv 8612 (32 mumol/kg, i.p.) inhibited phospholipase a2-induced paw oedema without interfering with phospholipase c-ind ... | 1993 | 8276072 |
| purification and characterization of clostridium perfringens 120-kilodalton collagenase and nucleotide sequence of the corresponding gene. | clostridium perfringens type c ncib 10662 produced various gelatinolytic enzymes with molecular masses ranging from approximately 120 to approximately 80 kda. a 120-kda gelatinolytic enzyme was present in the largest quantity in the culture supernatant, and this enzyme was purified to homogeneity on the basis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the purified enzyme was identified as the major collagenase of the organism, and it cleaved typical collagenase substrates such ... | 1994 | 8282691 |
| investigations on the aerobic flora and clostridium perfringens in fecal specimens from free-living and captive capercaillies (tetrao urogallus l., 1758). | 173 fecal specimens from captive capercaillies and 92 fecal specimens from free-living capercaillies were examined bacteriologically. with all specimens the bacteriological examination was limited to the aerobic bacteria which can be isolated by the usual methods and to clostridium perfringens. the occurrence of fungi and parasites was examined as well. the present paper compares the results of these examinations. the identifiable fecal flora of free-living capercaillies consists of few species ... | 1993 | 8284961 |
| spontaneous rupture of the liver. | a case of spontaneous hepatic rupture associated with bacterial cholangiohepatitis, an entity not previously described as an etiologic factor, is reported and the literature reviewed. awareness of the pathophysiology of this process and avoidance of certain procedures are important parts of the surgical armamentarium. | 1993 | 8286177 |
| site-specific labelling of the oligosaccharide chains of antibodies. | this paper presents a new method for site-specific labelling of antibodies employing enzymatic reactions without oxidizing or reducing agents. igg was first treated with immobilized sialidase from clostridium perfringens to cleave bound neuac. cmp-9-deoxy-9-salizoyl-neuac, an activated sialic acid analogue, was labelled with 131i via the iodogen-method in high yields (> 95%). then the oligosaccharide chains of antibodies were labelled yield with the radioactive neuac analogue by transfer using a ... | 1994 | 8287979 |
| evaluation of antimicrobials combined with hyperbaric oxygen in a mouse model of clostridial myonecrosis. | the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (hbo) alone and in combination with several antimicrobial agents was evaluated in a lethal model of gas gangrene in mice. intraperitoneal administration of penicillin, imipenem, clindamycin, or metronidazole immediately followed inoculation of > 10(9) cfu of clostridium perfringens type a in mice. mice treated with hyperbaric oxygen were exposed twice a day to 100% oxygen at 303 kilopascals (kpa) pressure for 90 minutes. the total exposure time to hbo for surviv ... | 1994 | 8295252 |
| regulation of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin-activated phospholipase c in rabbit erythrocyte membranes. | the rapid phosphatidic acid (pa) formation induced by clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin was stimulated by alf4- in rabbit erythrocyte membranes. gtp[gamma s] [guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)] stimulated the rapid 1,2-diacylglycerol formation and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate release induced by the toxin. on the other hand, treatment of erythrocyte lysates with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma) resulted in inhibition of toxin-induced pa production, and long-term pma or 1-(5-isoquinolines ... | 1994 | 8300231 |
| clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis associated with corned beef served at st. patrick's day meals--ohio and virginia, 1993. | clostridium perfringens is a common infectious cause of outbreaks of foodborne illness in the united states, especially outbreaks in which cooked beef is the implicated source. this report describes two outbreaks of c. perfringens gastroenteritis following st. patrick's day meals in ohio and virginia during 1993. | 1994 | 8309462 |
| an unusual form of granular layer necrosis in the cerebellum. | | 1993 | 8316510 |
| biochemical and immunological properties of the c-terminal domain of the alpha-toxin of clostridium perfringens. | the c-terminal domain of the alpha-toxin (cpa247-370) of clostridium perfringens has been expressed in escherichia coli and purified. antiserum raised against cpa247-370 reacted in an identical manner to anti-alpha-toxin serum when used to map epitopes in the c-terminal domain, suggesting that cpa247-370 was immunologically and structurally identical to this region in the alpha-toxin. the isolated cpa247-370 was devoid of sphingomyelinase activity or haemolytic activity and was not cytotoxic for ... | 1993 | 8319893 |
| role of theta toxin, a sulfhydryl-activated cytolysin, in the pathogenesis of clostridial gas gangrene. | clostridial infections cause a wide variety of dramatic infections and intoxications. in each case the major virulence factors are extracellular toxins. clostridium perfringens produces potent exotoxins, which are its major virulence factors. theta toxin, a thiol-activated cytolysin, causes the clear zone of hemolysis around colonies on blood-agar plates, suppresses myocardial contractility ex vivo, and induces shock within 1 to 2 hours in vivo. low concentrations of theta toxin induce priming a ... | 1993 | 8324118 |
| susceptibility testing of anaerobes with etest. | | 1993 | 8324149 |
| patterns of susceptibility to fluoroquinolones among anaerobic bacterial isolates in the united states. | the activity of the fluoroquinolone antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria has generally been moderate to poor. nalidixic acid and cinoxacin show poor activity against almost all anaerobes. norfloxacin and enoxacin exhibit poor anaerobic activity (mic90, 8- > 256 micrograms/ml) except against clostridium perfringens, bacteroides ureolyticus, and some eubacteria. norfloxacin is slightly more active than enoxacin against some bacteroides species. while ciprofloxacin is more active than earlier flu ... | 1993 | 8324151 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in europe. | twenty-two laboratories in 15 european countries determined the mics of 12 antibiotics for 1,289 isolates of the b. fragilis group by a microdilution method. there was no resistance to metronidazole (breakpoint, 8 mg/l), and only one isolate was found to be resistant to chloramphenicol (breakpoint, 8 mg/l). resistance was uncommon to imipenem (0.3% at concentrations > 4 mg/l), amoxicillin/clavulanate (1% at concentrations > 8 mg/l), cefoxitin (3% at concentrations > 32 mg/l), mezlocillin (6% at ... | 1993 | 8324153 |
| how far should a clinical laboratory go in identifying anaerobic isolates, and who should pay? | identification of anaerobic bacteria in specimens from sites of infection due to mixed organisms can be time-consuming and expensive. laboratories should limit anaerobic workups by testing only those specimens that have been properly collected and transported to the laboratory. use of selective and differential media for initial processing can provide rapid and relevant information to the clinician. anaerobes isolated from normally sterile sites and sites of serious infection should always be co ... | 1993 | 8324163 |
| fatal clostridium perfringens and escherichia coli sepsis following urea-instillation abortion. | intraamniotic instillation of urea is a common mode of legal second-trimester pregnancy termination. associated mortality rarely occurs and is most commonly due to amniotic fluid embolism, pulmonary thromboembolism, infection, hemorrhage, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic). we present the case of an 18-year-old gravida 2, para 1 white woman at 18 weeks' gestation who underwent intraamniotic instillation of hyperosmolar urea and intracervical insertion of laminaria tents; 19 h later ... | 1993 | 8328437 |
| comparison of the azoreductase and nitroreductase from clostridium perfringens. | the purified azoreductase and nitroreductase of clostridium perfringens, which have similar electrophoretic properties, both reacted in a western blot (immunoblot) with a polyclonal antibody raised against the azoreductase. the activity of both enzymes was enhanced by flavin adenine dinucleotide and was inhibited by menadione, o-iodosobenzoic acid, and the antibody against azoreductase. reduction of the azo dye direct blue 15 by the azoreductase was inhibited by nitroaromatic compounds. the appa ... | 1993 | 8328797 |
| reduction of ferric iron by listeria monocytogenes and other species of listeria. | one mechanism by which listeria monocytogenes is thought to obtain iron required for growth is through the extracellular reduction of a ferric iron source to the ferrous form. to better characterize this reductase activity we have developed a simple plate assay that allows detection of colonies of listeria species able to reduce ferric iron. cells are plated on an agar base medium containing a ferric iron source and ethylenediamine dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. colonies are then overlain with soft ... | 1993 | 8330259 |
| gastroenteritis associated with clostridium perfringens type a in black-footed ferrets (mustela nigripes). | | 1993 | 8333113 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and expression of the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin gene in escherichia coli. | a complete copy of the gene (cpe) encoding clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe), an important virulence factor involved in c. perfringens food poisoning and other gastrointestinal illnesses, has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in escherichia coli. the cpe gene was shown to encode a 319-amino-acid polypeptide with a deduced molecular weight of 35,317. there was no consensus sequence for a typical signal peptide present in the 5' region of cpe. cell lysates from recombinant cpe-positive ... | 1993 | 8335373 |
| bacterial phospholipases c. | a variety of pathogenic bacteria produce phospholipases c, and since the discovery in 1944 that a bacterial toxin (clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin) possessed an enzymatic activity, there has been considerable interest in this class of proteins. initial speculation that all phospholipases c would have lethal properties has not been substantiated. most of the characterized enzymes fall into one of four groups of structurally related proteins: the zinc-metallophospholipases c, the sphingomyelin ... | 1993 | 8336671 |
| clostridium perfringens infection of an anterior iliac crest bone graft donor site. a case report. | postoperative infection of elective surgical wounds with clostridium species has been linked to gastrointestinal tract lesions. a 55-year-old man with a history of peptic ulcer disease was treated by open reduction and internal fixation with autogeneic cancellous bone grafting from an anterior iliac crest donor site for nonunion of the clavicle. a mild serosanguinous drainage from the penrose drain site at the iliac crest had ceased on postoperative day 11; the patient complained of pain and a b ... | 1993 | 8339490 |
| enterotoxigenic bacteria in the sudden infant death syndrome. | faecal samples from 123 infants who died with sudden infant death syndrome (sids) and from a comparative group of 52 age-matched babies were analysed for toxigenic bacteria and their toxins. serum samples from the sids infants were also analysed for these toxins. a significantly higher proportion of toxigenic bacteria and their toxins were found in faecal samples of sids babies than in samples from the comparative group. these toxins were also found in serum from the sids babies. clostridium per ... | 1993 | 8345506 |
| clostridium perfringens-escherichia coli shuttle vectors that carry single antibiotic resistance determinants. | two versatile clostridium perfringens-escherichia coli shuttle vectors were constructed. each plasmid carried a single antibiotic resistance gene which was expressed in both organisms. the plasmid pjir750 encoded resistance to chloramphenicol and pjir751 encoded resistance to erythromycin. each plasmid contained the puc18-derived multiple cloning site and the lacz' gene which enabled direct screening for recombinants in e. coli. these plasmids should prove invaluable for the genetic manipulation ... | 1993 | 8356117 |
| inhibition of sialidases from viral, bacterial and mammalian sources by analogues of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid modified at the c-4 position. | the inhibition of sialidase activity from influenza viruses a and b, parainfluenza 2 virus, vibrio cholerae, arthrobacter ureafaciens, clostridium perfringens, and sheep liver by a range of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid analogues modified at the c-4 position has been studied. all substitutions tested resulted in a decrease in the degree of inhibition of the bacterial and mammalian sialidases. for sialidases from influenza viruses a and b, on the other hand, most of the substituti ... | 1993 | 8358225 |
| clostridia-associated enterocolitis in adult horses and foals. | a review of the literature describing clostridia-associated enterocolitis is presented. the bacteria, their toxins, and possible factors that interact to contribute to the pathogenesis of enterocolitis are described. clinical signs associated with clostridia-associated enterocolitis, methods of diagnosis, treatments, and preventive strategies are discussed. | 1993 | 8358653 |
| molecular genetic analysis of beta-toxin of clostridium perfringens reveals sequence homology with alpha-toxin, gamma-toxin, and leukocidin of staphylococcus aureus. | oligonucleotide probes designed on the basis of the n-terminal sequence of clostridium perfringens beta-toxin were used to isolate the encoding gene (cpb). the nucleotide sequence of cpb was determined, and on the basis of dna hybridization experiments it was shown that the gene is found only in type b and c strains of c. perfringens. the deduced amino acid sequence of the beta-toxin revealed homology with the alpha-toxin, gamma-toxin, and leukocidin of staphylococcus aureus. the beta-toxin puri ... | 1993 | 8359918 |
| comparison of the abundance of the fecal sterol coprostanol and fecal bacterial groups in inner-shelf waters and sediments near sydney, australia. | concurrent measurement of the sewage tracer coprostanol and fecal indicator bacteria were made for water and sediments collected in january 1992 from coastal waters off sydney, australia. the coprostanol results were compared with data from an earlier survey conducted in 1989 before the commisioning of sydney's deepwater ocean outfalls in 1990 and 1991. good correlations were observed for both water and sediment samples between coprostanol and the two fecal indicator organisms, fecal coliforms a ... | 1993 | 8360300 |
| [infectious endocarditis of gyneco-obstetric origin. apropos of 15 cases]. | with the object of analyzing current characteristics of post-partum and post-abortum infective endocarditis (ie), authors carried out a retrospective study of 15 cases between september 1985 and may 1992. mean age was 22.2 +/- 4.0 years. origin of sepsis was delivery (1 case), abortion (14 cases). there was no underlying cardiac lesion in 9 cases, rheumatic heart disease in 6 cases. infecting organisms were staphylococcus aureus (n = 6), streptococcus d (n = 3), clostridium perfringens (n = 2). ... | 1993 | 8360446 |
| in vitro susceptibility of clostridium perfringens isolated from farm animals to growth-enhancing antibiotics. | minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) determinations were carried out with seven growth-enhancing antibiotics against 95 clostridium perfringens field isolates obtained during 1991 and 1992 from poultry, pigs and calves. all were resistant to 64 micrograms ml-1 of the bambermycin antibiotic, flavomycin (flavophospholipol) and susceptible to avoparcin (mic90 0.25 micrograms ml-1), avilamycin (mic90 0.5 micrograms ml-1) and salinomycin (mic90 < or = 0.12 micrograms ml-1). acquired resistance agai ... | 1993 | 8365955 |
| [pneumatosis cystoides intestinii]. | pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (pci), a condition involving submucosal or subserosal gas-containing cysts of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, is a rare entity. it is mostly diagnosed between the third and fifth decades of life without a clear sexual predominance. different aetiopathogenetic factors are under discussion, the most probable being a bacteriologic cause (clostridium perfringens) in combination with minimal leaks in the mucosal barrier. there are no pathognomonic symptoms; ... | 1993 | 8366737 |
| clostridium perfringens and somatic coliphages as indicators of the efficiency of drinking water treatment for viruses and protozoan cysts. | to find the most suitable indicator of viral and parasitic contamination of drinking water, large-volume samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of pathogens (cultivable human enteric viruses, giardia lamblia cysts, and cryptosporidium oocysts) and potential indicators (somatic and male-specific coliphages, clostridium perfringens). the samples were obtained from three water treatment plants by using conventional or better treatments (ozonation, biological filtration). all samples o ... | 1993 | 8368831 |
| surgical and postoperative management of two neonates with necrotizing fasciitis. | two neonates who presented with necrotizing fasciitis (nf) secondary to omphalitis were treated by radical excision of the anterior abdominal wall. postoperatively, renal failure in both children was managed by continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (cavh). one child survived; the other died of sepsis. serum lactate levels, which were 10 to 15 times the normal levels in both infants postoperatively, decreased rapidly in the survivor, but never approached normal levels in the infant who died. al ... | 1993 | 8370014 |
| application of polymerase chain reaction for the correlation of salmonella serovars recovered from greyhound feces with their diet. | the polymerase chain reaction was employed to correlate salmonella serovars isolated from fecal material of greyhounds suffering from gastroenteritis with those isolated from the diet fed to the greyhounds prior to onset of diarrhea. kennels around the abilene, kansas, area were contacted and supplied with materials needed to collect a portion of the diet each day. with the onset of diarrhea, the kennels were instructed to ship the fecal material and diet from the previous 10 days to the laborat ... | 1993 | 8373851 |
| investigation of the pathogenesis of massive hemolysis in a case of clostridium perfringens septicemia. | massive hemolysis is a rare, usually fatal complication of clostridium perfringens septicemia. of all toxins produced by the bacterium, phospholipase c (plc) is believed to be the most likely cause of hemolysis. an influence of neuraminidase has often been suspected. in the present study, a case of c. perfringens septicemia with acute massive intravascular hemolysis is described. it led to death within 4 h of admission to the hospital. while the course of events was comparable to previously repo ... | 1993 | 8373904 |
| characterization of tn1546, a tn3-related transposon conferring glycopeptide resistance by synthesis of depsipeptide peptidoglycan precursors in enterococcus faecium bm4147. | sequence determination of the flanking regions of the vancomycin resistance van gene cluster carried by pip816 in enterococcus faecium bm4147 revealed similarity to transposons of the tn3 family. imperfect inverted repeats (36 of 38 bp) delineated a 10,851-bp element designated tn1546. the 4-kb region located upstream from the vanr gene contained two open reading frames (orf) transcribed in opposite directions. the deduced amino acid sequence of orf1 (988 residues) displayed, respectively, 56 an ... | 1993 | 8380148 |
| stimulation of rat liver microsomal cgmp-inhibited camp phosphodiesterase (pde iii) by phospholipase c and d. | the specific activity of cgmp-inhibited camp phosphodiesterase (pde iii) of rat liver microsomal membranes is increased in a concentration-dependent way by adding phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens or phospholipase d from streptomyces chromofuscus. the effect depends on an increase in vmax of the enzyme. treatment of microsomal membranes with phospholipase c causes a marked increase in the relative amounts of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, and mild stimulation of pde iii ... | 1993 | 8381282 |
| is1151, an is-like element of clostridium perfringens. | | 1993 | 8382797 |
| evidence for coupling of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin-induced hemolysis to stimulated phosphatidic acid formation in rabbit erythrocytes. | when rabbit erythrocytes were exposed to low concentrations of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin, hot-cold hemolysis was observed. the toxin induced production of phosphatidic acid (pa) in a dose-dependent manner when incubated with erythrocytes at 37 degrees c. when erythrocyte membranes were incubated with the toxin and [gamma-32p]atp in the presence or absence of ethanol, [32p]pa formation was maximal within 30 s, then sharply decreased, and began again after 5 min of incubation. ethanol ha ... | 1993 | 8395469 |
| evaluation of therapy with hyperbaric oxygen for experimental infection with clostridium perfringens. | the effects of inoculum size and treatment delays on the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (hbo) were evaluated in a murine model of clostridium perfringens myositis in which the infection was treated with an hbo regimen identical to that used for humans. the efficacies of treatment with penicillin, metronidazole, or clindamycin--alone or in combination with hbo--were also assessed. survival was inversely related to the size of the bacterial inoculum used for challenge, and delays in treatment marke ... | 1993 | 8399871 |
| the abnormal faecal flora of clostridium perfringens in rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. | | 1993 | 8402009 |
| faecal clostridium perfringens and antibody responses to its antigens in arthritis patients on and off non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | | 1993 | 8402010 |
| back pain and fever in an elderly patient. | | 1993 | 8404112 |
| effect of hyperbaric oxygen and surgery on experimental multimicrobial gas gangrene. | an experimental multimicrobial gas gangrene rat model was developed and the therapeutic effect of surgery was compared to the combined effect of surgery and hyperbaric oxygen (hbo). the infection was caused by an intramuscular injection of a mixture of bacteria including clostridium perfringens, bacteroides fragilis, escherichia coli and streptococcus faecalis. the mortality, morbidity and wound healing were assessed during a follow-up of 2 weeks. the mortality of the control rats was 60%, with ... | 1993 | 8404985 |
| unusual case. | | 1993 | 8407233 |
| [identification of enterotoxin-producing clostridium perfringens by the polymerase chain reaction]. | polymerase chain reaction was applied to identify enterotoxin-producing clostridium perfringens by amplifying a segment of the c. perfringens enterotoxin gene. all of the four enterotoxin-positive reference strains tested were pcr positive while an enterotoxin-negative strain was pcr positive. all 17 clostridial strains (16 species) other than c. perfringens were pcr negative. with clinical strains isolated from various clinical specimens in japan, korea, and thailand, all three enterotoxin-posi ... | 1993 | 8409580 |
| detection by in vitro amplification of the alpha-toxin (phospholipase c) gene from clostridium perfringens. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with thermostable dna polymerase from thermus aquaticus is described for the specific amplification of the phospholipase c (alpha-toxin) gene of clostridium perfringens. a set of primers selected for their high specificity could detect cl. perfringens in stools with a detection limit of approximately 5 x 10(2) bacteria, after bi-amplification. a modified pcr without thermal steps was performed to rapidly amplify, with a yield of 60%, the dna template. with this ... | 1993 | 8420919 |
| purification, partial characterization and plasmid-linkage of pediocin sj-1, a bacteriocin produced by pediococcus acidilactici. | pediococcus acidilactici sj-1, isolated from a naturally-fermented meat product, produced an antibacterial agent active against selected strains of lactobacillus spp., clostridium perfringens and listeria monocytogenes. the agent was bactericidal against sensitive indicators, and sensitive to proteolytic enzymes; it was identified as a bacteriocin, and was designated as pediocin sj-1. it was stable over a wide ph range (3-9), and apparently most stable in the lower part of that range. at ph 3.6, ... | 1993 | 8420920 |
| comparison of the alpha-toxin genes of clostridium perfringens type a and c strains: evidence for extragenic regulation of transcription. | the clostridium perfringens plc gene encoding phospholipase c (alpha-toxin) was cloned from type c ncib 10662, a strain which produces low levels of phospholipase c activity. the nucleotide sequence of a cloned 3.1-kb hindiii fragment was determined. the same fragment was also cloned from type a nctc 8237, a phospholipase c-overproducing strain. in this case, an open reading frame (orf2) truncated in the previously cloned 2-kb fragment was also sequenced. comparison of the nucleotide sequence be ... | 1993 | 8423073 |
| an immunoassay for the rapid and specific detection of three sialidase-producing clostridia causing gas gangrene. | a rapid and methodologically unusual diagnostic test was developed for the specific detection of clostridium perfringens, c. septicum and c. sordellii, which cause clostridial myonecrosis. sialidases (ec 3.2.1.18) secreted by these bacterial species were bound to polyclonal antibodies raised against the respective enzyme and immobilized onto microtiter plates. the activity of bound sialidase was determined with the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-d-n-acetylneuraminic acid. the a ... | 1993 | 8423355 |
| lipid vesicle fusion induced by phospholipase c activity in model bile. | using a system of phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol vesicles to model the vesicle phase of mammalian bile (1:1 molar ratio) we evaluated whether very small amounts of c. perfringens phospholipase c activity (0.5-6.5 nmol/min per ml) could lead to vesicle fusion, a precursor step for cholesterol precipitation in gallbladder bile. quasielastic light scattering spectroscopy (qls) was used to monitor vesicle growth and aggregation in model bile (0.89 mm total lipid) in the presence of phospholipase c. ... | 1993 | 8429256 |
| [the occurrence and significance of enterotoxin-producing clostridium perfringens strains in the intestinal tract of horses]. | 100 faecal samples from clinically healthy horses of different age groups and feeding habits, 50 samples of faeces from horses suffering from enteropathy accompanied by diarrhoea and small and/or large intestine from 25 horses that had died after an intestinal disease were examined for the presence of clostridium (cl.) perfringens. the frequency with which cl. perfringens was detected was 22% in clinically healthy horses, 32% in horses with diarrhoea and 52% in the dead horses. in two faecal sam ... | 1993 | 8431197 |
| esterase electrophoretic polymorphism of human and animal strains of clostridium perfringens. | esterase electrophoretic polymorphism in human and animal strains of clostridium perfringens was studied by using polyacrylamide-agarose gel electrophoresis. five types of esterases, designated e-i to e-v and defined by their hydrolytic specificities toward five synthetic substrates, were found in protein extracts of bacteria grown without glucose (glucose-containing media allowed only the expression of esterase e-i). mobility variants of esterase e-i, which hydrolyzes alpha- and beta-naphthyl a ... | 1993 | 8434914 |
| freeze-dried mixed cultures as reference samples in quantitative and qualitative microbiological examinations of food. | two simulated food samples in the form of mixtures of bacteria, freeze-dried in small glass vials, were tested for their suitability as reference materials in food microbiology. stability and homogeneity of the samples were assessed during a 1 year period when stored at 2-6 degrees c. samples were examined for aerobic plate counts, coliform counts, staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens, bacillus cereus, enterococci, yeasts and salmonellas. the samples were homogeneous but the number of ... | 1993 | 8444643 |
| spontaneous clostridium perfringens lung abscess unresponsive to penicillin. | clostridial necrotising pneumonia is a rare complication of aspiration, bronchial tumour or foreign body, pulmonary infarction, trauma and debilitating medical conditions. although spontaneous clostridial pneumonia has been reported previously, close scrutiny of those case reports suggests that most of the patients had a recognised predisposing cause. we report a case of true spontaneous clostridium perfringens pneumonia complicated by septic shock, pneumothorax and pulmonary necrosis. the patie ... | 1993 | 8447582 |
| clostridium perfringens septicemia with massive hemolysis. | massive hemolysis and renal failure are rare complications of infection with clostridium perfringens, resulting in a very high mortality rate (70-100%). the severity of the infection depends on the presence of underlying conditions such as malignancies and diabetes mellitus. in patients without underlying disorders, massive hemolysis and anuria have been observed in only eight cases, according to recent reports. this case report describes a 61-year-old man who died of c. perfringens septicemia w ... | 1993 | 8449584 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the nontoxic component of clostridium botulinum type e progenitor toxin. | we have analysed the genes borne on a 6.0 kb hindiii fragment cloned from the chromosome of clostridium botulinum type e strain mashike. this fragment, cloned within plasmid pu9emh, contains part of the structural gene for botulinum toxin type e neurotoxin as well as the entire structural gene for a nontoxic component of botulinum type e progenitor neurotoxin gene, ent-120. ent-120 is transcribed in the same direction as the neurotoxin gene and consists of one open reading frame encoding 1162 am ... | 1993 | 8450310 |
| the projection structure of perfringolysin o (clostridium perfringens theta-toxin). | the cytolysin perfringolysin o was applied to lipid layers and the obtained ring-shaped oligomers analyzed by electron microscopy and image processing. the final result shows the periodic repeat of 2.4 nm along the outer rim of the ring. the asymmetric protein unit, corresponding to one monomer, spans the ring from the convex to the concave surface. it shows a clear protein peak close to the outer radius and less density in the middle of the oligomer. the number of monomers in the average ring i ... | 1993 | 8454043 |
| bioluminescence (lux) expression in the anaerobe clostridium perfringens. | to determine whether bacterial luciferase is expressed in the anaerobe clostridium perfringens to produce an oxygen-requiring bioluminescence reaction, a suitable plasmid vector possessing the luxa and luxb genes of vibrio fischeri was constructed and introduced into c. perfringens cells. luxab were placed under the transcriptional control of the c. perfringens alpha-toxin gene promoter region. suitable ribosome binding sites were introduced upstream of both genes. bioluminescence was strongly e ... | 1993 | 8454191 |
| targeting of gm2-bearing tumor cells with the cytolytic clostridium perfringens delta toxin. | the cytolytic clostridium perfringens delta toxin lyses selectively cells which express ganglioside gm2. in this study, we investigated whether delta toxin can be used to characterize gm2 on tumor cell membranes and as an antitumor agent. the sensitivity to lysis by delta toxin of various murine and human malignant cell lines and also normal tissues was quantified using a 51cr-release assay. the cytotoxicity titers were correlated with the 125i-labeled toxin binding capacity of sensitive and ins ... | 1993 | 8457717 |
| a 48 kilodalton enterotoxin-related protein from clostridium perfringens vegetative and sporulating cells. | sporulating and vegetative cell extracts of enterotoxin-positive and enterotoxin-negative strains of clostridium perfringens were examined by western blotting using enterotoxin antiserum. a 48-kda enterotoxin-related protein was found in vegetative and sporulating cell extracts of both toxin types. the results question previous reports about the ability of vegetative cells and presumptive enterotoxin-negative strains of this organism to produce enterotoxin, a protein with a molecular weight of 3 ... | 1993 | 8466807 |
| clostridial enteritis in red lories (eos bornea). | | 1993 | 8466969 |
| ["iatrogenic" fatal gas gangrene infection]. | the problems associated with lethal gas gangrene infections that arise in connection with medical treatment are described and discussed, based on our own observations and on cases reported in the literature. special emphasis is placed on questions relating to causality and responsibility. the difficulties encountered in the evaluation of such "iatrogenic" gas gangrene infections are due to the fact that clostridia occur ubiquitously, i.e. that they also reside in the human organism, for instance ... | 1993 | 8469654 |
| clostridium perfringens in the immunocomprised. | | 1993 | 8472502 |
| effect of various digestive enzymes on the interaction of toxoplasma gondii with macrophages. | the participation of resident, elicited, and activated macrophage surface components during internalization of tachyzoites of toxoplasma gondii was analyzed using neuraminidase, phospholipase c, trypsin, protease, and hyaluronidase. treatment of these macrophages with neuraminidase from vibrio cholerae, phospholipase c from bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens, protease, and hyaluronidase prior to their interaction with parasites increased the penetration of host cells by t. gondii. incub ... | 1993 | 8475028 |
| bacterial-induced activation of erythrocyte t-antigen complicating necrotising enterocolitis: a case report. | erythrocyte thomsen-friedenreich crypt antigen (t-antigen) activation is not an uncommon event in infants with severe necrotising enterocolitis (nec). transfusion of these infants with blood products containing plasma carries the risk of causing intravascular haemolysis. t-antigen activation is easily detected using a rapid simple lectin agglutination test. early recognition of t-antigen activation ensures the correct choice of plasma free transfusion therapy. we describe an infant with severe n ... | 1993 | 8482283 |
| adp-ribosylation of drosophila indirect-flight-muscle actin and arthrin by clostridium botulinum c2 toxin and clostridium perfringens iota toxin. | purified drosophila indirect-flight-muscle actin and arthrin, an actin-ubiquitin conjugate, were adp-ribosylated by clostridium botulinum c2 toxin and clostridium perfringens iota toxin. phalloidin treatment inhibited the adp-ribosylation of drosophila actin and arthrin. like actin, the adp-ribose-arthrin linkage was sensitive towards hydroxylamine treatment, indicating arginine as the amino acid acceptor. actin translated in vitro from the indirect-flight-muscle-specific gene act88f was adp-rib ... | 1993 | 8484722 |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha potentiates phospholipase a2-stimulated release and metabolism of arachidonic acid in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (int 407). | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), a known pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) by mediating damage to the intestinal epithelial cells. the present study demonstrates that tnf-alpha potentiates release and metabolism of 14c-labeled arachidonic acid (14c-aa) in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (int 407). although tnf-alpha on its own was but a weak stimulator of cellular 14c-aa turnover, it significantly pot ... | 1993 | 8488366 |
| clostridium perfringens emphysematous cystitis. | emphysematous cystitis is a rare disease and is usually caused by aerobic bacteria, most commonly escherichia coli. only rarely have anaerobic bacteria been associated with this condition. we report a case of emphysematous cystitis due to clostridium perfringens with bacteremia in an elderly diabetic woman. | 1993 | 8488615 |
| binding to dna, cellular uptake and biological activity of a distamycin-ellipticine hybrid molecule. | a hybrid molecule which conjugates the minor groove binding agent distamycin and an ellipticine derivative was synthesized and evaluated for cytostatic and cytotoxic activities against l1210 leukaemia cells in vitro. the binding of the hybrid molecule, named 'distel', to a range of natural dnas and synthetic polynucleotides with different base pair arrangements was studied by electric linear dichroism. the interaction with dna simultaneously implicates binding of the distamycin part in the minor ... | 1993 | 8494604 |
| identification of the product of tetp gene: a possible mechanistic basis for tetracycline resistance in clostridium perfringens. | using cloning and in vitro protein synthesis we identified the polypeptide product of the tetp gene of clostridium perfringens which is responsible for conferring resistance to tetracycline. two ecori fragments invariably share the resistance determinant in all of the clostridium perfringens isolates that we studied. likewise, two proteins of 10 and 20 kda were found to be conserved in all of the recombinant clones. the 10 kda protein appears to be responsible for the constitution of the express ... | 1993 | 8500776 |
| [findings in goats at necropsy]. | an overview is given of the results of diagnostic investigations into the cause of death of 463 goats performed by the animal health service of west and middle netherlands during the period 1 january 1986 to 31 december 1991. the results are discussed and analysed with regard to the age of the animals, the anamnesis, and the abnormalities found at post-mortem examination and with regard to the results of further parasitological, bacteriological, and virological investigations. enterotoxaemia cau ... | 1993 | 8511755 |
| effect of lactosucrose (4g-beta-d-galactosylsucrose) on fecal flora and fecal putrefactive products of cats. | the effects of lactosucrose (4g-beta-d-galactosylsucrose) on fecal flora and fecal putrefactive products were studied in 3 himalayan and 5 persian cats fed 175 mg of lactosucrose/each/day for 2 weeks. during lactosucrose administration, the counts of lactobacilli increased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas the counts of clostridia, including clostridium perfringens and enterobacteriaceace decreased significantly (p < 0.05). the levels of fusobacteria and staphylococci were decreased significantl ... | 1993 | 8513012 |
| in vitro activity of fk037, a new parenteral cephalosporin, against anaerobic bacteria. | the activity of fk037, a new parenteral cephalosporin, was compared with those of cefpirome, ceftazidime, and flomoxef against 322 recent clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria. a fastidious facultative anaerobe, gardnerella vaginalis, was also studied. fk037 inhibited 90% of isolates of peptostreptococcus anaerobius, peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus, clostridium perfringens, mobiluncus spp., g. vaginalis, and porphyromonas gingivalis at < or = 0.78 micrograms/ml. the mics of fk037 for 50 an ... | 1993 | 8517721 |
| phylogenetic analysis of phospholipase c genes from clostridium perfringens types a to e and clostridium novyi. | the phylogenetic interrelationships between strains of 5 toxin types (a to e) of clostridium perfringens were examined by analysis of differences in the nucleotide sequences of phospholipase c genes (plc genes) among 10 strains, including 3 strains for which the plc gene sequences have been previously reported. a plc gene was also cloned from a clostridium novyi type a strain and sequenced to analyze the interspecies diversity of plc genes. phylogenetic trees constructed by the neighbor-joining ... | 1995 | 8522524 |
| an outbreak of diarrhoea associated with atypical rotaviruses in goat kids. | the presence of rotaviruses was investigated in the faeces of 31 goat kids in a dairy herd that experienced an outbreak of severe diarrhoea which caused dehydration, anorexia and prostration in seven (22.6 per cent) of them. all the affected animals were two to three days old. a group a-specific elisa failed to detect rotaviruses in any of the samples but the characteristics electropherotype of group b rotaviruses was observed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels in six of the animals. a hi ... | 1995 | 8525112 |
| [the experimental validation of methods for the emergency immunoprophylaxis of gas gangrene]. | the effectiveness, both immunological (by an increase in the titers of antitoxins) and protective (by resistance to the inoculation of the absolute lethal dose of infective agents), of the regional (wound) revaccination with tetratoxoid (clostridium perfringens, c. oedematiens, c. septicum, c. histolyticum) was demonstrated on the experimental model of wound infection (gas gangrene) of guinea pigs. the schedule of rapid immunization with tetratoxoid was developed, which made it possible to creat ... | 1995 | 8525744 |
| [a case of fournier's gangrene with a fulminant course and fatal outcome]. | | 1994 | 8531431 |
| clostridium perfringens keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty. | | 1995 | 8534454 |
| small cytoplasmic rna (scrna) gene from clostridium perfringens can replace the gene for the bacillus subtilis scrna in both growth and sporulation. | small cytoplasmic rna (scrna) is a member of an evolutionarily conserved signal-recognition-particle-like rna family. using a dna fragment of bacillus subtilis scrna gene as a probe, we cloned and characterized a clostridium perfringens gene encoding the scrna. mapping the 5' and 3' ends of scrna revealed that c. perfringens scrna consists of 269 nucleotides: the sequence has about 70% primary sequence homology with b. subtilis scrna. the predicted secondary structure appeared to be similar to t ... | 1995 | 8535524 |
| clostridium perfringens spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. | | 1995 | 8540881 |
| lymphocyte reactivity to clostridium perfringens antigens and toxoid in patients with arthritis. | | 1995 | 8542216 |
| [the use of a cell immobilization technic for the continuous cultivation of toxin-forming anaerobes]. | | 1995 | 8553730 |
| purification, characterization, and primary structure of clostridium perfringens lambda-toxin, a thermolysin-like metalloprotease. | the lambda-toxin of clostridium perfringens type b ncib10691 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by size exclusion, anion-exchange, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the purified toxin had an apparent molecular mass of 36 kda, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the toxin possessed casein-hydrolyzing activity, which was inhibited specifically by metal chelators, indicating that the toxin is a metalloprotease. the gene encodin ... | 1996 | 8557345 |
| phospholipase c and perfringolysin o from clostridium perfringens upregulate endothelial cell-leukocyte adherence molecule 1 and intercellular leukocyte adherence molecule 1 expression and induce interleukin-8 synthesis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (plc) and perfringolysin o (pfo) differentially induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell expression and synthesis of endothelial cell-leukocyte adherence molecule-1 (elam-1), intracellular leukocyte adherence molecule-1 (icam-1), and interleukin-8 (il-8). plc strongly induced expression of elam-1, icam-1, and il-8, while pfo stimulated early icam-1 expression but did not promote elam-1 expression or il-8 synthesis. plc caused human umbilical vein endo ... | 1996 | 8557365 |
| relationship of sex, age, and concurrent intestinal disease to necrotic enteritis in turkeys. | a retrospective case-control study of necrotic enteritis in turkeys was done. male flocks were involved in a significantly greater proportion of necrotic enteritis cases compared with control cases. necrotic enteritis cases occurred most frequently between 6 and 11 weeks of age. within this age range, the probability of a necrotic enteritis case having a concurrent intestinal disease diagnosis was significantly higher than the probability in control cases. coccidiosis was the most frequently dia ... | 1995 | 8561746 |
| diversity in the properties of two sialidase isoenzymes produced by clostridium perfringens spp. | clostridium perfringens produces two sialidases, one of which has a molecular mass of 71 kda and is secreted, while the 'small', 43 kda isoenzyme remains in the cells. the secreted, higher molecular mass sialidases of two different clostridial strains, dsm756t and a99, exhibit maximum activity at ph 5.5 and at 51 or 55 degrees c, respectively. the molecular mass of both enzymes is 71 kda in sds-page and 63 kda as determined by gel-filtration, which indicates the absence of subunits. natural sial ... | 1995 | 8561916 |
| transcriptional analysis of the beta-galactosidase gene (pbg) in clostridium perfringens. | the mode of expression of the beta-galactosidase gene (pbg) of clostridium perfringens was examined. the pbg gene was transcribed on a single 3.7-kb mrna. the transcript contained a message for orf54, located upstream of the pbg gene in the chromosome, indicating that orf54 and the pbg gene comprise one operon (pbg operon). expression of the pbg operon was induced by lactose at the transcriptional level. the promoter structure of the pbg operon was characterized by many palindrome structures and ... | 1995 | 8566714 |
| [clostridium perfringens septicemia associated with foodborne toxic infection and abortion]. | a 32-year-old pregnant woman with poor life and hygiene conditions presented with premature labour, fever and diarrhoea. after admission she gave birth to a stillborn child. the examination revealed a septicaemia with massive haemolysis and renal failure. six blood cultures obtained on admission yielded clostridium perfringens. the outcome was favourable after an adapted antibiomicrobial therapy. this case illustrates the potential severity of clostridium perfringens foodborne toxi-infection whi ... | 1995 | 8572393 |
| continuous spectrophotometric assay of conjugated bile acid hydrolase. | conjugated bile acid hydrolase (cbah) refers to a class of enzymes which catalyze the cleavage of the amino acid moieties from conjugated bile acids. these enzymes are significant because of their role in providing substrates for further microbial metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. they also are used in research laboratories for the deconjugation of bile acids prior to structural analyses. a continuous spectrophotometric assay for cbah activity was developed using a conjugate of cholic ac ... | 1995 | 8577231 |
| growth conditions influence expression of cell surface hydrophobicity of staphylococci and other wound infection pathogens. | the initial adhesion of microbes to tissue and solid surfaces can be mediated by hydrophobic interaction. expression of microbial cell surface hydrophobicity (csh) is influenced by growth conditions, and often best expressed after growth under nutrient-poor conditions, or "starvation". in the present study, the csh of 133 strains of enterobacteriaceae, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, enterococcus faecalis, group a streptococcus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, clostridium perfri ... | 1995 | 8577265 |
| isolation, and virulence profiles, of aeromonas hydrophila implicated in an outbreak of food poisoning in sweden. | a case of food poisoning outbreak involving aeromonas hydrophila is reported in this study. a group of 27 people consumed a typical swedish food "landgång" which is a type of smörgåsbord containing shrimps with mayonnaise, liver paté, ham, sausage, and legume salad which was purchased from a food store. twenty-two of the 27 persons became ill within 20-34 hr of consumption of the food and reported the symptoms ranging from severe acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, fever and vomiting. one ... | 1995 | 8577278 |
| sequence analysis of flanking regions of the pfoa gene of clostridium perfringens: beta-galactosidase gene (pbg) is located in the 3'-flanking region. | the 3'-flanking region of the perfringolysin o (theta-toxin) gene (pfoa) of clostridium perfringens was analyzed by chromosome walking. a total of 5,363 bp of the downstream region of the pfoa gene was sequenced and four open reading frames were found. orf54 and orf80 were found to be homologous to genes coding for membrane-bound transporter proteins of other bacteria and the beta-galactosidase gene (bgab) of bacillus stearothermophilus, respectively. orf80 was named the pbg gene. clones which s ... | 1995 | 8577281 |