| h-ns, the genome sentinel. | two recent reports have indicated that the h-ns protein in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has a key role in selectively silencing the transcription of large numbers of horizontally acquired at-rich genes, including those that make up its major pathogenicity islands. broadly similar conclusions have emerged from a study of h-ns binding to dna in escherichia coli. how do these findings affect our view of h-ns and its ability to influence bacterial evolution? | 2007 | 17191074 |
| facile approach for constructing tev insertions to probe protein structure in vivo. | the tobacco etch virus (tev) protease has been used as a tool to examine protein structure in vivo. tev cleavage sites (tevcs) have been introduced via cloning into unique restriction sites or random transposon mutagenesis. we describe a facile, efficient method for introducing tevcs at precise locations in a gene to test specific predictions about protein structure. the method uses the lamda red recombination system to construct seamless, in-frame insertions of the tevcs at any desired location ... | 2006 | 17191617 |
| the effect of the salmonella genomic island 1 on in vitro global gene expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2. | a salmonella genomic island 1 (sgi1) isogenic strain pair was constructed using salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 (st lt2). real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase pcr revealed detectable mrna transcripts for all 44 putative orfs encoded within the sgi1. the highest levels of transcripts observed in sgi1 encoded orfs were found in genes conferring antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin/spectinomycin, and sulphonamides. abundant mrna transcripts, relative to gapa, were a ... | 2007 | 17194608 |
| the beta-defensin gallinacin-6 is expressed in the chicken digestive tract and has antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens. | food-borne pathogens are responsible for most cases of food poisoning in developed countries and are often associated with poultry products, including chicken. little is known about the role of beta-defensins in the chicken digestive tract and their efficacy. in this study, the expression of chicken beta-defensin gallinacin-6 (gal-6) and its antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens were investigated. reverse transcription-pcr analysis showed high expression of gal-6 mrna in the esopha ... | 2007 | 17194828 |
| pronounced susceptibility to infection by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in mice chronically exposed to lead correlates with a shift to th2-type immune responses. | persistent exposure to inorganic lead (pb) is known to adversely affect the immune system. in the present study, we assessed the effect of chronic pb exposure on susceptibility to infection by the facultative intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. mice were exposed to 10 mm pb-acetate in drinking water for approximately 16 weeks, resulting in a significant level of pb in the blood (106.2+/-8.9 microg/dl). pb exposure rendered mice susceptible to salmonella infection, man ... | 2007 | 17196234 |
| engineering of the pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass in saccharomyces cerevisiae for high-level production of isoprenoids. | amorphadiene, a sesquiterpene precursor to the anti-malarial drug artemisinin, is synthesized by the cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate (fpp). saccharomyces cerevisiae produces fpp through the mevalonate pathway using acetyl-coa as a starting compound. in order to enhance the supply of acetyl-coa to the mevalonate pathway and achieve high-level production of amorphadiene, we engineered the pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass in s. cerevisiae. overproduction of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and introdu ... | 2007 | 17196416 |
| enhanced resistance to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in mice after coumarin treatment. | coumarin and its derivatives are naturally occurring substances with multiple biological activities. here we demonstrate that prophylactic peroral administration of coumarin or 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-ohc) enhances resistance to subsequent lethal salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in mice. 7-ohc decreased bacterial load in liver and spleen, and enhanced phagocytosis and bacterial killing by macrophages when applied in vitro and in vivo. 7-ohc treatment induced significant no release ... | 2007 | 17196418 |
| characterization and role of peptidase n from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | atp-independent peptidases are important during the distal steps of cytosolic protein degradation. the contribution of a member of this group, peptidase n (pepn) was studied in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium). the deltapepn strain displays greatly reduced cleavage of 9 out of a total of 13 exopeptidase substrates, demonstrating a significant contribution of pepn to cytosolic aminopeptidase activity. the cleavage profile of purified s. typhimurium pepn is arg>ala> ... | 2007 | 17196937 |
| survival and recovery of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 at low temperature and water activity in a broth system. | this study investigated the survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 in a broth system under conditions of low temperature (4 degrees c) and low water activity (aw, 0.92 to 0.96). incubation under these conditions resulted in significant reductions in the viability of stationary phase cells, determined by direct plating on selective xld medium. reductions in viable numbers were related to injury associated with initial osmotic shock (hyperosmosis) and further injury associated w ... | 2006 | 17199519 |
| plasmid profiles and randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis strains from outbreaks and sporadic cases in turkey. | the aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of salmonella serotype enteritidis strains isolated from outbreaks and sporadic cases in turkey by plasmid profiles and randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) patterns. a total of 64 s. enteritidis clinical strains were selected from the culture collection of the enterobacteria laboratory of ankara university medical school department of microbiology and clinical microbiology for molecular analysis using the plasmid profiles and rapd ... | 2006 | 17201091 |
| growth of salmonella enterica in model mixed cultures during a two-step enrichment. | growth of salmonella enterica was studied in model mixed cultures with citrobacter freundii or escherichia coli in buffered peptone water (bpw) and in rappaport-vassiliadis medium with soya (rvs) with modified concentrations of mgcl2 and malachite green, and at modified incubation temperatures. selected s. enterica strains were inoculated in bpw (10(0) cfu/ml) together with selected strains of citrobacter freundii (up to 10(8) cfu/ml) or selected strains of escherichia coli (up to 10(8) cfu/ml), ... | 2006 | 17201092 |
| efficient dna packaging of bacteriophage prd1 requires the unique vertex protein p6. | the assembly of bacteriophage prd1 proceeds via formation of empty procapsids containing an internal lipid membrane, into which the linear double-stranded dna genome is subsequently packaged. the packaging atpase p9 and other putative packaging proteins have been shown to be located at a unique vertex of the prd1 capsid. here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a suppressor-sensitive prd1 mutant deficient in the unique vertex protein p6. protein p6 was found to be an essential par ... | 2007 | 17202207 |
| effects of feeding salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium or serovar choleraesuis on growth performance and circulating insulin-like growth factor-i, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta in weaned pigs. | the most common salmonella serovars causing clinical disease in pigs are salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium (typhimurium) and choleraesuis. given that the swine host-adapted serovar choleraesuis has been reported to cause systemic disease, a different disease outcome from that of typhimurium, our working hypothesis was that this serovar would likely engage systemic immune-inflammatory mechanisms, resulting in elevated systemic cytokine secretion. forty-eight weaned pigs were blocked by bw ... | 2007 | 17202395 |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium associated with pet rodents. | an estimated 1.4 million salmonella infections occur annually in the united states. the majority of these infections are foodborne, but many are acquired by contact with animals. in august 2004, isolates of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, which were indistinguishable from one another by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), were obtained from eight hamsters from a minnesota pet distributor. we conducted an investigation to determine whether human cases of salmonella could be linked ... | 2007 | 17202452 |
| outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype manhattan infection associated with meat products, france, 2005. | between august 2005 and march 2006 in france, 69 cases of salmonella enterica serotype manhattan (salmonella manhattan) were reported, 51 (74%) of them from southeastern france. at the time of the alert (november 2005), 13 cases and 33 controls were interviewed. cases were more likely than controls to have eaten pork sausages (or=5.9, confidence interval ci [1.3; 26.9]) and beef (or=9.3, ci [1.3; 68.6]). at the same time, 19 strains of salmonella manhattan isolated from meat products in southeas ... | 2006 | 17206024 |
| adaptation to the host environment: regulation of the spi1 type iii secretion system in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella enterica invades the intestinal epithelium of the host using a type iii secretion system encoded on salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1). the bacteria integrate environmental signals from a variety of global regulatory systems to precisely induce transcription of spi1. the regulatory circuit converges on expression of hila, which directly regulates transcription of the spi1 apparatus genes. transcription of hila is controlled by a complex feed-forward loop. regulatory signals feed ... | 2007 | 17208038 |
| mlst-v, multilocus sequence typing based on virulence genes, for molecular typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is one of the main causative agents of food-borne disease in man, and can also be the cause of serious systemic illness. organisms belonging to this genus have traditionally been classified on the basis of the antigenic properties of the cell-surface lipopolysaccharide and of the phase 1 and phase 2 flagellar proteins. primary isolation, biochemical identification, and serotyping are laborious and time consuming. molecular identification based on suitable mark ... | 2007 | 17208323 |
| cadc has a global translational effect during acid adaptation in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, the membrane-localized cadc is a transcriptional activator of the cadba operon, which contributes to the acid tolerance response. unlike in escherichia coli, in which transcription of cadc is constitutive, in s. enterica serovar typhimurium cadc expression is induced by low ph and lysine. inactivation of cadc suppresses the acid-sensitive phenotype of a cada mutation, suggesting the existence of other cadc-dependent genes in addition to the cadba opero ... | 2007 | 17209022 |
| reassessment of the late steps of coenzyme b12 synthesis in salmonella enterica: evidence that dephosphorylation of adenosylcobalamin-5'-phosphate by the cobc phosphatase is the last step of the pathway. | we report that cobc strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium are impaired in the ability to salvage cobyric acid (cby), a de novo corrin ring biosynthetic intermediate, under aerobic growth conditions. in vivo and in vitro evidence support the conclusion that this new phenotype of cobc strains is due to the inability of serovar typhimurium to dephosphorylate adenosylcobalamin-5'-phosphate (adocbl-5'-p), the product of the condensation of alpha-ribazole-5'-phosphate (alpha-rp) and adeno ... | 2007 | 17209023 |
| a capillary polymerase chain reaction for salmonella detection from poultry meat. | in this study, a capillary polymerase chain reaction (cpcr) was applied for salmonella detection from poultry meat. | 2007 | 17209810 |
| substrate competition studies using whole-cell accumulation assays with the major tripartite multidrug efflux pumps of escherichia coli. | acrab-tolc is the major, constitutively expressed tripartite multidrug efflux system in escherichia coli that recognizes various structurally unrelated molecules, including many antibiotics, dyes, and steroids. the acrb inner membrane pump portion of the efflux system has been shown in recent structural studies to bind substrates at multiple sites, suggesting that particular substrate "sets" may compete for efflux by interfering with a certain binding site(s). however, our data indicate that the ... | 2007 | 17210767 |
| ribotyping of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from papua new guinea over the period 1977 to 1996. | the prevalence of typhoid in the papua new guinea (png) highlands region increased rapidly in the mid-1980s, and now remains endemic. in this study ribotyping has been used to examine the number and types of salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains present during the 1977-1996 period. the ribotyping banding pattern results were based on cla i and eco rv digests. the 57 png isolates were divided into 11 different ribotypes. comparison of ribotypes using coefficient of similarity values revealed ... | 2005 | 17212062 |
| fluoroquinolone resistance among salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a in pondicherry. | | 2006 | 17213529 |
| molecular typing by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) and detection of virulence genes of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum is the causative agent of fowl typhoid in chickens, outbreaks of which have devastated poultry populations in korea since 1992. in order to identify genetic differences among s. gallinarum isolates, bacteria were examined using the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method. of 13 arbitrary primers screened initially, the primer designated as universal rice primer-6 (urp-6) was selected for subsequent typing assays ... | 2006 | 17213701 |
| optimizing typhoid fever case definitions by combining serological tests in a large population study in hechi city, china. | blood culture-based diagnosis can only detect a fraction of the total burden of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi. the objective of the study was to detect additional typhoid fever cases through serological tests. a total of 1732 prolonged fever episodes were evaluated using three serological tests, widal, tubex and typhidot-m in a typhoid fever endemic area of southern china. a case definition which included a positive widal test (to>or=80 & th>a), a positive tubex test (>or=4) ... | 2007 | 17217551 |
| characterization of a simple bacterial consortium for effective treatment of wastewaters with reactive dyes and cr(vi). | a microbial consortia consisting of three bacteria isolated from tanning and textile wastewaters revealed high capacity to simultaneously bioaccumulate dye and cr(vi). the identity of the bacteria were determined by 16s rrna gene analysis to be closely related to ochrobactrium sp., salmonella enterica and pseudomonas aeruginosa. dependence of initial ph values and range of concentrations of the dye reactive black b (33.2-103.1 mg l(-1)) and cr(vi) (19.9-127.6 mg l(-1)) were examined to find the ... | 2007 | 17217991 |
| fnr is a global regulator of virulence and anaerobic metabolism in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (atcc 14028s). | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium must successfully transition the broad fluctuations in oxygen concentrations encountered in the host. in escherichia coli, fnr is one of the main regulatory proteins involved in o2 sensing. to assess the role of fnr in serovar typhimurium, we constructed an isogenic fnr mutant in the virulent wild-type strain (atcc 14028s) and compared their transcriptional profiles and pathogenicities in mice. here, we report that, under anaerobic conditions, 311 genes (6 ... | 2007 | 17220229 |
| detection of vibrio cholerae by real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. | a multitarget molecular beacon-based real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) assay for the specific detection of vibrio cholerae has been developed. the genes encoding the cholera toxin (ctxa), the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpa; colonization factor), the ctxa toxin regulator (toxr), hemolysin (hlya), and the 60-kda chaperonin product (groel) were selected as target sequences for detection. the beacons for the five different genetic targets were evaluated by serial dilution of ... | 2007 | 17220262 |
| siie is secreted by the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium pathogenicity island 4-encoded secretion system and contributes to intestinal colonization in cattle. | here we report that salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium pathogenicity island 4 carries a type i secretion system (siicdf) which secretes an approximately 600-kda protein (encoded by siie). siie is surface expressed, and its production is regulated by hila. siie and siif influence colonization in cattle and the invasion of bovine enterocytes. | 2007 | 17220313 |
| evaluation of a modified single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (se-aflp) technique for subtyping salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis is not readily subtyped beyond the level of phage type (pt). pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is generally acknowledged to be the most discriminating typing method for salmonella, but only a restricted variety of pfge types has been described for s. enterica serotype enteritidis. in the present study, a modification of the se-aflp typing method was used to investigate both outbreak and apparently sporadic isolates of s. enterica ser ... | 2007 | 17224257 |
| antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoidal salmonella from food sources in colombia: evidence for an unusual plasmid-localized class 1 integron in serotypes typhimurium and anatum. | seventy-two isolates representing 18 serotypes recovered from various food samples collected in colombia were tested for antimicrobial susceptibilities. the collection was further characterized for extended-spectrum cephalosporin, aminoglycoside, and tetracycline resistance markers. multidrug resistant (mdr) isolates were further investigated for class 1 integrons and were evaluated for the presence of conjugative plasmids along with a determination of the incompatibility group by polymerase cha ... | 2006 | 17227213 |
| inactivation of ppk differentially affects virulence and disrupts atp homeostasis in salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and gallinarum. | polyphosphate is involved in resistance to stress in a number of bacterial species; however, its role in the virulence of salmonella enterica serovars which differ in their host range has not been described. we examined the role of polyphosphate kinase in infection, growth and survival of s. typhimurium (broad-host range) and s. gallinarum (avian-adapted). we also used ppk mutants to assess the downstream effects on intracellular atp levels. ppk mutants had significantly (p<0.05) elevated atp in ... | 2007 | 17227702 |
| targeted protein degradation by salmonella under phagosome-mimicking culture conditions investigated using comparative peptidomics. | the pathogen salmonella enterica is known to cause both food poisoning and typhoid fever. because of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant isolates and the threat of bioterrorism (e.g. contamination of the food supply), there is a growing need to study this bacterium. in this investigation, comparative peptidomics was used to study s. enterica serovar typhimurium cultured in either a rich medium or in an acidic, low magnesium, and minimal nutrient medium designed to roughly mimic the macrophage ... | 2007 | 17228056 |
| specificity of catecholamine-induced growth in escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica and yersinia enterocolitica. | the present study demonstrates that catecholamine responsiveness in yersinia enterocolitica, a bacterial pathogen whose infectious spectrum is principally limited to the gut, is limited to norepinephrine and dopamine, and not epinephrine; this behavior contrasts with observations for two pathogens with a wider extra-gastrointestinal spectrum, escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica, which respond to all three catecholamines. epinephrine showed lower potency than norepinephrine and dopam ... | 2007 | 17229058 |
| acid ph activation of the pmra/pmrb two-component regulatory system of salmonella enterica. | acid ph often triggers changes in gene expression. however, little is known about the identity of the gene products that sense fluctuations in extracytoplasmic ph. the gram-negative pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium experiences a number of acidic environments both inside and outside animal hosts. growth in mild acid (ph 5.8) promotes transcription of genes activated by the response regulator pmra, but the signalling pathway(s) that mediates this response has thus far remained unex ... | 2007 | 17229213 |
| the growth advantage in stationary-phase (gasp) phenomenon in mixed cultures of enterobacteria. | growth advantage in stationary phase (gasp) is the term used to describe the ability of mutants with an increased fitness from 10-day-old enterobacteria culture to out-compete 1-day-old cells of the same initial strain during a prolonged stationary phase, although the aged cells are introduced as a minority. we studied this bacterial trait in mixed cultures of two enterobacterial species, escherichia coli and salmonella enterica, wild type in addition to derived mutants from both strains that co ... | 2007 | 17233722 |
| salmonella trafficking is defined by continuous dynamic interactions with the endolysosomal system. | following invasion of non-phagocytic host cells, salmonella enterica survives and replicates within a phagosome-like compartment known as the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). it is now well established that scv biogenesis, like phagosome biogenesis, involves sequential interactions with the endocytic pathway. however, salmonella is believed to limit these interactions and, in particular, to avoid fusion of terminal lysosomes with the scv. in this study, we reassessed this process using a hig ... | 2007 | 17233756 |
| systematic analysis of the regulation of type three secreted effectors in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the type iii secretion system (ttss) is an important virulence determinant of gram-negative bacterial pathogens. it enables the injection of effector proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. these effectors ultimately manipulate the cellular functions of the infected organism. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium encodes two virulence associated ttsss encoded by the salmonella pathogenicity islands (spi) 1 and 2 that are required for the intestinal and systemic phases of the infection, ... | 2007 | 17233907 |
| case report: parotid abscess due to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in an immunocompetent adult. | there are reports of increasing incidence of focal extra-intestinal infections from non-typhoidal salmonellae during the past two decades. we present the first case of a parotid abscess caused by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) in an apparently immunocompetent adult without other abnormality of the parotid glands. a 58-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of a 3-day history of fever and painful swelling of the right parotid gland. his medical history was unr ... | 2007 | 17234452 |
| ciprofloxacin therapy for typhoid fever needs reconsideration. | outbreaks of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhi in the indian subcontinent in the late 1980s resulted in the failure of conventional drugs, and ciprofloxacin became the firstline drug to treat enteric fever. however, reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, reported widely since 1994, has posed a therapeutic difficulty. the aim of the present work was to review the situation of drug resistance among s. enterica serotype typhi in central india from 1988 to 2005. a minimum inhi ... | 2007 | 17235649 |
| functional characterization of the initiation enzyme of s-layer glycoprotein glycan biosynthesis in geobacillus stearothermophilus nrs 2004/3a. | the glycan chain of the s-layer glycoprotein of geobacillus stearothermophilus nrs 2004/3a is composed of repeating units [-->2)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-beta-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->], with a 2-o-methyl modification of the terminal trisaccharide at the nonreducing end of the glycan chain, a core saccharide composed of two or three alpha-l-rhamnose residues, and a beta-d-galactose residue as a linker to the s-layer protein. in this study, we report the biochemical characterization of wsap o ... | 2007 | 17237178 |
| long-term prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar infantis in the broiler chicken industry in japan. | eleven broiler isolates of salmonella infantis obtained between 1989 and 1998 were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and pulse field gel electrophoresis (pfge) profiles. seven strains of s. infantis isolated after 1993 harbored similar antimicrobial susceptibilities to the recent isolates between 2001 and 2003. in comparison of pfge profile with 22 isolates obtained from 22 apparently healthy broiler chickens between 2001 and 2003, the predominant cluster included the seven strains isola ... | 2007 | 17237606 |
| real-time pcr method for salmonella spp. targeting the stn gene. | to develop a real-time pcr assay for salmonella spp. targeting the stn gene. | 2007 | 17241358 |
| extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing salmonella enterica strains isolated from humans in hungary, 2000 to 2004. | | 2007 | 17242036 |
| a waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis with multiple etiologies among resort island visitors and residents: ohio, 2004. | the implementation of treated municipal water systems in the 20th century led to a dramatic decrease in waterborne disease in the united states. however, communities with deficient water systems still experience waterborne outbreaks. in august 2004, we investigated an outbreak of gastroenteritis on south bass island, ohio, an island of 900 residents that is visited by >500,000 persons each year. | 2007 | 17243052 |
| ciprofloxacin treatment failure in a case of typhoid fever caused by salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. | this report describes a case of ciprofloxacin treatment failure in a patient with enteric fever caused by salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a. the organism was isolated from a blood culture from a patient who was treated with oral ciprofloxacin (500 mg every 12 h) for 13 days. the organism showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (mic 0.75 microg ml-1) and was resistant to nalidixic acid. the patient was then placed on intravenous ceftriaxone (1 g every 12 h) and responded within 3 da ... | 2007 | 17244813 |
| high-resolution analysis of salmonellae from turtles within a headwater spring ecosystem. | sediments and water from the pristine headwaters of the san marcos river, texas, usa, as well as swabs from biofilms on the carapace and from the cloacae of 17 musk turtles (sternotherus odoratus) and one snapping turtle (chelydra serpentina serpentina) caught at the same site, were analysed for salmonellae by culture and molecular techniques. whereas enrichment cultures from sediment and water samples were negative for salmonellae in pcr- and in situ hybridization-based analyses, both technique ... | 2007 | 17250751 |
| detection of salmonella typhi by nested polymerase chain reaction in blood, urine, and stool samples. | a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) specific for salmonella enterica serovar typhi was used for the detection of the pathogen in blood, urine, and stool samples from 131 patients with clinical suspicion of typhoid fever. the sensitivity of blood culture, the pcrs with blood, urine, and feces, and the widal test were 61.8%, 84.5%, 69.3%, 46.9%, and 39.0%, respectively. the sensitivity of the pcrs with blood (p < 0.001) and urine (p = 0.01) were significantly higher, and the sensitivity of th ... | 2007 | 17255243 |
| abortion due to salmonella enterica serovar abortusovis (s. abortusovis) in ewes is associated to a lack of production of ifn-gamma and can be prevented by immunization with inactivated s. abortusovis vaccine. | salmonellosis due to salmonella enterica serovar abortusovis (s. abortusovis) is mainly characterized by abortion in sheep. little is known about the immune response, which develops in the host as a result of infection. we evaluated the immune response of pregnant ewes vaccinated and successively exposed to full virulent s. abortusovis. we found that vaccine constituted by inactivated s. abortusovis induced both humoral and cellular-mediated immune response and that it provided protection agains ... | 2007 | 17257785 |
| stat1 and stat3 phosphorylation by porins are independent of jaks but are dependent on mapk pathway and plays a role in u937 cells production of interleukin-6. | a group of transcription factors, termed signal transducers and activators of transcription (stats), appears to orchestrate the downstream events propagated by cytokine/growth factor interactions with their cognate receptors. similarly, cytoplasmic janus kinases (jaks) seem to play a critical role in diverse signal transduction pathways that govern cellular survival, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. in this work, we analysed the effects of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ... | 2007 | 17258468 |
| identification of amino acid residues of salmonella slya that are critical for transcriptional regulation. | the type iii secretion system encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) is essential for the intracellular survival and replication of salmonella enterica. the expression of spi-2 genes is dependent on a two-component regulatory system, ssra (spir)/ssrb, encoded in the spi-2 region. this paper shows that slya regulates transcription of the sensor kinase ssra by binding to the ssra promoter, indicating that slya is directly involved in the regulation of spi-2 gene expression. a structu ... | 2007 | 17259627 |
| two consecutive large outbreaks of salmonella enterica serotype agona infections in infants linked to the consumption of powdered infant formula. | an increase of isolation of salmonella agona was observed in january through february 2005 among infants in france. | 2007 | 17259878 |
| a five-strain probiotic combination reduces pathogen shedding and alleviates disease signs in pigs challenged with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella spp. infection is a major cause of gastroenteritis, with many thousands of cases reported in the european union every year. the use of probiotics offers the potential to improve this situation. here, we investigate the effects of oral treatment of pigs with a defined lactic acid bacteria culture mixture on both clinical and microbiological signs of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection. fifteen weaned pigs blocked by sex and weight were administered control milk or a mixtu ... | 2007 | 17261517 |
| a live salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis vaccine allows serological differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals. | three precisely defined deletion mutants of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis were constructed, a guanine auxotrophic deltaguab mutant, a nonflagellated deltaflic mutant, and an auxotrophic and nonflagellated deltaguab deltaflic double mutant. all three mutants were less invasive than the wild-type strain in primary chicken cecal epithelial cells and the human epithelial cell line t84 and less efficiently internalized in the chicken macrophage cell line hd11. the deltaflic mutant was patho ... | 2007 | 17261603 |
| a network of rab gtpases controls phagosome maturation and is modulated by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | members of the rab guanosine triphosphatase (gtpase) family are key regulators of membrane traffic. here we examined the association of 48 rabs with model phagosomes containing a non-invasive mutant of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). this mutant traffics to lysosomes and allowed us to determine which rabs localize to a maturing phagosome. in total, 18 rabs associated with maturing phagosomes, each with its own kinetics of association. dominant-negative mutants of rab23 ... | 2007 | 17261845 |
| blockade of catecholamine-induced growth by adrenergic and dopaminergic receptor antagonists in escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica and yersinia enterocolitica. | the ability of catecholamines to stimulate bacterial growth was first demonstrated just over a decade ago. little is still known however, concerning the nature of the putative bacterial adrenergic and/or dopaminergic receptor(s) to which catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine) may bind and exert their effects, or even whether the binding properties of such a receptor are similar between different species. | 2007 | 17263883 |
| biofilm formation by multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium phage type dt104 and other pathogens. | the biofilm-forming capability of salmonella enterica serotypes typhimurium and heidelberg, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, klebsiella pneumoniae, and acinetobacter baumannii isolated from humans, animal farms, and retail meat products was evaluated by using a microplate assay. the tested bacterial species showed interstrain variation in their capabilities to form biofilms. strong biofilm-forming strains of s. enterica serotypes, e. coli o157: h7, p. aer ... | 2007 | 17265855 |
| recovery of salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and mycobacterium bovis from cheese entering the united states through a noncommercial land port of entry. | a joint multiagency project was initiated in response to a salmonella outbreak in san diego county, california, in 2004. samples of cheese were collected during four 1-day operations at the san ysidro port of entry, along the united states-mexico border. surveyed participants were persons crossing the border as pedestrians or in vehicles who had a minimum of 2.27 kg of cheese, which may suggest a potential diversion to illegal marketing. in addition, data were collected about the cheese to ident ... | 2007 | 17265859 |
| adhesive and chemokine stimulatory properties of potentially probiotic lactobacillus strains. | five lactobacillus plantarum strains and two lactobacillus johnsonii strains, stemming either from african traditionally fermented milk products or children's feces, were investigated for probiotic properties in vitro. the relationship between the hydrophobic-hydrophilic cell surface and adhesion ability to ht29 intestinal epithelial cells was investigated, and results indicated that especially the l. johnsonii strains, which exhibited both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface characteristics, ad ... | 2007 | 17265871 |
| biophysical characterization of the interaction of endotoxins with hemoglobins. | bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, lps) is the major component of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria. during severe infections, bacteria may reach the blood circuit of humans, and endotoxins may be released from the bacteria due to cell division or cell death. in particular enterobacterial forms of lps represent extremely strong activator molecules of the human immune system causing a rapid induction of cytokine production in monocytes and macrophages. variou ... | 2007 | 17266619 |
| phosphorylation and processing of the quorum-sensing molecule autoinducer-2 in enteric bacteria. | quorum sensing is a process of chemical communication that bacteria use to assess cell population density and synchronize behavior on a community-wide scale. communication is mediated by signal molecules called autoinducers. the luxs autoinducer synthase produces 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (dpd), the precursor to a set of interconverting molecules that are generically called autoinducer-2 (ai-2). in enteric bacteria, ai-2 production induces the assembly of a transport apparatus (called the l ... | 2007 | 17274596 |
| characterisation of plasmids encoding ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from enterobacteriaceae isolated at a university hospital in taiwan. | ctx-m-3 is the most common extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by enterobacteriaceae in taiwan. the present study was conducted to characterise the genetic environment surrounding bla(ctx-m-3). a total of 11 ceftriaxone-resistant isolates were studied: escherichia coli (n=4), klebsiella pneumoniae (n=5) and salmonella enterica serotypes anatum (sa831r) and potsdam (sc72). molecular methods used included polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, dna-dna hybridisation, conjugation, physical map ... | 2007 | 17275265 |
| depuration dynamics of oysters (crassostrea gigas) artificially contaminated by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the state of santa catarina produces the greatest quantity of edible mollusks in brazil. to guarantee sanitary qualify, mollusk cultures should be monitored for contamination by pathogenic microorganisms. a self-purification or "depuration" system that eliminates salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium contamination from oysters has been developed and evaluated. the depuration process occurred within a closed system, in which 1000 l of water was recirculated for 24 h. the water was sterilized wi ... | 2007 | 17280712 |
| a cell-permeable fusion toxin as a tool to study the consequences of actin-adp-ribosylation caused by the salmonella enterica virulence factor spvb in intact cells. | the virulence factor spvb is a crucial component for the intracellular growth and infection process of salmonella enterica. the spvb protein mediates the adp-ribosylation of actin in infected cells and is assumed to be delivered directly from the engulfed bacteria into the host cell cytosol. here we used the binary clostridium botulinum c2 toxin as a transport system for the catalytic domain of spvb (c/spvb) into the host cell cytosol. a recombinant fusion toxin composed of the enzymatically ina ... | 2007 | 17283073 |
| induction of human beta-defensin 2 by the probiotic escherichia coli nissle 1917 is mediated through flagellin. | human beta-defensin 2 (hbd-2) is an inducible antimicrobial peptide synthesized by the epithelium to counteract bacterial adherence and invasion. proinflammatory cytokines, as well as certain bacterial strains, have been identified as potent endogenous inducers. recently, we have found that hbd-2 induction by probiotic escherichia coli nissle 1917 was mediated through nf-kappab- and ap-1-dependent pathways. the aim of the present study was to identify the responsible bacterial factor. e. coli ni ... | 2007 | 17283097 |
| solitary intestinal lymphoid tissue provides a productive port of entry for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | oral infection of mice with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium results in the colonization of peyer's patches, triggering a vigorous inflammatory response and immunopathology at these sites. here we demonstrate that in parallel to peyer's patches a strong inflammatory response occurs in the intestine, resulting in the appearance of numerous inflammatory foci in the intestinal mucosa. these foci surround small lymphoid cell clusters termed solitary intestinal lymphoid tissue (silt). salmonel ... | 2007 | 17283101 |
| dissemination of sul3-containing elements linked to class 1 integrons with an unusual 3' conserved sequence region among salmonella isolates. | a sul3 domain (is440-sul3-orf1-is26) was found linked to an unusual 3' conserved sequence region (qach) of class 1 integrons and detected among nontyphoid salmonella isolates (n=47) from different sources. three types of integrons differing in the gene cassette array (dfra12-orff-aada2-cmla1-aada1, dfra12-orff-aada2/1, and estx-psp-aada2-cmla1-aada1) were found associated with this sul3 domain. they were associated with particular clones and specific high-molecular-weight plasmids. | 2007 | 17283193 |
| plasticity of the domain structure in flgj, a bacterial protein involved in flagellar rod formation. | bacterial flagellar rod structure is built across the peptidoglycan (pg) layer. a salmonella enterica flagellar protein flgj is believed to consist of two functional domains, the n-terminal half acting as a scaffold or cap essential for rod assembly and the c-terminal half acting as a pg hydrolase (pgase) that makes a hole in the pg layer to facilitate rod penetration. in this study, molecular data analyses were conducted on flgj data sets sampled from a variety of bacterial species, and three t ... | 2006 | 17283383 |
| intragastric immunization with recombinant lactobacillus casei expressing flagellar antigen confers antibody-independent protective immunity against salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | a recombinant lactobacillus casei expressing a flagellar antigen from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis was constructed and evaluated as a mucosal vaccine. intragastric immunization of the recombinant strain conferred protective immunity against salmonella infection in mice. this immunization did not result in antigen-specific antibody in either feces or sera but induced the release of ifn-gamma on restimulation of primed lymphocytes ex vivo. the results suggested that the protective effic ... | 2007 | 17287050 |
| characterization of the gene encoding the 16s rrna of enterobacter sakazakii and development of a species-specific pcr method. | the gene encoding the 16s rrna of enterobacter (e.) sakazakii (atcc 29544, plus four strains isolated from powdered infant formula) was studied, and the sequence compared with those of other enterobacteriaceae in aspects of genetic variability. sequence differences between e. sakazakii and other enterobacteriaceae within the hypervariable regions v1, v2, and v3, respectively, were used to develop two pcr methods for e. sakazakii. pcr1 employed a primer pair located in v1/v2, while pcr2 utilized ... | 2007 | 17289198 |
| intracellular growth and survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium carrying truncated hemoglobins of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | two distantly related truncated hemoglobins (trhbs), hbn and hbo, are produced at different growth stages of mycobacterium tuberculosis. oxygen and nitric oxide (no) binding properties of these trhbs suggest their vital role(s) in adaptation of tubercle bacillus under hypoxic and nitrosative stress conditions. here, we have demonstrated that hbn of m. tuberculosis provides distinct advantage over hbo in supporting intracellular growth and survival of the heterologous host, salmonella enterica se ... | 2007 | 17289341 |
| physiological effects of crl in salmonella are modulated by sigmas level and promoter specificity. | the small regulatory protein crl activates sigma(s) (rpos), the stationary-phase and general stress response sigma factor. crl has been reported to bind sigma(s) in vitro and to facilitate the formation of rna polymerase holoenzyme. in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, crl is required for the development of the rdar morphotype and transcription initiation of the sigma(s)-dependent genes csgd and adra, involved in curli and cellulose production. here, we examined the expression of other si ... | 2007 | 17293430 |
| immunization of pigs to prevent disease in humans: construction and protective efficacy of a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium live negative-marker vaccine. | zoonotic infections caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium pose a constant threat to consumer health, with the pig being a particularly major source of multidrug-resistant isolates. vaccination, as a promising approach to reduce colonization and shedding, has been scarcely used, as it interferes with current control programs relying on serology as a means of herd classification. in order to overcome this problem, we set out to develop a negative-marker vaccine allowing the differentia ... | 2007 | 17296750 |
| candidate live, attenuated salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium vaccines with reduced fecal shedding are immunogenic and effective oral vaccines. | environmental shedding of genetically manipulated microorganisms is an issue impeding the development of new live vaccines. we have investigated the immunogenicity of a number of novel salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium oral vaccine candidates that express the fragment c (tetc) component of tetanus toxin and harbor combinations of additional mutations in genes shda, misl, and ratb that contribute to the persistence of serotype typhimurium's colonization of the intestine. serotype typhimuri ... | 2007 | 17296764 |
| remote control of tumour-targeted salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by the use of l-arabinose as inducer of bacterial gene expression in vivo. | we have used salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) which are able to colonize tumours besides spleen and liver. bacteria were equipped with constructs encoding green fluorescent protein or luciferase as reporters under control of the promoter pbad that is inducible with l-arabinose. reporter genes could be induced in culture but also when the bacteria resided within the mouse macrophages j774a.1. more important, strong expression of reporters by the bacteria could be detected ... | 2007 | 17298393 |
| cmy-2 beta-lactamase-carrying community-acquired urinary tract escherichia coli: genetic correlation with salmonella enterica serotypes choleraesuis and typhimurium. | forty-six cephamycin-resistant escherichia coli isolates from patients diagnosed with community-acquired urinary tract infection were selected in order to study their resistance mechanism. with the exception of one isolate producing cmy-4, all isolates produced a cmy-2 beta-lactamase. molecular typing showed that the cmy-2-producing isolates were not related. cephamycin resistance was plasmid encoded and conjugatively transferred. plasmid digest profiles suggested that the plasmids were differen ... | 2007 | 17300921 |
| immunomodulation by mercuric chloride in vitro: application of different cell activation pathways. | evidence is emerging that exposure to mercury (hg) may elicit many pathological manifestations, including immunomodulation. we tested whether changing cellular activation pathways may affect the immunomodulation by hg. human cell cultures were set up where isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, activated by monoclonal antibodies (moab: anti-cd3/-cd28/-cd40) or heat-killed salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (hk-se), exposed to mercuric chloride (hgcl2) for 24 h. cell vitality was asses ... | 2007 | 17302730 |
| merr family transcription activators: similar designs, different specificities. | living organisms use metals for a variety of essential functions, and face the problems of how to acquire and regulate the intracellular levels of those metals they need, differentiate between essential and toxic metals, and remove from the cell or detoxify metals that are toxic. in bacteria, cytoplasmic metal ion responsive transcriptional regulators are important in regulating the expression of genes involved in metal ion homeostasis and efflux systems. the merr family of transcriptional activ ... | 2007 | 17302809 |
| crystal structure of a novel prokaryotic ser/thr kinase and its implication in the cpx stress response pathway. | the cpx signalling system of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica senses extracytoplasmic stress and controls expression of factors that allow the bacterium to adapt to these stressors and thereby enhance survival. many of the cpx-responsive genes products are of unknown function. we determined the crystal structure of one of these gene products, called yihe in e. coli, which exhibits a eukaryotic kinase fold. functional assays established that both yihe and the s. enterica yihe homologue, r ... | 2007 | 17302814 |
| the role of ferritins in the physiology of salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium: a unique role for ferritin b in iron-sulphur cluster repair and virulence. | ferritins are ubiquitous iron (fe) storage proteins that play a fundamental role in cellular fe homeostasis. the enteric pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium possesses four ferritins: bacterioferritin, ferritin a, ferritin b and dps. the haem-containing bacterioferritin (bfr) accounts for the majority of stored fe, followed by ferritin a (ftna). inactivation of bfr elevates the intracellular free fe concentration and enhances susceptibility to h2o2 stress. the dna-binding dps protein ... | 2007 | 17302823 |
| relationship of pulsed-field profiles with key phage types of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in europe: results of an international multi-centre study. | salmonella is one of the most common causes of foodborne infection in europe with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) being the most commonly identified serovar. the predominant phage type for s. enteritidis is phage type (pt) 4, although pt 8 has increased in incidence. within these phage types, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) provides a method of further subdivision. the international project, salm-gene, was established in 2001 to develop a database of pfge profile ... | 2007 | 17306053 |
| molecular characterization of the multidrug-resistant phage types salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104, dt20a and dt120 strains in the slovakia. | an increase in the number of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains (definitive phage type dt20a and dt120) as well as the occurrence of dt104 strains during 2003-2005 in slovakia was documented. based on the results of the molecular analysis we suggest that multidrug-resistant dt20a and dt120 phage types are more closely related to multidrug-resistant phage type, and that the occurrence is probably due to changes in the phage susceptibility of dt104. continued surve ... | 2009 | 17306968 |
| oral administration of a live attenuated salmonella vaccine strain expressing the vapa protein induces protection against infection by rhodococcus equi. | rhodococcus equi remains one of the most important pathogens of foals and vaccination strategies to prevent rhodococcosis are under increasing investigation. attenuated salmonella strains carrying heterologous antigens offer an advantageous alternative to conventional vaccines, especially because they induce mucosal and systemic immunity. in this work, we expressed the vapa antigen from r. equi in a salmonella enterica typhimurium strain, which was able to colonize and persist in the lymphoid ti ... | 2007 | 17307012 |
| prevalence of qnr genes in salmonella in france. | to detect the qnra, qnrb and qnrs genes among salmonella isolates received at the french national reference centre for salmonella in paris, france. | 2007 | 17307773 |
| repression of intracellular virulence factors in salmonella by the hha and ydgt nucleoid-associated proteins. | the hha/ymoa family of nucleoid-associated proteins is involved in gene regulation in enterobacteria. in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, virulence genes required for intracellular growth are induced following host cell invasion but the proteins responsible for repressing these genes prior to host cell entry have not been fully identified. we demonstrate here that hha is the major repressor responsible for silencing virulence genes carried in salmonella pathogenicity island 2 prior to ba ... | 2007 | 17307861 |
| prevalence and genetic properties of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive phage type 104 isolated from rattus norvegicus and rattus rattus house rats in yokohama city, japan. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was isolated from the intestinal contents of rattus rattus and rattus norvegicus house rats captured at two buildings, designated buildings j and ys, in yokohama city, japan. from october 1997 to september 1998, 52 of 339 (15.3%) house rats were found to carry salmonella serovar typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (dt104). in building j, 26 of 161 (16.1%) house rats carried dt104 over the 1-year study period, compared to 26 of 178 (14.6%) rats in buildin ... | 2007 | 17308195 |
| harmonization of the multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis method between denmark and norway for typing salmonella typhimurium isolates and closer examination of the vntr loci. | harmonization and evaluation of the multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) method for sub-typing salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar typhimurium (salm. typhimurium) in denmark and norway, and analysis of the typing data. | 2007 | 17309622 |
| saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 905 reduces the translocation of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium and stimulates the immune system in gnotobiotic and conventional mice. | previous results in the laboratory of the authors showed that saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 905, isolated during 'cachaça' production, was able to colonize and survive in the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free and conventional mice, and to protect these animals against oral challenge with salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium or clostridium difficile. in the present work, the effects of s. cerevisiae 905 on the translocation of salm. typhimurium (mesenteric lymph nodes, peyer's patches, sp ... | 2007 | 17314366 |
| an outbreak of nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis at a nursery school in kitakyushu city, japan. | | 2007 | 17314431 |
| simple colorimetric microplate test of phage lysis in salmonella enterica. | a simple microplate method, based on conversion of tetrazolium to formazan, was devised for rapidly assessing salmonella survival after phage treatment. results were easily interpretable. monitoring with a microplate reader was useful, but not required. the method was used in defining phage-salmonella interactions for selection of phage biocontrol cocktails. | 2007 | 17316851 |
| salmonella surveillance in a collection of rattlesnakes (crotalus spp.). | over the past 15 yr, salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae (iiia) 56:z4,z23:- has repeatedly been isolated from individual crotalus willardi rattlesnakes with progressively debilitating osteomyelitis at the knoxville zoological gardens. in april 2004, the serotype was linked with a fatal case of septicemia in another crotalus species in this collection. although the association of iiia 56:z4,z23:- with disease in this colony of c. willardi is well established, prior disease or isolation of this sero ... | 2006 | 17319129 |
| role of eal-containing proteins in multicellular behavior of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | ggdef and eal domain proteins are involved in turnover of the novel secondary messenger cyclic di(3'-->5')-guanylic acid (c-di-gmp) in many bacteria. the rdar morphotype, a multicellular behavior of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium characterized by the expression of the extracellular matrix components cellulose and curli fimbriae is controlled by c-di-gmp. in this work the roles of the eal and ggdef-eal domain proteins on rdar morphotype development were investigated. knockout of four of ... | 2007 | 17322315 |
| experimental reproduction of bovine salmonella encephalopathy using a norepinephrine-based stress model. | neurological disease represents a sporadic but serious manifestation of bovine salmonellosis that is thought to be related to systemic infection. salmonella enterica serovar dublin (s. dublin) is the serovar most associated with systemic infection in cattle, although reports of neurological disease associated with s. dublin or any other serovar are rare and usually anecdotal. this study reports the involvement of three strains of s. enterica, serovars saintpaul, montevideo, and enteritidis, in s ... | 2008 | 17324598 |
| surface expression of toll-like receptor 9 is upregulated on intestinal epithelial cells in response to pathogenic bacterial dna. | colonic epithelial cells are constantly exposed to high levels of bacterial dna in the intestinal lumen and must recognize and respond appropriately to pathogens, while they maintain a tolerance to nonpathogenic commensal bacterial strains. bacterial dna is recognized by toll-like receptor 9 (tlr9). the aim of this study was to investigate tlr9 expression and localization in colonic epithelial cells under basal conditions and in response to bacterial dna. ht-29 cells were exposed to dna from var ... | 2007 | 17325049 |
| dissemination of an extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase blatem-52 gene-carrying inci1 plasmid in various salmonella enterica serovars isolated from poultry and humans in belgium and france between 2001 and 2005. | we report here the dissemination of a conjugative inci1 plasmid carrying bla(tem-52) on a tn3 transposon conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in salmonella enterica serovar agona, derby, infantis, paratyphi b dt(+), and typhimurium isolates from poultry and humans in belgium and france from 2001 to 2005. the most prevalent serovar spreading this resistance was serovar infantis. | 2007 | 17325216 |
| salmonella enteritidis in broiler chickens, united states, 2000-2005. | us department of agriculture food safety and inspection service (fsis) data on salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in broiler chicken carcass rinses collected from 2000 through 2005 showed the annual number of isolates increased >4-fold and the proportion of establishments with salmonella enteritidis-positive rinses increased nearly 3-fold (test for trend, p<0.0001). the number of states with salmonella enteritidis in broiler rinses increased from 14 to 24. the predominant phage types (pt) ... | 2006 | 17326935 |
| fcgamma receptors are crucial for the expression of acquired resistance to virulent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in vivo but are not required for the induction of humoral or t-cell-mediated immunity. | antibodies play an important role in immunity to salmonella enterica. here we evaluated the requirement for fcgamma receptors in host resistance to s. enterica using an in vivo model of systemic infection. we show that mice lacking fcgammari, ii and iii can control and clear a primary infection with s. enterica micro-organisms of low virulence, but are impaired in the expression of vaccine-induced acquired immunity to oral challenge with virulent bacteria. we also show that, in vivo, fcgammari, ... | 2007 | 17328787 |
| mlc regulation of salmonella pathogenicity island i gene expression via hile repression. | the global regulator mlc is a repressor of several genes and operons that are involved in sugar uptake and metabolism. a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mlc mutant showed reduced levels of invasion and cytotoxicity compared to the wild-type, and exhibited reduced expression levels of hild, hila and invf, which are regulatory genes in the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1). however, the effects of mlc on hild expression and bacterial invasiveness were not seen in the hile mutant, an ... | 2007 | 17329372 |
| kinetics of the human antibody response against salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium determined by lipopolysaccharide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | two indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were employed to measure levels of immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga antibodies against salmonella in sera from 303 danish patients diagnosed by fecal culture with either salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis or salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infections. the elisas were based on serovar enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (lps) and serovar typhimurium lps. the antibody levels were assessed approximately 1, 3, 6, and 12 months afte ... | 2007 | 17329442 |
| oral attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine expressing codon-optimized hiv type 1 gag enhanced intestinal immunity in mice. | oral immunization is a safe and easily applicable route to induce mucosal immunity to hiv infection. we examined the ability of oral attenuated salmonella typhimurium (st) vaccine expressing gag for the efficiency of generating gag-specific mucosal iga and cd8+ t cell responses in intestinal lymphoid tissues. by optimizing the codon of hiv-1 gag to the preferred codon bias of salmonella, the expression of gag in salmonella was dramatically improved. the oral st-gag vaccine by itself was not so p ... | 2007 | 17331034 |