| evaluation of current activities of fluoroquinolones against gram-negative bacilli using centralized in vitro testing and electronic surveillance. | given the propensity for enterobacteriaceae and clinically significant nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli to acquire antimicrobial resistance, consistent surveillance of the activities of agents commonly prescribed to treat infections arising from these organisms is imperative. this study determined the activities of two fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, and seven comparative agents against recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter b ... | 2001 | 11120976 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an increasing problem in patients with acute leukaemia. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia (previously pseudomonas maltophilia and xanthomonas maltophilia) is an increasing problem as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients such as those with acute leukaemia. infection is difficult to treat and eradicate due to its inherent and quickly acquired resistance to many antibiotics. presentation with unusual cutaneous lesions is not uncommon and can present diagnostic difficulties. we present two cases which highlight the classical features of thi ... | 1999 | 10512179 |
| survival of stenotrophomonas maltophilia following exposure to concentrations of tobramycin used in aerosolized therapy for cystic fibrosis patients. | the use of aerosolized tobramycin is an important component in the management of patients with cystic fibrosis, particularly those with chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. clinicians have been concerned that long-term therapy with aerosolized tobramycin may increase the risk of colonization with multi-resistant bacteria, including stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the ability of five strains (three clinical, two environmental) of s. maltophilia to survive exposure to 16000 microg/ml tobramycin ... | 2001 | 11137651 |
| influence of an infectious disease service on antibiotic prescription behavior and selection of multiresistant pathogens. | a routine infectious disease service was established in january 1998 in order to optimize the antibiotic usage and prescription pattern of a neurologic intensive care unit (nicu). | 2000 | 11139159 |
| [nosocomial infections in neonatal and pediatric intensive care. the appeal of ciprofloxacin]. | nosocomial infections, caused by multiresistant bacteria, are very common in neonatal intensive care units (niu) and they engage the vital prognosis. material and methods: from january 1994 to december 1995, 29 children suffered from nosocomial infections due to multiresistant bacteria. results: bacteria were isolated in blood cultures and/or in cerebrospinal fluid and included klebsiella (14 cases), enterobacter (eight cases), pseudomonas (three cases), acinetobacter (one case), stenotrophomona ... | 2000 | 11147060 |
| effects of empiric antibiotic administration for suspected pneumonia on subsequent opportunistic pulmonary infections. | optimal guidelines for empiric antibiotic (eab) therapy in cases of suspected post-traumatic ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) are not well defined. eab administration is thought to increase the incidence of opportunistic organisms; however, culture-directed (as opposed to empiric) treatment may delay antibiotic administration with possible adverse consequences. our goal was to examine the impact of eab administration on the incidence of subsequent vap and opportunistic organisms in a series ... | 2000 | 11149581 |
| comparison of serum bactericidal activity of ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and meropenem against stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | | 2001 | 11152445 |
| endotoxins and igg antibodies as indicators of occupational exposure to the microbial contaminants of metal-working fluids. | the aim of this study was to evaluate workers' exposure to microbes and bacterial endotoxins during the use of metal-working fluids (mwf). | 1999 | 10541909 |
| the in vitro activity of sulbactam combined with third generation cephalosporins against third generation cephalosporin-resistant bacteria. | the in vitro activity of the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam combined with cefuroxime, cefotaxime or ceftazidime in the ratio of 1:1 was studied against ceftazidime- or cefuroxime-resistant gram-negative rods and staphylococcus aureus. sulbactam enhanced the antibacterial activities of cefuroxime, cefotaxime and ceftazidime against gram-negative rods. the mic(90) of ceftazidime against escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, acinetobacter spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 2001 | 11165119 |
| nosocomial infections due to stenotrophmonas maltophilia. | | 1999 | 10563742 |
| resistance patterns among nosocomial pathogens: trends over the past few years. | multiple surveillance studies have demonstrated that resistance among prevalent pathogens is increasing at an alarming rate, leading to greater patient morbidity and mortality from nosocomial infections. among gram-positive organisms, the most important resistant pathogens are methicillin- (oxacillin-)resistant staphylococcus aureus, beta-lactam-resistant and multidrug-resistant pneumococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. important causes of gram-negative resistance include extended-spect ... | 2001 | 11171776 |
| metallo-beta-lactamase producers in environmental microbiota: new molecular class b enzyme in janthinobacterium lividum. | eleven environmental samples from different sources were screened for the presence of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing bacteria by using a selective enrichment medium containing a carbapenem antibiotic and subsequently testing each isolate for production of edta-inhibitable carbapenemase activity. a total of 15 metallo-beta-lactamase-producing isolates, including 10 stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates, 3 chryseobacterium spp., one aeromonas hydrophila isolate, and one janthinobacterium lividum ... | 2001 | 11181369 |
| nosocomial pneumonia likely caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia in two patients with polymyositis. | we report two cases of polymyositis (pm) complicated with nosocomial pneumonia probably caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which was resistant to multiple antimicrobials. in the first case, the chest ct findings and high serum endotoxin level as well as sputum culture results were helpful for the proper diagnosis and the therapy was successful. however the second patient died of a lung abscess in spite of the intensive antibiotic therapy. when pm patients develop pneumonia unresponsive to v ... | 1999 | 10563756 |
| outbreak of stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in allogenic bone marrow transplant patients: role of severe neutropenia and mucositis. | from march 1997 through november 1997, 8 allogenic bone marrow transplant (bmt) patients developed stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia on the hematology service at ucla medical center (los angeles). five of these patients had undergone transplantation during the same hospitalization that s. maltophilia bacteremia was detected (case patients). compared with 7 concurrently hospitalized allogenic bmt patients (control patients), the 5 case patients were more likely to have been hospitalized in ... | 2000 | 10619754 |
| risk factors for emergence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cystic fibrosis. | the number of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) whose sputum culture has yielded stenotrophomonas maltophilia has increased in the last 5 years at st. christopher's hospital for children. we conducted a case-control study to determine risk factors for recovery of s. maltophilia in respiratory secretions from patients with cf. we reviewed the outpatient and inpatient records of patients colonized with s. maltophilia between 1993 and 1997, and of age-matched (at time of initial recovery of s. mal ... | 2000 | 10862157 |
| the formation of migratory ripples in a mixed species bacterial biofilm growing in turbulent flow. | mixed-species biofilms, consisting of klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas fluorescens and stenotrophomonas maltophilia, were grown in glass flow cells under either laminar or turbulent flow. the biofilms grown in laminar flow consisted of roughly circular-shaped microcolonies separated by water channels. in contrast, biofilm microcolonies grown in turbulent flow were elongated in the downstream direction, forming filamentous 'streamers'. moreover, biofilms growing in turbu ... | 1999 | 11207765 |
| structures of the o4 and o18 antigens of stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a case of enantiomeric repeating units. | the o-specific side-chain polymers of lipopolysaccharides from the reference strains for stenotrophomonas maltophilia serogroups 04 and o18 are both xylosylated rhamnans. in the 04 polymer, both sugar components are the d isomers, whereas the o18 polymer contains only the l isomers. by means of nmr spectroscopy, methylation analysis and smith degradation, the repeating unit of the 04 polymer was identified as a doubly-branched pentasaccharide of the structure shown below. the o18 polymer is base ... | 2001 | 11217974 |
| occurrence and multiple antibiotic resistance profiles of non-fermentative gram-negative microflora in five brands of non-carbonated french bottled spring water. | five brands of french bottled mineral water were analyzed by heterotrophic plate counts (hpc) and for the presence of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria. hpc at 22 degrees c were around 10(4) colony forming units ml(-1) on r2a medium. enumeration on pca/10, mh, and especially pca and king b media was less efficient. at 37 degrees c, hpc were two to three orders of magnitude less than at 22 degrees c. moreover, phenotypic diversity (7 to 15 phenotypes) was optimal on r2a incubated at 22 degre ... | 2000 | 10882437 |
| prevalence of nonfermenters in clinical specimens. | one hundred and thirty three non fermenting gram negative bacilli isolated out of 625 different clinical specimens were identified and characterised. samples were exudate from chronic suppractive otits media (341), diabetic foot (117) wound (116) and blood (51). of these isolates pseudomonas aeruginosa 105(78.94%) predominated followed by acinetobacter sp 8 [6.1%], pseudomonas putrifaciens 6(4.5%), flavobacterium sp 6(4.5%), xanthomonas maltophilia 5(3.75%), alkaligenes sp 3 (2.25). 31 (23.30%) ... | 2000 | 11227617 |
| analysis of bacterial community structure in sulfurous-oil-containing soils and detection of species carrying dibenzothiophene desulfurization (dsz) genes. | the selective effects of sulfur-containing hydrocarbons, with respect to changes in bacterial community structure and selection of desulfurizing organisms and genes, were studied in soil. samples taken from a polluted field soil (a) along a concentration gradient of sulfurous oil and from soil microcosms treated with dibenzothiophene (dbt)-containing petroleum (fsl soil) were analyzed. analyses included plate counts of total bacteria and of dbt utilizers, molecular community profiling via soil d ... | 2001 | 11229891 |
| [digestive tract microbiota in female lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) (diptera: psychodidae) from colonies feeding on blood meal and sucrose plus blood meal]. | there are very few reports on the microbiota of the digestive tract of sand flies, an important omission considering that blood is not the only meal ingested. male and female sand flies obtain sugar meals from several sources, thereby increasing their chance of infection with microorganisms. chances of contamination are higher when insects are bred in the laboratory, and this may affect the development of leishmania spp. from the digestive tract of 300 sand fly females separated in two groups we ... | 2001 | 11241946 |
| comparative activities of isepamicin, amikacin, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin alone or in combination with other antibiotics against stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | | 2001 | 11245333 |
| factors influencing protease production by two antarctic strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the influence of culture medium buffer capacity, the supplementation of culture medium with l-ala and the requirement of calcium for exoprotease production by antarctic psychrotrophic stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains ant-1-1 and ant-7-1 were examined. when increasing concentrations of calcium chloride (0 to 0.3 g l-1) were added to culture media, maximum protease production yields increased 70-75% (ant-1-1) and 50% (ant-7-1), while biomass levels showed little difference. calcium was also ne ... | 2000 | 10885004 |
| susceptibility of burkholderia cepacia and other pathogens of importance in cystic fibrosis to u.v. light. | to investigate the potential usefulness of u.v. germicidal irradiation (uvgi) in preventing the spread of burkholderia cepacia, an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (cf), the in-vitro susceptibility of b. cepacia to uvgi was determined. five strains were exposed to uvgi from a 7.2-w source. burkholderia cepacia was less susceptible to uvgi than other important cf-related pathogens, namely staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa, but was more susceptible than stenotrophomonas maltoph ... | 2001 | 11264740 |
| persistence and variability of stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cystic fibrosis patients, madrid, 1991-1998. | during 1991 to 1998 at least one stenotrophomonas maltophilia pulmonary infection was observed in 25 (24%) of 104 cystic fibrosis patients at the same unit of our hospital in spain. ribotyping and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) characterization of 76 s. maltophilia isolates from these patients indicated an overall clonal incidence of 47.1%, reflecting new strains in 44% of patients with repeated positive cultures for s. maltophilia. six patients with repeated episodes were persistently c ... | 2001 | 11266301 |
| hospital infestation by the cluster fly, pollenia rudis sensu stricto fabricius 1794 (diptera: calliphoridae), and its possible role in transmission of bacterial pathogens in germany. | the potential of the cluster fly, pollenia rudis sensu stricto, to transmit bacterial pathogens was investigated during a mass infestation that took place in a german hospital. cluster flies were individually examined for mesophilic bacteria carried on the exoskeleton. bacterial growth could only be detected by using the enrichment culture technique to increase sensitivity, but not by direct intoculation of fly samples to agar plates. all 50 cluster fly samples that were tested carried opportuni ... | 2001 | 11279815 |
| multicentre study of the in vitro activity of cefepime, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, compared to other broad-spectrum agents. | the in vitro activity of cefepime was compared to that of a range of other broad-spectrum agents, using a gradient diffusion mic method, against 995 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, other nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli, staphylococci (except oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus), streptococci, enterococci, and aerobic gram-positive bacilli. cefepime had excellent activity against enterobacteriaceae, including eight presumptive extended-spectrum ... | 2001 | 11280610 |
| [accumulation and efflux of quinolones by clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia]. | the presence of quinolone efflux pumps was analyzed in clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the presence of the protein omp54, which is associated with the expression of multidrug resistant systems, was also tested. western blot analysis of outer membrane proteins demonstrated that omp54 was expressed in strains with high-level resistance to quinolones, whereas those strains with low mic values did not express this protein. this result shows that omp54 has an important role in the ... | 2000 | 10918091 |
| clustering of infections caused by different pfge types of stenotrophomonas maltophilia occurring simultaneously in a university hospital. | | 2001 | 11289781 |
| increasing threat of gram-negative bacteria. | the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has led to emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of many gram-negative organisms. this problem is particularly serious in critically ill patients, especially those with ventilator-associated pneumonia. extensive antibiotic resistance has developed in gram-negative bacteria, due both to innate resistance in some species and the fact that they are highly adept at acquiring antibiotic-resistant determinants from each other. antibiotic resistance ... | 2001 | 11292879 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of unique stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains. | susceptibility to 41 antimicrobials was studied with 99 stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains, and different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles were identified among 130 prospectively collected isolates. moxalactam, doxycycline, minocycline, and clinafloxacin displayed the highest activity (> or = 98% susceptibility). ticarcillin resistance (75%) was reverted by clavulanate in 25% of strains. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance was 26.2% (> or = 4 [trimethoprim]/76 [sulfamethoxazole] ... | 2001 | 11302834 |
| a comparison of the microcount digital system to plate count and membrane filtration methods for the enumeration of microorganisms in water for pharmaceutical purposes. | the enumeration of microorganisms in water for pharmaceutical purposes using the microcount digital system (millipore corporation, bedford, ma) was compared to the usp-recommended pour plate and membrane filtration count methods. a study, using a pure culture of buckholderia cepacia, atcc#25416, showed that the accuracy, precision, reproducibility and linearity of the microcount atp bioluminescence system was equivalent to or better than the traditional methods. when the microcount system was us ... | 2000 | 10927910 |
| integration of molecular characterization of microorganisms in a global antimicrobial resistance surveillance program. | the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program has incorporated molecular strain typing and resistance genotyping as a means of providing additional information that may be useful for understanding pathogenic microorganisms worldwide. resistance phenotypes of interest include multidrug-resistant pathogens, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and fluoroquinolone-resistant (fqr) s ... | 2001 | 11320455 |
| use of 'locked-in' antibiotic to treat an unusual gram-negative hemodialysis catheter infection. | a 37-year-old woman on maintenance hemodialysis for 3 years had multiple vascular access failures due to antiphospholipid syndrome. she was dialyzed via a tunneled left subclavian catheter, but after 1 year developed chills and fever during each dialysis session. blood cultures grew out xanthomonas maltophilia sensitive to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin. intravenous administration of both antibiotics failed to eradicate infection. we added 'locked-in' ceftazidime, instilling it daily into the cat ... | 2000 | 10940747 |
| multidrug efflux pumps and antimicrobial resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa and related organisms. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen characterized by an innate resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. a major contribution to this intrinsic multidrug resistance is provided by a number of broadly-specific multidrug efflux systems, including mexab-oprm and mexxy-oprm. in addition, these and two additional tripartite efflux systems, mexcd-oprj and mexef-oprn, promote acquired multidrug resistance as a result of mutational hyperexpression of the efflux genes. in additio ... | 2001 | 11321581 |
| antibiotic use and development of resistance in blood culture isolates: 8 years of experience from a cancer referral center. | the consumption of antimicrobial agents in a slovakian national cancer institute from 1989-1996 was compared with resistance rates in clinically significant blood culture isolates. we observed an increase in resistance of viridans streptococci to penicillin and of enterococci to ampicillin. resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin was stable over the entire period despite a 20-fold increase in vancomycin consumption. nor did we observe increased resistance to ofloxacin despite a 10-fold increase ... | 2001 | 11330359 |
| transcatheter embolization of mycotic aneurysm of the subclavian artery with metallic coils. | mycotic aneurysms of the subclavian artery are rare. this report describes an experience of 2 rare cases in which transcatheter embolization with metallic coils was performed for the management of these lesions alternative to surgery. two patients who had been treated with chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms were diagnosed as having mycotic aneurysms of the left subclavian artery. the causes of these lesions were presumed to be the invasion of the arterial wall by the pulmonary abscess in case ... | 2000 | 10952342 |
| expression of multidrug efflux pump smedef by clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the presence of the multidrug efflux pump smedef was assessed in a collection of clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. all isolates encoded this pump, as demonstrated by pcr. forty-seven percent of the strains overproduced a protein of the same size that was immunoreactive against an anti-smef antibody, and 33% overexpressed the gene semd when they were tested by reverse transcription-pcr. a correlation between smedef overexpression and antibiotic resistance was observed. | 2001 | 11353642 |
| [infections caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia (sma) in intensive care patients--a prospective case-control study]. | the importance of stenotrophomonas maltophilia (sma) as an etiologic frequently polyresistant pathogen in severe nosocomial infections has increased. | 2001 | 11381633 |
| comparison of the antimicrobial tolerance of oxytetracycline-resistant heterotrophic bacteria isolated from hospital sewage and freshwater fishfarm water in belgium. | the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between antimicrobial tolerance and taxonomic diversity among the culturable oxytetracycline-resistant (ot(r)) heterotrophic bacterial population in two belgian aquatic sites receiving wastewater either from human medicine or from aquaculture. the study of ot(r) heterotrophs and mesophilic aeromonas spp. allowed comparison of tolerance data at the intergenus as well as at the intragenus level. in total, 354 independently obtained ot(r) is ... | 2001 | 11403391 |
| antimicrobial activities of gatifloxacin against nosocomial isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia measured by mic and time-kill studies. | we determined in vitro activities of gatifloxacin and seven other drugs against 100 isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia using the agar gradient diffusion (etest) method. percentages of susceptible isolates were as follows: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 90%; gatifloxacin, 71%; levofloxacin, 57%; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, 54%; ceftazidime, 49%; ciprofloxacin, 29%; cefepime, 21%; and piperacillin-tazobactam, 20%. time-kill studies of three isolates indicated that gatifloxacin was bacterici ... | 2001 | 11408235 |
| antibiotic resistance surveillance of stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 1993-1999. | | 2001 | 11418532 |
| recommendations for susceptibility tests on fastidious organisms and those requiring special handling. | fastidious organisms present problems in antimicrobial susceptibility testing related to particular cultural requirements or slow growth. methods for commonly isolated fastidious organisms, including haemolytic streptococci, neisseria spp. and haemophilus spp., are included in the description of the standardized disc diffusion method. however, some further information is given here for haemophilus influenzae and neisseria spp. other less commonly isolated fastidious organisms are detailed and mo ... | 2001 | 11420340 |
| binary culture biofilm formation by stenotrophomonas maltophilia and fusarium oxysporum. | binary culture biofilm formation by stenotrophomonas maltophilia and fusarium oxysporum was investigated using the recirculating modified robbins device batch culture system. sequential attachment studies were carried out in the robbins device on pvc and glass surfaces, with each species as either the first or the second colonizer. different surfaces had no significant effect on total numbers of s. maltophilia and f. oxysporum in the binary population biofilm. the attachment of the second coloni ... | 2001 | 11420659 |
| [trends for bacteremia and risk factors for death in a tertiary hospital in mexico city. 1981-1992]. | to describe the trends and risk factors of death for bacteremia in adult from a tertiary-care center from 1981 to 1992. | 2001 | 11432088 |
| surveillance of antibiotic resistance in european icus. | antibiotic resistance among bacteria causing hospital-acquired infections poses a threat, particularly to patients in intensive care units (icus). in order to control the spread of resistant bacteria, local, regional and national resistance surveillance data must be used to develop efficient intervention strategies. in an attempt to identify national differences and the dynamics of antibiotic resistance in european icus, data have been merged from several networks of resistance surveillance perf ... | 2001 | 11439002 |
| resistance to antibiotics and biocides among non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria. | to investigate the antibiotic and biocide susceptibilities of clinical isolates of rarely encountered gram-negative, non-fermenting bacteria. | 2001 | 11442564 |
| long-term preservation of strains of burkholderia cepacia, pseudomonas spp. and stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. | long-term preservation methods are important in the maintenance of bacteria for downstream research applications. most clinical laboratories have only limited resources for archiving isolates and therefore require cost-effective and simple methods. an effective and cheap storage method using debrinated blood and maintenance at -80 degrees c is described. | 2001 | 11442821 |
| the use of silica gel prepared by sol-gel method and polyurethane foam as microbial carriers in the continuous degradation of phenol. | a mixed microbial culture was immobilized by entrapment into silica gel (sg) and entrapment/ adsorption on polyurethane foam (pu) and ceramic foam. the phenol degradation performance of the sg biocatalyst was studied in a packed-bed reactor (pbr), packed-bed reactor with ceramic foam (pbrc) and fluidized-bed reactor (fbr). in continuous experiments the maximum degradation rate of phenol (q(s)max) decreased in the order: pbrc (598 mg l(-1) h(-1)) > pbr (pu, 471 mg l(-1)h(-1)) > pbr(sg, 394 mg l(- ... | 2000 | 10968628 |
| production of n-acyl homoserine lactones by gram-negative bacteria isolated from contact lens wearers. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the production of n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl) signal molecules in ocular gram-negative bacteria. a total of 91 ocular strains isolated from contact lens adverse response patients and asymptomatic subjects were used in the study. these included acinetobacter, aeromonas hydrophila, escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella oxytoca, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia liquefaciens, serratia marcescens, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the bi ... | 2001 | 11446456 |
| comparative in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin in a north american surveillance study. | the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was compared to three marketed fluoroquinolones; ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin against over 4,000 recent clinical isolates covering 29 species isolated in the united states and canada between 1997-1999. based on mic(90)s, gemifloxacin was the most potent fluoroquinolone tested against a majority of gram-positive isolates: streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin resistant s. pneumoniae, macrolide resistant s. pneumoniae, cipro ... | 2001 | 11448564 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia endocarditis of prosthetic aortic valve: report of a case and review of literature. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia (previously known as xanthomonas maltophilia and pseudomonas maltophilia ) is an aerobic, nonfermenting, gram-negative bacillus, which has emerged as a serious nosocomial pathogen in patients with compromised immunity. it is a rare cause of endocarditis with only 20 cases previously reported in medical literature. the risk factors associated with s maltophilia endocarditis include intravenous drug abuse, dental treatment, previous cardiac surgery, and infected intrav ... | 2000 | 10986530 |
| monitoring bacterial transport by stable isotope enrichment of cells. | understanding the transport and behavior of bacteria in the environment has broad implications in diverse areas, ranging from agriculture to groundwater quality, risk assessment, and bioremediation. the ability to reliably track and enumerate specific bacterial populations in the context of native communities and environments is key to developing this understanding. we report a novel bacterial tracking approach, based on altering the stable carbon isotope value (delta(13)c) of bacterial cells, w ... | 2000 | 11055946 |
| antibiotic resistance among gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria at a teaching hospital in saudi arabia. | the incidence and antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria isolated over 1 year at king abdulaziz university hospital, jeddah, saudi arabia were investigated. a total of 499 of these microorganisms were collected and account for 16% of all gram-negative bacteria isolated. the most common species were pseudomonas aeruginosa 291 (56%), acinetobacter baumannii 170 (34%), and stenotrophomonas maltophilia 35 (7%). 168 (34%) of these microorganisms were isolated from intensi ... | 2001 | 11450883 |
| isolation and characterisation of new gram-negative and gram-positive atrazine degrading bacteria from different french soils. | the capacity of 12 soils to degrade atrazine was studied in laboratory incubations using radiolabelled atrazine. eight soils showed enhanced degradation of this compound. twenty-five bacterial strains able to degrade atrazine were isolated by an enrichment method from 10 of these soils. these soils were chosen for their wide range of physico-chemical characteristics. their history of treatment with atrazine was also variable. the genetic diversity of atrazine degraders was determined by amplifie ... | 2001 | 11451526 |
| efficacy of cefepime versus ceftazidime in the treatment of adult pneumonia. | effective empiric treatment of pneumonia requires antibiotic coverage against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, including drug-resistant isolates. this study evaluated the efficacy of cefepime treatment in 20 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and 21 patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap), and ceftazidime treatment in 20 patients with hap. the mean age of patients was over 70 years. more than half of the patients had multiple lobe involvement. there was no signifi ... | 2001 | 11456359 |
| influence of an extended incubation period on values of minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics in stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains. | in 106 stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains the susceptibility to 19 kinds of antibiotics was tested by the broth dilution micromethod at 24 h and 48 h incubation. isolated strains demonstrated the lowest frequency of resistance to cotrimoxazole (7.5% of resistant strains at 24 h incubation and 18.9% at 48 h), ofloxacin (13.2% and 30.2%), ciprofloxacin (19.8% and 50.9%) and to cefoperazone/sulbactam (20.8% and 37.7%). the smallest growth of the number of resistant strains after extended ... | 2000 | 11061630 |
| polymicrobial outbreak of intermittent peritoneal dialysis peritonitis during external wall renovation at a dialysis center. | to investigate an outbreak of peritonitis in intermittent peritoneal dialysis (ipd) patients. | 2001 | 11475346 |
| septicemia associated with stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a west african dwarf crocodile (osteolaemus tetraspis subsp. tetraspis). | a 17-year-old male captive west african dwarf crocodile (osteolaemus tetraspis subsp. tetraspis) died 1 month after fighting with a penmate. abrasions were present on the head and mandible. necropsy revealed a vegetative valvular lesion of the left atrioventricular valve, miliary foci of necrosis in the endocardium and myocardium, multiple duodenal and rectal ulcers, and serous atrophy of body fat. stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated in pure culture from lung, liver, and kidney. gram-negat ... | 2001 | 11482606 |
| partial degradation of p-aminoazobenzene by a defined mixed culture of bacillus subtilis and stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | a defined mixed culture of bacillus subtilis and stenotrophomonas maltophilia was used to accomplish the partial biodegradation of the azo-dye p-aminoazobenzene (paab). kinetic experiments were conducted, under aerobic conditions, to study the mineralization of p-aminoazobenzene by the above-defined mixed culture, under aerobic conditions. the combination of two previously developed models, (zissi et al., 1997), which describes paab biodegradation by bacillus subtilis into aniline and p-phenylen ... | 2001 | 11084593 |
| comparison of aflp and rep-pcr genomic fingerprinting with dna-dna homology studies: xanthomonas as a model system. | the genus xanthomonas contains a large number of strains, which have been characterized by a variety of phenotypic and genotypic classification methods. the xanthomonas collection constitutes one of the largest groups of bacteria that have been characterized phylogenetically by dna-dna homology studies and genomic fingerprinting. presently, a total genomic dna-dna homology value of 70% represents an internationally accepted criterion to define bacterial species levels. however, the complexity of ... | 2000 | 10758874 |
| evaluation of the vitek 2 system for the identification and susceptibility testing of three species of nonfermenting gram-negative rods frequently isolated from clinical samples. | vitek 2 is a new automatic system for the identification and susceptibility testing of the most clinically important bacteria. in the present study 198 clinical isolates, including pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 146), acinetobacter baumannii (n = 25), and stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 27) were evaluated. reference susceptibility testing of cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin, tobramycin, levofloxacin (only for p. aeruginosa), co-trimox ... | 2001 | 11526158 |
| structures of the o21 and o25 antigens of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the o-specific side-chain polymers from stenotrophomonas maltophilia serogroups o21 and o25 were isolated from the lipopolysaccharides of the reference strains. the o21 polymer contained d-arabinose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose and 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-galactose in equal proportions. methylation analysis and nmr spectroscopy showed that the polysaccharide is based on a branched trisaccharide repeating unit of the structure shown below. the o25 polymer is linear with a disaccharide repeating unit iden ... | 2000 | 10782291 |
| microbial degradation and detoxification of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain vun 10,003. | the ability of stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain vun 10,003 to degrade and detoxify high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) was evaluated in a basal liquid medium. using high cell density inocula of strain vun 10,003, the concentration of pyrene, fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a, h]anthracene and coronene decreased by 98, 45, 26, 22, 22 and 55% over periods ranging from 5 to 42 d. when a pah mixture containing three- to seven-ring compounds was us ... | 2000 | 10792670 |
| comparison of antifungal activities and 16s ribosomal dna sequences of clinical and environmental isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | in recent years, the gram-negative bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia has become increasingly important in biotechnology and as a nosocomial pathogen, giving rise to a need for new information about its taxonomy and epidemiology. to determine intraspecies diversity and whether strains can be distinguished based on the sources of their isolation, 50 s. maltophilia isolates from clinical and environmental sources, including strains of biotechnological interest, were investigated. the isolates ... | 2001 | 11136762 |
| microbiological and immunologic considerations with aerosolized drug delivery. | the development of drug resistance is a major theoretical concern with the long-term delivery of aerosolized antibiotics via inhalation. a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, which compared inhaled tobramycin plus standard cystic fibrosis (cf) care to placebo plus standard cf care, examined the following microbiological parameters: percentage of patients with at least one pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) strain with a minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) > 16 microg/ml (ie, the brea ... | 2001 | 11555566 |
| cathelicidin peptides inhibit multiply antibiotic-resistant pathogens from patients with cystic fibrosis. | endogenous peptide antibiotics are under investigation as inhaled therapeutic agents for cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease. the bactericidal activities of five cathelicidin peptides (ll37 [human], cap18 [rabbit], mcramp [mouse], rcramp [rat], and smap29 [sheep]), three novel alpha-helical peptides derived from smap29 and termed ovispirins (ov-1, ov-2, and ov-3), and two derivatives of cap18 were tested by broth microdilution assays. their mics were determined for multiply antibiotic-resistant ps ... | 2001 | 11557478 |
| septic arthritis caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 2000 | 10812507 |
| fluoroquinolone susceptibilities of efflux-mediated multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and burkholderia cepacia. | the antibacterial activities of seven fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, bayy3118, clinafloxacin, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin) against isogenic efflux-mediated multidrug-resistant strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and burkholderia cepacia, were compared. the results indicate that these fluoroquinolones are all substrates for the multidrug efflux systems of these organisms. clinafloxacin was found generally to be the most active agent aga ... | 2001 | 11581236 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia interaction with human epithelial respiratory cells in vitro. | bacteria of stenotrophomonas maltophilia have been isolated with increasing frequency from the airways of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, usually following p. aeruginosa infections, but their adherence to human epithelial respiratory cells has never been investigated. in this study, various s. maltophilia strains were seen to adhere to epithelial respiratory cells in vitro, mainly along intercellular junctions. bacteria could also enter into host cells, as determined by the gentamicin exclusion a ... | 2001 | 11592630 |
| molecular investigation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates exhibiting rapid emergence of ticarcillin-clavulanate resistance. | the prevalence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistance to ticarcillin-clavulanate has dramatically increased in our hospital over the past few years. sixty-six clinical isolates, collected from 61 patients, were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and genotyped by two different enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr (eric-pcr) systems. although two small outbreaks were identified in the medical intensive care unit, the remaining 58 strains generated 48 different pcr patterns. th ... | 2000 | 10833341 |
| endocarditis caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | | 1999 | 11593523 |
| [utility of prolonged incubation and terminal subcultures of blood cultures from immunocompromised patients]. | the value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the fundación favaloro, the fundación para la lucha contra las enfermedades neurológicas de la infancia and the hospital de niños ricardo gutiérrez. a total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). bact-alert bottles were incubated at 35 de ... | 2001 | 11594009 |
| synergistic activities of gatifloxacin in combination with other antimicrobial agents against pseudomonas aeruginosa and related species. | drug combinations have been used to treat serious infections caused by pseudomonas, burkholderia, stenotrophomonas, and acinetobacter. in this study, the combined drug effects of gatifloxacin (gat) and nonquinolones were determined by time-kill analysis at clinically achievable drug concentrations. synergy (>or=2 log(10)-enhanced killing at 24 h) was observed with gat plus amikacin or a beta-lactam against 50 to 75% of strains, including strains nonsusceptible to one or both drugs. | 2001 | 11600384 |
| in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against common clinical bacterial isolates in taiwan. | the in vitro antimicrobial activities of moxifloxacin were compared with 7 other antimicrobial agents. a total of 707 isolates of 11 common pathogenic bacteria were collected from the national taiwan university hospital; antimicrobial activities against these isolates were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration using an agar-dilution method. most common pathogenic bacteria were susceptible to moxifloxacin, including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus, methicillin ... | 2001 | 11605808 |
| novel online infusate-assisted dialysis system performs microbiologically safely. | administration of adequate amounts of commercial infusion fluids renders modern convective dialysis modalities, such as hemodiafiltration, labor-intensive and costly. preparation of infusate by cold sterilization of dialysis fluid, which is abundantly available, and its immediate (online) use, in contrast, enables a large volume fluid exchange in a cost-effective manner. recent developments aimed at more hygienic and user-friendly online systems with increased operational flexibility. as a resul ... | 2000 | 10848672 |
| cell fingerprinting: an approach to classifying cells according to mass profiles of digests of protein extracts. | we present a statistical framework for classifying cells according to the set of peptide masses obtained by mass spectrometric analysis of digestions of whole cell protein extracts. the digest is separated by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) coupled directly to a mass spectrometer either by an electrospray interface or by collection to a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization target plate. here, the mass to charge ratio, intensity, and hplc retention time of the peptides are me ... | 2001 | 11678037 |
| identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of alcaligenes xylosoxidans isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. | in the past decade, potential pathogens, including alcaligenes species, have been increasingly recovered from cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. accurate identification of multiply antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli is critical to understanding the epidemiology and clinical implications of emerging pathogens in cf. we examined the frequency of correct identification of alcaligenes spp. by microbiology laboratories affiliated with american cf patient care centers. selective media, an exotoxin ... | 2001 | 11682511 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia d457r contains a cluster of genes from gram-positive bacteria involved in antibiotic and heavy metal resistance. | a cluster of genes involved in antibiotic and heavy metal resistance has been characterized from a clinical isolate of the gram-negative bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia. these genes include a macrolide phosphotransferase (mphbm) and a cadmium efflux determinant (cada), together with the gene cadc coding for its transcriptional regulator. the cadc cada region is flanked by a truncated is257 sequence and a region coding for a bin3 invertase. despite their presence in a gram-negative bacteri ... | 2000 | 10858330 |
| plasmid location and molecular heterogeneity of the l1 and l2 beta-lactamase genes of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | an approximately 200-kb plasmid has been purified from clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. this plasmid was found in all of the 10 isolates examined and contains both the l1 and the l2 beta-lactamase genes. the location of l1 and l2 on a plasmid makes it more likely that they could spread to other gram-negative bacteria, potentially causing clinical problems. sequence analysis of the 10 l1 genes revealed three novel genes, l1c, l1d, and l1e, with 8, 12, and 20% divergence from the ... | 2001 | 11158734 |
| improved isolation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia from the sputa of patients with cystic fibrosis using a selective medium. | | 2000 | 11168159 |
| [problems of antibiotic-resistance gram negative pathogens in the hospital environment]. | gram-negative pathogens in the hospital environment belong to such distinct families as enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas, acinetobacter and stenotrophomonas. they differ in virulence but all present natural (or intrinsic) resistance and the capacity to develop rapidly acquired resistance, the main factor in their selection in the hospital environment. dissemination of resistance is due either to dissemination of a clonal strain or dissemination of the gene of resistance amongst bacteria belonging ... | 2000 | 11189438 |
| biclonal bacteremia due to stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a cancer patient. | | 2001 | 11714054 |
| structure of the o16 antigen of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | a polysaccharide containing d-ribose, n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, and n-acetyl-d-mannosamine was isolated from the phenol-soluble lipopolysaccharide extracted from defatted cell walls of the reference strain (560) for serogroup o16 of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the results of methylation analysis, chemical degradations, and nmr spectroscopy showed that the polysaccharide is based on a branched trisaccharide repeating-unit of the structure shown below. although ribose was absent from about half of ... | 2001 | 11217982 |
| identification of pandoraea species by 16s ribosomal dna-based pcr assays. | the recently described genus pandoraea contains five named species (pandoraea apista, pandoraea pulmonicola, pandoraea pnomenusa, pandoraea sputorum, and pandoraea norimbergensis) and four unnamed genomospecies. pandoraea spp. have mainly been recovered from the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. accurate genus- and species-level identification by routine clinical microbiology methods is difficult, and differentiation from burkholderia cepacia complex organisms may be especiall ... | 2001 | 11724860 |
| characterization of oxytetracycline-resistant heterotrophic bacteria originating from hospital and freshwater fishfarm environments in england and ireland. | this ecotaxonomic study compared the antibiotic tolerance among culturable oxytetracyline-resistant (ot(r)) heterotrophic strains isolated from two aquatic environments representing human activities in health care and aquaculture, namely hospital effluents and freshwater fishfarms. using a standardized methodology, samples taken in england and ireland were analyzed to determine the antibiotic tolerance profiles of two groups of culturable ot(r) bacterial isolates at the intergeneric and intragen ... | 2000 | 11249032 |
| in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against stenotrophomonas maltophilia blood isolates from patients with hematologic malignancies. | | 2001 | 11284945 |
| emerging importance of multidrug-resistant acinetobacter species and stenotrophomonas maltophilia as pathogens in seriously ill patients: geographic patterns, epidemiological features, and trends in the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (1997-1999). | as part of the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program, a total of 1078 acinetobacter species and 842 stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates were collected between january 1997 and december 1999 from 5 geographic regions (canada, the united states, latin america, europe, and the asia-pacific). the frequency of infections (by geographic region and body site), including those due to imipenem-resistant acinetobacter species and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz)-resistant s. maltophilia, was ... | 2001 | 11320451 |
| complete mineralization of dodecyldimethylamine using a two-membered bacterial culture. | complete degradation of dodecyldimethylamine was achieved using a two-membered bacterial culture isolated from activated sludge. one member, identified as burkholderia cepacia, was capable of degrading the alkyl chain of the molecule. the other member, identified as stenotrophomonas maltophilia, was able to degrade dimethylamine, the product of the former. batch culture experiments revealed that the two-membered culture consisting of b. cepacia and s. maltophilia was based on a commensalistic re ... | 2001 | 11321543 |
| susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from patients with cancer and bacteremia. | | 2001 | 11340542 |
| burkholderia/stenotrophomonas. | | 2001 | 11764736 |
| weeds as a source of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in agricultural soils. | the influence of plant growth promoting (pgp) activity of bacterial communities recovered from each of six weed species (barnyard grass (echinochloa crusfalli (l.) beauv.), corn spurrey (spergula arvensis l.), goldenrod (sonchus sp.), italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum l.), lamb's-quarters (chenopodium album l.), and quack grass (agropyron repens (l.) beauv.)) was examined in relation to the effect it had on the growth of the potato cultivar russet burbank. bacterial species composition and co ... | 2001 | 11766050 |
| distribution and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative isolates in intensive care units (icu) in belgian hospitals between 1996 and 1999. | to assess the distribution and prevalence of resistance rates among gram-negative isolates in belgian intensive care units (icus) between 1996 and 1999. | 2001 | 11770225 |
| comparison of two culture methods for detection of tobramycin-resistant gram-negative organisms in the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. | a culture method utilizing quantitative plating on antibiotic-containing media has been proposed as a technique for the detection of tobramycin-resistant organisms that is more sensitive than standard methods. typical sputum culture methods quantitate the relative amounts of each distinct morphotype, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing of a single colony of each morphotype. sputum specimens from 240 cystic fibrosis patients were homogenized, serially diluted, and processed in parallel ... | 2002 | 11773088 |
| novel mechanism of hydrolysis of therapeutic beta-lactams by stenotrophomonas maltophilia l1 metallo-beta-lactamase. | stopped-flow tryptophan fluorescence under single turnover and pseudo-first-order conditions has been used to investigate the kinetic mechanism of beta-lactam hydrolysis by the stenotrophomonas maltophilia l1 metallo-beta-lactamase. for the cephalosporin substrates nitrocefin and cefaclor and the carbapenem meropenem, a substantial quench of fluorescence is observed on association of substrate with enzyme. we have assigned this to a rearrangement event subsequent to formation of an initial colli ... | 2001 | 11443136 |
| [analysis of clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity tests of lower respiratory tract infection by xanthomonas maltophilia]. | to analyse the clinical characteristics of lower respiratory tract infection caused by xanthomonas maltophilia and to investigate the antibiotic sensitivity of xanthomonas maltophilia strains. | 1999 | 11775914 |
| comparative in vitro potency of gemifloxacin and fluoroquinolones against recent european clinical isolates from a global surveillance study. | gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone with enhanced activity against gram-positive aerobes, was compared to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin against 21,464 recent isolates from 16 european countries. gemifloxacin was the most potent fluoroquinolone against streptococci including penicillin-, macrolide- and ciprofloxacin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, acinetobacter spp., haemophilus spp. and moraxella catarrhalis. this drug was ... | 2001 | 11783700 |
| smec, an outer membrane multidrug efflux protein of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | a homologue of the mexab-oprm multidrug efflux operon of pseudomonas aeruginosa, smeabc, was cloned from stenotrophomonas maltophilia by using, as a probe, a pcr product amplified from this organism with primers based on the mexb sequence. the smeabc genes were hyperexpressed in a mutant strain displaying resistance to several antimicrobials, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and fluoroquinolones. deletions in smec but not smeb compromised this resistance, suggesting that smec contributed ... | 2002 | 11796339 |
| intralenticular abscess caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | | 2001 | 11450743 |
| microflora investigation experiment. | many microorganisms were isolated from condensed water, wiping and scratching of cabin wall and air sampler in russian space station mir by russian astronauts lazutkin et al. in february 1997 as part of nasda "first mir utilization space experiment (jmir)". for example, there were about 2 x 10(6) cells/ml in condensed water sample no. 1 isolated from the transfer-docking compartment of crystal module. we tried the colony isolation, pure culturing and identification from these sampled microorgani ... | 2001 | 11799257 |