| new disease records for hatchery-reared sturgeon. i. expansion of frog virus 3 host range into scaphirhynchus albus. | in 2009, juvenile pallid sturgeon scaphirhynchus albus, reared at the blind pony state fish hatchery (missouri, usa) to replenish dwindling wild stocks, experienced mass mortality. histological examination revealed extensive necrosis of the haematopoietic tissues, and a virus was isolated from affected organs in cell culture and then observed by electron microscopy. experimental infection studies revealed that the virus is highly pathogenic to juvenile pallid sturgeon, one of several species of ... | 2014 | 25320034 |
| persistence of an amphibian ranavirus in aquatic communities. | host-parasite dynamics can be strongly influenced by interactions with other members of the biotic community, particularly when the parasite spends some fraction of its life in the environment unprotected by its host. ranaviruses-often lethal viruses of cold-blooded vertebrate hosts transmitted by direct contact, and via water and fomites-offer an interesting system for understanding these community influences. previous laboratory studies have shown that ranaviruses can persist for anywhere from ... | 2014 | 25266900 |
| susceptibility of fish and turtles to three ranaviruses isolated from different ectothermic vertebrate classes. | ranaviruses have been associated with mortality of lower vertebrates around the world. frog virus 3 (fv3)-like ranaviruses have been isolated from different ectothermic vertebrate classes; however, few studies have demonstrated whether this pathogen can be transmitted among classes. using fv3-like ranaviruses isolated from the american bullfrog lithobates catesbeianus, eastern box turtle terrapene carolina carolina, and pallid sturgeon scaphirhynchus albus, we tested for the occurrence of interc ... | 2014 | 24895866 |
| transmission of ranavirus between ectothermic vertebrate hosts. | transmission is an essential process that contributes to the survival of pathogens. ranaviruses are known to infect different classes of lower vertebrates including amphibians, fishes and reptiles. differences in the likelihood of infection among ectothermic vertebrate hosts could explain the successful yearlong persistence of ranaviruses in aquatic environments. the goal of this study was to determine if transmission of a frog virus 3 (fv3)-like ranavirus was possible among three species from d ... | 2014 | 24667325 |
| mass mortality of eastern box turtles with upper respiratory disease following atypical cold weather. | emerging infectious diseases cause population declines in many ectotherms, with outbreaks frequently punctuated by periods of mass mortality. it remains unclear, however, whether thermoregulation by ectotherms and variation in environmental temperature is associated with mortality risk and disease progression, especially in wild populations. here, we examined environmental and body temperatures of free-ranging eastern box turtles terrapene carolina during a mass die-off coincident with upper res ... | 2017 | 28425422 |
| complete genome sequence of frog virus 3, isolated from a strawberry poison frog (oophaga pumilio) imported from nicaragua into the netherlands. | frog virus 3 was isolated from a strawberry poison frog (oophaga pumilio) imported from nicaragua via germany to the netherlands, and its complete genome sequence was determined. frog virus 3 isolate op/2015/netherlands/uu3150324001 is 107,183 bp long and has a nucleotide similarity of 98.26% to the reference frog virus 3 isolate. | 2017 | 28860243 |
| co-infection by alveolate parasites and frog virus 3-like ranavirus during an amphibian larval mortality event in florida, usa. | a multispecies amphibian larval mortality event, primarily affecting american bullfrogs lithobates catesbeianus, was investigated during april 2011 at the mike roess gold head branch state park, clay county, florida, usa. freshly dead and moribund tadpoles had hemorrhagic lesions around the vent and on the ventral body surface, with some exhibiting a swollen abdomen. bullfrogs (100%), southern leopard frogs l. sphenocephalus (33.3%), and gopher frogs l. capito (100%) were infected by alveolate p ... | 2013 | 23872853 |
| detection of ranavirus using bone marrow harvested from mortality events in eastern box turtles ( terrapene carolina carolina). | the causes of free-living chelonian mortality events are often unknown because of infrequent recovery of remains and rapid postmortem decomposition. this study describes a technique to harvest bone marrow and detect frog virus 3-like ranavirus (fv3) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in skeletonized eastern box turtles ( terrapene carolina carolina) ( n = 87), and assesses agreement with concurrent perimortem samples ( n = 14). fv3 was detected in bone marrow samples from 12 turtle she ... | 2017 | 29297832 |
| frog virus 3 open reading frame 97r localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and induces nuclear invaginations. | frog virus 3 (fv3) is the type species of the genus ranavirus, family iridoviridae. the genome of fv3 is 105,903 bases in length and encodes 97 open reading frames (orfs). the fv3 orf 97r contains a b-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) homology 1 (bh1) domain and has sequence similarity to the myeloid cell leukemia-1 (mcl-1) protein, suggesting a potential role in apoptosis. to begin to understand the role of 97r, we characterized 97r through immunofluorescence and mutagenesis. here we demonstrated that 97 ... | 2013 | 23760249 |
| pathogenicity of frog virus 3-like virus in red-eared slider turtles (trachemys scripta elegans) at two environmental temperatures. | ranaviral disease has affected several species of reptiles, but disease progression and mortality in relation to environmental temperature has yet to be determined. in this study, two separate trials challenged adult female red-eared slider turtles (trachemys scripta elegans) with a ranavirus (frog virus 3-like virus; fv3) isolate at environmental temperatures of 22 °c (n = 4) and 28 °c (n = 4). the mortality rates in the turtles in the 22 °c and 28 °c trials were 100% and 50%, respectively. med ... | 2013 | 23582975 |
| ranavirus infection in a group of wild-caught lake urmia newts neurergus crocatus imported from iraq into germany. | high mortality, in association with anorexia and skin ulcerations, occurred in a group of wild-caught lake urmia newts neurergus crocatus, imported from iraq in 2011. predominant findings in the pathological examinations consisted of systemic hemorrhages and ulcerative dermatitis. ranavirus dna was detected via pcr in 2 of 3 dead animals, and a part of the major capsid protein (mcp) gene was sequenced. the analyzed portion of the mcp gene was 99% identical to the corresponding portion of the fro ... | 2013 | 23574704 |
| phylogenetic analysis of a frog virus 3-like ranavirus found at a site with recurrent mortality and morbidity events in southeastern ontario, canada: partial major capsid protein sequence alone is not sufficient for fine-scale differentiation. | ranaviruses are emerging pathogens of amphibians. we examined the phylogenetic relationship of ranaviruses from infected lithobates sylvaticus tadpoles 2001-2004 from oliver pond, ontario, canada. the isolates sequenced are primarily frog virus 3-like, but because of sequence convergence, finer-scale analysis based on the major capsid protein was uninformative. | 2013 | 23568931 |
| delineating the roles of cellular and innate antiviral immune parameters mediating ranavirus susceptibility using rainbow trout cell lines. | frog virus 3 is the type species of the ranavirus genus and the causative agent of massive mortalities of aquatic species worldwide. a critical step in limiting virus replication, particularly early in infection, is the innate immune response. presently, little is known regarding what innate immune strategies limit fv3 at the cellular level. to this end, the present study uses two rainbow trout cell lines, rtg-2 and rtgutgc, which demonstrate susceptible and relatively resistant phenotypes to fv ... | 2017 | 28634115 |