| investigation of the leptin levels in the blood serum of cyprinus carpio (linnaeus, 1758) and capoeta trutta (heckel, 1843). | leptin is a peptide hormone secreted by adipose tissues in the various teleost fish and vertebrates. leptin has been suggested to have an important role in a range physiological function, including regulation of food intake, reproduction, immune function, energy expenditure, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. in this study, leptin levels in the blood serum of cyprinus carpio and capoeta trutta were determined. then the results were compared between two species and between sexes of each species. ... | 2015 | 25440001 |
| autoimmune features are associated with chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis. | chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis (carp) occurs more frequently in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (ipaa) with concomitant autoimmune disorders. the aim of this study was to assess the overlap between dysregulated immune features in patients with ipaa and their association with carp. | 2015 | 25437817 |
| immunological and histopathological responses of the kidney of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) sublethally exposed to glyphosate. | glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide frequently used world widely in agricultural and non-agricultural areas to control unwanted plants. health risk of chronic and subchronic exposure of glyphosate on animals and humans has received increasing attention in recent years. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of glyphosate on the immunoglobulin m (igm), complement c3 (c3), and lysozyme (lyz) in the kidney of common carp exposed to 52.08 or 104.15mgl(-1) of glyphosate for 168h. the ... | 2015 | 25434756 |
| in vitro and in vivo protective effect of arginine against lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory response in the intestine of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). | the present study was designed to assess the possible protective effects of arginine (arg) against lipopolysaccharide (lps) induced inflammatory response in juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) in vivo and in enterocytes in vitro. firstly, inflammatory response was established by exposing enterocytes to different concentrations of lps for 24 h. secondly, the protective effects of arg against subsequent lps exposure were studied in enterocytes. finally, we investigated whether dietary a ... | 2015 | 25433136 |
| carp il10 has anti-inflammatory activities on phagocytes, promotes proliferation of memory t cells, and regulates b cell differentiation and antibody secretion. | in the current study, we investigated the effects of carp il10 on phagocytes and lymphocytes. carp il10 shares several prototypical inhibitory activities on phagocytes with mammalian il-10, including deactivation of neutrophils and macrophages, as shown by inhibition of oxygen and nitrogen radical production, as well as reduced expression of proinflammatory genes and mhc genes involved in ag presentation. similar to mammalian il-10, carp il10 acts through a signaling pathway involving phosphoryl ... | 2015 | 25416810 |
| physiologic and biochemical assessments of koi (cyprinus carpio) following immersion in propofol. | to determine efficacy of propofol as an immersion agent to induce general anesthesia in koi (cyprinus carpio). | 2014 | 25406710 |
| structure of a sialo-oligosaccharide from glycophorin in carp red blood cell membranes. | we isolated a high-purity carp glycophorin from carp erythrocyte membranes and prepared the oligosaccharide fraction from glycophorin by β-elimination [1]. the oligosaccharide fraction was separated into two components (p-1 and p-2) using a glyco-pak deae column. these o-linked oligosaccharides (p-1 and p-2) were composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, n-acetylgalactosamine and n-glycolylneuraminic acid (neugc). the p-1 and p-2 contained one and two neugc residues, respectively, and the p-1 exhi ... | 2014 | 25402951 |
| evaluation of cryoprotective effect of turkish pine honey on common carp (cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa. | the cryopreservation procedures that allow preserving sperm cells have been applied for sperm of many species. a sugar like glucose, fructose and sucrose were frequently used in cryomedia but up to the present pine honey was not used for cryopreservation of sperm cells. | 2014 | 25397958 |
| anti-carp antibodies as promising marker to measure joint damage and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpa) are important serological markers in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and are part of the recent disease classification criteria. however, there is a strong need for reliable markers for measuring and predicting joint damage and disease activity. recently, antibodies directed against carbamylated antigens (anti-carp antibodies) were identified. a total of 120 ra patients were tested for anti-ccp antibodies using different methods and for ant ... | 2015 | 25391608 |
| improvement of gamete quality and its short-term storage: an approach for biotechnology in laboratory fish. | in fish, in vitro fertilization is an important reproductive tool used as first step for application of others biotechniques as chromosome and embryo manipulation. in this study, we aimed to optimize gamete quality and their short-term storage from the yellowtail tetra astyanax altiparanae, for future application in laboratory studies. working with sperm, we evaluated the effects of spawning inducers (carp pituitary gland and ovopel® [(d-ala6, pro9-net) - mgnrh+metoclopramide]) and the presence ... | 2015 | 25391393 |
| the shortened spinal cord in tetraodontiform fishes. | in teleosts, the spinal cord generally extends along the entire vertebral canal. the tetraodontiformes, in which the spinal cord is greatly reduced in length with a distinct long filum terminale and cauda equina, have been regarded as an aberration. the aims of this study are: 1) to elucidate whether the spinal cord in all tetraodontiform fishes shorten with the filum terminale, and 2) to describe the gross anatomical and histological differences in the spinal cord among all families of the tetr ... | 2015 | 25388857 |
| the relationship between the distribution of common carp and their environmental dna in a small lake. | although environmental dna (edna) has been used to infer the presence of rare aquatic species, many facets of this technique remain unresolved. in particular, the relationship between edna and fish distribution is not known. we examined the relationship between the distribution of fish and their edna (detection rate and concentration) in a lake. a quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay for a region within the cytochrome b gene of the common carp (cyprinus carpio or 'carp'), an ubiquitous invasive fish, w ... | 2014 | 25383965 |
| carp edema virus/koi sleepy disease: an emerging disease in central-east europe. | koi sleepy disease (ksd), also known as carp edema virus (cev), was first reported from juvenile colour carp in japan in the 1970s. recently, this pox virus was detected in several european countries, including germany, france and the netherlands. in england, in addition to colour carp, outbreaks in common carp are reported. ksd/cev is an emerging infectious disease characterized by a typical sleepy behaviour, enophthalmia, generalized oedematous condition and gill necrosis, leading to hypoxia. ... | 2015 | 25382453 |
| comparison of plasma and tissue disposition of enrofloxacin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) after a single oral administration. | the aim of the study was to investigate the serum and tissue disposition of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) after a single oral administration at a dose of 10 mg kg(-1). concentrations of enrofloxacin in the serum of rainbow trout showed high variability with two peaks at the third and 24th hour after administration. the highest concentrations were found in the liver. the curves of liver levels showed s ... | 2015 | 25372241 |
| ex vivo digestion of carp muscle tissue--ace inhibitory and antioxidant activities of the obtained hydrolysates. | in the digestive tract of humans, bioactive peptides, i.e. protein fragments impacting the physiological activity of the body, may be released during the digestion of food proteins, including those of fish. the aim of the study was to establish the method of human ex vivo digestion of carp muscle tissue and evaluate the angiotensin i-converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of hydrolysates obtained after digestion. it was found that the hydrolysates of carp muscle tissue obtained ... | 2015 | 25367247 |
| quantification of malondialdehyde by hplc-fl - application to various biological samples. | malondialdehyde (mda) is stabile product of lipid peroxidation (lpo), and therefore mda is frequently used as a biomarker of lpo. to determine mda level in various biological samples (human plasma, fish liver tissue and cells in culture), we used an hplc method with fluorescent detection based on 2-thiobarbituric acid (tba) assay. the method was validated by the use of spiked pooled plasma samples. in tested concentration range (0.15-3.0 µmol/l) the method was linear (r(2) = 0.9963), the betwee ... | 2015 | 25355691 |
| difference in the gain in the phototransduction cascade between rods and cones in carp. | in the vertebrate retina, there are two types of photoreceptors, rods and cones. rods are highly light-sensitive and cones are less light-sensitive. one of the possible mechanisms accounting for the lower light-sensitivity in cones would be lower signal amplification, i.e., lower gain in the phototransduction cascade in cones. in this study, we compared the difference in the gain between rods and cones electrophysiologically in carp. the initial rising phases of the light responses were analyzed ... | 2014 | 25355220 |
| screening of ssr markers associated with scale cover pattern and mapped to a genetic linkage map of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | fish scale is an attractive model in bone physiology research and is also a crucial character for breeding new varieties. thus, it is important to identify loci in the genome associated with scale formation. in this study, 290 microsatellite markers in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were selected and tested for their segregation in a full-sib mapping panel containing 96 individuals (population 1). association analysis identified seven simple sequence repeats (ssrs) (hlj2509, hlj3227, hlj3675, ... | 2015 | 25339596 |
| [distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in wild crucian carp and exposure estimation of dietary intake]. | the concentration and distribution of pbdes in liver, heart, brain, egg and muscle tissues of market farmed fish and wild river fish (crucian carp) from taizhou, which is a large e-waste recycling site in china, were quantitatively measured using gas chromatography -negative chemical ion tandem mass spectrometry (gc-nci-ms). the dietary intake of pbdes via the consumption of fish by the population of this region was also estimated. the results showed that the concentrations of pbdes in the muscl ... | 2014 | 25338396 |
| oxidative stress in cyprinus carpio induced by hospital wastewater in mexico. | the very wide range of activities performed in hospitals (care, diagnosis, hygiene, maintenance, research) require the use of a large variety of potentially ecotoxic substances such as surfactants, metals, disinfectants and pharmaceuticals. this study aimed to determine oxidative stress in the common carp cyprinus carpio induced by hospital wastewater (hww) in mexico. the median lethal concentration (lc50) and subsequently the lowest observed adverse effect level were determined. carp were expos ... | 2015 | 25336044 |
| genetic variation in labeo fimbriatus (cypriniformes: cyprinidae) populations as revealed by partial cytochrome b sequences of mitochondrial dna. | labeo fimbriatus, a medium sized carp is assessed as a commercially important aquaculture species in indian subcontinent. in the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure of four indian riverine populations of l. fimbriatus have been evaluated using partial cytochrome b sequences of mitochondrial dna. sequencing and analysis of this gene from 108 individuals defined 7 distinct haplotypes. haplotype diversity (hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) ranged from 0.067 to 0.405 and 0.0 ... | 2016 | 25329277 |
| effects of dietary fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation on the growth performance, haemato-immunological parameters, gut microbiota and stress resistance of common carp (cyprinus carpio) fry. | the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fructo-oligosaccharide (fos) (0, 1, 2 and 3%) supplementation on the growth performance, haemato-immunological parameters, cultivable autochthonous (non-adherent) intestinal microbiota and stress resistance of common carp (cyprinus carpio) fry (3·23 (sem 0·14) g). these parameters were measured after feeding the carp fry with the experimental diets for 7 weeks. dietary fos supplementation had no significant effects on the grow ... | 2014 | 25313574 |
| cloning and characterization of two subunits of calcineurin cdna in naked carp (gymnocypris przewalskii) from lake qinghai, china. | the naked carp (gymnocypris przewalskii), a native teleost, plays an important role in maintenance of the ecological balance in the system of lake qinghai (altitude, 3.2 km) on the qinghai-tibet plateau in china. calcineurin (cn) is the only member of the serine/threonine phosphatase family that can be activated by both ca2+ and calmodulin (cam) and involved in many important physiological processes such as salt tolerance/adaption. in this report, cdnas of cn catalytic subunit paralogue isoforms ... | 2014 | 25308739 |
| in-depth proteomic analysis of carp (cyprinus carpio l) spermatozoa. | using a combination of protein fractionation by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 348 proteins in carp spermatozoa, most of which were for the first time identified in fish. dynein, tubulin, hsp90, hsp70, hsp60, adenosylhomocysteinase, nkef-b, brain type creatine kinase, mitochondrial atp synthase, and valosin containing enzyme represent high abundance proteins in carp spermatozoa. these ... | 2014 | 25305539 |
| contrasting patterns of larval mortality in two sympatric riverine fish species: a test of the critical period hypothesis. | understanding the causal mechanisms that determine recruitment success is critical to the effective conservation of wild fish populations. although recruitment strength is likely determined during early life when mortality is greatest, few studies have documented age-specific mortality rates for fish during this period. we investigated age-specific mortality of individual cohorts of two species of riverine fish from yolksac larvae to juveniles, assaying for the presence of a "critical period": a ... | 2014 | 25299441 |
| differential response of two somatolactin genes to zinc or estrogen in pituitary of cyprinus carpio. | environmental changes affect gene expression that we addressed in the pituitary, a central regulatory organ at the interface between the central nervous system and the endocrine system. with the aim to reveal effects of changes in the aquatic environment on the expression of hypothalamo-hypophyseal factors, we characterized somatolactin (sl) in cyprinus carpio. sl, a fish specific pituitary hormone belonging to the prolactin (prl) superfamily, is involved in background adaptation, osmoregulation ... | 2015 | 25281789 |
| evaluation of long-term clinical and health service outcomes following coronary artery revascularisation in western australia (wacarp): a population-based cohort study protocol. | coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg) and percutaneous coronary interventions (pci) are procedures commonly performed on patients with significant obstructive coronary artery disease to relieve symptoms of ischaemia, improve survival or both. although the efficacy of both procedures at the individual level has been established, the impact of advances in coronary artery revascularisation procedures (carp) on long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness at the population level are yet to be assessed ... | 2014 | 25280811 |
| ablation of plasma membrane ca(2+)-atpase isoform 4 prevents development of hypertrophy in a model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. | the mechanisms linking the expression of sarcomeric mutant proteins to the development of pathological hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hcm) remain poorly understood. we investigated the role of the plasma membrane ca(2+)-atpase pmca4 in the hcm phenotype using a transgenic model that expresses mutant (glu180gly) α-tropomyosin (tm180) in heart. immunoblot analysis revealed that cardiac pmca4 expression was upregulated early in tm180 disease pathogenesis. this was accompanied by an inc ... | 2014 | 25280781 |
| tissue depletion of quinocetone and its five major metabolites in pigs, broilers, and carp fed quinocetone premix. | a residue depletion study was performed to investigate the tissue kinetics of quinocetone (1) and its major metabolites. quinocetone and its major metabolites were simultaneously quantitated with a high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (hplc-uv) method. a total of 25 pigs, 30 broilers, and 50 carp were fed 100 mg/kg quinocetone for 90, 42, and 60 days, respectively. liver, kidney, muscle, and fat (skin) tissues were collected at five different withdrawal times for analysis. results ... | 2014 | 25280481 |
| phagocytosis by thrombocytes is a conserved innate immune mechanism in lower vertebrates. | thrombocytes, nucleated hemostatic blood cells of non-mammalian vertebrates, are regarded as the functional equivalent of anucleated mammalian platelets. additional immune functions, including phagocytosis, have also been suggested for thrombocytes, but no conclusive molecular or cellular experimental evidence for their potential ingestion and clearance of infiltrating microbes has been provided till date. in the present study, we demonstrate the active phagocytic ability of thrombocytes in lowe ... | 2014 | 25278940 |
| different enzymatic activities in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) as potential biomarkers of exposure to the pesticide methomyl. | this study investigated the influence of the pesticide methomyl on different enzymatic activities in carp. the fish were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration (0.34 mg l-1) of methomyl for 15 days. on days 4 and 15, catalase (cat) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) activities were measured in the liver and gills. acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity in brain and muscle was also determined. liver catalase activity slightly increased in exposed fish when compared to controls, but it was statistic ... | 2014 | 25274935 |
| the dietary wood betony, stachys lavandulifolia vahl extract as a growth promoter and immune enhancer in common carp (cyprinus carpio). | the present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of wood betony (wb), stachys lavandulifolia extract on growth performance and some immune responses in common carp, cyprinus carpio. different concentrations of the wb extract 0, 2, 4 and 8% (g per 100 g of diet) were added to commercial diet. each treatment was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of fish having average initial weight of 44 ± 0.62 g for 10 weeks. the results showed that final weight, food conversion ratio, specific grow ... | 2014 | 27175131 |
| the combined effect of hypoxia and nutritional status on metabolic and ionoregulatory responses of common carp (cyprinus carpio). | in the present study, the combined effects of hypoxia and nutritional status were examined in common carp (cyprinus carpio), a relatively hypoxia tolerant cyprinid. fish were either fed or fasted and were exposed to hypoxia (1.5-1.8mg o2l(-1)) at or slightly above their critical oxygen concentration during 1, 3 or 7days followed by a 7day recovery period. ventilation initially increased during hypoxia, but fasted fish had lower ventilation frequencies than fed fish. in fed fish, ventilation retu ... | 2015 | 25263807 |
| managing conflicts arising from fisheries enhancements based on non-native fishes in southern africa. | southern africa has a long history of non-native fish introductions for the enhancement of recreational and commercial fisheries, due to a perceived lack of suitable native species. this has resulted in some important inland fisheries being based on non-native fishes. regionally, these introductions are predominantly not benign, and non-native fishes are considered one of the main threats to aquatic biodiversity because they affect native biota through predation, competition, habitat alteration, ... | 2014 | 25256916 |
| effects of temperature on auditory sensitivity in eurythermal fishes: common carp cyprinus carpio (family cyprinidae) versus wels catfish silurus glanis (family siluridae). | in ectothermal animals such as fish, -temperature affects physiological and metabolic processes. this includes sensory organs such as the auditory system. the reported effects of temperature on hearing in eurythermal otophysines are contradictory. we therefore investigated the effect on the auditory system in species representing two different orders. | 2014 | 25255456 |
| comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the genetic basis of skin color variation in common carp. | the common carp is an important aquaculture species that is widely distributed across the world. during the long history of carp domestication, numerous carp strains with diverse skin colors have been established. skin color is used as a visual criterion to determine the market value of carp. however, the genetic basis of common carp skin color has not been extensively studied. | 2014 | 25255374 |
| pharmacokinetics of sustained-release analgesics in mice. | buprenorphine and carprofen, 2 of the most commonly used analgesics in mice, must be administered every 8 to 12 h to provide sustained analgesia. sustained-release (sr) formulations of analgesics maintain plasma levels that should be sufficient to provide sustained analgesia yet require less frequent dosing and thus less handling of and stress to the animals. the pharmacokinetics of sr formulations of buprenorphine (bup-sr), butorphanol (butp-sr), fentanyl (fent-sr), carprofen (carp-sr), and mel ... | 2014 | 25255070 |
| development of a list of reference chemicals for evaluating alternative methods to in vivo fish bioaccumulation tests. | the aim to reduce the number of animals in experiments has highlighted the need to develop and validate nonanimal methods as alternatives to bioaccumulation studies using fish. the present study details a novel 3-tier approach to develop a list of reference compounds to aid this process. the approach was based on 1) the inclusion of relevant chemical classes supported by high-quality in vivo data for the bioconcentration factor (bcf), whole-body biotransformation rates (k(met)), and metabolism c ... | 2014 | 25244043 |
| genome sequence and genetic diversity of the common carp, cyprinus carpio. | the common carp, cyprinus carpio, is one of the most important cyprinid species and globally accounts for 10% of freshwater aquaculture production. here we present a draft genome of domesticated c. carpio (strain songpu), whose current assembly contains 52,610 protein-coding genes and approximately 92.3% coverage of its paleotetraploidized genome (2n = 100). the latest round of whole-genome duplication has been estimated to have occurred approximately 8.2 million years ago. genome resequencing o ... | 2014 | 25240282 |
| supplementary studies on myxobolus tsangwuensis chen, 1954 (myxozoa: myxosporea) infecting the gills of common carp cyprinus carpio (l.): molecular and histological data. | myxobolus tsangwuensis chen, 1954 is a common parasite infecting the gills of common carp cyprinus carpio (l.). it was described simply in the original description and its molecular data was absent, which makes the accurate diagnosis challenging. here we supplemented its description based on the morphological, histological and molecular data. it was characterized by the presence of small round or ellipsoidal plasmodia in the gills of host and histology showed the plasmodia developed in the capil ... | 2014 | 25236276 |
| differences in igy gut absorption in gastric rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and agastric common carp (cyprinus carpio) assessed in vivo and in vitro. | oral igy antibodies offer promising potential for passive immunization strategies. to evaluate barriers for successful igy plasma recovery after oral application in vivo, gastric rainbow trout and agastric common carp were comparatively assessed. a positive control that received a low dose of unspecific igy antibodies by intraperitoneal injection (0.0076 mg igy g bw(-1) d(-1); bw=body mass) was compared with an oral administration of 75 and 150 fold in rainbow trout (corresponding to 0.57 and 1. ... | 2015 | 25224559 |
| the life cycle and molecular phylogeny of a gorgoderid trematode recorded from the mussel nodularia douglasiae in the yodo river, japan. | in 2009, a novel larval trematode of the family gorgoderidae was found in the gonads of nodularia douglasiae (unionidae) from the lower reaches of the yodo river, osaka prefecture, japan. this is the first collection of trematodes in a unionid mussel in japan. we investigated the morphology and life cycle of the trematode, and conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis with other gorgoderid species, both those collected in the yodo river water system and those reported in the literature. immatu ... | 2015 | 25220581 |
| cylindrospermopsin induces oxidative stress and genotoxic effects in the fish clc cell line. | cylindrospermopsin (cyn) is a cyanotoxin detected in water reservoirs worldwide. the toxin is a potent protein synthesis inhibitor capable of adversely influencing a wide range of cell functions. while data on the prooxidative potency of cyn are inconsistent, genotoxic effects towards certain mammalian cell types have been described. however, such a potential on fish cells has not yet been investigated. hence, the aim of the study was to elucidate the prooxidative and genotoxic impact of cyn on ... | 2015 | 25219470 |
| expression of erk and p-erk proteins of erk signaling pathway in the kidneys of fluoride-exposed carp (cyprinus carpio). | chronic exposure to fluoride can result in a variety of adverse effects in fish. previously we indicated that high fluoride caused damage and apoptosis in the kidneys of the common carp, cyprinus carpio. in this study, the effects of fluoride on the expression and localization of erk and p-erk proteins in the erk signaling pathway were determined using western blotting and immunohistochemical methods in the kidneys of carp exposed to 0, 40, 80, 120mg/l fluoride, respectively. western blotting an ... | 2014 | 25190107 |
| retrograde positive contrast urethrocystography of the fish urogenital system. | the radiological differences between the urinary tract of dicentrarchus labrax, sparus aurata, tinca tinca, and cyprinus carpio are shown. in fresh water teleosts the urinary bladder is sigmoid and a short urethra leads to the urinary pore. genital and anal pores are present. in sparus aurata the urinary bladder has a globoid shape. in dicentrarchus labrax the urinary bladder is smaller and elongate. in both marine teleosts a single urogenital pore is visible. positive contrast was used to surv ... | 2014 | 25180198 |
| the beat goes on: cardiac pacemaking in extreme conditions. | in order for an animal to survive, the heart beat must go on in all environmental conditions, or at least restart its beat. this review is about maintaining a rhythmic heartbeat under the extreme conditions of anoxia (or very severe hypoxia) and high temperatures. it starts by considering the primitive versions of the protein channels that are responsible for initiating the heartbeat, hcn channels, divulging recent findings from the ancestral craniate, the pacific hagfish (eptatretus stoutii). i ... | 2015 | 25178563 |
| pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in immune organs of the common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos. | atrazine (atr) and chlorpyrifos (cpf) are toxic and subject to long-term in vivo accumulation in different aquatic species throughout the world. the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of atr, cpf and combined atr/cpf exposure on cytokines in the head kidney and spleen of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the carp were sampled after a 40-d exposure to cpf and atr, individually or in combination, followed by a 40-d recovery to measure the mrna expression of il-6fam (il-6), il-8 ... | 2014 | 25175644 |
| microsatellite-centromere mapping in common carp through half-tetrad analysis in diploid meiogynogenetic families. | gene-centromere (g-c) mapping provides insights into the understanding of the composition, structure, and evolution of vertebrate genomes. common carp (cyprinus carpio) is an important aquaculture fish and has been proposed to undertake tetraploidization. in this study, we selected 214 informative microsatellite markers across 50 linkage groups of a common carp genetic map to perform gene-centromere mapping using half-tetrad analysis. a total of 199 microsatellites were segregated under the mend ... | 2015 | 25171918 |
| uptake, tissue distribution, and depuration of total silver in common carp (cyprinus carpio) after aqueous exposure to silver nanoparticles. | the increased use and disposal of silver nanoparticles (agnps) has led to their release from wastewater treatment plants into surface waters and concern over potential for negative effects in aquatic organisms. investigations of the toxicity of agnps in fish have considered various species, exposure routes, and test end points; however, the toxicokinetics of total silver has not been studied in fish exposed to aqueous agnps. in this study, we investigated the toxicokinetics of total silver in co ... | 2014 | 25171685 |
| transcription alteration of immunologic parameters and histopathological damage in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) caused by paraquat. | the toxic effects of paraquat (pq) on the transcription of immunoglobulin m (igm), complement c3 (c3), and lysozyme (lyz) and the histopathological alteration of the liver, kidney, and spleen of common carp were evaluated by subacute exposure to 1.596 or 3.192 mg/l of pq for 7 days. the results demonstrated that pq exposure altered the transcription of igm, c3, and lyz. for example, igm and c3 expression was generally downregulated, but lyz was either down- or upregulated, suggesting that pq may ... | 2015 | 25171222 |
| molecular fingerprinting of the myxozoan community in common carp suffering swim bladder inflammation (sbi) identifies multiple etiological agents. | swim bladder inflammation (sbi) is an important disease of common carp fingerlings in central europe. in the 1980s, its etiology was ascribed to multicellular proliferative stages of the myxozoan parasite sphaerospora dykovae (formerly s. renicola). s. dykovae was reported to proliferate in the blood and in the swim bladder prior to the invasion of the kidney, where sporogony takes place. due to the presence of emerging numbers of proliferative myxozoan blood stages at different carp culture sit ... | 2014 | 25167920 |
| biomarkers for radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis. | treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is rarely personalized, since predictors of disease course are lacking. the severity of ra can be measured objectively by radiographic progression. the most reliable way to measure radiographic progression is in a longitudinal cohort with serial time points, scoring on a quantitative scale, with a validated scoring method and trained readers. current models used to predict radiographic progression are based on c-reactive protein and anti-citru ... | 2015 | 25163742 |
| adaptive immune responses at mucosal surfaces of teleost fish. | this review describes the extant knowledge on the teleostean mucosal adaptive immune mechanisms, which is relevant for the development of oral or mucosal vaccines. in the last decade, a number of studies have shed light on the presence of new key components of mucosal immunity: a distinct immunoglobulin class (igt or igz) and the polymeric ig receptor (pigr). in addition, intestinal t cells and their putative functions, antigen uptake mechanisms at mucosal surfaces and new mucosal vaccination st ... | 2014 | 25150451 |
| the use of vertical constructed wetland and ultrasound in aquaponic systems. | treatment performance, fish production, crop plant biomass production, water consumption, and water use efficiency of a pilot aquaponic system for small-scale land-based cyprinid fish farms were evaluated. the system consisted of a 36 m(3) pond a with an initial carp load of 0.6 kg/m(3); of a treatment chain with a lamellar settler, a roughing filter, a vertical constructed wetland filled with expanded clay and planted with tomatoes; and of a low power ultrasound unit installed in the corner of ... | 2015 | 25146120 |
| use of structured expert judgment to forecast invasions by bighead and silver carp in lake erie. | identifying which nonindigenous species will become invasive and forecasting the damage they will cause is difficult and presents a significant problem for natural resource management. often, the data or resources necessary for ecological risk assessment are incomplete or absent, leaving environmental decision makers ill equipped to effectively manage valuable natural resources. structured expert judgment (sej) is a mathematical and performance-based method of eliciting, weighting, and aggregati ... | 2015 | 25132396 |
| effect of setting temperature on glucono-δ-lactone-induced gelation of silver carp surimi. | setting temperature is important for heat-induced surimi gel formation. however, there is little information concerning setting temperature on the properties of glucono-δ-lactone (gdl)-induced surimi gel, which is considered a new preparation technique. | 2015 | 25131135 |
| molecular responses in digestive tract of juvenile common carp after chronic exposure to sublethal tributyltin. | the effect of long-term exposure to tributyltin (tbt) on the intestine-related biochemical biomarkers in common carp was investigated in this study. fish were exposed at sub-lethal concentrations of tbt (75 ng/l, 0.75 and 7.5 μg/l) for 60 days. multiple biomarkers were measured, including digestive enzymes (trypsin, lipase and amylase), antioxidant responses (malondialdehyde (mda) and total antioxidative capacity (t-aoc)), rna/dna ratio and the expression of digestive-related genes (try, lipc an ... | 2014 | 25129219 |
| comparatively examining of the apelin-13 levels in the capoeta trutta (heckel, 1843) and cyprinus carpio (linnaeus, 1758). | apelin is a recently discovered peptide produced by several tissues in the various vertebrates and fish. apelin has been suggested to have role in regulation of many diverse physiological functions including food intake, energy homoeostasis, immunity, osmoregulation and reproduction. in this study, apelin-13 levels in the blood serum of cyprinus carpio and capoetta trutta were determined. then the results were compared between two species and sexes of each species. apelin-13 level was analysed u ... | 2015 | 25124358 |
| determination of heavy metal contents in some freshwater fishes. | the concentrations of heavy metals in tench, pike-perch, and common carp fish caught in four different seasons from damsa dam lake (nevşehir) were determined. heavy metal contents of fishes changed depending on seasons. the highest al (20.894 mg/kg) in tench was established in winter, and the lowest al (1.605 mg/kg) was determined in summer. fe content of tench fish changed between 112.906 mg/kg (autumn) and 31.207 mg/kg (spring). in addition, zn contents of tench were found between 36.0323 mg/k ... | 2014 | 25119695 |
| [ovarian tumor in a koi carp (cyprinus carpio): diagnosis, surgery, postoperative care and tumour classification]. | although ovarian tumour in the koi (cyprinus carpio) does not appear to be an uncommon condition, its occurrence and therapy has rarely been reported. in the present case, the decision for surgery was based on clinical and sonographic findings of an intracoelomic mass. we used tricaine methansulfonate for the anaesthesia. laparotomy was performed by ventral access and an ovarian tumour of 12-cm diameter was removed. the wound was sutured in two layers using vicryl®. in addition to the applicatio ... | 2014 | 25119634 |
| solution and high-pressure nmr studies of the structure, dynamics, and stability of the cross-reactive allergenic cod parvalbumin gad m 1. | beta-parvalbumins from different fish species have been identified as the main elicitors of ige-mediated reactions in fish-allergic individuals. here, we report for the first time the nmr determination of the structure and dynamics of the major atlantic cod (gadus morhua) allergen gad m 1 and compare them with other known parvalbumins. although the gad m 1 structure and accessibility of putative ige epitopes are similar to parvalbumins in mackerel and carp, the charge distribution at the putativ ... | 2014 | 25116395 |
| isolation and characterization of glycophorin from carp red blood cell membranes. | we isolated a high-purity carp glycophorin from carp erythrocyte membranes following extraction using the lithium diiodosalicylate (lis)-phenol method and streptomycin treatment. the main carp glycophorin was observed to locate at the position of the carp and human band-3 proteins on an sds-polyacrylamide gel. only the n-glycolylneuraminic acid (neugc) form of sialic acid was detected in the carp glycophorin. the oligosaccharide fraction was separated into two components (p-1 and p-2) using a gl ... | 2014 | 25110961 |
| the effect of nc₆₀ on tissue distribution of ibuprofen in cyprinus carpio. | the potential transfer of fullerene aqueous suspension (nc₆₀) associated contaminants in vivo is one of the most significant and currently not well-understood environmental risks. in this study, the carrier function of nc₆₀ for ibuprofen (ibu) was examined through whole-body and tissue distribution determination of nc₆₀ and ibu in cyprinus carpio. the results showed that the presence of nc₆₀ only slightly increased the whole-body burden of ibu, because the amount of soluble ibu far exceeds that ... | 2014 | 25108247 |
| potential effects of hydroelectric dam development in the mekong river basin on the migration of siamese mud carp (henicorhynchus siamensis and h. lobatus) elucidated by otolith microchemistry. | the migration of siamese mud carp (henicorhynchus siamensis and h. lobatus), two of the most economically important fish species in the mekong river, was studied using an otolith microchemistry technique. fish and river water samples were collected in seven regions throughout the whole basin in thailand, laos and cambodia over a 4 year study period. there was coherence between the elements in the ambient water and on the surface of the otoliths, with strontium (sr) and barium (ba) showing the st ... | 2014 | 25099147 |
| [macroscopic and microscopic identification of amomum tsao-ko and amomum paratsao-ko fruits]. | to compare macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the fruits of amomum tsao-ko and amomum paratsao-ko. | 2014 | 25095341 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of paramisgurnus dabryanus. | in this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of paramisgurnus dabryanus was obtained by pcr base on 18 pairs of primers. among the 18 primers, the 14 primers were from the previously published universal primers for cyprinus carpio l. mitogenome amplification. the remaining 4 primers were designed on the basis of related species mtdna sequences. the genome is 16,570 bp in length, including 2 ribosomal rna genes. 13 proteins-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, and a non-coding control region, ... | 2016 | 25090380 |
| micro structure analysis of the ovaries of common carp, cyprinus carpio l. inhabiting a polluted reservoir, umiam in meghalaya, india. | the study uses microscopy to analyze damage caused to the ovaries of a fresh water fish, cyprinus carpio l., owing to its exposure to municipal wastes in a polluted reservoir, umiam in meghalaya, india. histological analysis of the ovary showed atretic oocytes, detached ovarian wall, detached follicular linings, and necrosis of nuclei. scanning electron microscopy revealed deformed oocytes with a rough and distorted surface. transmission electron microscopy showed a poorly developed chorion, pre ... | 2014 | 25089745 |
| cytosolic carp promotes angiotensin ii- or pressure overload-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through calcineurin accumulation. | the gene ankyrin repeat domain 1 (ankrd1) is an enigmatic gene and may exert pleiotropic function dependent on its expression level, subcellular localization and even types of pathological stress, but it remains unclear how these factors influence the fate of cardiomyocytes. here we attempted to investigate the role of carp on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (nrvcs), angiotensin ii (ang ii) increased the expression of both calpain 1 and carp, and also induce ... | 2014 | 25089522 |
| skeletal muscle plasticity induced by seasonal acclimatization involves igf1 signaling: implications in ribosomal biogenesis and protein synthesis. | one of the most fundamental biological processes in living organisms that are affected by environmental fluctuations is growth. in fish, skeletal muscle accounts for the largest proportion of body mass, and the growth of this tissue is mainly controlled by the insulin-like growth factor (igf) system. by using the carp (cyprinus carpio), a fish that inhabits extreme conditions during winter and summer, we assessed the skeletal muscle plasticity induced by seasonal acclimatization and the relation ... | 2014 | 25088252 |
| the in vitro interference of synthetic progestogens with carp steroidogenic enzymes. | synthetic progestogens represent a class of pharmaceuticals widely used in oral contraceptives and in hormone replacement therapies. they reach the aquatic environment through wastewater effluents; however, environmental concentrations and effects on non-target organisms are poorly known. given the important role of progestogens regulating fish spawning processes, this study aimed at assessing the in vitro interference of four currently used progestogens-drospirenone (dro), levonorgestrel (lng), ... | 2014 | 25087002 |
| copper exposure induces oxidative injury, disturbs the antioxidant system and changes the nrf2/are (cuznsod) signaling in the fish brain: protective effects of myo-inositol. | the brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrates, and homeostasis of the brain is crucial for fish survival. copper (cu) is essential for normal cellular processes in most eukaryotic organisms but is toxic in excess. although cu is indicated as a potent neurotoxicant, information regarding its threat to fish brain and underlying mechanisms is still scarce. in accordance, the objective of this study was to assess the effects and the potential mechanism of cu toxicity by evaluating ... | 2014 | 25087001 |
| protection of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) spermatozoa motility under oxidative stress by antioxidants and seminal plasma. | the protective influence of seminal plasma and the antioxidants catalase (cat), superoxide dismutase (sod), and glutathione (gth) on quality parameters, oxidative stress indices, and antioxidant activity was studied in common carp (cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa exposed to the xanthine-xanthine oxidase (x-xo) system. fish spermatozoa were incubated for 5 and 20 min at 4 °c with x-xo concentrations of 1 mm x-0.1 u/ml, 0.6 mm x-0.05 u/ml, 0.3 mm x-0.025 u/ml, and 0.1 mm x-0.0125 u/ml. a dose-depende ... | 2014 | 25079247 |
| qtl mapping for economically important traits of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | quantitative trait loci (qtl) were analyzed for three economically important traits, i.e., body weight (bw), body length (bl), and body thickness (bt), in an f1 family of common carp holding the 190 progeny. a genetic linkage map spanning 3,301 cm in 50 linkage groups with 627 markers and an average distance of 5.6 cm was utilized for qtl mapping. sixteen qtls associated with all three growth-related traits were scattered across ten linkage groups, lg6, lg10, lg17, lg19, lg25, lg27, lg28, lg29, ... | 2015 | 25078056 |
| determination of pesticide residues in fish tissues by modified quechers method and dual-d-spe clean-up coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | the aim of this research was to modify the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (quechers) method for the determination of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides in fatty animal matrices such as fish muscle tissues of carp and sturgeon collected from carp valley, lesser poland. pesticides extraction effectiveness was evaluated at 0.030 mg kg(-1) spiking level and efficiency of the dispersive-solid-phase extraction (d-spe) clean-up step was evaluated by comparison testing two dif ... | 2015 | 25074831 |
| effectiveness of a sediment time critical removal action-pcb reduction in fish tissue, surface water, and sediment via wet excavation. | documenting successful remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-contaminated sediments is limited; potentially due to inadequate monitoring methods, complexities associated with the environment, and selected remedial techniques. at some sites, absence of appropriate baseline and postremoval monitoring limits proper evaluation of remedial efficacy. accurate interpretation of interactions between media, space, time, species, lipid content, and remedial technique requires robust study design a ... | 2015 | 25070026 |
| additive effects of predator cues and dimethoate on different levels of biological organisation in the non-biting midge chironomus riparius. | the combined effects of a pesticide and predation risk on sublethal endpoints in the midge chironomus riparius were investigated using a combination of predator-release kairomones from common carp (cyprinus carpio) and alarm substances from conspecifics together with the pesticide dimethoate. midge larvae were exposed for 30 days to three sublethal dimethoate concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 0.25 mg l(-1)) in the presence or absence of predator cues. sublethal endpoints were analysed at different l ... | 2014 | 25063887 |
| effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on dna methylation in the liver, kidney and gill of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | pesticide exposure has repeatedly been associated with cancers, although the molecular mechanisms behind this association are largely undetermined. abnormal dna methylation plays a key role in the process of some disease. however, little was known about the effect of pesticides on dna methylation in the common carp. in this study, we investigated the mrna levels of dna methyltransferases (dnmts) and methyl-cpg-binding protein dna-binding domain protein 2 (mbd2) as well as the dna methylation lev ... | 2014 | 25062446 |
| analyzing cold tolerance mechanism in transgenic zebrafish (danio rerio). | low temperatures may cause severe growth inhibition and mortality in fish. in order to understand the mechanism of cold tolerance, a transgenic zebrafish tg (smyd1:m3ck) model was established to study the effect of energy homeostasis during cold stress. the muscle-specific promoter smyd1 was used to express the carp muscle form iii of creatine kinase (m3-ck), which maintained enzymatic activity at a relatively low temperature, in zebrafish skeletal muscle. in situ hybridization showed that m3-ck ... | 2014 | 25058652 |
| differential effects of lipid fractions from silver carp brain on human cervical carcinoma cells in vitro. | previous research has revealed that n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) exhibit anticancer activities. lipids from a fish brain contain substantial n3 pufas. however, no research has been conducted on the action and mechanism of their potent anticancer activities. in this study, total lipids (tls) from silver carp brain were isolated into polar lipids (pls) and neutral lipids (nls), and the anticancer potential of the lipid fractions (lfs) was investigated using the human cervical carcinoma h ... | 2014 | 25047635 |
| occurrence of additive brominated flame retardants in aquatic organisms from tai lake and yangtze river in eastern china, 2009-2012. | since the phase-out of pbdes, reports regarding occurrences of these compounds in the environment have become less frequent. to characterize potential influences of the phase-out of pbdes' on concentrations in the environment, trends in concentrations as a function of time were investigated for two additive brominated flame retardants, pbdes and hbcds. three aquatic species, including shrimp, common carp, and yellow catfish, were collected from meiliang bay of tai lake, 2009-2012. the analysis o ... | 2014 | 25038592 |
| characterization and expression analysis of an interferon-γ2 induced chemokine receptor cxcr3 in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | chemokine and chemokine receptor signalling pairs play a crucial role in regulation of cell migration, morphogenesis, and cell activation. expressed in mammals on activated t and nk cells, chemokine receptor cxcr3 binds interferon-γ inducible chemokines cxcl9-11 and ccl21. here we sequenced the carp cxcr3 chemokine receptor and showed its relationship to cxcr3a receptors found in other teleosts. we found high expression of the cxcr3 gene in most of the organs and tissues of the immune system and ... | 2014 | 25036761 |
| mechanisms of neuroblastoma cell growth inhibition by carp-1 functional mimetics. | neuroblastomas (nbs) are a clinically heterogeneous group of extra cranial pediatric tumors. patients with high-risk, metastatic nbs have a long-term survival rate of below 40%, and are often resistant to current therapeutic modalities. due to toxic side effects associated with radiation and chemotherapies, development of new agents is warranted to overcome resistance and effectively treat this disease in clinic. carp-1 functional mimetics (cfms) are an emerging class of small molecule compounds ... | 2014 | 25033461 |
| the natural history of adp-ribosyltransferases and the adp-ribosylation system. | catalysis of nad(+)-dependent adp-ribosylation of proteins, nucleic acids, or small molecules has evolved in at least three structurally unrelated superfamilies of enzymes, namely adp-ribosyltransferase (art), the sirtuins, and probably tm1506. of these, the art superfamily is the most diverse in terms of structure, active site residues, and targets that they modify. the primary diversification of the art superfamily occurred in the context of diverse bacterial conflict systems, wherein arts pla ... | 2015 | 25027823 |
| duplication and differentiation of common carp (cyprinus carpio) myoglobin genes revealed by bac analysis. | two distinct myoglobin (mb) transcripts have been reported in common carp, cyprinus carpio, which is a hypoxia-tolerant fish living in habitats with greatly fluctuant dissolved oxygen levels. recombinant protein analysis has shown functional specialization of the two mb transcripts. in this work, analysis for mb-containing bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones indicated different genome loci for common carp myoglobin-1 (mb-1) and myoglobin-2 (mb-2) genes. fluorescence in situ hybridizatio ... | 2014 | 25026501 |
| pouchitis: prevention and treatment. | pouchitis, representing a spectrum of disease phenotypes, is the most common long-term complication in patients who have undergone restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (ipaa). its management and prevention are challenging. | 2014 | 25023187 |
| characterization and expression analysis of two distinct neuropeptide ya paralogues in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). | two distinct neuropeptide ya paralogues (jlnpya1 and jlnpya2) were cloned and characterized in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian), with a highly conserved organization encoded by four exons and three introns. the cdnas for jlnpya1 and jlnpya2 were 693 and 730 bp in size, respectively. jlnpya1 and jlnpya2 both encoded a 96-amino acid protein, which shared 97.9 % identity. phylogenetic tree showed that it has two npya genes, called jlnpya1 and jlnpya2, that presumably resulted from the tetraplo ... | 2014 | 25015546 |
| interaction of diet and the masou salmon δ5-desaturase transgene on δ6-desaturase and stearoyl-coa desaturase gene expression and n-3 fatty acid level in common carp (cyprinus carpio). | the masou salmon δ5-desaturase-like gene (d5d) driven by the common carp β-actin promoter was transferred into common carp (cyprinus carpio) that were fed two diets. for p1 transgenic fish fed a commercial diet, δ6-desaturase-like gene (d6d) and stearoyl-coa desaturase (scd) mrna levels in muscle were up-regulated (p < 0.05) 12.7- and 17.9-fold, respectively, and the d6d mrna level in the gonad of transgenic fish was up-regulated 6.9-fold (p < 0.05) compared to that of non-transgenic fish. in co ... | 2014 | 25011564 |
| protective effect of shrimp carotenoids against ammonia stress in common carp, cyprinus carpio. | this study is aimed at evaluating the protective effect of shrimp carotenoids on ammonia stress in common carp. crude carotenoid extract from shrimp exoskeleton, astaxanthin and astaxanthin ester fractionated from crude extract was fed to the common carp fingerlings at 100 and 200ppm concentration by incorporating carotenoids into feed. experimental and control fish were then exposed to sublethal dose of ammonia. serum total antioxidant status (tas), activities of superoxide dismutase (sod) and ... | 2014 | 25011116 |
| bioaccumulation and risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in wild freshwater fish from rivers in the pearl river delta region, south china. | per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (pfass) are used in various industries, which results in their ubiquitous occurrence in the environment. this study determined the concentrations of eighteen pfass in muscle and liver of nine wild freshwater fish species collected from rivers in the pearl river delta (prd) region, south china, and assessed their bioaccumulation and potential health risks to local people. the results showed that eight and twelve pfass were detected in the fish muscle and liver ... | 2014 | 25011114 |
| perfluoroalkyl acid contamination and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of french freshwater and marine fishes. | in this study, french marine and freshwater fish perfluoroalkyl acid (pfaa) contamination are presented along with their fatty acid (fa) composition to provide further elements for a risk/benefit balance of fish consumption to be assessed. the 29 most consumed marine fish species were collected in four metropolitan french coastal areas in 2004 to constitute composite samples. geographical differences in terms of consumed species and contamination level were taken into account. three hundred and ... | 2014 | 25004121 |
| the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of synthetic estrogen quinestrol in crucian carp. | the occurrence and fate of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) in aquatic species have attracted close attention during the last decades. in this study, the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of synthetic estrogen quinestrol, one of the typical edcs, in the plasma and liver of crucian carp, were investigated by a newly developed and validated reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection method. crucian carp were exposed to quinestrol in concentration of 2 ... | 2014 | 24997302 |
| identification of promoter within the first intron of plzf gene expressed in carp spermatogonial stem cells. | promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (plzf), a transcriptional repressor, is involved in survival and maintenance of pluripotent stem cells including embryonic and spermatogonial stem cells in mammals. its cdna was characterized and expression in proliferating spermatogonial stem cells of rohu (labeo rohita), a farmed carp, was documented. in teleost, the information on its promoter activity is lacking. here, we have isolated, sequenced and performed the first characterization of regulatory elemen ... | 2014 | 24990695 |
| toxic effects of paraquat on cytokine expression in common carp, cyprinus carpio l. | in this study, the acute toxicity of paraquat (pq) in common carp was determined. then, the contents and mrna levels of the cytokines interleukin-1β (il-1β), interferon-γ (ifn-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α) were evaluated following subacute exposure to pq. the results show that the lc50 of pq for common carp at 72 and 96 h was 15.962 and 15.106 mg/l, respectively. moreover, after 7 days of subacute pq exposure, the il-1β content in the fish liver and kidney increased, although it decrea ... | 2014 | 24989943 |
| mapping qtls for swimming ability related traits in cyprinus carpio l. | body height (bh), head length (hl), snout length (sl), and tail length (tl) are important traits related with swimming ability of fish. therefore, improving these traits will increase the production which is the basic goal of aquaculture breeding. to understand the genetic basis of swimming ability related traits in cyprinus carpio l., a high-density linkage map spanning 3,301 cm in 50 linkage groups was utilized for quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping. mapping family comprised 190 offspring ... | 2014 | 24985693 |
| effects of different concentrations of salt and sugar on biogenic amines and quality changes of carp (cyprinus carpio) during chilled storage. | biogenic amines have gained a great deal of attention due to their toxic potential in humans. carp is one of the most important freshwater fish species in china. salt and sugar are capable of preserving food. there is a limited amount of information on the changes of biogenic amines in freshwater fish influenced by salt and sugar. this study aimed to detect the changes in biogenic amines, sensory attributes, total volatile basic nitrogen (tvb-n) and total viable counts (tvc) of carp influenced b ... | 2015 | 24976408 |
| modulation of biochemical indices in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) under the influence of toxic cyanobacterial biomass in diet. | cyanobacteria are producers of potent and environmentally abundant microcystins, representing an emerging global health issue. in the present study, we investigated the impact of cyanobacterial biomass on biochemical indices of common carp (cyprinus carpio l., average weight of 246 ± 73 g) under laboratory conditions. the fish were fed a diet containing cyanobacterial biomass with microcystins in high concentration (0.4 mg/kg of fish weight and day) for 28 days. statistical evaluation of the inf ... | 2014 | 24972534 |
| potential human health risk by metal(loid)s, 234,238u and 210po due to consumption of fish from the "luis l. leon" reservoir (northern méxico). | concentrations of as, cu, fe, hg, pb and zn and activity concentrations from 234,238u and 210po in water, fillet, liver and gills were determined in three stocked fish species from the luis l. leon reservoir, located in northern mexico. the considered species were lepomis cyanellus, cyprinus carpio and ictalurus furcatus. 238u and 234u activity concentration (ac) in fillet samples showed values of 0.007-0.014 and 0.01-0.02 bq∙kg-1 wet weight (ww), respectively. liver samples for l. cyanellus, c. ... | 2014 | 24968208 |
| interaction between dopamine and neuropeptide y in the telencephalon of the indian major carp, cirrhinus cirrhosus. | in teleosts, while neuropeptide y (npy) has emerged as one of the potent regulators of gnrh-lh axis, entopeduncular nucleus (en) in the ventral telencephalon serves as major site for npy synthesis/storage. neurons of the en innervate preoptic area and pituitary, respond to gonadal steroids, undergo reproduction phase-related changes, and are believed to convey sex steroid-borne information to gnrh neurons. in spite of the importance of en, the neural circuitry associated with the nucleus has not ... | 2015 | 24967949 |
| assessment of microwave cooking on the bioaccessibility of cadmium from various food matrices using an in vitro digestion model. | bioaccessibility represents the maximum amount of pollutant ingested with food that is available for intestinal absorption. the measurement of bioaccessibility can achieve a more accurate risk assessment. thus, in this study, the bioaccessibility of raw/microwave-cooked store-bought food including carrot, potato, white radish, lotus root, sweet corn, long grain rice, soybean, fleshy prawn, eastern oyster, kelp, and common carp were investigated by applying an in vitro digestion method. a validat ... | 2014 | 24958019 |
| gnih and gnrh expressions in the central nervous system and pituitary of indian major carp, labeo rohita during ontogeny: an immunocytochemical study. | gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) is the major hypothalamic neuropeptide stimulating gonadotropin secretion in vertebrates. in 2000, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (gnih) was discovered as a hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibits gonadotropin secretion in birds. subsequent studies have shown that gnih is present in the brain of other vertebrates. we show for the first time gnih immunoreactivity in the central nervous system and pituitary during development of indian major carp, labeo rohit ... | 2015 | 24955881 |