| development and performance evaluation of a streamlined method for nucleic acid purification, denaturation, and multiplex detection of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. | bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) possess similar structural and molecular features, are transmitted by biting midges (genus culicoides), and cause similar diseases in some susceptible ruminants. generally, btv causes subclinical disease in cattle, characterized by a prolonged viremia. ehdv-associated disease in cattle is less prominent; however, it has emerged as a major economic threat to the white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) industry in many areas ... | 2013 | 24091683 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 experimentation on adult cattle. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), an arthropod-borne orbivirus (family reoviridae), is an emerging pathogen of wild and domestic ruminants closely related to bluetongue virus (btv). ehdv serotype 6 (ehdv6) has recently caused outbreaks close to europe in turkey and morocco and a recent experimental study performed on calves inoculated with these two ehdv6 strains showed that the young animals have remained clinically unaffected. the aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenicit ... | 2013 | 23899717 |
| bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in local breeds of cattle in kenya. | the presence of bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in indigenous calves in western kenya was investigated. serum was analysed for btv and ehdv antibodies. the population seroprevalences for btv and ehdv for calves at 51 weeks of age were estimated to be 0.942 (95% ci 0.902-0.970) and 0.637 (95% ci 0.562-0.710), respectively, indicating high levels of circulating btv and ehdv. the odds ratio of being positive for btv if ehdv positive was estimated to be 2.57 (9 ... | 2013 | 23261160 |
| susceptibility of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) to experimental infection with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 7. | during the fall of 2006, in israel, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serotype 7 caused an intense and widespread epizootic in domestic cattle that resulted in significant economic losses for the dairy industry. the susceptibility of potential north american vector and ruminant hosts to infection with ehdv-7 is not known but is essential to understanding the potential for establishment of this exotic orbivirus in north america if it were introduced. our primary objective was to determin ... | 2012 | 22740533 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 7 in european cattle and sheep: diagnostic considerations and effect of previous btv exposure. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), an arthropod-borne orbivirus (family reoviridae), is an emerging pathogen of wild and domestic ruminants that is closely related to bluetongue virus (btv). the present study examines the outcome of an experimental ehdv-7 infection of holstein cattle and east frisian sheep. apart from naïve animals that had not been exposed to btv, it included animals that had been experimentally infected with either btv-6 or btv-8 two months earlier. in addition, ehdv- ... | 2012 | 22560764 |
| replication of epizootic haemorrhagic disease and bluetongue viruses in dh82 cells. | bluetongue viruses (btv) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viruses (ehdv) can be propagated in a variety of mammalian cell lines, but in the ruminant host these viruses infect and replicate in endothelium and monocytes/macrophages. in vitro studies of virus-monocyte interactions typically rely on primary ruminant macrophage cultures that cannot be propagated and a continuous cell line of monocytes would be useful in the study of these interactions. the objective of this study was to determine i ... | 2010 | 20422580 |
| epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus induced apoptosis in bovine carotid artery endothelium is p53 independent. | epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) replicates in endothelium and it has been shown that ehdv serotype 2 (ibaraki) is able to cause cell death by apoptosis in cow pulmonary artery endothelial cells. however, the underlying mechanism has not been established. for some viruses, such as influenza, a p53 dependent mechanism has been demonstrated in viral induced apoptosis. in this study, we investigate the involvement of p53 in the induction of apoptosis in a us isolate of ehdv serotype 2 in ... | 2016 | 27723048 |
| epizootic haemorrhagic disease in italy: vector competence of indigenous culicoides species and spatial multicriteria evaluation of vulnerability. | epizootic haemorrhagic disease (ehd) is an infectious non-contagious viral disease transmitted by culicoides, which affects wild and domestic ruminants. the disease has never been reported in europe, however recently outbreaks of ehd occurred in the mediterranean basin. consequently, the risk that epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) might spread in italy cannot be ignored. the aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of ehdv transmission in italy, in case of introduction, through indig ... | 2016 | 27723036 |
| combined genetic and epigenetic interferences with interferon signaling expose prostate cancer cells to viral infection. | interferons (ifns) induce anti-viral programs, regulate immune responses, and exert anti-proliferative effects. to escape anti-tumorigenic effects of ifns, malignant cells attenuate jak/stat signaling and expression of ifn stimulated genes (isgs). such attenuation may enhance the susceptibility of tumor cells to oncolytic virotherapy. here we studied genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of interference with jak/stat signaling and their contribution to susceptibility of prostate cancer cells to vira ... | 2016 | 27366948 |
| molecular characterisation of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus associated with a tunisian outbreak among cattle in 2006. | in 2006, epizootic haemorrhagic disease (ehd) outbreaks were recorded in the maghreb (tunisia, morocco and algeria) among cattle, resulting in severe repercussions on herds (oedema of the head, necrotic lesions of the oral mucosa, hyperthermia of the teats, accompanied by anorexia and respiratory distress) and economic losses. the present study gives new information on the molecular characterisation of the ehd virus (ehdv) that had circulated in tunisia. genome segments 2, 3, 6, 7 and 10 of ehdv ... | 2016 | 27342096 |
| innocuity of a commercial live attenuated vaccine for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 in late-term pregnant cows. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) is an arthropod-borne infectious viral disease sustained by the epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv). the only commercially available and currently used vaccines are manufactured for ehdv-2 in japan, either live or inactivated vaccines. in this study we tested the innocuity for fetuses of the live attenuated ehdv-2 vaccine in five late-term pregnant cows. whole blood and serum samples were collected from dams and screened for the presence of ehdv-2 rna, ... | 2016 | 26876438 |
| host and potential vector susceptibility to an emerging orbivirus in the united states: epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses (ehdvs) are orbiviruses transmitted by culicoides biting midges to domestic and wild ruminants. ehdv-1 and ehdv-2 are endemic in the united states, where epizootic hemorrhagic disease is the most significant viral disease of white-tailed deer (wtd;odocoileus virginianus) and reports of epizootic hemorrhagic disease in cattle are increasing. in 2006, a reassortant ehdv-6 was isolated from dead wtd in indiana and has been detected each subsequent year over a w ... | 2016 | 26459518 |
| t-cell lymphocytic leukemia in a fallow deer (dama dama). | a 17-yr-old female fallow deer presented with ataxia, inappetence, decreased fecal output, and decreased mentation. a complete blood count demonstrated leukocytosis (24.1×10(3)/μl, n=1.16-7.38×10(3)/μl), characterized by lymphocytosis (22.89×10(3)/μl, n=0.18-3.65×10(3)/μl), anemia (packed cell volume 20%, n=29.0-55.8%), decreased red blood cell count (4.1×10(3)/μl, n=6.86-14.72×10(3)/μl), and decreased hemoglobin (7.5 g/dl, n=9.4-19.2 g/dl). numerous mature, well-differentiated lymphocytes were ... | 2015 | 26352964 |
| effect of temperature on replication of epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | replication of arboviruses, including orbiviruses, within the vector has been shown to be temperature dependent. cooler ambient temperatures slow virus replication in arthropod vectors, whereas viruses replicate faster and to higher titers at warmer ambient temperatures. previous research with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serotype 1 demonstrated that higher temperatures were associated with shorter extrinsic incubation periods in culicoides sonorensis wirth & jones, a confirmed vec ... | 2015 | 26336204 |
| duplex real-time rt-pcr assays for the detection and typing of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus. | epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) may cause severe clinical episodes in some species of deer and sometimes in cattle. laboratory diagnosis provides a basis for the design and timely implementation of disease control measures. there are seven distinct ehdv serotypes, vp2 coding segment 2 being the target for serotype specificity. this paper reports the development and validation of eight duplex real-time rt-pcr assays to simultaneously amplify the ehdv target (s9 for the pan-ehdv real-t ... | 2015 | 26161784 |
| clinical disease associated with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in cattle in illinois. | to describe the clinical manifestation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in cattle during an outbreak in northwestern illinois in the fall of 2013. | 2015 | 26133219 |
| development of reverse genetics for ibaraki virus to produce viable vp6-tagged ibav. | ibaraki virus (ibav) is a member of the epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serogroup, which belongs to the orbivirus genus of the reoviridae family. although ehdv, including ibav, represents an ongoing threat to livestock in the world, molecular mechanisms of ehdv replication and pathogenesis have been unclear. the reverse genetics (rg) system is one of the strong tools to understand molecular mechanisms of virus replication. here, we developed a rg system for ibav to identify the noness ... | 2015 | 26101741 |
| development of a reverse genetics system for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and evaluation of novel strains containing duplicative gene rearrangements. | epizootic haemorrhagic disease is a non-contagious infectious viral disease of wild and domestic ruminants caused by epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv). ehdv belongs to the genus orbivirus within the family reoviridae and is transmitted by insects of the genus culicoides. the impact of epizootic haemorrhagic disease is underscored by its designation as a notifiable disease by the office international des epizooties. the ehdv genome consists of 10 linear dsrna segments (seg1-seg10). until ... | 2015 | 25998915 |
| testicular lesions and antler abnormalities in colorado, usa mule deer (odocoileus hemionus): a possible role for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. | antler abnormalities of deer and other cervids often result from testicular lesions and decreased levels of testosterone, inhibiting normal cycles of antler growth. affected males have antlers with retained velvet, numerous short, misshapen points ("cactus bucks"), and failure to shed these abnormal antlers annually. in colorado, us, we observed a high occurrence of "cactus bucks" in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) populations after management efforts to increase the number of mature male deer i ... | 2015 | 25375947 |
| characterization of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus from a bovine with clinical disease with high nucleotide sequence identity to white-tailed deer isolates. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) was isolated from a pregnant cow in indiana, usa, exhibiting excessive salivation, pyrexia and abortion. vp2, vp5, and vp7 sequences of the isolated bovine ehdv showed 97.7, 97.4, and 97.9 % identity to a serotype 2 reference virus. bovine ehdv was closely related (>99.9 %) to white tailed deer (wtd) ehdv collected from iowa in 2013 and showed less than 2.1 % divergence from ehdv collected from wtd across the usa in 2013. the high degree of sequence ide ... | 2014 | 24852073 |
| molecular typing of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotypes by one-step multiplex rt-pcr. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) causes a highly infectious noncontagious hemorrhagic disease in wild and captive deer (cervidae) populations in the us. although rapid and accurate identification of the disease is important, identification of the serotype is equally important for understanding the epidemiology of the disease in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) populations. we developed a one-step multiplex reverse transcriptase pcr assay for rapid differentiation and identifi ... | 2014 | 24807175 |
| the host specific ns3 glycosylation pattern reflects the virulence of ibaraki virus in different hosts. | the non-structural protein ns3 was investigated in ibaraki virus (ibav), an epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, serotype 2. degree of ns3 glycosylation, cytopathic effect, and virus release efficiency were compared between mammalian and insect cells. the molecular weight of synthesized ns3 was compared in western blot analysis following the removal of the glycochain by pngase f treatment and revealed that glycosylation of ns3 occurred only in mammalian cells. also, it was revealed that the amou ... | 2014 | 24389093 |
| dicodon monitoring of protein synthesis (dicomps) reveals levels of synthesis of a viral protein in single cells. | the current report represents a further advancement of our previously reported technology termed fluorescent transfer rna (trna) for translation monitoring (fttm), for monitoring of active global protein synthesis sites in single live cells. fttm measures förster resonance energy transfer (fret) signals, generated when fluorescent trnas (fl-trnas), separately labeled as a fret pair, occupy adjacent sites on the ribosome. the current technology, termed dicodon monitoring of protein synthesis (dic ... | 2013 | 23965304 |
| wetland cover dynamics drive hemorrhagic disease patterns in white-tailed deer in the united states. | while vector-borne diseases are known to be particularly influenced by environmental factors, the impact of land-cover change on vector-borne wildlife disease patterns is poorly understood, largely due to the paucity of data on disease occurrence at extensive spatial and temporal scales. widespread and rapid anthropogenic land-cover change, especially urbanization, has transformed the us landscape during the last century. epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and blue tongue virus, vectored by cul ... | 2013 | 23778598 |
| emerging vector-borne diseases in dromedaries in tunisia: west nile, bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease and rift valley fever. | a total of 118 sera were collected during 2016 from two groups of dromedaries from kebili and medenine governorates in the south of tunisia. the aim of this study was to provide the first serological investigation of four emerging vector-borne diseases in two groups of dromedaries in tunisia. sera were tested by elisa and serum neutralisation test to identify west nile virus (wnv), bluetongue virus (btv), epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) and rift valley fever virus (rvfv). in the firs ... | 2017 | 28397519 |
| functional validation of apoptosis genes iap1 and dronc in midgut tissue of the biting midge culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) by rnai. | culicoides biting midges transmit multiple ruminant viruses, including bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, causing significant economic burden worldwide. to further enhance current control techniques, understanding vector-virus interactions within the midge is critical. we developed previously a double-stranded rna (dsrna) delivery method to induce rna interference (rnai) for targeted gene knockdown in adult culicoides sonorensis wirth & jones. here, we confirm the c. sonor ... | 2017 | 28399198 |
| seroprevalence and risk factor analysis for exposure to equine encephalosis virus in israel, palestine and jordan. | equine encephalosis virus (eev) is an orbivirus transmitted by culicoides species. most infected horses show mild clinical signs and mortality is usually very low. eev is closely related and similarly transmitted to other, more pathogenic and economically important, orbiviruses such as african horse sickness virus (ahsv), bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viruses (ehdv), and may serve as an indicator for possible transmission of the latter. israel has been reported to be ... | 2017 | 28713576 |
| culicoides-virus interactions: infection barriers and possible factors underlying vector competence. | in the united states, culicoides midges vector arboviruses of economic importance such as bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. a limited number of studies have demonstrated the complexities of midge-virus interactions, including dynamic changes in virus titer and prevalence over the infection time course. these dynamics are, in part, dictated by mesenteron infection and escape barriers. this review summarizes the overarching trends in viral titer and prevalence throughout th ... | 2017 | 28805641 |
| virus isolation and molecular detection of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses from naturally infected white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | hemorrhagic disease in north america is caused by multiple serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) and bluetongue virus (btv). diagnostic tests for detection of ehdv and btv include virus isolation (vi), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and real-time rt-pcr (rrt-pcr). our objective was to compare the diagnostic capabilities of three rrt-pcr protocols for detection of ehdv and btv from naturally infected white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). we compa ... | 2017 | 28742422 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 outbreak in israeli cattle in 2015. | in september 2015, a large outbreak caused by epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) was identified in israeli dairy and beef farms. the main clinical signs were reduced milk production, weakness, drooling, lameness and recumbency, fever, slight erythema of nasal and oral mucosae, weight loss, and abortion. dyspnea, cachexia, and death were observed less frequently. the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by elisas and ehdv-specific real-time reverse transcription pcr (rt-rtpcr), followed by co ... | 2017 | 28803510 |
| competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using baculovirus-expressed vp7 for detection of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) antibodies. | epizootic haemorrhagic disease (ehd) is a vector-borne infectious viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. ehd could spread from infected northern african countries in free territories like the eu; therefore, the availability of diagnostic assays would represent key components for adequate surveillance and control programs. in this study, the gene encoding the vp7 protein of ehd virus (ehdv) was expressed into a baculovirus-infected insect cell system. with this unpurified protein we develo ... | 2017 | 28757386 |
| the first 10 years (2006-15) of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 in the usa. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is a culicoides biting midge-transmitted orbivirus (family reoviridae) of wild and domestic ruminants and is an important pathogen of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). historically, only two serotypes, ehdv-1 and ehdv-2, have been known to be endemic in the us. however, in 2006, an exotic serotype (ehdv-6) was first detected in the united states by a long-term passive surveillance system for ehdv and bluetongue viruses. here we report ehdv-6 d ... | 2017 | 28657859 |
| characterization of genome segments 2, 3 and 6 of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus strains isolated in japan in 1985-2013: identification of their serotypes and geographical genetic types. | we characterized genome segments 2, 3 and 6 (seg-2, seg-3 and seg-6) of 11 japanese strains of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) virus (ehdv) isolated in 1985-2013. the japanese strains were divisible into two groups based on phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences of seg-2 and seg-6. in both of the phylogenetic trees based on seg-2 and seg-6, seven of the 11 japanese strains were grouped together with ehdv-2 and ehdv-7 strains, and the other four japanese strains were grouped with e ... | 2017 | 28506840 |
| antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in farmed and wild florida white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | the transmission of multiple serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) between farmed and free-ranging wildlife is of interest to livestock industries and natural resource agencies. we compared the seroprevalence of ehdv-1, -2, and -6 in wild and farmed white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) herds in florida, us. we compared serological prevalence, circulating serotypes, antibody titers, and viremia with the use of 171 whole-blood samples from 150 unvaccinated white-tailed deer ... | 2020 | 31298969 |
| survey for selected pathogens in philippine deer (rusa marianna) from guam, marianna islands, usa. | philippine deer (rusa marianna), native to the philippine islands, were introduced to guam in the late 1700's. dense populations have become established throughout the island where they cause damage to native plant communities resulting in habitat degradation. in addition, cervids can serve as reservoirs for important pathogens of livestock and people. from february-march 2015, blood, tissue and ectoparasite samples were collected from 132 free-ranging philippine deer on guam. data from 10 deer ... | 2018 | 31014616 |
| epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus circulation in tunisia. | epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) was detected for the first time in tunisia and in other northern african countries in 2006. the objective of the present study was to investigate whether ehdv circulated in tunisian livestock before and after the officially-reported outbreak of 2006. thus, serum samples from cattle and dromedaries collected in different time periods (before and after 2006) and from different regions of tunisia were screened for the presence of ehdv antibodies. serologi ... | 2018 | 29631319 |
| field data implicating culicoides stellifer and culicoides venustus (diptera: ceratopogonidae) as vectors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is an orbivirus of veterinary importance which is transmitted by biting midges of the genus culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) to ruminants. culicoides sonorensis wirth & jones, the only confirmed vector of ehdv in the usa, is rare in the southeastern states where transmission persists, suggesting that other culicoides species transmit ehdv in this region. the present study aimed to determine which culicoides species transmitted ehdv in florida and a ... | 2019 | 31122295 |
| host use patterns of culicoides spp. biting midges at a big game preserve in florida, u.s.a., and implications for the transmission of orbiviruses. | culicoides spp. biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are vectors of pathogens that have a significant economic impact on the livestock industry. white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), a farmed species in the u.s.a., are susceptible to two culicoides spp. borne orbiviruses: bluetongue virus and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus. elucidating host-vector interactions is an integral step in studying disease transmission. this study investigated the host range of culicoides spp. present o ... | 2019 | 30063255 |
| laboratory studies on the oviposition stimuli of culicoides stellifer (diptera: ceratopogonidae), a suspected vector of orbiviruses in the united states. | biting midges of the genus culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) exert a significant impact on animal agriculture worldwide because they transmit bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) to ruminants. without effective vaccines, btv/ehdv vector management strategies are needed, particularly in commercial white-tailed deer (wtd) facilities. however, detailed information on the ecology of midge immatures in/around cervid operations is currently lacking. towards filling ... | 2018 | 29769137 |
| complete genome sequence of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6, isolated from florida white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | here, we report the complete genome sequence of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serotype 6 (ehdv-6), isolated from a florida white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in 2016. to our knowledge, this is the first full genome sequence determined for an ehdv-6 isolate from florida. | 2018 | 29622607 |
| dynamics of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus infection within the vector, culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | culicoides sonorensis biting midges are confirmed vectors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), which causes mortality in white-tailed deer and ruminant populations. currently, of the seven ehdv serotypes, only 1, 2, and 6 are detected in the usa, and very few studies have focused on the infection time course of these serotypes within the midge. the objective of this current research was to characterize ehdv-2 infection within the midge by measuring infection prevalence, virus dissemina ... | 2017 | 29176848 |
| larval development of culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in mud supplemented with manure of various farm animals. | understanding factors that affect culicoides larval development is critical in suppressing adult midge populations that transmit economically important pathogens to ruminants such as bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. in this study, development of culicoides sonorensis wirth and jones (diptera: ceratopogonidae) was investigated in sterilized mud mixed with varying concentrations (3.2, 6.4, 12.6, 25.0, 50.0, and 100.0%) of dairy cattle and white tailed deer manures. in addi ... | 2018 | 29121343 |
| genomic sequences of epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses isolated from florida white-tailed deer. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus(ehdv) serotypes 1 and 2 were isolated from florida white-tailed deer in 2015 and 2016, respectively, and their genomes were completely sequenced. to our knowledge, these are the first full genome sequences for ehdv-1 and -2 from florida. | 2017 | 29074661 |
| genetic relatedness of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 from 2012 outbreak in the usa. | during summer and early fall of 2012, the us experienced the largest outbreak of hemorrhagic disease (hd) on record; deer (both odocoileus virginianus and odocoileus hemionus) in 35 states were affected, including many northern states where hd typically does not occur. epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) was the predominant virus isolated, with serotype 2 (ehdv-2) representing 66% (135/205) of all isolated viruses. viruses within the ehdv serogroup are genetically similar, but we hypothes ... | 2019 | 30284951 |
| comparative health assessment of urban and non-urban free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in southeastern british columbia, canada. | the provincial wildlife management agency, british columbia ministry of forests, lands, natural resource operations and rural development, performed a translocation to control the urban mule deer (odocoileus hemionus; umd) overpopulation and supplement the declining non-urban mule deer (numd) population in the kootenay region, british columbia, canada. the objectives of this cross-sectional study were to evaluate the health of the urban and numd populations by comparing pathogen exposure, body c ... | 2018 | 29942678 |
| genome sequence of a cheri orbivirus 3 strain isolated from a dead white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in florida, usa. | we report the genome sequence of an orbivirus isolated from a dead farmed white-tailed deer in florida. the deer was coinfected with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus type 2. phylogenetic and genetic analyses supported the virus as the fourth strain of the cheri orbivirus 3 species. | 2020 | 32586868 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus seroprevalence in wild white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in florida, usa. | a wild population of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) was surveyed for evidence of past or current epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) and current bluetongue virus (btv) infections. we collected 121 blood samples from hunter-harvested or live-captured deer from two state-managed properties in nw florida; live captures were in support of a movement ecology study. blood samples were tested for antibodies against titers to three ehdv serotypes (ehdv-1, ehdv-2, and ehdv-6), and mult ... | 2020 | 32544030 |
| an embryonated egg transmission model for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is a vector-borne orbivirus of ruminants; in north america there are three serotypes (ehdv-1, -2, and -6) and these primarily affect white-tailed deer (odocoilus virginianus). ehdv is vectored by biting midges, culicoides spp. embryonated chicken eggs (ece) have recently been used as an experimental host to investigate the vector competence of australian culicoides spp. for bluetongue serotype virus 1 and 23. in this study, we evaluated the use of the e ... | 2020 | 32423316 |
| living la vida t-locoh: site fidelity of florida ranched and wild white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) during the epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) transmission period. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is a pathogen vectored by culicoides midges that causes significant economic loss in the cervid farming industry and affects wild deer as well. despite this, its ecology is poorly understood. studying movement and space use by ruminant hosts during the transmission season may elucidate ehdv ecology by identifying behaviors that can increase exposure risk. here we compared home ranges (hrs) and site fidelity metrics within hrs using the t-locoh r package ... | 2020 | 32257219 |
| prospective study of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus transmission in captive ruminants. | bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) cause hemorrhagic disease (hd) in wild ruminants and bluetongue disease (bt) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) in livestock. these viruses are transmitted by biting midges in the genus culicoides (family ceratopogonidae). mortality from this disease can reach 90% in certain breeds of sheep and in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). from january until december of 2012, we conducted a prospective study to determine ... | 2020 | 32083292 |
| evaluation of a baculovirus-expressed vp2 subunit vaccine for the protection of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from epizootic hemorrhagic disease. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is an arthropod-transmitted rna virus and the causative agent of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) in wild and domestic ruminants. in north america, white-tailed deer (wtd) experience the highest ehd-related morbidity and mortality, although clinical disease is reported in cattle during severe epizootics. no commercially licensed ehdv vaccine is available in north america. the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a subunit vaccine candi ... | 2020 | 32023812 |
| three new orbivirus species isolated from farmed white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in the united states. | we report the detection and gene coding sequences of three novel orbivirus species found in six dead farmed white-tailed deer in the united states. phylogenetic analyses indicate that the new orbiviruses are genetically closely related to the guangxi, mobuck, peruvian horse sickness, and yunnan orbiviruses, which are thought to be solely borne by mosquitos. however, four of the six viruses analyzed in this work were found as co-infecting agents along with a known cervid pathogen, epizootic hemor ... | 2019 | 31861885 |
| postmortem detection of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in the bone marrow of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | we determined the temporal aspects of detecting bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in postmortem bone marrow samples of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) using molecular and in vitro cell culture techniques. bone marrow samples from carcasses were collected and assayed on the day of death and at intervals up to 16 wk after death. we recovered btv and ehdv from fresh bone marrow collected at day 0 by isolation in vero and bhk-21 cell cultures. however, ... | 2020 | 31403899 |
| epidemiology of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in beef cattle on a ranch in south-central florida. | bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) infect a variety of wild and domestic ruminant hosts in the united states, with outcomes ranging from subclinical infection to clinical disease resulting in mortality. because cattle have been suggested as a temporary reservoir for both btv and ehdv, ongoing national surveillance for these viruses may benefit from inclusion of domestic cattle as a supplement to current programs, such as surveillance of wild white-tailed deer. ... | 2019 | 31135300 |
| ehdv-2 infection prevalence varies in culicoides sonorensis after feeding on infected white-tailed deer over the course of viremia. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses (ehdvs) are arboviral pathogens of white-tailed deer and other wild and domestic ruminants in north america. transmitted by various species of culicoides, ehdvs circulate wherever competent vectors and susceptible ruminant host populations co-exist. the impact of variation in the level and duration of ehdv viremia in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) on culicoides infection prevalence is not well characterized. here we examined how infection prevale ... | 2019 | 31018507 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer, canada. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease affects wild and domestic ruminants and has recently spread northward within the united states. in september 2017, we detected epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in wild white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus, in east-central canada. culicoides spp. midges of the subgenus avaritia were the most common potential vectors identified on site. | 2019 | 30882321 |
| evaluation of 2012 us ehdv-2 outbreak isolates for genetic determinants of cattle infection. | following a summer of severe drought and abnormally high temperatures, a major outbreak of ehdv occurred during 2012 in the usa. although ehdv-1, -2 and -6 were isolated, ehdv-2 was the predominant virus serotype detected during the outbreak. in addition to large losses of white-tailed deer, the midwest and northern plains saw a significant amount of clinical disease in cattle. phylogenetic analyses and sequence comparisons of newly sequenced whole genomes of 2012 ehdv-2 cattle isolates demonstr ... | 2019 | 30869580 |
| the effect of maternal antibodies on clinical response to infection with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) fawns. | we investigated whether naturally acquired maternal antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (ehdv-2) would protect white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) fawns against infection and clinical disease following an ehdv-2 challenge. we compared viremia and clinical response in 27-47-d-old, experimentally infected fawns with and without maternally derived antibodies to ehdv-2. mild to moderate clinical signs were observed in four seronegative (maternal antibody-negative) faw ... | 2021 | 33635998 |
| evidence of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus exposure in nonnative ruminant species in northern florida. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) and bluetongue virus (btv) are vector-borne viruses of ruminants nearly worldwide. they can affect white-tailed deer (wtd; odocoileus virginianus), the ranching industry, and nonindigenous hoof stock species managed for conservation. one potential risk factor for ranched wtd is commingling with nonindigenous species on high-fenced properties. nonindigenous species provide novel viewing and hunting opportunities; however, their presence may create diseas ... | 2021 | 33480554 |
| resource selection by wild and ranched white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) during the epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) transmission season in florida. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) causes serious disease in wild and privately ranched white-tailed deer (odocoileusvirginianus) in the united states. in florida, there is high ehdv prevalence, yet no treatments. there are few management strategies for the disease due to limited knowledge of virus-vector-host interactions. we conducted a telemetry study on white-tailed deer to examine resource use by wild and ranched animals in the florida panhandle during the 2016 transmission risk per ... | 2021 | 33467117 |
| modeling abundance of culicoides stellifer, a candidate orbivirus vector, indicates nonrandom hemorrhagic disease risk for white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | (1) background: hemorrhagic diseases in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) are caused by orbiviruses and have significant economic impact on the deer ranching industry in the united states. culicoides stellifer is a suspected vector of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), with recent field evidence from florida, but its natural history is poorly understood. studying the distribution and abundance of c. stellifer across the landscape can inform our knowledge of how virus ... | 2021 | 34372534 |
| a duplex fluorescent microsphere immunoassay for detection of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus antibodies in cattle sera. | bluetongue virus (btv) causes internationally reportable hemorrhagic disease in cattle, sheep, and white-tailed deer. the closely related, and often co-circulating, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus causes a clinically similar devastating disease in white-tailed deer, with increasing levels of disease in cattle in the past 10 years. transmitted by culicoides biting midges, together, they constitute constant disease threats to the livelihood of livestock owners. in cattle, serious economic impa ... | 2021 | 33921013 |
| vector competence of florida culicoides insignis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype-2. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv; family reoviridae, genus orbivirus) is an arthropod-borne virus of ungulates, primarily white-tailed deer in north america. culicoides sonorensis, the only confirmed north american vector of ehdv, is rarely collected from florida despite annual virus outbreaks. culicoides insignis is an abundant species in florida and is also a confirmed vector of the closely related bluetongue virus. in this study, oral challenge of c. insignis was performed to determi ... | 2021 | 33807536 |
| spatial analysis of the 2017 outbreak of hemorrhagic disease and physiographic region in the eastern united states. | hemorrhagic disease (hd) is considered one of the most significant infectious diseases of white-tailed deer in north america. investigations into environmental conditions associated with outbreaks suggest drought conditions are strongly correlated with outbreaks in some regions of the united states. however, during 2017, an hd outbreak occurred in the eastern united states which appeared to be associated with a specific physiographic region, the appalachian plateau, and not drought conditions. t ... | 2021 | 33806137 |