| phylogenetic analysis of porphyromonas species isolated from the oral cavity of australian marsupials. | porphyromonas species are frequently isolated from the oral cavity and are associated with periodontal disease in both animals and humans. black, pigmented porphyromonas spp. isolated from the gingival margins of selected wild and captive australian marsupials with varying degrees of periodontal disease (brushtail possums, koalas and macropods) were compared phylogenetically to porphyromonas strains from non-marsupials (bear, wolf, coyote, cats and dogs) and porphyromonas gingivalis strains from ... | 2008 | 18564186 |
| a bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii typing scheme based upon 16s-23s its and pap31 sequences from dog, coyote, gray fox, and human isolates. | since the isolation of bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii from a dog with endocarditis in 1993, this organism has emerged as an important pathogen in dogs and as an emerging pathogen in people. current evidence indicates that coyotes, dogs and gray foxes potentially serve as reservoir hosts. based upon sequence differences within the 16s-23s its region and pap31 gene, we propose a classification scheme that divides b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii isolates into four distinct types. two conse ... | 2006 | 16460911 |
| downside risk of wildlife translocation. | translocation has been used successfully by wildlife professionals to enhance or reintroduce populations of rare or extirpated wildlife, provide hunting or wildlife viewing opportunities, farm wild game, and reduce local human-wildlife conflicts. however, accidental and intentional translocations may have multiple unintended negative consequences, including increased stress and mortality of relocated animals, negative impacts on resident animals at release sites, increased conflicts with human i ... | 2008 | 18634483 |
| trichinella murrelli in scavenging mammals from south-central wisconsin, usa. | tissues and serum from 59 raccoons (procyon lotor), 42 coyotes (canis latrans), and seven striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) collected in dane and iowa counties, wisconsin, usa, between october 2005 and march 2006 were microscopically and serologically examined for the presence of trichinella spp. encapsulated larvae were found on compression slides prepared from tongue tissues from a few animals. complete tissue digestion of tongues revealed that 19% of the raccoons, 26% of the coyotes, and non ... | 2008 | 18689648 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2007. | summary: during 2007, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,258 cases of rabies in animals and 1 case in a human to the cdc, representing a 4.6% increase from the 6,940 cases in animals and 3 cases in humans reported in 2006. approximately 93% of the cases were in wildlife, and 7% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,659 raccoons (36.6%), 1,973 bats (27.2%), 1,478 skunks (20.4%), 489 foxes (6.7%), 274 cats (3.8%), 93 dogs (1.3%), and 57 ca ... | 2008 | 18795848 |
| analysis of forensic snps in the canine mtdna hv1 mutational hotspot region. | a 60 bp sequence variation hotspot in the canine mitochondrial dna hypervariable region 1 was evaluated for its use in forensic investigations. nineteen haplotypes containing 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms were observed among laboratory-generated and genbank-derived domestic dog sequences representing five regional localities in the u.s. samples from the different localities were highly variable with the levels of intra-population variability being similar among the populations studied. amov ... | 2008 | 18808373 |
| hybridization among three native north american canis species in a region of natural sympatry. | background: population densities of many species throughout the world are changing due to direct persecution as well as anthropogenic habitat modification. these changes may induce or increase the frequency of hybridization among taxa. if extensive, hybridization can threaten the genetic integrity or survival of endangered species. three native species of the genus canis, coyote (c. latrans), mexican wolf (c. lupus baileyi) and red wolf (c. rufus), were historically sympatric in texas, united st ... | 2008 | 18841199 |
| social communication in canids: evidence for the evolution of a stereotyped mammalian display. | the variability in the duration and form of the canid play bow was studied in infant coyotes, wolves, wolf-dog hybrids, beagles, and adult free-ranging dogs. both duration and form showed marked stereotypy. it appears that the role of this context-specific social signal in the communication of play intention has been fostered by selection for "morphological" stereotypy. | 1977 | 17836077 |
| detection of lawsonia intracellularis by real-time pcr in the feces of free-living animals from equine farms with documented occurrence of equine proliferative enteropathy. | the objective of this study was to determine whether lawsonia intracellularis was present in the feces of free-living animals collected on two equine premises with documented occurrence of equine proliferative enteropathy (epe). fresh feces from black-tailed jackrabbits (lepus californicus, n=100), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis, n=22), feral cats (felis catus, n=14), brewer's blackbirds (euphagus cyanocephalus, n=10), virginian opossums (didelphis virginiana, n=9), raccoons (procyon lotor, n ... | 2008 | 18957657 |
| risk factors associated with anthrax outbreak in animals in north dakota, 2005: a retrospective case-control study. | we identified the risk factors associated with the anthrax outbreak of 2005 in animals in north dakota. | 2008 | 19006977 |
| defining the immune response to ehrlichia species using murine models. | pathogenic bacteria belonging to the family anaplasmataceae include species of the genera ehrlichia and anaplasma. ehrlichia chaffeensis, first known as the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, also infects several vertebrate hosts including white-tailed deer, dogs, coyotes and goats. e. chaffeensis is transmitted from the bite of an infected hard tick, such as amblyomma americanum. e. chaffeensis and other tick-transmitted pathogens have adapted to both the tick and vertebrate host ... | 2008 | 19028013 |
| economic evaluation of an oral rabies vaccination program for control of a domestic dog-coyote rabies epizootic: 1995-2006. | to conduct a benefit-cost analysis of the results of the domestic dog and coyote (ddc) oral rabies vaccine (orv) program in texas from 1995 through 2006 by use of fiscal records and relevant public health data. | 2008 | 19046031 |
| surveillance of coyotes to detect bovine tuberculosis, michigan. | bovine tuberculosis (tb) is endemic in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern portion of michigan's lower peninsula. bovine tb in deer and cattle has created immense financial consequences for the livestock industry and hunting public. surveillance identified coyotes (canis latrans) as potential bio-accumulators of mycobacterium bovis, a finding that generated interest in their potential to serve as sentinels for monitoring disease risk. we sampled 175 coyotes in the bovi ... | 2008 | 19046508 |
| protein hydrolysates are avoided by herbivores but not by omnivores in two-choice preference tests. | the negative sensory properties of casein hydrolysates (hc) often limit their usage in products intended for human consumption, despite hc being nutritious and having many functional benefits. recent, but taxonomically limited, evidence suggests that other animals also avoid consuming hc when alternatives exist. | 2009 | 19122811 |
| linkage disequilibrium and demographic history of wild and domestic canids. | assessing the extent of linkage disequilibrium (ld) in natural populations of a nonmodel species has been difficult due to the lack of available genomic markers. however, with advances in genotyping and genome sequencing, genomic characterization of natural populations has become feasible. using sequence data and snp genotypes, we measured ld and modeled the demographic history of wild canid populations and domestic dog breeds. in 11 gray wolf populations and one coyote population, we find that ... | 2009 | 19189949 |
| detection of neospora caninum from farm-bred young blue foxes (alopex lagopus) in china. | neospora caninum has been detected in several wild mammalian species, i.e., deer, coyotes, dingoes, and foxes. farm-bred foxes were rarely reported to be affected by the parasite. in this study, we detected for the first time the infection of n.caninum in farm-bred young blue foxes (alopex lagopus) in china. neospora-like tissue cysts were observed in brains and kidneys of the foxes by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. one hundred and three sera from the clinically normal v ... | 2009 | 19194087 |
| coyotes demonstrate how habitat specialization by individuals of a generalist species can diversify populations in a heterogeneous ecoregion. | the tendency for individuals to disperse into habitat similar to their natal habitat has been observed in a wide range of species, although its population genetic consequences have received little study. such behavior could lead to discrete habitat-specific population subdivisions even in the absence of physical dispersal barriers or habitat gaps. previous studies of coyotes have supported this hypothesis in a small region of california, but its evolutionary significance ultimately depends on th ... | 2008 | 18391065 |
| phytoremediation of chlorinated ethenes in seepline sediments: tree selection. | phytoremediation of chlorinated ethene (ce)-contaminated water was investigated at the savannah river site in aiken, sc, usa. perchloroethylene (pce) and trichloroethylene (tce) are present where ce-contaminated groundwater currently outcrops in seepline soils. results of constructed and planted test cells, filled with soil from a noncontaminated seepline area and supplied with ce-contaminated groundwater (48 ppb) in the field for one season are presented. these test cells were planted with lobl ... | 2008 | 19260231 |
| trans-species amplification of prp(cwd) and correlation with rigid loop 170n. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is an efficiently transmitted spongiform encephalopathy of cervids. whether cwd could represent a threat to non-cervid species remains speculative. here we show that brain homogenates from several cwd-susceptible non-cervid species, such as ferrets and hamsters, support amplification of prp(cwd) by spmca, whereas brain homogenates from cwd-resistant species, such as laboratory mice and transgenic mice expressing human prp(c) [tg(huprp) mice], do not. we also investi ... | 2009 | 19269662 |
| crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous), a south american canid, as a definitive host for hammondia heydorni. | hammondia heydorni is a cyst forming coccidia closely related to other apicomplexans, such as toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and hammondia hammondi with a two-host life cycle. dogs and other canids as red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (canis latrans) may serve as definitive hosts for h. heydorni. sporulated oocysts are infective for cattle, sheep and goats, which may serve as intermediate hosts. herein, we describe the ability of crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous), a wild carnivore that ... | 2009 | 19303215 |
| coyotes (canis latrans) and the matching law. | environmental change is accelerating due to anthropogenic influence. species that have greater behavioral flexibility may be better adapted to exploit new or constantly changing habitats. there are few mammals and even fewer carnivores that better illustrate widespread adaptability and behavioral flexibility in the wake of human disturbance than coyotes (canis latrans). yet how such predators successfully track resources, enabling them to survive and extend their range in stochastic environments ... | 2009 | 19555745 |
| spatial analysis of plague in california: niche modeling predictions of the current distribution and potential response to climate change. | plague, caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis, is a public and wildlife health concern in california and the western united states. this study explores the spatial characteristics of positive plague samples in california and tests maxent, a machine-learning method that can be used to develop niche-based models from presence-only data, for mapping the potential distribution of plague foci. maxent models were constructed using geocoded seroprevalence data from surveillance of california ground s ... | 2009 | 19558717 |
| origin and phylogenetic analysis of tibetan mastiff based on the mitochondrial dna sequence. | at present, the tibetan mastiff is the oldest and most ferocious dog in the world. however, the origin of the tibetan mastiff and its phylogenetic relationship with other large breed dogs such as saint bernard are unclear. in this study, the primers were designed according to the mitochondrial genome sequence of the domestic dog, and the 2,525 bp mitochondrial sequence, containing the whole sequence of cytochrome b, trna-thr, trna-pro, and control region of the tibetan mastiff, was obtained. usi ... | 2008 | 18571121 |
| surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in scavengers of white-tailed deer carcasses in the chronic wasting disease area of wisconsin. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a class of neurodegenerative transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse) occurring in cervids, is found in a number of states and provinces across north america. misfolded prions, the infectious agents of cwd, are deposited in the environment via carcass remains and excreta, and pose a threat of cross-species transmission. in this study tissues were tested from 812 representative mammalian scavengers, collected in the cwd-affected area of wisconsin, for tse inf ... | 2009 | 19697235 |
| alternate pathway of infection with hepatozoon americanum and the epidemiologic importance of predation. | the range of american canine hepatozoonosis (ach) is expanding from the southern usa northward. transmission of hepatozoon americanum occurs by ingestion of infected gulf coast ticks, amblyomma maculatum. the source of the protozoan for the tick remains undetermined; infected dogs are unusual hosts for the tick. | 2009 | 19709355 |
| a serological survey of infectious disease in yellowstone national park's canid community. | gray wolves (canis lupus) were reintroduced into yellowstone national park (ynp) after a >70 year absence, and as part of recovery efforts, the population has been closely monitored. in 1999 and 2005, pup survival was significantly reduced, suggestive of disease outbreaks. | 2009 | 19756151 |
| human vaccinia infection after contact with a raccoon rabies vaccine bait - pennsylvania, 2009. | since 2003, the u.s. department of agriculture's wildlife services has coordinated a multistate oral rabies vaccination (orv) program for wildlife in a 15-state zone extending from maine to alabama and in texas. the program seeks to enhance local control and prevent the spread of epizootic rabies among raccoons and, in texas, among gray foxes and coyotes. the program uses baits containing liquid vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) recombinant virus vaccine. because contact with ruptured baits ca ... | 2009 | 19893480 |
| molecular and evolutionary history of melanism in north american gray wolves. | morphological diversity within closely related species is an essential aspect of evolution and adaptation. mutations in the melanocortin 1 receptor (mc1r) gene contribute to pigmentary diversity in natural populations of fish, birds, and many mammals. however, melanism in the gray wolf, canis lupus, is caused by a different melanocortin pathway component, the k locus, that encodes a beta-defensin protein that acts as an alternative ligand for mc1r. we show that the melanistic k locus mutation in ... | 2009 | 19197024 |
| hematology, parasitology, and serology of free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) from south carolina. | blood and feces were collected from 34 adult (19 males, 15 females) and seven juvenile (three males, one female, three not reported) free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) on the us department of energy's savannah river site (south carolina, usa). significant (p<0.05) hematologic differences by sex were noted for red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. biochemical differences by sex occurred only for albumen (p<0.05). twenty-one adults were antibody positive for at least one of four vir ... | 2009 | 19617502 |
| bartonella rochalimae in raccoons, coyotes, and red foxes. | to determine additional reservoirs for bartonella rochalimae, we examined samples from several wildlife species. we isolated b. rochalimae from 1 red fox near paris, france, and from 11 raccoons and 2 coyotes from california, usa. co-infection with b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was documented in 1 of the coyotes. | 2009 | 19961681 |
| seroprevalence of trypanosoma cruzi among eleven potential reservoir species from six states across the southern united states. | trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas' disease, is a substantial public health concern in latin america. although rare in humans and domestic animals in the united states, t. cruzi is commonly detected in some wildlife species, most commonly raccoons (procyon lotor) and virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana). to increase our understanding of the reservoir host species range and geographic distribution, 11 species of mammals from six states spanning the known range of t. cruzi (arizo ... | 2010 | 20020815 |
| oral rabies vaccination in north america: opportunities, complexities, and challenges. | steps to facilitate inter-jurisdictional collaboration nationally and continentally have been critical for implementing and conducting coordinated wildlife rabies management programs that rely heavily on oral rabies vaccination (orv). formation of a national rabies management team has been pivotal for coordinated orv programs in the united states of america. the signing of the north american rabies management plan extended a collaborative framework for coordination of surveillance, control, and ... | 2009 | 20027214 |
| parallels between playbacks and pleistocene tar seeps suggest sociality in an extinct sabretooth cat, smilodon. | inferences concerning the lives of extinct animals are difficult to obtain from the fossil record. here we present a novel approach to the study of extinct carnivores, using a comparison between fossil records (n=3324) found in late pleistocene tar seeps at rancho la brea in north america and counts (n=4491) from playback experiments used to estimate carnivore abundance in africa. playbacks and tar seep deposits represent competitive, potentially dangerous encounters where multiple predators are ... | 2009 | 18957359 |
| [seroprevalence of antibodies anti-neospora caninum and anti-toxoplasma gondii in captive wild canids]. | neosporosis is considered one of the main cause of abortion in dairy cattle in the world. the prevalence of neospora caninum in wild species has been studied since the coyote (canis latrans), a north american wild canid specie was discovered as definitive host of this parasite. the aim of the present study was to determine the serum prevalence of n. caninum and t. gondii in wild native canids species from brazil. serum samples of 25 crab-eating dogs (cerdocyon thous), five pampas fox (lycalopex ... | 2008 | 20059860 |
| a 10-year wildlife survey of 15 species of canadian carnivores identifies new hosts or geographic locations for trichinella genotypes t2, t4, t5, and t6. | a survey of wild carnivores in canada was conducted over a 10-year period to determine the prevalence and genotypes of trichinella. muscle samples collected from 1409 animals representing 15 hosts species were enzymatically digested to recover trichinella larvae. larvae were recovered from a total of 287 (20.4%) animals and pcr identified four genotypes of trichinella. trichinella nativa was found in 5 host species and was the most commonly found genotype. trichinella t6 was present in 7 species ... | 2010 | 19926223 |
| aggression and rabid coyotes, massachusetts, usa. | | 2010 | 20113587 |
| elucidating the spread of the emerging canid nematode angiostrongylus vasorum between palaearctic and nearctic ecozones. | angiostrongylus vasorum is an emerging parasite that is currently distributed through western europe and parts of south america. an isolated population is also present in newfoundland, canada. this presents a risk of onward spread into north america, but its origin is unknown. to ascertain the phylogeographic relationships and genetic diversity of a. vasorum within the western palaearctic and eastern nearctic ecozones, a total of 143 adult and larval nematode specimens were collected from foxes ... | 2010 | 20139034 |
| ecophysiology of riparian cottonwood and willow before, during, and after two years of soil water removal. | riparian cottonwood/willow forest assemblages are highly valued in the southwestern united states for their wildlife habitat, biodiversity, and watershed protection. yet these forests are under considerable threat from climate change impacts on water resources and land-use activities to support human enterprise. stream diversions, groundwater pumping, and extended drought have resulted in the decline of cottonwood/willow forests along many riparian corridors in the southwest and, in many cases, ... | 2010 | 20405792 |
| identification of in vivo-induced conserved sequences from yersinia pestis during experimental plague infection in the rabbit. | in an effort to identify the novel virulence determinants of yersinia pestis, we applied the gene "discovery" methodology, in vivo-induced (ivi) antigen technology, to detect genes upregulated during infection in a laboratory rabbit model for bubonic plague. after screening over 70,000 escherichia coli clones of y. pestis dna expression libraries, products from 25 loci were identified as being seroreactive to reductively adsorbed, pooled immune serum. upon sequence analysis of the predicted ivi ... | 2010 | 20055582 |
| endoparasites of the coyote (canis latrans), a recent migrant to insular newfoundland. | this study provides the first data on the helminth fauna of the coyote (canis latrans) in insular newfoundland. sixty-nine coyotes were collected between 2001 and 2003 and examined for helminths. a total of 10 helminth species were recorded: the cestodes taenia ovis krabbei (9%), taenia hydatigena (4%), taenia pisiformis (1%), and mesocestoides spp. (5%); and the nematodes toxocara canis (19%), toxascaris leonina (1%), crenosoma vulpis (19%), physaloptera rara (6%), uncinaria stenocephala (3%), ... | 2009 | 19901402 |
| babesia microti-like infections are prevalent in north american foxes. | babesia microti-like organisms have recently been identified as a cause of hemolytic anemia and azotemia in european dogs. a genetically and morphologically similar b. microti-like parasite has been identified in two foxes from north america. in order to assess the prevalence of this parasite in north american wild canids we screened blood samples from coyotes (canis latrans) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from eastern canada and red foxes and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) from north caro ... | 2010 | 20580162 |
| neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibody prevalence in alaska wildlife. | free-ranging caribou and moose populations in some regions of alaska undergo periodic declines in numbers. caribou and moose are managed by the state as valuable resources for not only sustenance and subsistence, but also for cultural heritage. incidence and prevalence of diseases that may impact herd health and recruitment from year to year are relevant to management decisions aimed to protect the long-term viability of these herds. neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are two apicomplexan pa ... | 2010 | 20688628 |
| epizootiologic survey of mycobacterium bovis in wildlife and farm environments in northern michigan. | bovine tuberculosis (bovine tb), caused by mycobacterium bovis, has reemerged in northern michigan, usa, with detections in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in 1994 and in cattle in 1998. since then, significant efforts have been directed toward reducing deer densities in the area in the hopes of reducing the bovine tb prevalence rate in deer and eliminating spillover of the disease into cattle. despite the success of the efforts to reduce deer densities, additional cattle herds have b ... | 2010 | 20688630 |
| canine schistosomiasis in north america: an underdiagnosed disease with an expanding distribution. | heterobilharzia americana, a digenean trematode in the family schistosomatidae, is the etiologic agent of canine schistosomiasis in the southeastern united states.1 a few cases of canine schistosomiasis have been reported in florida, louisiana, north carolina, texas, and, recently, kansas.1-6 the natural definitive host for the fluke is the raccoon1; however, infections have been detected in nutrias, bobcats, mountain lions, opossums, white-tailed deer, swamp rabbits, armadillos, coyotes, red wo ... | 2010 | 20473851 |
| wolves in the great lakes region: a phylogeographic puzzle. | empirical studies demonstrate that natural hybridization in animals is more common than thought so far (mallet 2005), particularly among species that originated recently through cycles of population contraction-expansion arising from climate changes over the last glacial period, the pleistocene. in addition, the post-glacial global growth of human populations has fostered anthropogenic hybridization events, mediated by habitat changes, the persecution of large predators and the introduction of a ... | 2010 | 21040036 |
| persistence of canine distemper virus in the greater yellowstone ecosystem's carnivore community. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is an acute, highly immunizing pathogen that should require high densities and large populations of hosts for long-term persistence, yet cdv persists among terrestrial carnivores with small, patchily distributed groups. we used cdv in the greater yellowstone ecosystem's (gye) wolves (canis lupus) and coyotes (canis latrans) as a case study for exploring how metapopulation structure, host demographics, and multi-host transmission affect the critical community size and ... | 2010 | 21049890 |
| assessment of the functionality of genome-wide canine snp arrays and implications for canine disease association studies. | domestic dogs share a wide range of important disease conditions with humans, including cancers, diabetes and epilepsy. many of these conditions have similar or identical underlying pathologies to their human counterparts and thus dogs represent physiologically relevant natural models of human disorders. comparative genomic approaches whereby disease genes can be identified in dog diseases and then mapped onto the human genome are now recognized as a valid method and are increasing in popularity ... | 2010 | 21070295 |
| experimental infection of dogs (canis familiaris) with sporulated oocysts of neospora caninum. | neospora caninum is widely distributed in the world and this parasite is one of the major causes of abortion in cattle. dogs and coyotes are definitive hosts of n. caninum and several species of domestic and wild animals are intermediate hosts. dogs can become infected by the ingestion of tissues containing cysts and then excrete oocysts. it is not yet known whether sporulated oocysts are able to induce a patent infection in dogs, i.e. a shedding of n. caninum oocysts in feces. the objective of ... | 2010 | 21094584 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the red fox (vuples vuples) and phylogenetic analysis with other canid species. | the whole mitochondrial genome sequence of red fox (vuples vuples) was determined. it had a total length of 16 723 bp. as in most mammal mitochondrial genome, it contained 13 protein coding genes, two ribosome rna genes, 22 transfer rna genes and one control region. the base composition was 31.3% a, 26.1% c, 14.8% g and 27.8% t, respectively. the codon usage of red fox, arctic fox, gray wolf, domestic dog and coyote followed the same pattern except for an unusual att start codon, which initiates ... | 2010 | 20545001 |
| lead poisoning of bald (haliaeetus leucocephalus) and golden (aquila chrysaetos) eagles in the u.s. inland pacific northwest region--an 18-year retrospective study: 1991-2008. | to determine risk factors and seasonal trends of lead poisoning in bald (haliaeetus leucocephalus) and golden (aquila chrysaetos) eagles, blood lead levels were evaluated in eagles admitted from the inland pacific northwest region of the united states to the raptor rehabilitation program, college of veterinary medicine at washington state university from 1991 to 2008. admissions were from washington (32 bald eagles, 27 golden eagles), northern idaho (21 bald eagles, 25 golden eagles), northeaste ... | 2010 | 21302758 |
| effects of management of domestic dogs and recreation on carnivores in protected areas in northern california. | in developed countries dogs (canis lupus familiaris) are permitted to accompany human visitors to many protected areas (e.g., >96% of protected lands in california, u.s.a.), and protected-area management often focuses on regulating dogs due to concerns about predation, competition, or transmission of disease and conflicts with human visitors. in 2004 and 2005, we investigated whether carnivore species richness and abundance were associated with management of domestic dogs and recreational visita ... | 2011 | 21309853 |
| prevalence, distribution, and diversity of salmonella enterica in a major produce region of california. | a survey was initiated to determine the prevalence of salmonella enterica in the environment in and around monterey county, ca, a major agriculture region of the united states. trypticase soy broth enrichment cultures of samples of soil/sediment (n = 617), water (n = 252), wildlife (n = 476), cattle feces (n = 795), and preharvest lettuce and spinach (n = 261) tested originally for the presence of pathogenic escherichia coli were kept in frozen storage and later used to test for the presence of ... | 2011 | 21378057 |
| filaroides osleri (oslerus osleri): two case reports and a review of canid infections in north america. | infections of domesticated dogs by a worldwide parasitic nematode filaroides osleri (oslerus osleri) lead to verminous tracheobronchitis that are often misdiagnosed clinically as kennel cough, due to infection with the bacterium bordetella bronchiseptica. diagnosis of two canine cases in wyoming, usa prompted a search of the literature of canid infections in north america. infections of domestic dogs are reported in nine us states and four canadian provinces. dogs of multiple breeds and both sex ... | 2011 | 21411228 |
| active use of coyotes (canis latrans) to detect bovine tuberculosis in northeastern michigan, usa. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is endemic in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern michigan, usa, and research suggests transmission to cattle. prevalence of the disease in deer is estimated at 1.8%, but as prevalence decreases the difficulty of detection increases. research suggests coyotes (canis latrans) have a higher prevalence of btb in michigan than deer and sampling coyotes may be a more efficient surveillance tool to detect presence or spread of the disease. coyotes posse ... | 2011 | 21420801 |
| [studies on the role of the red fox (vulpes vulpes) as a potential definitive host of neospora caninum]. | neospora (n.) caninum is a protozoan parasite which is regarded as a major cause of abortion in cattle. dogs and coyotes are definitive hosts of n. caninum which may shed environmentally resistant stages, oocysts, in their feces. epidemiological studies in germany showed that the presence of dogs increased the risk of a bovine herd to be n. caninum-positive in a bulk-milk elisa test. however, there were also n. caninum-positive herds where dogs were not kept together with cattle.this leads to th ... | 2011 | 21465771 |
| utilization of paw prints for species identification in the canidae family. | in this report, the bodies of six skinned animals were submitted to the oklahoma animal disease diagnostic laboratory for necropsy examination as authorities were concerned these animals were domestic dogs. given the condition of the animals, identification of the animal species could not be based on traditional physical characteristics such as size, fur characteristics, and ear characteristics. the paw prints from these animals were characterized based on size, heel pad architecture, and claw c ... | 2011 | 21470233 |
| assessing the prevalence of hybridization between sympatric canis species surrounding the red wolf (canis rufus) recovery area in north carolina. | predicting spatial patterns of hybridization is important for evolutionary and conservation biology yet are hampered by poor understanding of how hybridizing species can interact. this is especially pertinent in contact zones where hybridizing populations are sympatric. in this study, we examined the extent of red wolf (canis rufus) colonization and introgression where the species contacts a coyote (c. latrans) population in north carolina, usa. we surveyed 22 000 km(2) in the winter of 2008 for ... | 2011 | 21486372 |
| novel hepatozoon in vertebrates from the southern united states. | abstract novel hepatozoon spp. sequences collected from previously unrecognized vertebrate hosts in north america were compared with documented hepatozoon 18s rrna sequences in an effort to examine phylogenetic relationships between the different hepatozoon organisms found cycling in nature. an approximately 500 base pair fragment of 18s rdna common to hepatozoon spp. and some other apicomplexans was amplified and sequenced from the tissues or blood of 16 vertebrate host species from the souther ... | 2011 | 21506825 |
| narcoleptic episodes in orexin-deficient mice are increased by both attractive and aversive odors. | orexin-deficient mice are an established animal model for narcolepsy. in human patients, narcoleptic events are mainly triggered by emotional events. however, the role of emotional stimuli in murine narcolepsy is not well understood. the present study investigated the effects of attractive and aversive odor stimuli, i.e. urine samples of coyote and female mice, on narcoleptic episodes (cataplexy, sleep attacks) in orexin-deficient mice. here, we first demonstrate that exposure to both attractive ... | 2011 | 21510981 |
| jasmonate and pphsystemin regulate key malonylation steps in the biosynthesis of 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides, an abundant and effective direct defense against herbivores in nicotiana attenuata. | we identified 11 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides (hgl-dtgs) that occur in concentrations equivalent to starch (mg/g fresh mass) in aboveground tissues of coyote tobacco (nicotiana attenuata) and differ in their sugar moieties and malonyl sugar esters (0-2). concentrations of hgl-dtgs, particularly malonylated compounds, are highest in young and reproductive tissues. within a tissue, herbivore elicitation changes concentrations and biosynthetic kinetics of individual compounds. usi ... | 2010 | 20081114 |
| a genome-wide perspective on the evolutionary history of enigmatic wolf-like canids. | high-throughput genotyping technologies developed for model species can potentially increase the resolution of demographic history and ancestry in wild relatives. we use a snp genotyping microarray developed for the domestic dog to assay variation in over 48k loci in wolf-like species worldwide. despite the high mobility of these large carnivores, we find distinct hierarchical population units within gray wolves and coyotes that correspond with geographic and ecologic differences among populatio ... | 2011 | 21566151 |
| antigenic profiling of yersinia pestis infection in the wyoming coyote (canis latrans). | although yersinia pestis is classified as a "high-virulence" pathogen, some host species are variably susceptible to disease. coyotes (canis latrans) exhibit mild, if any, symptoms during infection, but antibody production occurs postinfection. this immune response has been reported to be against the f1 capsule, although little subsequent characterization has been conducted. to further define the nature of coyote humoral immunity to plague, qualitative serology was conducted to assess the antipl ... | 2011 | 21269993 |
| neonatal mortality of elk driven by climate, predator phenology and predator community composition. | 1. understanding the interaction among predators and between predation and climate is critical to understanding the mechanisms for compensatory mortality. we used data from 1999 radio-marked neonatal elk (cervus elaphus) calves from 12 populations in the north-western united states to test for effects of predation on neonatal survival, and whether predation interacted with climate to render mortality compensatory. 2. weibull survival models with a random effect for each population were fit as a ... | 2011 | 21615401 |
| using the dog genome to find single nucleotide polymorphisms in red foxes and other distantly related members of the canidae. | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) are the ideal marker for characterizing genomic variation but can be difficult to find in nonmodel species. we explored the usefulness of the dog genome for finding snps in distantly related nonmodel canids and evaluated so-ascertained snps. using 40 primer pairs designed from randomly selected bacterial artificial chromosome clones from the dog genome, we successfully sequenced 80-88% of loci in a coyote (canis latrans), grey fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus), ... | 2008 | 21585716 |
| annual seroprevalence of yersinia pestis in coyotes as predictors of interannual variation in reports of human plague cases in arizona, united states. | abstract although several health departments collect coyote blood samples for plague surveillance, the association between reported human cases and coyote seroprevalence rates remains anecdotal. using data from an endemic region of the united states, we sought to quantify this association. from 1974 to 1998, about 2,276 coyote blood samples from four arizona counties were tested for serological evidence of exposure to yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. using a titer threshold presum ... | 2011 | 21756031 |
| detection of trichinella murrelli in coyotes (canis latrans) from oklahoma and north texas. | we determined the prevalence and mean intensity of trichinella sp. infection in coyotes from six counties in oklahoma and one in northern texas. tongues from 77 coyotes were examined using histology and artificial tissue digestion. histological examination showed a prevalence of 3.9% (3 of 77) whereas the prevalence was 6.5% (5 of 77) based on artificial digestion of 5.0g of muscle from coyote tongues. one sample was positive for trichinella sp. on histology but negative by artificial digestion. ... | 2011 | 21723041 |
| prdm9, a major determinant of meiotic recombination hotspots, is not functional in dogs and their wild relatives, wolves and coyotes. | meiotic recombination is a fundamental process needed for the correct segregation of chromosomes during meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms. in humans, 80% of crossovers are estimated to occur at specific areas of the genome called recombination hotspots. recently, a protein called prdm9 was identified as a major player in determining the location of genome-wide meiotic recombination hotspots in humans and mice. the origin of this protein seems to be ancient in evolutionary time, as reflec ... | 2011 | 22102853 |
| hepatozoon spp infections in the united states. | two hepatozoon spp are recognized as parasites of domestic dogs in the united states, h. canis and h. americanum. h. canis was first described in india in 1905 and has been documented in many areas of the world, although not definitively identified in north america until recently. h. americanum, causing american canine hepatozoonosis, was first documented in a coyote in 1978 and is now considered an emerging etiologic agent of disease in domestic dogs throughout the united states. the authors re ... | 2011 | 22041213 |
| forensic scatology: preliminary experimental study of the preparation and potential for identification of captive carnivore scat. | carnivore scats recovered from animal attack and/or scavenging contexts frequently contain forensic evidence such as human bone fragments. forensic cases with carnivore involvement are increasingly prevalent, necessitating a methodology for the recovery and analysis of scat evidence. this study proposes a method for the safe preparation of carnivore scat, recovery of bone inclusions, and quantification and comparison of scat variables. fourteen scats (lion, jaguar, lynx, wolf, and coyote) were p ... | 2011 | 21923796 |
| trypanosoma cruzi and chagas' disease in the united states. | chagas' disease is caused by the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi and causes potentially life-threatening disease of the heart and gastrointestinal tract. the southern half of the united states contains enzootic cycles of t. cruzi, involving 11 recognized triatomine vector species. the greatest vector diversity and density occur in the western united states, where woodrats are the most common reservoir; other rodents, raccoons, skunks, and coyotes are also infected with t. cruzi. in the east ... | 2011 | 21976603 |
| [parasitic infections of coyote, canis latrans (carnivora: canidae) in a costa rican national park and a surrounding agricultural area]. | as human populations expand into wild habitats with their pets and livestock, the potential spread of disease to wildlife or vice versa increases. because, wild and domestic canids may pose as reservoirs or disseminators of infectious diseases (including parasites), coyotes (canis latrans) may also serve as indicators of ecological health. in costa rica, little information exists on coyote parasites, making research necessary to identify potential zoonotic interactions. for this reason, a survey ... | 2012 | 23894947 |
| colorado animal-based plague surveillance systems: relationships between targeted animal species and prediction efficacy of areas at risk for humans. | human plague risks (yersinia pestis infection) are greatest when epizootics cause high mortality among this bacterium's natural rodent hosts. therefore, health departments in plague-endemic areas commonly establish animal-based surveillance programs to monitor y. pestis infection among plague hosts and vectors. the primary objectives of our study were to determine whether passive animal-based plague surveillance samples collected in colorado from 1991 to 2005 were sampled from high human plague ... | 2009 | 20836802 |
| brief communication: dna from early holocene american dog. | we present the oldest genetically identified dog in the americas, directly dated to 9,260 ± 170 cal. b.p. the dna was extracted from an occipital condyle imbedded in a human paleofecal sample from hinds cave in southwest texas. a 368 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial genome control region was sequenced. these data were analyzed with comparable data, which included other ancient dogs and extant dogs, wolves and coyotes from around the world. compiled with published data, our results charact ... | 2011 | 21541929 |
| the ontogeny of expression of communicative genes in coyote-beagle hybrids. | although there are minimal genetic differences between the coyote (canis latrans), the gray wolf (canis lupus), and the domestic dog (canis familiaris), these three species are extremely different in numerous aspects of their physiology, morphology, and behavior. in particular, the threat display of coyotes differs markedly from dogs and wolves. coyotes display a wide open mouth gape-threat with attendant arched back defensive posture, and hiss vocalization. in our experience, this threat displa ... | 2011 | 21573986 |
| microscopic effects of predator digestion on the surfaces of bones and teeth. | concentrations of small fossil mammals are frequently encountered in cenozoic deposits, but the causes for such accumulations have seldom been determined. in many cases the tooth, jaw, and limb fragments appear to be well-preserved under light microscopy, and it is difficult to differentiate damage due to predator digestion from breakage and abrasion due to physical agents. in order to find more specific evidence of predator digestion, we used a scanning electron microscope (sem) to examine the ... | 2011 | 3201198 |
| immobilization of coyotes with ketamine and propiomazine. | | 1995 | 42635 |
| deer, predators, and the emergence of lyme disease. | lyme disease is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in north america, and both the annual incidence and geographic range are increasing. the emergence of lyme disease has been attributed to a century-long recovery of deer, an important reproductive host for adult ticks. however, a growing body of evidence suggests that lyme disease risk may now be more dynamically linked to fluctuations in the abundance of small-mammal hosts that are thought to infect the majority of ticks. the continuing an ... | 2012 | 22711825 |
| coyote control and taste aversion: a predation problem or a people problem? | failures to suppress coyote predation on domestic livestock using the conditioned taste aversion paradigm may be due to such factors as poor livestock management procedures and overestimated coyote predation data, in addition to theoretical and methodological problems as indicated by forthman quick, gustavson and rusiniak. | 2010 | 3000296 |
| first pediatric case of tularemia after a coyote bite. | bite-transmitted tularemia is a rare event in humans and most of the cases have been associated with cat bites. we report the first pediatric case of tularemia caused by a coyote (canis latrans) bite. coyotes can be healthy carriers of francisella tularensis and transmit this infectious agent through a bite. pediatricians should be aware of this risk after a carnivore bite and implement appropriate antibiotic therapy, as amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium (augmentin) may have prolonged the typica ... | 2016 | 26885419 |
| factors influencing u.s. canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) prevalence. | this paper examines the individual factors that influence prevalence rates of canine heartworm in the contiguous united states. a data set provided by the companion animal parasite council, which contains county-by-county results of over nine million heartworm tests conducted during 2011 and 2012, is analyzed for predictive structure. the goal is to identify the factors that are important in predicting high canine heartworm prevalence rates. | 2014 | 24906567 |
| synanthropic mammals as potential hosts of tick-borne pathogens in panama. | synanthropic wild mammals can be important hosts for many vector-borne zoonotic pathogens. the aim of this study was determine the exposure of synanthropic mammals to two types of tick-borne pathogens in panama, spotted fever group rickettsia (sfgr) and borrelia relapsing fever (rf) spirochetes. one hundred and thirty-one wild mammals were evaluated, including two gray foxes, two crab-eating foxes (from zoos), four coyotes, 62 opossum and 63 spiny rats captured close to rural towns. to evaluate ... | 2017 | 28060928 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium in a 16-year-old drug-abusing motorcyclist surrounded by a pack of coyotes. | numerous causes of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium have been described in the literature. the authors report a unique case in which one or more causes may have contributed to the patient's condition. | 2009 | 2798277 |
| molecular forensics in avian conservation: a dna-based approach for identifying mammalian predators of ground-nesting birds and eggs. | the greater sage-grouse (centrocercus urophasianus) is a ground-nesting bird from the northern rocky mountains and a species at risk of extinction in in multiple u.s. states and canada. herein we report results from a proof of concept that mitochondrial and nuclear dnas from mammalian predator saliva could be non-invasively collected from depredated greater sage-grouse eggshells and carcasses and used for predator species identification. molecular forensic approaches have been applied to identif ... | 2016 | 26738484 |
| describing a developing hybrid zone between red wolves and coyotes in eastern north carolina, usa. | when hybridizing species come into contact, understanding the processes that regulate their interactions can help predict the future outcome of the system. this is especially relevant in conservation situations where human activities can influence hybridization dynamics. we investigated a developing hybrid zone between red wolves and coyotes in north carolina, usa to elucidate patterns of hybridization in a system heavily managed for preservation of the red wolf genome. using noninvasive genetic ... | 2016 | 27330555 |
| poor health is associated with use of anthropogenic resources in an urban carnivore. | rates of encounters between humans and wildlife are increasing in cities around the world, especially when wildlife overlap with people in time, space and resources. coyotes (canis latrans) can make use of anthropogenic resources and reported rates of conflict have increased in cities across north america. this increase may be linked to individual differences in the use of human food and developed areas. we compared the relationships between coyote age, sex or health and the use of anthropogenic ... | 0 | 25876843 |
| prevalence of alaria infection in companion animals in north central oklahoma from 2006 through 2015 and detection in wildlife. | objective to determine the prevalence of alaria infection in cats and dogs in north central oklahoma over various periods and investigate whether wild animal species in this region were also infected. design combined cross-sectional study and case series. sample results of parasitological testing of fecal samples from 5,417 client-owned dogs and 1,246 client-owned cats (2006 through 2014); fecal samples from 837 shelter or rescue dogs and 331 shelter or rescue cats (2013 and 2014) and 268 feral ... | 2017 | 28358635 |
| data on the parasitological status of golden jackal (canis aureus l., 1758) in hungary. | in hungary, twenty canis aureus individuals were submitted to parasitological examinations in 2010-2012. two coccidia: cystoisospora canis (15%) and toxoplasma-type oocysts (5%), one trematoda: alaria alata (10%), six cestoda: mesocestoides lineatus (20%), echinococcus granulosus (10%), dipylidium caninums (5%), taenia hydatigena (15%), taenia pisiformis (20%), taenia crassiceps (40%), and nine nematoda: angiostrongylus vasorum (10%), crenosoma vulpis (30%), capillaria aerophila (5%), toxocara c ... | 2014 | 24334089 |
| aleutian mink disease virus in furbearing mammals in nova scotia, canada. | aleutian mink disease virus (amdv) is widespread among ranched and free-ranging american mink in canada, but there is no information on its prevalence in other wild animal species. this paper describes the prevalence of amdv of 12 furbearing species in nova scotia (ns), canada. | 2013 | 23394546 |
| prevalence of antibodies to spotted fever group rickettsia spp. and ehrlichia spp. in coyotes (canis latrans) in oklahoma and texas, usa. | coyotes (canis latrans) are commonly infested with ticks, including amblyomma americanum, the predominant vector of ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii; dermacentor variabilis, an important vector of rickettsia rickettsii; and amblyomma maculatum, a major vector of rickettsia parkeri, a spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia. to determine the degree to which coyotes are infected with or exposed to tick-borne bacterial disease agents, serum samples collected from coyotes in oklahoma and tex ... | 2013 | 23778619 |
| gastrointestinal helminths of coyotes (canis latrans) from southeast nebraska and shenandoah area of iowa. | this survey was carried out on the carcasses of 29 coyotes from southeastern nebraska and shenandoah area of iowa to document the helminths present in the intestinal track of these carnivorous animals. | 2016 | 27733798 |
| sensitivity of double centrifugation sugar fecal flotation for detecting intestinal helminths in coyotes (canis latrans). | fecal analysis is commonly used to estimate prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminths in wild carnivores, but few studies have assessed the reliability of fecal flotation compared to analysis of intestinal tracts. we investigated sensitivity of the double centrifugation sugar fecal flotation and kappa agreement between fecal flotation and postmortem examination of intestines for helminths of coyotes (canis latrans). we analyzed 57 coyote carcasses that were collected between october 2010 ... | 2012 | 22740537 |
| a comment on "coyote control and taste aversion". | | 2010 | 3000297 |
| bartonella rochalimae and b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in wild carnivores from colorado, usa. | spleen samples from 292 wild carnivores from colorado, us were screened for bartonella infection. bartonella dna was detected in coyotes ( canis latrans ) (28%), striped skunks ( mephitis mephitis ) (23%), red foxes ( vulpes vulpes ) (27%), and raccoons ( procyon lotor ) (8%) but not in black bears ( ursus americanus ), gray foxes ( urocyon cinereoargenteus ), and mountain lions ( puma concolor ). two bartonella species, b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and b. rochalimae, were identified. all 10 in ... | 2016 | 27529290 |
| parasitology and serology of free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) in north carolina, usa. | coyotes (canis latrans) have expanded recently into the eastern us and can serve as a source of pathogens to domestic dogs (canis lupus familiaris), livestock, and humans. we examined free-ranging coyotes from central north carolina, us, for selected parasites and prevalence of antibodies against viral and bacterial agents. we detected ticks on most (81%) coyotes, with amblyomma americanum detected on 83% of those with ticks. fifteen (47%) coyotes were positive for heartworms (dirofilaria immiti ... | 2015 | 25984773 |
| canine distemper virus in wild felids of costa rica. | several highly infectious diseases can be transmitted through feces and cause elevated mortality among carnivore species. one such infectious agent, canine distemper virus (cdv; paramyxoviridae: morbillivirus), has been reported to affect wild carnivores, among them several felid species. we screened free-ranging and captive wild carnivores in costa rica for cdv. between 2006 and 2012, we collected 306 fecal samples from 70 jaguars (panther onca), 71 ocelots ( leopardus pardalis ), five jaguarun ... | 2016 | 26967127 |
| serologic survey for cross-species pathogens in urban coyotes (canis latrans), colorado, usa. | abstract as coyotes (canis latrans) adapt to living in urban environments, the opportunity for cross-species transmission of pathogens may increase. we investigated the prevalence of antibodies to pathogens that are either zoonotic or affect multiple animal species in urban coyotes in the denver metropolitan area, colorado, usa, in 2012. we assayed for antibodies to canine parvovirus-2, canine distemper virus, rabies virus, toxoplasma gondii, yersinia pestis, and serotypes of leptospira interrog ... | 2014 | 25121408 |
| parasitology, virology, and serology of free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) from central georgia, usa. | we examined 31 free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) from central georgia, usa, for select parasites and viral agents. sixteen coyotes had adult heartworms (dirofilaria immitis). serum samples from 27 animals revealed antibodies against canine parvovirus (100%), canine distemper virus (48%), canine adenovirus (37%), and trypanosoma cruzi (7%); none were detected against leishmania spp. twenty-two of 24 (92%) coyotes were positive for toxoplasma gondii. real-time pcr of feces revealed 32% of coyot ... | 2014 | 25098300 |
| a duplex real-time pcr assay based on taqman technology for simultaneous detection and differentiation of canine adenovirus types 1 and 2. | canine adenoviruses are a major cause of disease in dogs, coyotes, red foxes and wolves, as well as in other carnivores and marine mammals. canine adenovirus type 1 (cadv-1) and canine adenovirus type 2 (cadv-2) cause infectious canine hepatitis (ich) and infectious tracheobronchitis (itb), respectively. in this study, a duplex real-time pcr assay for simultaneous detection and characterisation of cadv-1 and cadv-2 was developed by using a single primer pair and virus-specific probes. the assay ... | 2016 | 27040113 |
| frequent cross-species transmission of parvoviruses among diverse carnivore hosts. | although parvoviruses are commonly described in domestic carnivores, little is known about their biodiversity in nondomestic species. a phylogenetic analysis of vp2 gene sequences from puma, coyote, gray wolf, bobcat, raccoon, and striped skunk revealed two major groups related to either feline panleukopenia virus ("fpv-like") or canine parvovirus ("cpv-like"). cross-species transmission was commonplace, with multiple introductions into each host species but, with the exception of raccoons, rela ... | 2013 | 23221559 |
| evolutionary reconstructions of the transferrin receptor of caniforms supports canine parvovirus being a re-emerged and not a novel pathogen in dogs. | parvoviruses exploit transferrin receptor type-1 (tfr) for cellular entry in carnivores, and specific interactions are key to control of host range. we show that several key mutations acquired by tfr during the evolution of caniforms (dogs and related species) modified the interactions with parvovirus capsids by reducing the level of binding. these data, along with signatures of positive selection in the tfrc gene, are consistent with an evolutionary arms race between the tfr of the caniform cla ... | 2012 | 22570610 |