| the outcome of a rapid hepatitis b vaccination programme in a methadone treatment clinic. | injecting drug users are a high-risk population for hepatitis b (hbv), but are difficult to engage in vaccination programmes. this study examines the completion rates of a hbv vaccination schedule and seroconversion in a group of patients in methadone maintenance treatment. | 2010 | 20078489 |
| a fluorescent protein-based biological screen of proteinase activity. | a cell-based fluorescent protein reporter assay for proteinase activity amenable to high-throughput applications was developed. this assay is based on förster resonance energy transfer (fret) between 2 variants of the green fluorescent protein connected by a short cleavable linker and expressed in escherichia coli as tagged proteins. a library to assay proteinase specificity was generated by randomizing a portion of the linker using pcr. the library could be grown in microplates, allowing cells ... | 2010 | 20086215 |
| [44 year old gardener with lower back pain, myalgia and fever]. | we report the case of a 44 year old female gardener who presented to our emergency ward with lumbago, myalgia and fever of 39 degrees celsius. she also reported acholic stools, darker looking urine and ikteric skin complexion. the patient was suffering from acute hepatitis a virus induced liver failure and was rapidly announced to a liver transplant centre. in the course of the illness the condition of the patient improved spontaneously and the serious hepatitis resolved and was self limiting. a ... | 2010 | 20087833 |
| experimental hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis): evidence of active extrahepatic site of hav replication. | this work studied the replication sites of hepatitis a virus (hav) in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) after intravenous inoculation. the cynomolgus monkeys were inoculated with the brazilian hepatitis a virus strain (haf-203). monkeys were euthanized on days 15, 30, 45 and 60 postinoculation (pi). liver samples, submandibular salivary gland, mesenteric lymph node and tonsils were removed for virological and pathological evaluation. immunofluorescence analyses on liver and salivary gland ... | 2010 | 20096073 |
| molecular characterization of sewage-borne pathogens and detection of sewage markers in an urban stream in caracas, venezuela. | molecular characterization of two sewage-borne pathogens identified hepatitis a virus (hav) subgenotype ia and giardia duodenalis assemblages a and b as predominant genotypes circulating in an urban area of venezuela. this study reveals epidemiological features of human pathogens of worldwide distribution and the efficacy of molecular methods for accurate assessment of sewage pollution. | 2010 | 20097824 |
| comparison of different concentration methods for the detection of hepatitis a virus and calicivirus from bottled natural mineral waters. | viral contamination of drinking water is frequently reported as the primary source of gastroenteritis or hepatitis outbreaks. the presence of viruses at low concentration levels in most environmental water poses major analytical problems when determining their concentration. to evaluate the efficiency of different recovery methods of viral rna from bottled water, a comparison was made of 2 positively and 2 negatively charged membranes that were used for absorbing and releasing hav virus particle ... | 2010 | 20100516 |
| clinical implications of hepatitis a virus ribonucleic acid detection and genotyping in acute liver failure in children in argentina. | to investigate the detection of hepatitis a virus ribonucleic acid in patients with acute liver failure and to assess if the results have any clinical implications for the evolution of acute liver failure in children. hepatitis a infection, a vaccine-preventable disease, is an important cause of acute liver failure in children in argentina. universal vaccination in 1-yr-old children was implemented in june 2005. | 2010 | 20101195 |
| detection of enteric viruses in sewage sludge and treated wastewater effluent. | sewage sludge and treated wastewater when contaminated with enteric virus and discharged into the environment, could pose a human health risk. the aim of study was to verify the presence and viability of enteric viruses in sewage sludge and treated wastewater at a local sewage plant in florianopolis city, brazil. sewage sludge was concentrated by organic flocculation and polyethylene glycol precipitation and wastewater by electronegative membrane filtration and ultrafiltration by centriprep conc ... | 2010 | 20107281 |
| generation and characterization of a scfv against recombinant coat protein of the geminivirus tomato leaf curl new delhi virus. | we report the establishment of a hybridoma cell line secreting the monoclonal antibody (mab) hav, which recognizes the coat (av1) protein of tomato leaf curl new delhi virus (tolcndv), a begomovirus. the cell line was obtained following immunization of mice with purified recombinant av1 fused to glutathione s-transferase (gst). a single-chain variable fragment (scfv-sav) was assembled from hybridoma cdna, but sequence analysis revealed a single nucleotide deletion causing a frame shift that resu ... | 2010 | 20107847 |
| factors for predicting positive results for anti-hav igm retesting among initially seronegative patients. | the standard diagnostic tool for acute hepatitis a is detection of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) immunoglobulin m (igm). however, a negative result for anti-hav igm can be obtained in the early phase of infection. among clinically suspicious seronegative patients, diagnosis of hepatitis a is sometimes recorded on retesting. | 2010 | 20108041 |
| [phylogenetic analysis indicates human origin of rotavirus and hepatitis a virus strains found in the drinking water of western colombia]. | quibdó, the capital of chocó province, is one of the poorest cities in colombia. enteric viruses such as rotavirus and hepatitis a virus was found to occur commonly in city drinking water and indicated poor water quality and high risk of becoming infected. the source of these viruses was unknown, but humans and cattle were suspect sources. | 2009 | 20128346 |
| predictors of hav/hbv vaccination completion among methadone maintenance clients. | this randomized, controlled study (n = 256) was conducted to compare three interventions designed to promote hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination completion among clients undergoing methadone maintenance (mm) treatment. participants were recruited from five mm treatment sites in southern california and randomized into three groups: motivational interviewing-single (mi-single), motivational interviewing-group (mi-group); and nurse-led hepatitis health promotion (hhp). a ... | 2010 | 20143328 |
| detection and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis a virus and norovirus in marine recreational waters of mexico. | an investigation was conducted to determine hepatitis a virus (hav) and norovirus (nv) presence in marine recreational waters (mrws) from two mexican tourists beaches (altata and mazatlan), located at the northwestern state of sinaloa, mexico. also, binary logistic regression (blr) analyses were conducted between physicochemical parameters (temperature, turbidity and salinity) and viral organisms (hav and nv). a total of 32 mrws samples were collected from april to july of 2006. samples were pro ... | 2010 | 20154390 |
| analysis of the evolution in the circulation of hav and hev in eastern spain by testing urban sewage samples. | the aim of the study was to analyse the evolution of the prevalence of hav and hev in the population of eastern spain by analysing the viruses excreted in urban sewage. raw urban sewage samples were collected and analysed during several years using rt-pcr techniques and sequencing analysis. two limiting regions were analysed, one of them having implemented hav vaccination programs. acute symptomatic hev cases were also examined. results were compared with those from previous studies in the area ... | 2010 | 20154397 |
| transcriptional analysis of kidneys during repair from aki reveals possible roles for ngal and kim-1 as biomarkers of aki-to-ckd transition. | acute kidney injury (aki) is being increasingly shown to be a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (ckd), but little is known about the possible mechanistic links. we hypothesized that analysis of the genomic signature in the repair stage after aki would reveal pathways that could link aki and ckd. unilateral renal pedicle clamping for 45 min was performed in male c57bl/6j mice. mice were euthanized at 3, 10, and 28 days after ischemia-reperfusion injury (iri). total rna was isolated from kidn ... | 2010 | 20181666 |
| evaluation of adenovirus and e. coli as indicators for human enteric viruses presence in mussels produced in la spezia gulf (italy). | the purpose of this work was to verify whether e. coli is a good indicator of viral contamination in mussels and adenovirus could represent a better alternative as indicator organism of viral presence to guarantee consumer health protection. | 2010 | 20184672 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis a virus infection in iran: a population based study. | in older studies, the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus infection has been reported to be over 95% in iranians. most of these studies were performed on volunteer blood donors. studies on the general population are sparse. the purpose of this study was to determine the current seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus infection in the general population of iran. | 2010 | 20187662 |
| duplex real-time qrt-pcr for the detection of hepatitis a virus in water and raspberries using the ms2 bacteriophage as a process control. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is the leading worldwide cause of acute viral hepatitis. an important aspect of viral control is rapid diagnosis. epidemiological studies have linked hepatitis a outbreaks to the consumption of drinking water or soft fruits exposed to faecal contamination. real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (qrt-pcr) is now widely used for detecting rna viruses in food samples. efficiency of viral concentration, nucleic acid extraction and the presence of potential inhibitors o ... | 2010 | 20188760 |
| bacterial and viral pathogens in live oysters: 2007 united states market survey. | two samples of market oysters, primarily from retail establishments, were collected twice each month in each of nine states during 2007. samples were shipped refrigerated overnight to five u.s. food and drug administration laboratories on a rotating basis and analyzed by most probable number (mpn) for total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus numbers and for the presence of toxigenic v. cholerae, salmonella spp., norovirus (nov), and hepatitis a virus (hav). levels of indica ... | 2010 | 20190085 |
| [retrospective clinical epidemiology research on a sample of 277 patients with viral hepatitis a, 20-70 aged, from the suceava county, between 2001-2008]. | authors present some results of clinical epidemiological research carried out on a sample of 277 patients with viral hepatitis a (vha), hospitalized in suceava county, during 8 years. material and method: an annual evolution of vha incidence correlated with the epidemiological territorial situation was highlighted. results: incidence of vha in 20-40 age group represented 70.8%, and 33.5% in 20-25 age group. diagnosis index was unfavourable with influence for interval of hospitalization over 21 d ... | 2009 | 20191903 |
| long-term immunity after two doses of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine, in argentinean children. | we examined long-term anti-hepatitis a virus antibody persistence in argentinean children 10 years after the initial study in which they received 2 doses of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (avaxim 80u). of the 111 children, 48 from the initial trial were enrolled. of 48, 47 (97.9%) participants had serum anti-hepatitis a virus antibody titers > or =20 miu/ml, with the geometric mean concentration of 390.91 (+/-370.14) miu/ml; (95% confidence interval, 282.2-499.5 miu/ml), range, 36 to 1860. | 2010 | 20195189 |
| [evaluation of the virus-elimination efficacy of nanofiltration (viresolve nfp) for the parvovirus b19 and hepatitis a virus]. | the safety of plasma derivatives has been reinforced since 1980s by variable pathogen inactivation or elimination techniques. nucleic acid amplification test (nat) for the source plasma has also been implemented worldwide. recently nanofiltration has been used in some country for ensuring safety of plasma derivatives to eliminate non-enveloped viruses such as parvovirus b19 (b19v) and hepatitis a virus (hav). we evaluated the efficacy of nanofiltration for the elimination of b19v and hav. | 2010 | 20197722 |
| genome-based expression profiling study of hunner's ulcer type interstitial cystitis: an array of 40-gene model. | the aim of this study was to explore potential molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of hunner's ulcer type interstitial cystitis (ic). | 2010 | 20204322 |
| laboratory characteristics of recent hepatitis a in korea: ongoing epidemiological shift. | to evaluate seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibody and investigate demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of recent cases in korea. | 2010 | 20205283 |
| concurrent reactivation of latent ebv with hepatitis a can affect clinical feature of childhood hepatitis. | some children with acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection have concurrent epstein-barr virus (ebv) reactivation serologically. we studied the frequency of ebv reactivation during hav infection and determined whether simultaneous occurrence of ebv reactivation and hav infection affected the clinical features of hav infection. | 2010 | 20219034 |
| fine-tuning translation kinetics selection as the driving force of codon usage bias in the hepatitis a virus capsid. | hepatitis a virus (hav), the prototype of genus hepatovirus, has several unique biological characteristics that distinguish it from other members of the picornaviridae family. among these, the need for an intact eif4g factor for the initiation of translation results in an inability to shut down host protein synthesis by a mechanism similar to that of other picornaviruses. consequently, hav must inefficiently compete for the cellular translational machinery and this may explain its poor growth in ... | 2010 | 20221432 |
| viral hepatitis. | key findings: the prevalence of hepatitis a antibody, which is indicative of immunity to hepatitis a virus, increased among u.s. born persons aged 6-19, but decreased among persons aged 40 years and over. hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection among persons aged 6-19 has decreased in recent years. by 2003-2006, over 90% of children had received at least one dose of the recommended three-dose series of hepatitis b vaccine. prevalence of infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) decreased among those at h ... | 2010 | 20223109 |
| establishment of a biological reference preparation for hepatitis a vaccine (inactivated, non-adsorbed). | a reference standard calibrated in international units (iu) is needed for the in vitro potency assay of hepatitis a vaccines prepared by formalin-inactivation of purified hepatitis a virus grown in cell cultures. thus, a project was launched by the european directorate for the quality of medicines & healthcare (edqm) to establish one or more non-adsorbed inactivated hepatitis a vaccine reference preparation(s) as working standard(s), calibrated against the 1st international standard (is), for th ... | 2010 | 20223187 |
| simultaneous separation and detection of hepatitis a virus and norovirus in produce. | two sample preparation methods based on electrostatic binding were tested to simultaneously separate different viral particles from different food surfaces (lettuce, strawberry, raspberries and green onions). both methods were evaluated using a multiplex real-time pcr assay designed for detection of hepatitis a virus and norovirus gi and gii. single and multiplex detection limits were determined as 10(1) viral particles for hav and norovirus gii, and 10(2) viral particles for norovirus gi using ... | 2010 | 20223543 |
| environmental surveillance and molecular characterization of human enteric viruses in tropical urban wastewaters. | to study the prevalence and genotypes of waterborne pathogenic viruses in urban wastewaters in the tropical region. | 2010 | 20233263 |
| early days of food and environmental virology. | in july 1962, the author joined the food research institute (fri), then at the university of chicago, to become its food virologist. there was a limited record of waterborne viral disease outbreaks at the time; recorded data on foodborne outbreaks were fewer still. laboratory environmental (water and wastewater) virology was in its infancy, and food virology was in gestation. detection of viruses was most often attempted by inoculation of primary primate cell cultures, with observation for plaqu ... | 2010 | 20234839 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus causing an outbreak among thai navy recruits. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a communicable disease, typically transmitted by faecal-oral contamination. hav outbreaks usually occur in endemic areas. we report an outbreak of hav from june to july, 2008 among thai navy recruits who had received training at the sattahip navy base, chonburi province, thailand. upon conclusion of the training, the recruits were deployed to serve at several navy bases across the country. secondary cases of hav infection were reported among military personne ... | 2009 | 20237451 |
| [acute myelitis related to hepatitis a after travel to senegal]. | neurological complications are rare following hepatitis a. acute myelitis is even more uncommon. the purpose of this report is to describe a case of acute myelitis related to hepatitis a virus (hav) in a 43-year-old-woman returning from senegal. diagnosis of myelitis was confirmed by spinal mri and detection of anti-hav ig m antibodies in serum. the patient made a spontaneous clinical recovery in one month. spinal mri findings were normal at three months. hepatitis a should be considered in the ... | 2010 | 20337107 |
| the detection of enteric viruses in selected urban and rural river water and sewage in kenya, with special reference to rotaviruses. | to determine the occurrence of eight human enteric viruses in surface water and sewage samples from different geographical areas in kenya. | 2010 | 20337763 |
| a possible foodborne outbreak of hepatitis a in the netherlands, january-february 2010. | as of 1 march 2010, a total of 11 primary cases with onset of symptoms between 31 december 2009 and 10 february 2010, have been identified with identical hepatitis a genotype ib strains in the netherlands. a relation with australian and french foodborne outbreaks occurring in 2009 and 2010 is suspected. ten of the 11 primary cases indicated that they had consumed one or more products containing semi-dried tomatoes during their incubation period. | 2010 | 20338146 |
| [seroprevalence of igg anti-hav in hospital employees below 40 years old]. | hepatitis a is an acute infectious disease transmitted by fecal-oral route. as the incidence of hepatitis a has been increased in gwangju and chonnam province of korea recently, the number of hepatitis a patients in hospital employees has also increased. thus, we investigated the seroprevalence of igg anti-hav in hospital employees below 40 years old. | 2010 | 20357529 |
| [a case of pleural effusion associated with acute hepatitis a]. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is common in developing countries, including korea. it can be accompanied by extrahepatic complications such as renal failure, arthritis, and vasculitis. pleural effusion is a very rare complication of hav infection, which has been reported usually in children, and has benign clinical courses. here we report a case of pleural effusion with ascites which occurred in an adult hepatitis a patient. a 26-year-old-woman presented generalized myalgia and fever and was ... | 2010 | 20357532 |
| predictors of hepatitis knowledge improvement among methadone maintained clients enrolled in a hepatitis intervention program. | this randomized, controlled study (n = 256) was conducted to compare three interventions designed to promote hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination completion, among clients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (mmt) in los angeles and santa monica. the participants were randomized into three groups: motivational interviewing-single session (mi-single), motivational interviewing-group (mi-group), or nurse-led hepatitis health promotion (hhp). all three treatment gr ... | 2010 | 20358265 |
| [complete genomic sequence of rapidly replicating strain mb-7 of hepatitis a virus and its characterization in comparison with nucleotide sequences of other hepatitis a virus strains]. | complete nucleotide sequence of genomic rna of hepatitis a virus (hav) rapidly replicating strain mb-7 was determined. comparison of nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences demonstrated the highest level of identity of mb-7 with strain has-15 (above 99%) and high homology with other hav strains (hm 175/7, cr326, and gbm/hfs) used in production of anti-hepatitis a vaccines. mb-7 was classified as subgenotype ia. phylogenetic analysis showed that mb-7 is most closely related to the strain has- ... | 2010 | 20361667 |
| [clinical features of patients with fulminant hepatitis a requiring emergency liver transplantation: comparison with acute liver failure due to other causes]. | according to recent prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, acute liver failure (alf) due to hav infection is observed frequently in parallel. the aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical, laboratory, and pathologic features of patients who have undergone emergency liver transplantation (lt) due to fulminant hav infection. | 2010 | 20375639 |
| [a case of hemophagocytic syndrome complicated by acute viral hepatitis a infection]. | hemophagocytic syndrome (hps) is a rare but serious condition that is histopathologically characterized by activation of macrophage or histiocytes with hemophagocytosis in bone marrow and reticuloendothelial systems. clinically it presents with high fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, liver dysfunction, and hyperferritinemia. hepatitis a virus is a very rare cause of secondary hps. we report a case of a 22-year-old woman infected by hepatitis a virus who was consequently complicated with hp ... | 2010 | 20375646 |
| the infective causes of hepatitis and jaundice amongst hospitalised patients in vientiane, laos. | there is little information on the diverse infectious causes of jaundice and hepatitis in the asiatic tropics. serology (hepatitis a, b, c and e, leptospirosis, dengue, rickettsia), antigen tests (dengue), pcr assays (hepatitis a, c and e) and blood cultures (septicaemia) were performed on samples from 392 patients admitted with jaundice or raised transaminases (> or =x3) to mahosot hospital, vientiane, laos over 3 years. conservative definitions suggested diagnoses of dengue (8.4%), rickettsios ... | 2010 | 20378138 |
| interaction between single wall carbon nanotubes and a human enteric virus. | activated single wall carbon nanotubes have been used for biomedical purposes as carriers for drugs, peptides, proteins and nucleic acids. a large volume of data speaks to their suitability to act as a carrier. the ability of two differently activated swnts (with carboxyl groups or with carboxyl groups and polyethylenimine (pei)) to form a complex with the hepatitis a virus was evaluated. both types of activations permitted the formation of a virus-swnt complex. however, their patterns were diff ... | 2010 | 20381533 |
| [genetic analysis of hav strains isolated from patients with acute hepatitis in hebei shijiazhuang of china]. | to characterize the hepatitis a virus (hav) wild type strains circulating in hebei shijiazhuang of china during 2005-2007, to provide the bases for further investigation of the sources of hav infection. | 2009 | 20387485 |
| [genotyping of hepatitis a virus prevalent strains in xinjiang hetian of china in 2006]. | to analysis the genotypes of wild type hepatitis a virus circulated in xinjiang hetian of china in 2006. | 2009 | 20387486 |
| [safety and immunogenicity of combined hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccine according to 0 and 6 months schedule in healthy children]. | to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the bilive(tm) combined hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccine in healthy children. | 2010 | 20388338 |
| the complete genome sequence and molecular analysis of human hepatitis e virus genotype iv identified from a korean patient. | hepatitis e virus (hev) was originally identified as the etiological agent of non-hav enterically transmitted hepatitis. one hev strain (fj763142) was identified from an acute viral hepatitis e patient with igm anti-hev in korea. the complete genome sequence consisted of 7,238 nucleotides (nt) plus a 22-nt poly(a) tail. the strain belongs to genotype iv, with 91% homology compared with ab197674, which was found in a japanese patient who had traveled to china. this finding suggests that hev genot ... | 2010 | 20390311 |
| are pei-coated swcnts conjugated with hepatitis a virus? a chemical study with sem, z-potential, edxd and rt-pcr. | the conjugation between nanotubes, coated with different doses of polyethylene imine (pei) and hepatitis a virus (hav) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, z-potential, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray diffraction (edxd) and reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). for the first time, to our knowledge, evidence is obtained that conjugation between the nanotubes and the hav occurs and that it ... | 2010 | 20404402 |
| the evaluation of the microbial safety of fresh ready-to-eat vegetables produced by different technologies in italy. | the study was performed to evaluate the safety of whole and rte vegetables and to investigate the effectiveness of different preventive strategies for the quality assurance of rte vegetables collected from three italian production systems. producer 1, applied a strict system in compliance with gap- gmp - haccp, producer 2 used chlorine disinfection at a second washing step, and producer 3 using a physical microbial stabilization. | 2010 | 20408920 |
| safety and immunogenicity of the hpv-16/18 as04-adjuvanted vaccine: a randomized, controlled trial in adolescent girls. | immunization of girls against oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) types before sexual debut is important for cervical cancer prevention. this phase iii blinded, randomized, controlled trial in adolescent girls assessed safety of the hpv-16/18 as04-adjuvanted vaccine. | 2010 | 20413076 |
| [detection of enteric viruses in wastewater of monastir region by rt-pcr method]. | wastewater frequently has been contaminated by enteric viruses, which can cause gastroenteritis, hepatitis, and other viral diseases. since current water treatments do not ensure their complete removal and they become contaminants of the water environment. | 2010 | 20415161 |
| 99th dahlem conference on infection, inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders: controversial aspects of the 'hygiene hypothesis'. | the 'hygiene hypothesis' proposes that the epidemic of allergic and autoimmune diseases is due to changes in the interactions between humans and the microbes of their ecosystem. this theory apparently does not explain (i) why allergic asthma is rising in 'unhygienic' american inner cities; (ii) why allergic diseases are less prevalent among migrants' children living in european big cities; (iii) why infections with airborne viruses do not 'protect' from allergic sensitization; (iv) why the inver ... | 2010 | 20415858 |
| 99th dahlem conference on infection, inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders: microbes, apoptosis and tim-1 in the development of asthma. | asthma is a complex disorder which has increased dramatically in prevalence over the past three decades. current therapies, based on the t helper type 2 (th2) paradigm, have not been able to control this disease. epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between infection with the hepatitis a virus (hav) and protection against the development of asthma, and genetic studies have shown that the hav receptor, tim-1 (t cell, immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain), is an important ato ... | 2010 | 20415862 |
| longer duration of viremia and unique amino acid substitutions in a hepatitis a virus strain [corrected] associated with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). | the molecular characteristics of hepatitis a virus (hav) have been studied widely though there is a paucity of data on the correlation with virological and serological findings. in the present study, the whole genome of an indian hav strain associated with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) was characterized vis-à-vis two other indian hav genotype iiia strains, associated with a self-limiting disease. the percentage nucleotide divergence displayed by the indian strains (cp-ind, pn-ind, and gbs-ind) v ... | 2010 | 20419803 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis a in finland in 1990-2007. | the seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) for the period 1990-2007 and the molecular epidemiology for the period 1994-2007 in finland were studied. the incidence of hepatitis a has been very low since 1990, at 0.3-3.6/100,000 inhabitants, excluding two outbreaks in 1994-1995 and 2002-2003, both of which were connected to intravenous drug use. serum samples (3,217) collected in the period 1997-1998 were tested for hepatitis a antibodies to assess the percentage of seropositive finns. more t ... | 2010 | 20419806 |
| fulminant hepatitis failure in adults and children from a public hospital in rio de janeiro, brazil. | fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) is characterized by massive hepatocellular injury, whose physiopathology is still unclear. hepatitis b (hbv) is probably the most common viral cause of fhf, while hepatitis a (hav) virus seem occurs less frequently. however, the host and viral factors that determine the outcome of these infections are poorly understood. in the present study, viral load and genotyping determining regions of hav and hbv genomes were sequenced. eight fhf patients and one patient with ... | 2009 | 20428629 |
| survival of murine norovirus and hepatitis a virus in different types of manure and biosolids. | noroviruses and hepatitis a virus (hav) are common causes of foodborne disease. they are usually shed in feces and have been found in sewage water, biosolids, and animal manures. with the wide application of manure and biosolids on agricultural lands, there is an increasing interest in investigating virus survival in manure and biosolids. in this study, murine norovirus-1 (mnv) and hav were inoculated into different types of animal manure and three types of differently treated biosolids at 20 de ... | 2010 | 20455755 |
| hepatitis a. an uncommon associated pathology. | | 2010 | 20456853 |
| co-occurrence of allergic sensitization and type 1 diabetes. | the mechanisms leading to abnormal immune regulation in type 1 diabetes and allergic diseases may be partly overlapping. if so, these diseases should co-occur more often than expected. we investigated this phenomenon in two contrasting socio-economic environments, finland and russian karelia. | 2010 | 20465355 |
| [study of a population outbreak of hepatitis a. effectiveness of vaccination as a control measure]. | to describe an outbreak of hepatitis a in the city of albacete (spain) and to assess the effectiveness of the control measures implemented. | 2010 | 20483510 |
| [hepatitis a transmission in transfusion]. | | 2010 | 20489800 |
| declining hepatitis a antibody seroprevalence in the korean military personnel. | we retrospectively analyzed serological test results for anti-hepatitis a virus immunoglobulin g (anti-hav igg) of sera collected from 779 military personnel during january 2001 to may 2008. the overall seroprevalence of anti-hav igg of the subjects was 17.5% (95% confidence interval [ci], 14.8-20.1%). when adjusted to the age-specific distribution of the army population, the age-adjusted seroprevalence was 14.6% (95% ci, 13.0-16.3%). all subjects who were 40 years and over had anti-hav igg. mea ... | 2010 | 20495272 |
| coinfection with hepatitis c virus, oxidative stress and antioxidant status in hiv-positive drug users in miami. | the pathogenesis of hiv/hepatitis c virus (hcv) coinfection is poorly understood. we examined markers of oxidative stress, plasma antioxidants and liver disease in hiv/hcv-coinfected and hiv-monoinfected adults. | 2011 | 20500231 |
| update: a food-borne outbreak of hepatitis a in the netherlands related to semi-dried tomatoes in oil, january-february 2010. | between 31 december 2009 and 10 february 2010, 13 patients were infected by an identical hepatitis a virus strain not previously detected in the netherlands. they had not been abroad and were widely distributed over the netherlands. a case-control study including 12 cases and 44 controls identified semi-dried tomatoes in oil as the source of the outbreak (odds ratio: 20.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.5-274). the virus was not detected in any of 81 tested food samples. international trace-back is ... | 2010 | 20504389 |
| imported mollusks and dissemination of human enteric viruses. | | 2010 | 20507771 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus in patients with chronic liver disease from kerala: impact on vaccination policy. | hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination is recommended worldwide for patients with chronic liver disease to prevent decompensation due to superinfection with hav. there are recent reports of decline in hav seroprevalence in developing countries, where hepatitis a was considered hyperendemic. this phenomenon would have implication on policy of hepatitis a vaccination in chronic liver disease in our region. the aim of the study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of hav antibodies in patients with chro ... | 2009 | 20509469 |
| role of cd4 count in immunity development after hepatitis a and b vaccination among hiv-infected patients: kentucky, 2002-2007. | to determine whether lower prevaccination cd4 counts decrease odds of immune development against hepatitis a virus/hepatitis b virus (hav/hbv) among patients who receive the vaccine and examine the relationship between vaccine response and sex, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, tobacco use, substance abuse, or comorbidities. | 2010 | 20530473 |
| prevalence- and gender-specific immune response to opportunistic infections in hiv-infected patients in lesotho. | the objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of coinfecting viruses and treponema pallidum (t. pallidum) in a cohort of 205 antiretrovirally treated hiv-infected individuals (152 females and 53 males, aged: 19-71 years) in rural lesotho. furthermore agent-specific immune responses were investigated by analyzing antibody titers against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and against t. pallidum. | 2010 | 20531031 |
| determinants in 3dpol modulate the rate of growth of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav), an atypical member of the picornaviridae, grows poorly in cell culture. to define determinants of hav growth, we introduced a blasticidin (bsd) resistance gene into the virus genome and selected variants that grew at high concentrations of bsd. the mutants grew fast and had increased rates of rna replication and translation but did not produce significantly higher virus yields. nucleotide sequence analysis and reverse genetic studies revealed that a t6069g change resulti ... | 2010 | 20534860 |
| fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with acute hepatitis a. | | 2010 | 20536504 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus in children of different age groups in tehran, iran: implications for health policy. | hepatitis a is one of the most frequently reported vaccine-preventable diseases throughout the world and remains endemic in many areas. studies in various communities have shown that hepatitis a virus (hav) prevalence rises with age. the current data regarding hepatitis a epidemiology in iran is limited. the aim of this study was to determine the seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in children of different age groups in tehran, iran. | 2010 | 20541138 |
| low-dose irradiation improves microbial quality and shelf life of fresh mint (mentha piperita l.) without compromising visual quality. | the effects of low-dose irradiation (0.25 to 2 kgy) and postirradiation storage (at 4 degrees c) on microbial and visual quality, color values (l*, a*, b*, chroma, and hue [ degrees ]), and chlorophyll content (chl a, chl b, and total chl) of fresh mint were evaluated. samples inoculated with e. coli o157:h7, salmonella, and ms2 bacteriophage were irradiated and evaluated. e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella populations were reduced by 2 to 2.4, 3.5, and 5.8 log cfu/g, respectively, 1 d after treatme ... | 2010 | 20546414 |
| the hepatitis b virus x protein disrupts innate immunity by downregulating mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein. | previous studies have shown that both hepatitis a virus and hepatitis c virus inhibit innate immunity by cleaving the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (mavs) protein, an essential component of the virus-activated signaling pathway that activates nf-kappab and ifn regulatory factor-3 to induce the production of type i ifn. for human hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis b s-ag, hepatitis b e-ag, or hbv virions have been shown to suppress tlr-induced antiviral activity with reduced ifn-beta producti ... | 2010 | 20554965 |
| meningoencephalitis associated with hepatitis a infection: a case report and review of literature. | hepatitis a virus uncommonly causes neurological problems. among these manifestations meningoencephalitis is very rare. we describe the clinical and laboratory features of a young boy with hepatitis a associated meningoencephalitis and compare it with other cases which had the same diagnoses. | 2010 | 20555050 |
| a nationwide survey of past hepatitis a infections among canadian adults. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection rates in canada are low and declining. a nationwide pediatric serosurvey in 2003 confirmed that hav infection is uncommon in children. additional seroepidemiological data for adults would help to guide domestic use of hav vaccines. | 2010 | 20558251 |
| vaccination rate and seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in chronic-hepatitis-b-infected individuals in the korean army. | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) is recommended for patients with chronic hepatitis b (chb), since they are potentially at an increased risk of hav-related morbidity and mortality. however, little is known about the adherence to these recommendations in the community. this study evaluated the current vaccination status and immunity against hav among korean military soldiers with chb. | 2010 | 20559523 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies with a controlled n-glycosylation pattern in seeds of arabidopsis thaliana. | seed-specific expression is an appealing alternative technology for the production of recombinant proteins in transgenic plants. whereas attractive yields of recombinant proteins have been achieved by this method, little attention has been paid to the intracellular deposition and the quality of such products. here, we demonstrate a comparative study of two antiviral monoclonal antibodies (mabs) (ha78 against hepatitis a virus; 2g12 against hiv) expressed in seeds of arabidopsis wild-type (wt) pl ... | 2011 | 20561245 |
| internal ribosomal entry-site activities of clinical isolate-derived hepatitis a virus and inhibitory effects of amantadine. | aim: little is known about specific naturally-occurring internal ribosomal entry site (ires) activities of hepatitis a virus (hav). we examined these activities using the bicistronic reporter assay and the effects of antiviral amantadine against their activities. methods: six hav ires clones from three patients with fulminant hepatitis and three with self-limited acute hepatitis were obtained. the activities of their ires were analyzed using bicistronic reporter assay in hepatocyte- and non-hepa ... | 2010 | 20561355 |
| atypical manifestations of hepatitis a infection: a prospective, multicenter study in korea. | the clinical outcome of symptomatic hepatitis a and the incidence and clinical characteristics of atypical presentation of hepatitis a were studied using prospective, multicenter design. the atypical presentation included delayed anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) immunoglobulin m (igm) seroconversion defined as positive anti-hav igm on the repeated test within 7 days of hospital admission after the initially negative result, prolonged cholestasis, and acute kidney injury (aki). a total of 595 patient ... | 2010 | 20572083 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus and bacterial contamination in raw oysters in thailand. | this study was conducted to determine the presence of hepatitis a virus (hav) in raw oysters (crassostrea belcheri) using a virus concentration method and reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-nested pcr). a total of 220 oyster samples were collected from oyster farms and local markets in thailand. hav was found in three oyster samples. nested pcr products of hav detected in oysters were characterized further by dna sequencing of the vp1/2a region and subjected to phylogenet ... | 2010 | 20578489 |
| changing prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus in adolescents in a rural township in taiwan. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is transmitted through the oral-anal route. areas of low prevalence of anti-hav might have risks for a hepatitis a outbreak even under accidental infection as the source can spread easily. the prevalence of anti-hav among children in taipei is reported to be nearly 0%; however, the prevalence in rural areas remains undetermined. our study aims to realize the prevalence change in a rural area. | 2010 | 20584510 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a affecting a nursery school and a primary school. | between march and june 2008, 12 cases of hepatitis a were notified in winchester. cases were from a primary school and a nursery school with no direct linkage. hepatitis a virus (hav) rna sequenced from nine cases confirmed the strain in both schools to be identical. the outbreak could have affected three other schools and a maternity unit and was controlled by immunization and screening of neonates in the maternity unit by dried blood spots. no neonates were infected and no further cases were r ... | 2011 | 20587119 |
| epidemiology and genetic characterization of hepatitis a virus genotype iia. | three hepatitis a virus (hav) genotypes, i, ii, and iii, divided into subtypes a and b, infect humans. genotype i is the most frequently reported, while genotype ii is hardly ever isolated, and its genetic diversity is unknown. from 2002 to 2007, a french epidemiological survey of hav identified 6 iia isolates, mostly from patients who did not travel abroad. the possible african origin of iia strains was investigated by screening the 2008 mandatory notification records of hav infection: 171 hav ... | 2010 | 20592136 |
| development of an rna extraction protocol for detection of waterborne viruses by reverse transcriptase quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr). | rna extraction from environmental samples yields frequently an rna preparation containing inhibitors of molecular reactions. commercial rna extraction kits commonly permit extraction of only 0.1-0.2 ml sample volume. an rna extraction buffer (rnax buffer) was formulated for the extraction of viral rna from 4.0 ml using a silica column based protocol. to evaluate the rnax buffer based protocol, we used hepatitis a virus (hav) and coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) to monitor the rna extraction efficiency f ... | 2010 | 20600332 |
| evaluation of a rapid method for recovery of norovirus and hepatitis a virus from oysters and blue mussels. | foodborne outbreaks caused by noroviruses (novs) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are often linked to consumption of contaminated shellfish. the objective of this study was to identify an appropriate virus recovery method for real-time reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr detection and subsequently to evaluate this method on shellfish bioaccumulated with virus in a collaborative study. five methods were compared for recovery of nov gii.7 and feline calicivirus from spiked digestive tissue of oysters and mu ... | 2010 | 20603152 |
| a comparison of hepatitis a and hepatitis b measures among vaccinated and susceptible online men who have sex with men. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) continue to be major health concerns among men who have sex with men (msm). the internet both facilitates high-risk sexual encounters and provides opportunities for promoting healthy behaviours. this study compared self-reported hav and hbv vaccination levels, based on demographics, health characteristics, hepatitis knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviours among msm using an online survey posted from february through june 2005. each participant ... | 2010 | 20606219 |
| [development of a multiplex technique for detecting simultaneously hav rna and hev rna.] | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is more and more frequently incriminated in hepatitis episodes. in non-endemic regions, it is clear now that this infection is autochthonous, and certainly a zoonosis and thus, that this virus must not only be assessed in hepatitis cases among travellers in endemic regions. in parallel, in endemic region, where hev, like hav, is mainly water-transmitted, important outbreaks still occur. this article describes the development and validation of a new molecular technique ... | 2010 | 20609530 |
| hepatitis a in men having sex with men (msms) in northern italy. | during 2009 there was an increased incidence of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection among homosexual males which, in our institute, outnumbered the number of cases in travellers, thus becoming the prime hav risk factor. some of our hav cases occurred in hiv-infected subjects. this observation underlines the action of hav as a sexually transmitted infection and urges preventive measures, such as routine hav vaccination in the hiv-infected population. | 2010 | 20610934 |
| naturally acquired hepatitis a antibodies after haematopoetic stem cell transplantation. | haematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients lose immune memory of exposure to infectious agents and vaccines accumulated throughout their lifetime and therefore need to be revaccinated. we aimed to evaluate the influence of different factors on hepatitis a virus (hav) immunity in both child and adult hsct recipients living in an intermediate endemic region, turkey. eighty patients (age range 2·5-57 years) who had hav serology prior to hsct were evaluated. the prevalence of hav seroposi ... | 2011 | 20619071 |
| a randomized clinical trial of immunization with combined hepatitis a and b versus hepatitis b alone for hepatitis b seroprotection in hemodialysis patients. | the centers for disease control and prevention recommend immunizing susceptible high-risk groups, such as hemodialysis patients, against hepatitis b virus. however, hemodialysis patients may not develop seroprotective antibodies despite receiving high doses of the vaccine. recent reports indicate that combined vaccination against hepatitis b and hepatitis a viruses may improve the immunogenicity of hepatitis b vaccine in healthy individuals, but the effectiveness of this strategy in hemodialysis ... | 2010 | 20630640 |
| nucleotide variability and translation efficiency of the 5' untranslated region of hepatitis a virus: update from clinical isolates associated with mild and severe hepatitis. | mutations in the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of hepatitis a virus (hav) have been associated with enhanced in vitro replication and viral attenuation in animal models. to address the possible role of ires variability in clinical presentation, ires sequences were obtained from hav isolates associated with benign (n = 8) or severe (n = 4) hepatitis. ires activity was assessed using a bicistronic dual-luciferase expression system in adenocarcinoma (hela) and hepatoma (huh7) cell lines. acti ... | 2010 | 20631141 |
| evaluation of an immunochromatographic assay for the detection of anti-hepatitis a virus igm. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a causative agent of acute hepatitis, which is transmitted by person-to-person contact and via the faecal-oral route. acute hav infection is usually confirmed by anti-hav igm detection. in order to detect anti-hav igm in the serum of patients infected with hav, we developed a rapid assay based on immunochromatography (ica) and evaluated the sensitivity of this assay by comparing it with a commercial microparticle enzyme immunoassay (meia) that is widely used for serolo ... | 2010 | 20637129 |
| impact of a statewide childhood vaccine program in controlling hepatitis a virus infections in alaska. | historically, alaska experienced cyclic hepatitis a virus (hav) epidemics, and the hav rate among alaska native people was significantly higher than among other racial/ethnic groups. we evaluated the impact of universal childhood vaccination, initiated in 1996, on hav epidemiology in alaska by analyzing hav cases reported to the state of alaska. hav incidence in all age groups declined 98.6% from 60.0/100,000 in 1972-1995 to 0.9/100,000 in 2002-2007. the largest decrease (99.9%) was in alaska na ... | 2010 | 20637769 |
| rna extraction method for the pcr detection of hepatitis a virus in shellfish. | viruses are the leading cause of foodborne illness associated with the consumption of raw or slightly-cooked contaminated shellfish. this study evaluated the e.z.n.a. mollusc rna extraction and purification kit for the detection of hav in shellfish. the e.z.n.a. method, based on the cationic detergent, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, in conjunction with a selective rna binding silica matrix, efficiently isolated viral rna with a detection limit of 1tcid(50)/ml by hemi-nested pcr. this method pr ... | 2010 | 20638741 |
| use of a mixture of surrogates for infectious bioagents in a standard approach to assessing disinfection of environmental surfaces. | we used a mixture of surrogates (acinetobacter baumannii, mycobacterium terrae, hepatitis a virus, and spores of geobacillus stearothermophilus) for bioagents in a standardized approach to test environmental surface disinfectants. each carrier containing 10 microl of mixture received 50 microl of a test chemical or saline at 22 +/- 2 degrees c. disinfectant efficacy criteria were > or = 6 log(10) reduction for the bacteria and the spores and > or = 3 log(10) reduction for the virus. peracetic ac ... | 2010 | 20639366 |
| [hepatitis a vaccination three days before departure to eastern europe?]. | vaccination against hepatitis a is indicated for travellers who visit areas with a high exposure to this type of virus. beside tropical areas an active vaccination is indicated for the whole mediterranean area and eastern europe. this active vaccination is effective even short before departure due to the long incubation period of hepatitis a. | 2010 | 20687463 |
| control of hepatitis a by universal vaccination of children and adolescents: an achieved goal or a deferred appointment? | temporal trends of hepatitis a cases and vaccination coverage data against hepatitis a virus have been investigated to analyse the impact of the universal routine vaccination strategy more than 10 years from its introduction in puglia (region of southern italy). the basic reproductive number (r(0)) before vaccination introduction and the effective reproductive number (r(e)) after introduction have been calculated. a progressive decrease in incidence has been recorded in puglia during last 10 yea ... | 2010 | 20688041 |
| a predictive microbiology approach for thermal inactivation of hepatitis a virus in acidified berries. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a food-borne enteric virus responsible for outbreaks of hepatitis associated with consumption of raw vegetables. soft fruits, such as red berries, exposed to faecal contamination are increasingly responsible for collective food-borne illnesses associated with hav, when eaten raw or used in unprocessed foods. heat is the most effective measure for the inactivation of hav. thermal treatments are used on fruits as a decontamination method, but they have to be adapted to p ... | 2010 | 20688239 |
| quantification of enteric viruses, pathogen indicators, and salmonella bacteria in class b anaerobically digested biosolids by culture and molecular methods. | the most common class b biosolids in the united states are generated by mesophilic anaerobic digestion (mad), and mad biosolids have been used for land application. however, the pathogen levels in mad biosolids are still unclear, especially with respect to enteric viruses. in this study, we determined the occurrence and the quantitative levels of enteric viruses and indicators in 12 mad biosolid samples and of salmonella enterica in 6 mad biosolid samples. three dewatered biosolid samples were a ... | 2010 | 20693452 |
| assessment of adenovirus, hepatitis a virus and rotavirus presence in environmental samples in florianopolis, south brazil. | to assess the presence of human adenovirus (hadv), hepatitis a (hav) virus and rotavirus a (rv-a) in environmental samples from the southern region of brazil and to provide viral contamination data for further epidemiological studies and governmental actions. | 2010 | 20698910 |