| identification and characterisation of a functional aquaporin water channel (anomala cuprea drip) in a coleopteran insect. | water transport across the plasma membrane depends on the presence of the water channel aquaporin (aqp), which mediates the bulk movement of water through osmotic and pressure gradients. in terrestrial insects, which are solid and/or plant feeders, the entrance and exit of water is primarily executed along the alimentary tract, where the hindgut, particularly the rectum, is the major site of water conservation. a cdna encoding the homologue of the water-specific drosophila aqp [drosophila integr ... | 2013 | 23531819 |
| morpho-functional characterization and esterase patterns of the midgut of tribolium castaneum herbst, 1797 (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) parasitized by gregarina cuneata (apicomplexa: eugregarinidae). | tribolium castaneum (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) is a common pest of stored grains and byproducts and is normally infected by gregarina cuneata (apicomplexa: eugregarinidae). the life cycle of this parasite includes the sporozoite, trophozoite, gamont, gametocyte, and oocyst stages, which occur between the epithelium and lumen of the host's midgut. this study aims to describe the morphofunctional alterations in the midgut and determine the esterase patterns in t. castaneum when parasitized by gre ... | 2015 | 26072335 |
| transcription profiling of immune genes during parasite infection in susceptible and resistant strains of the flour beetles (tribolium castaneum). | the flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, is an intermediate host for the tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta and has become an important genetic model to explore immune responses to parasite infection in insect hosts. the present study examined the immune responses to tapeworm infection in resistant (tiw1) and susceptible (csm) strains of the red flour beetle, t. castaneum, using real-time quantitative reverse transcription pcr on 29 immunity-related genes that exhibit antimicrobial properties. thirteen ... | 2013 | 23380036 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of autophagy-related gene tmatg8 in listeria-invaded hemocytes of tenebrio molitor. | macroautophagy (hereinafter called autophagy) is a highly regulated process used by eukaryotic cells to digest portions of the cytoplasm that remodels and recycles nutrients and disposes of unwanted cytoplasmic constituents. currently 36 autophagy-related genes (atg) and their homologs have been characterized in yeast and higher eukaryotes, including insects. in the present study, we identified and functionally characterized the immune function of an atg8 homolog in a coleopteran insect, tenebri ... | 2015 | 25727880 |
| identification of carboxylesterase genes and their expression profiles in the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata treated with fipronil and cyhalothrin. | based on the leptinotarsa decemlineata transcriptome dataset and the genbank sequences, 70 novel carboxylesterases and 2 acetylcholinesterases were found. the 72 members belong to a multifunctional carboxylesterase/cholinesterase superfamily (cce). a phylogenetic tree including the 72 ldcces and the cces from tribolium castaneum, drosophila melanogaster and apis mellifera revealed that all cces fell into three main phylogenetic groups: dietary/detoxification, hormone/semiochemical processing, an ... | 2015 | 26071812 |
| sodium solute symporter and cadherin proteins act as bacillus thuringiensis cry3ba toxin functional receptors in tribolium castaneum. | understanding how bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins interact with proteins in the midgut of susceptible coleopteran insects is crucial to fully explain the molecular bases of bt specificity and insecticidal action. in this work, aminopeptidase n (tcapn-i), e-cadherin (tccad1), and sodium solute symporter (tcsss) have been identified by ligand blot as putative cry3ba toxin-binding proteins in tribolium castaneum (tc) larvae. rna interference knockdown of tccad1 or tcsss proteins resulted in decr ... | 2013 | 23645668 |
| tribolium castaneum apolipophorin-iii acts as an immune response protein against bacillus thuringiensis cry3ba toxic activity. | in this study, a 2.1-fold apolipophorin-iii mrna up-regulation was found in tribolium castaneum larvae challenged with bacillus thuringiensis cry3ba spore-crystal mixture. knockdown of apolipophorin-iii by rnai resulted in increased t. castaneum larvae susceptibility following cry3ba spore-crystal treatment, demonstrating apolipophorin-iii involvement in insect defense against b. thuringiensis. we showed that apolipophorin-iii participates in t. castaneum immune response to b. thuringiensis acti ... | 2013 | 23602900 |
| chitin synthase 1 gene is crucial to antifungal host defense of the model beetle, tribolium castaneum. | the importance of the insect cuticle as a primary protective barrier against entomopathogens has long been noted. in the present study, we addressed this issue by utilizing an experimental infection system composed of the model beetle t. castaneum and two entomopathogenic fungal species, beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae. the pupae were relatively susceptible to these fungi by the natural route of infection, with some refractoriness developed with age, while the adults exhibited much ... | 2017 | 27867018 |
| evolving enhancer-promoter interactions within the tinman complex of the flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | modifications of cis-regulatory dnas, particularly enhancers, underlie changes in gene expression during animal evolution. here, we present evidence for a distinct mechanism of regulatory evolution, whereby a novel pattern of gene expression arises from altered gene targeting of a conserved enhancer. the tinman gene complex (tin-c) controls the patterning of dorsal mesodermal tissues, including the dorsal vessel or heart in drosophila. despite broad conservation of tin-c gene expression patterns ... | 2009 | 19700619 |
| antimicrobial, insecticidal and phytotoxic activities of cotinus coggyria scop. essential oil (anacardiaceae). | the essential oil of cotinus coggyria scop.' leaves was found to be rich in α-pinene (43.1%), limonene (21.3%) and β-myrcene (8.5%). in the antimicrobial screening, essential oil was notably active on staphylococcus aureus atcc 29213, s. aureus atcc baa-977, candida albicans atcc 14053 and c. parapsilosis atcc 22019 using the disc diffusion and volatilisation assays. the fumigant assay of the essential oil caused 70% and 100% mortality on the two pest adults of acanthoscelides obtectus and tribo ... | 2014 | 24980636 |
| translocation of bacteria from the gut to the eggs triggers maternal transgenerational immune priming in tribolium castaneum. | invertebrates can be primed to enhance their protection against pathogens they have encountered before. this enhanced immunity can be passed maternally or paternally to the offspring and is known as transgenerational immune priming. we challenged larvae of the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum by feeding them on diets supplemented with escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus or pseudomonas entomophila, thus mimicking natural exposure to pathogens. the oral uptake of bacteria induced immunity-rel ... | 2015 | 26701756 |
| identification and expression analysis of a novel r-type lectin from the coleopteran beetle, tenebrio molitor. | we have identified novel ricin-type (r-type) lectin by sequencing of random clones from cdna library of the coleopteran beetle, tenebrio molitor. the cdna sequence is comprised of 495 bp encoding a protein of 164 amino acid residues and shows 49% identity with galectin of tribolium castaneum. bioinformatics analysis shows that the amino acid residues from 35 to 162 belong to ricin-type beta-trefoil structure. the transcript was significantly upregulated after early hours of injection with peptid ... | 2013 | 23962621 |
| genomic organization, sequence characterization and expression analysis of tenebrio molitor apolipophorin-iii in response to an intracellular pathogen, listeria monocytogenes. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) is a well-known hemolymph protein having a functional role in lipid transport and immune response of insects. we cloned full-length cdna encoding putative apolp-iii from larvae of the coleopteran beetle, tenebrio molitor (tmapolp-iii), by identification of clones corresponding to the partial sequence of tmapolp-iii, subsequently followed with full length sequencing by a clone-by-clone primer walking method. the complete cdna consists of 890 nucleotides, including an ... | 2014 | 24200961 |
| conserved molecular switch interactions in modeled cardioactive rf-nh2 peptide receptors: ligand binding and activation. | peptides may act through g protein-coupled receptors to influence cardiovascular performance; thus, delineating mechanisms involved in signaling is a molecular-based strategy to influence health. molecular switches, often represented by conserved motifs, maintain a receptor in an inactive state. however, once the switch is broken, the transmembrane regions move and activation occurs. the molecular switches of drosophila melanogaster myosuppressin (ms) receptors were previously identified to incl ... | 2015 | 26211890 |
| insecticidal activity of ageratum conyzoides l., coleus aromaticus benth. and hyptis suaveolens (l.) poit essential oils as fumigant against storage grain insect tribolium castaneum herbst. | essential oils (eos) from ageratum conyzoides l., coleus aromaticus benth. and hyptis suaveolens (l.) poit were extracted and tested against tribolium castaneum herbst, the storage grain insect. the eos were found effective against tribolium castaneum during in vitro as well as in vivo fumigant testing. the eos of h. suaveolens and a. conyzoides showed 100 % mortality of test insect at 250 ppm while c. aromaticus at 350 ppm. during in vivo fumigant testing of wheat samples against tribolium cast ... | 2014 | 25190885 |
| repellency and toxicity of oil from artemisia annua to certain stored-product beetles. | the essential oil of artemisia annua l. was tested for its toxic repellent and development inhibitory activities against 2 economically important stored product insects: tribolium castaneum (herbst) and callosobruchus maculatus (l.). adult beetles of t. castaneum were repelled significantly by oil of a. annua at 1% concentration (vol:vol) and above in filter paper arena test. dose-response relationship of a. annua oil revealed a significant negative correlation between larval survival; pupal sur ... | 2000 | 14658510 |
| molecular evolution and expression of the cral_trio protein family in insects. | cral_trio domain proteins are known to bind small lipophilic molecules such as retinal, inositol and vitamin e and include such gene family members as pinta, α-tocopherol transfer (att) proteins, retinoid binding proteins, and clavesins. in insects, very little is known about either the molecular evolution of this family of proteins or their ligand specificity. here we characterize insect cral_trio domain proteins and present the first insect cral_trio protein phylogeny constructed by performing ... | 2015 | 25684408 |
| the effects of temperature and diet during development, adulthood, and mating on reproduction in the red flour beetle. | the effects of different temperatures and diets experienced during distinct life stages are not necessarily similar. the silver-spoon hypothesis predicts that developing under favorable conditions will always lead to better performing adults under all adult conditions. the environment-matching hypothesis suggests that a match between developmental and adult conditions will lead to the best performing adults. similar to the latter hypothesis, the beneficial-acclimation hypothesis suggests that ei ... | 2015 | 26348929 |
| annotation and evolution of the antioxidant genes in the silkworm, bombyx mori. | antioxidant system, which is composed of multiple gene families, plays a major role in reducing oxidative damage and xenobiotic detoxification in all living organisms. we identified 50 silkworm antioxidant genes from nine gene families based on the assembled genome sequence. a comparative analysis of the antioxidant genes of the silkworm with other order insects anopheles gambiae, apis mellifera, drosophila melanogaster, and tribolium castaneum, was performed. we found that most of the antioxida ... | 2012 | 22392770 |
| biological activity of volatile di-n-propyl disulfide from seeds of neem, azadirachta indica (meliaceae), to two species of stored grain pests, sitophilus oryzae (l.) and tribolium castaneum (herbst). | head space volatiles, including 73% di-n-propyl disulfide, were collected from freshly crushed neem seeds. this compound along with previously reported diallyl disulfide (di-2-propenyl disulfide) were toxic when applied topically or as a fumigant to tribolium castaneum adults and 8-, 12-, and 16-d-old larvae, and sitophilus oryzae adults. di-n-propyl disulfide significantly decreased the growth rate and dietary utilization with moderate inhibition of food consumption in both insects. the total c ... | 2004 | 15279303 |
| unexpected functional diversity in the fatty acid desaturases of the flour beetle tribolium castaneum and identification of key residues determining activity. | desaturases catalyse modifications to fatty acids which are essential to homeostasis and for pheromone and defensive chemical production. all desaturases of the flour beetle tribolium castaneum were investigated via query of the sequenced genome which yielded 15 putative acyl-coenzyme a genes. eleven desaturase mrna were obtained in full length and functionally expressed in yeast. phylogenetic analysis separated the desaturases into 4 distinct clades; one clade contained conserved beetle δ9 desa ... | 2014 | 24880119 |
| insect detoxifying enzymes: their importance in pesticide synergism and resistance. | pyrethroid esterases of trichoplusia ni, spodoptera littoralis and bemisia tabaci hydrolyze the trans-isomers of various pyrethroids more extensively than the cis-isomers. profenofos fed to t. ni larvae at a level inhibiting the gut pyrethroid esterases by 65% with trans-permethrin and of 95% with cis-cypermethrin increased the toxicity of topically applied trans-permethrin by fourfold and cis-cypermethrin by 20-fold. similar assays with s. littoralis resulted in an increase of about threefold i ... | 1993 | 8431600 |
| expression of an endoglucanase from tribolium castaneum (tceg1) in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | insects are a largely unexploited resource in prospecting for novel cellulolytic enzymes to improve the production of ethanol fuel from lignocellulosic biomass. the cost of lignocellulosic ethanol production is expected to decrease by the combination of cellulose degradation (saccharification) and fermentation of the resulting glucose to ethanol in a single process, catalyzed by the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed to express efficient cellulases. while s. cerevisiae is an established ... | 2014 | 24318365 |
| constructing and random sequencing analysis of normalized cdna library of testis tissue from oriental river prawn (macrobrachium nipponense). | the oriental river prawn, macrobrachium nipponense, is an important aquaculture species in china. sexual precocity is a serious problem because of genetic retrogression, which has negative effects on product quality and dramatically affects price. culture of all-male populations of this species would be economically advantageous, as the males grow faster and reach a much larger size than females. developing such a culture scheme will require discovery of sex- or reproduction-related genes that a ... | 2012 | 22632994 |
| a temperature shock can lead to trans-generational immune priming in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | trans-generational immune priming (tgip) describes the transfer of immune stimulation to the next generation. as stress and immunity are closely connected, we here address the question whether trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance can also be elicited by a nonpathogen stress treatment of parents. general stressors have been shown to induce immunity to pathogens within individuals. however, to our knowledge, it is as of yet unknown whether stress can also induce trans-generational ... | 2015 | 25859336 |
| genotype-environment interaction effects on reproductive performance in tribolium castaneum. | three lines of tribolium castaneum were raised totally on a yeast-free or yeast-supplemented diet, or raised to pupation on a yeast-free diet and then on a yeast-supplemented diet, and vice versa, to study the effects of genotype x environment interaction and diet changes after pupation on reproduction.feeding the yeast-supplemented diet generally resulted in earlier sexual maturation, heavier adult weights and higher egg production. the diets had no effects on larval viability. changes in diet ... | 1981 | 24276391 |
| increased survival in the red flour beetle after oral priming with bacteria-conditioned media. | immune priming is defined as enhanced protection upon secondary exposure to a pathogen. such enhanced resistance after prior exposure has been demonstrated for a number of insect species including the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. in testing this phenomenon, the majority of studies have focused on introducing the pathogen into the insect's hemocoel via septic wounding through the cuticle. although such septic injury can occur in nature, many pathogens enter their hosts via the oral rout ... | 2014 | 24216503 |
| transfers of mitochondrial dna to the nuclear genome in the wasp nasonia vitripennis. | many organisms carry nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin (numts). we have identified 76 numts in 25 genomic locations in the jewel wasp nasonia vitripennis. the total amount of numts in nasonia is 42 972 bp exceeding over four-fold that found in tribolium castaneum and almost fifty-fold that found in drosophila melanogaster, whereas apis mellifera has an even larger number of numts in its genome (over 230 kb). the nasonia numts were inserted by multiple independent events and frequently in ... | 2010 | 20167015 |
| the cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel gene superfamily of the parasitoid wasp, nasonia vitripennis. | members of the cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel (cyslgic) superfamily mediate chemical neurotransmission and are studied extensively as potential targets of drugs used to treat neurological disorders, such as alzheimer's disease. insect cys-loop lgics also have central roles in the nervous system and are targets of highly successful insecticides. here, we describe the cyslgic superfamily of the parasitoid wasp, nasonia vitripennis, which is emerging as a highly useful model organism and is depl ... | 2010 | 20087392 |
| enterobacillus tribolii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family enterobacteriaceae, isolated from the gut of a red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | two novel gram-stain negative facultative anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains ig-v01(t) and ig-v01b were isolated from the gut of red flour beetles, tribolium castaneum. the 16s rrna gene sequences of strains ig-v01(t) and ig-v01b were found to have their highest sequence similarity (96.5% and 96.4%) with serratia nematodiphila dz0503sbs1(t) (enterobacteriaceae family) respectively. strains ig-v01(t) and ig-v01b share 100% 16s rrna gene sequence similarity and exhibit very similar ph ... | 2015 | 25716888 |
| a major facilitator superfamily protein encoded by tcmuck gene is not required for cuticle pigmentation, growth and development in tribolium castaneum. | insect cuticle pigmentation and sclerotization (tanning) are vital physiological processes for insect growth, development and survival. we have previously identified several colorless precursor molecules as well as enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and processing to yield the mature intensely colored body cuticle pigments. a recent study indicated that the bombyx mori (silkmoth) gene, bmmuck, which encodes a protein orthologous to a culex pipiens quiquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) ci ... | 2014 | 24681434 |
| characterization of horizontally transferred β-fructofuranosidase (scrb) genes in agrilus planipennis. | the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis) is an important invasive insect pest of fraxinus spp. that feeds on host tissues containing high levels of sucrose. however, little is known about how it digests sucrose. here, using larval midgut transcriptome data and preliminary genome sequence efforts, two β-fructofuranosidase-encoding scrb genes, aplascrb-1 and aplascrb-2, were identified, and proved to reside within the a. planipennis genome. homology and phylogenetic analysis revealed that they ... | 2014 | 25224649 |
| structural characterization of nanoparticles loaded with garlic essential oil and their insecticidal activity against tribolium castaneum (herbst) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | the aim of this work was to characterize polyethylene glycol (peg) coated nanoparticles loaded with garlic essential oil and to evaluate their insecticidal activity against adult tribolium castaneum . preparation of nanoparticles was carried out using the melt-dispersion method, a very simple, convenient, and low-cost technique. the oil-loading efficiency could reach 80% at the optimal ratio of essential oil to peg (10%). the morphology results and nanoparticle size showed that the nanoparticles ... | 2009 | 19835357 |
| comparison of two acetylcholinesterase gene cdnas of the lesser mealworm, alphitobius diaperinus, in insecticide susceptible and resistant strains. | two cdnas encoding different acetylcholinesterase (ache) genes (adace1 and adace2) were sequenced and analyzed from the lesser mealworm, alphitobius diaperinus. both adace1 and adace2 were highly similar (95 and 93% amino acid identity, respectively) with the ace genes of tribolium castaneum. both adace1 and adace2 have the conserved residues characteristic of ache (catalytic triad, intra-disulfide bonds, and so on). partial cdna sequences of the alphitobius ace genes were compared between two t ... | 2008 | 18163527 |
| a novel alpha-amylase inhibitor from amaranth (amaranthus hypocondriacus) seeds. | the major alpha-amylase inhibitor (aai) present in the seeds of amaranthus hypocondriacus, a variety of the mexican crop plant amaranth, is a 32-residue-long polypeptide with three disulfide bridges. purified aai strongly inhibits the alpha-amylase activity of insect larvae (tribolium castaneum and prostephanus truncatus) and does not inhibit proteases and mammalian alpha-amylases. aai was sequenced with the automated edman method, and the disulfide bridges were localized using enzymatic and che ... | 1994 | 8089137 |
| gene structure, cdna characterization and rnai-based functional analysis of a myeloid differentiation factor 88 homolog in tenebrio molitor larvae exposed to staphylococcus aureus infection. | myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88), an intracellular adaptor protein involved in toll/toll-like receptor (tlr) signal processing, triggers activation of nuclear factor-kappab (nf-κb) transcription factors. in the present study, we analyzed the gene structure and biological function of myd88 in a coleopteran insect, tenebrio molitor (tmmyd88). the tmmyd88 gene was 1380 bp in length and consisted of five exons and four introns. the 5'-flanking sequence revealed several putative transcriptio ... | 2014 | 24755285 |
| identification and expression analysis of dicer2 in black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) responses to immune challenges. | dicer is a key initiative protein of the rna interference (rnai) pathway that produces small interfering rnas (sirnas) or micro rnas (mirna), which then leads to rna-directed gene regulation or viral immunity. in the present study, we identified and characterized a dicer2 cdna from black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (designated as pmdcr2). the full length cdna of pmdcr2 contains a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 109 bp, an open reading frame (orf) of 4509 bp and a 3' utr of 842 bp. the molecular ... | 2013 | 23583958 |
| neuropeptides of the beetle, tenebrio molitor identified using maldi-tof mass spectrometry and deduced sequences from the tribolium castaneum genome. | four neuropeptides were identified from the brain and corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (cc-ca) of the mealworm beetle tenebrio molitor using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and information derived from the genome of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. leucomyosuppressin (a flrfamide), previously associated with cockroaches, but also subsequently identified from honey bee seen as a prominent peptide in both brain and cc-ca of t.mol ... | 2008 | 18201799 |
| positional cloning of a bombyx pink-eyed white egg locus reveals the major role of cardinal in ommochrome synthesis. | ommochromes are major insect pigments involved in coloration of compound eyes, eggs, epidermis and wings. in the silkworm bombyx mori, adult compound eyes and eggs contain a mixture of the ommochrome pigments such as ommin and xanthommatin. here, we identified the gene involved in ommochrome biosynthesis by positional cloning of b. mori egg and eye color mutant pink-eyed white egg (pe). the recessive homozygote of pe has bright red eyes and white or pale pink eggs instead of a normal dark colora ... | 2016 | 26328757 |
| appendage-patterning genes regulate male and female copulatory structures in horned beetles. | explaining the extraordinarily rapid diversification of insect copulatory structures has been a longstanding objective in evolutionary biology. however, remarkably little is known about the developmental genetic underpinnings of their formation. furthermore, recent work has questioned whether male genitalic structures in beetles are serially homologous to appendages, or even homologous to the genitalia of other orders. using rna interference, we demonstrate that several cardinal appendage-patter ... | 2015 | 26174101 |
| toxicity, feeding deterrence, and effect of activity of 1,8-cineole from artemisia annua on progeny production of tribolium castanaeum (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | 1,8-cineole isolated from artemisia annua was tested against tribolium castaneum (herbst) for contact toxicity, fumigant toxicity, and antifeedant activity. the adults of t. castaneum were more susceptible than larvae to both contact and fumigant toxicity of 1,8-cineole, and ld50 and lc50 values of 108.4 microg/mg body weight of adult insect and 1.52 mg/liter air were found, respectively. furthermore, 14-d-old t. castaneum larvae were more tolerant than 16- and 18-d-old larvae and adults to the ... | 2001 | 11561861 |
| comparative evaluation of antioxidant and insecticidal properties of essential oils from five moroccan aromatic herbs. | this study describes the antioxidant and insecticidal activities of essential oils (eos) of mentha suaveolens subsp. timija, thymus satureioides, achillea ageratum, cotula cinerea and salvia officinalis widely used in morocco as flavorings, food additives and preservatives. sixty seven components were identified accounting for more than 95.0 % of the total oils. m. suaveolens subsp. timija oil had as main components menthone and pulegone. a. ageratum oil was particularly rich in artemisyl acetat ... | 2015 | 25829614 |
| insecticidal and repellant activities of polyacetylenes and lactones derived from atractylodes lancea rhizomes. | during a screening program for new agrochemicals from chinese medicinal herbs and local wild plants, the petroleum ether (pe) extract of atractylodes lancea (thunb.) rhizomes was found to possess repellent and contact activities against tribolium castaneum adults. bioactivity-directed chromatographic separation of pe extract on repeated silica-gel columns led to the isolation of two polyacetylenes, atractylodin and atractylodinol (1 and 2, resp.), and two lactones, atractylenolides ii and iii (3 ... | 2015 | 25879503 |
| sirna machinery in whitefly (bemisia tabaci). | rna interference has been emerged as an utmost tool for the control of sap sucking insect pests. systemic response is necessary to control them in field condition. whitefly is observed to be more prone to sirna in recent studies, however the sirna machinery and mechanism is not well established. | 2013 | 24391810 |
| the occurrence of the holometabolous pupal stage requires the interaction between e93, krüppel-homolog 1 and broad-complex. | complete metamorphosis (holometaboly) is a key innovation that underlies the spectacular success of holometabolous insects. phylogenetic analyses indicate that holometabola form a monophyletic group that evolved from ancestors exhibiting hemimetabolous development (hemimetaboly). however, the nature of the changes underlying this crucial transition, including the occurrence of the holometabolan-specific pupal stage, is poorly understood. using the holometabolous beetle tribolium castaneum as a m ... | 2016 | 27135810 |
| the mekre93 (methoprene tolerant-krüppel homolog 1-e93) pathway in the regulation of insect metamorphosis, and the homology of the pupal stage. | recent studies on transcription factor e93 revealed that it triggers adult morphogenesis in blattella germanica, tribolium castaneum and drosophila melanogaster. moreover, we show here that krüppel homolog 1 (kr-h1), a transducer of the antimetamorphic action of juvenile hormone (jh), represses e93 expression. kr-h1 is upstream of e93, and upstream of kr-h1 is methoprene-tolerant (met), the latter being the jh receptor in hemimetabolan and holometabolan species. as such, the met - kr-h1 - e93 pa ... | 2014 | 25008785 |
| bioactivities of the leaf essential oil of curcuma longa (var. ch-66) on three species of stored-product beetles (coleoptera). | essential oil extracted from the leaves of turmeric, curcuma longa l., was investigated for contact and fumigant toxicity and its effect on progeny production in three stored-product beetles, rhyzopertha dominica f. (lesser grain borer), sitophilus oryzae l. (rice weevil), and tribolium castaneum herbst (red flour beetle). oviposition-deterrent and ovicidal actions of c. longa leaf oil were also evaluated against t. castaneum. the oil was insecticidal in both contact and fumigant toxicity assays ... | 2002 | 11942755 |
| contact toxicity, feeding reduction, and repellency of essential oils from three plants from the ginger family (zingiberaceae) and their major components against sitophilus zeamais and tribolium castaneum. | the essential oils from rhizomes of alpinia conchigera griff, zingiber zerumbet smitt, curcuma zedoaria (berg.) roscoe; their major compounds (camphene, camphor, 1,8-cineole, alpha-humulene, isoborneol, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and terpinen-4-ol); and synthetic essential oils comprised of mixtures of major pure compounds in the same ratios as the extracted essential oils were tested for contact, feeding reduction, and repellency against sitophilus zeamais motschulsky and tribolium castaneum (he ... | 2011 | 21882715 |
| transcription factor e93 specifies adult metamorphosis in hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects. | all immature animals undergo remarkable morphological and physiological changes to become mature adults. in winged insects, metamorphic changes either are limited to a few tissues (hemimetaboly) or involve a complete reorganization of most tissues and organs (holometaboly). despite the differences, the genetic switch between immature and adult forms in both types of insects relies on the disappearance of the antimetamorphic juvenile hormone (jh) and the transcription factors krüppel-homolog 1 (k ... | 2014 | 24778249 |
| tissue-specific expression and silencing phenotypes of mitochondrial phosphate carrier paralogues in several insect species. | the mitochondrial phosphate carrier gene (pic) encodes a membrane protein that mediates the supply of inorganic phosphate from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix. this substrate-specific transport system plays an important role in efficient atp synthesis. mammals appear to have only one pic with two alternative splicing variants whose functional differences remain unclear. the present study is the first to characterize the multiple genes that encode pic in insects. bombyx mori was found t ... | 2017 | 28224717 |
| molecular characterizations of natalisin and its roles in modulating mating in the oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis (hendel). | initially, natalisin (ntl) was identified from three holometabolous insect species, drosophila melanogaster, tribolium castaneum and bombyx mori, and was documented to regulate reproductive behaviours in d. melanogaster and t. castaneum. in this study, we report the sequences of the ntl precursor and its receptor (ntlr) from an important agricultural pest, bactrocera dorsalis (hendel). ntlr is a typical g-protein coupled receptor and phylogenetic analysis showed that b. dorsalis ntlr was closely ... | 2017 | 27862548 |
| bmrobo2/3 is required for axon guidance in the silkworm bombyx mori. | axon guidance is critical for proper wiring of the nervous system. during the neural development, the axon guidance molecules play a key role and direct axons to choose the correct way to reach the target. robo, as the receptor of axon guidance molecule slit, is evolutionarily conserved from planarians to humans. however, the function of robo in the silkworm, bombyx mori, remained unknown. in this study, we cloned robo2/3 from b. mori (bmrobo2/3), a homologue of robo2/3 in tribolium castaneum. m ... | 2016 | 26625973 |
| effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the synthesis of fibroin in silkworm (bombyx mori). | silkworm (bombyx mori) is an economically important insect, and its silk production capacity largely depends on its ability to synthesize fibroin. while breeding of b. mori varieties has been a key strategy to improve silk production, little improvement of b. mori silk production has been achieved to date. as a result, the development of sericulture economy has not progressed well, pointing to the need of new ways for improvement of b. mori silk production. titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio2 n ... | 2015 | 25876086 |
| insecticidal properties of several monoterpenoids to the house fly (diptera: muscidae), red flour beetle (coleoptera: tenebrionidae), and southern corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | house flies, musca domestica (l.), and their eggs were treated with 22 monoterpenoids to determine the topical, fumigant, and ovicidal activity of each compound. fumigant activity of 14 monoterpenoids were examined further using red flour beetles, tribolium castaneum (herbst). third-instar southern corn rootworm, diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi barber, were treated with carvacrol, citral, citronellal, menthol, pulegone, verbenol, and verbenone to determine their activity on larvae. structure- ... | 1994 | 7962947 |
| genome wide screening of rnai factors of sf21 cells reveal several novel pathway associated proteins. | rna interference (rnai) leads to sequence specific knock-down of gene expression and has emerged as an important tool to analyse gene functions, pathway analysis and gene therapy. although rnai is a conserved cellular process involving common elements and factors, species-specific differences have been observed among different eukaryotes. identification of components for rnai pathway is pursued intensively and successful genome-wide screens have been performed for components of rnai pathways in ... | 2014 | 25199785 |
| electroporation-mediated somatic transgenesis for rapid functional analysis in insects. | transgenesis is a powerful technique for determining gene function; however, it is time-consuming. it is virtually impossible to carry out in non-model insects in which egg manipulation and screening are difficult. we have established a rapid genetic functional analysis system for non-model insects using a low-cost electroporator (costing under us$200) designed for somatic transformation with the piggybac transposon. using this system, we successfully generated somatic transgenic cell clones in ... | 2013 | 23250219 |
| vasopressin-like peptide and its receptor function in an indirect diuretic signaling pathway in the red flour beetle. | the insect arginine vasopressin-like (avpl) peptide is of special interest because of its potential function in the regulation of diuresis. genome sequences of the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum yielded the genes encoding avpl and avpl receptor, whereas the homologous sequences are absent in the genomes of the fruitfly, malaria mosquito, silkworm, and honeybee, although a recent genome sequence of the jewel wasp revealed an avpl sequence. the tribolium receptor for the avpl, the first such ... | 2008 | 18549960 |
| a major facilitator superfamily protein participates in the reddish brown pigmentation in bombyx mori. | muck is a member of the major facilitator super family (mfs) and is within a subgroup involved in the uptake of organic acids. here, we provide the first evidence that muck is required for normal body color pattern in insect larvae. in the cts mutant strain of bombyx mori (linnaeus), the larval anal plates, prothoracic tergum, and the head are reddish brown, as opposed to the white color found in the wild type. positional cloning of the cts gene was carried out and it was mapped within 90kb on t ... | 2012 | 22885739 |
| identification of the bombyx red egg gene reveals involvement of a novel transporter family gene in late steps of the insect ommochrome biosynthesis pathway. | ommochromes are one of the major pigments involved in coloration of eggs, eyes, and body surface of insects. however, the molecular mechanisms of the final steps of ommochrome pigment synthesis have been largely unknown. the eggs of the silkworm bombyx mori contain a mixture of ommochrome pigments, and exhibit a brownish lilac color. the recessive homozygous of egg and eye color mutant, red egg (re), whose eggs display a pale orange color instead of normal dark coloration, has been long suggeste ... | 2012 | 22474291 |
| sex chromosomes evolved from independent ancestral linkage groups in winged insects. | the evolution of a pair of chromosomes that differ in appearance between males and females (heteromorphic sex chromosomes) has occurred repeatedly across plants and animals. recent work has shown that the male heterogametic (xy) and female heterogametic (zw) sex chromosomes evolved independently from different pairs of homomorphic autosomes in the common ancestor of birds and mammals but also that x and z chromosomes share many convergent molecular features. however, little is known about how of ... | 2012 | 22319158 |
| coevolution of telomeric repeats and telomeric repeat-specific non-ltr retrotransposons in insects. | in the telomeres of the silkworm bombyx mori, telomeric repeat-specific non-long terminal repeat (ltr) retrotransposon sartbm1 is accumulated in the ttagg telomeric repeats. here, we identify novel telomeric repeat-specific non-ltr retrotransposons, sarttc family, from the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum in the unconventional tcagg telomeric repeats. to compare the sequence specificity of sartbm1 and sarttc1, we developed a comparable ex vivo retrotransposition assay. both sartbm1 and sartt ... | 2011 | 21642634 |
| tgfbeta signaling in tribolium: vertebrate-like components in a beetle. | the cytokines of the tgfbeta superfamily are highly conserved in evolution and elicit a diverse range of cellular responses in all metazoa. in drosophila, the signaling pathways of the two tgfbeta subfamilies, activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (bmps), have been well studied. to address the question of whether the findings from drosophila are representative of insects in general, we analyzed the components of tgfbeta-signaling present in the genome of the beetle tribolium castaneum. we wer ... | 2008 | 18392881 |
| near intron positions are reliable phylogenetic markers: an application to holometabolous insects. | today, the reconstruction of the organismal evolutionary tree is based mainly on molecular sequence data. however, sequence data are sometimes insufficient to reliably resolve in particular deep branches. thus, it is highly desirable to find novel, more reliable types of phylogenetic markers that can be derived from the wealth of genomic data. here, we consider the gain of introns close to older preexisting ones. because correct splicing is impeded by very small exons, nearby pairs of introns ve ... | 2008 | 18296416 |
| rnai-mediated knockdown of juvenile hormone acid o-methyltransferase gene causes precocious metamorphosis in the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum. | juvenile hormone controls the timing of insect metamorphosis. as a final step of juvenile hormone biosynthesis, juvenile hormone acid o-methyltransferase (jhamt) transfers the methyl group from s-adenosyl-l-methionine to the carboxyl group of farnesoic acid and juvenile hormone acid. the developmental expression profiles of jhamt mrna in the silkworm bombyx mori and the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster suggest that the suppression of jhamt transcription is critical for the induction of larval-pu ... | 2008 | 18435763 |
| identification and characterization of the telomerase reverse transcriptase of bombyx mori (silkworm) and tribolium castaneum (flour beetle). | chromosomal ends of most eukaryotes are composed of simple telomeric repeats. arthropod telomeres are generally constituted by ttagg pentanucleotide repeats; however, some insect species including drosophila melanogaster do not have telomeric repeats. in contrast, the domestic silkworm bombyx mori contains ttagg-type telomeric repeats, but the telomerase activity has not been detected in all investigated tissues. to search for a cause of unusual telomere structure in insects, we here identified ... | 2006 | 16793225 |
| functions of duplicated genes encoding ccap receptors in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | crustacean cardioactive peptide (ccap) is a nonapeptide originally isolated from the shore crab, carcinus maenas, based on its cardioacceleratory activity. this peptide is highly conserved in insects and other arthropods. in insects ccap also has an essential role in ecdysis behavior. we previously identified two homologous genes, ccapr-1 and ccapr-2, encoding putative ccap receptors in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. in contrast, some insects, including drosophila melanogaster, carry ... | 2011 | 21708161 |
| functions of ion transport peptide and ion transport peptide-like in the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum. | ion transport peptide (itp) and itp-like (itpl) are highly conserved neuropeptides in insects and crustaceans. we investigated the alternatively spliced variants of itp/itpl in tribolium castaneum to understand their functions. we identified three alternatively spliced transcripts named itp, itpl-1, and itpl-2. expression patterns of the splice variants investigated by exon-specific in situ hybridization were somewhat different from those previously reported in other insect species. most importa ... | 2009 | 19715761 |
| determining host suitability of pecan for stored-product insects. | a no-choice test was performed to determine survival and reproductive capacity of stored-product insect pests on pecan, carya illinoensis (wangenheim) koch. insects used were indianmeal moth, plodia interpunctella (hübner) (lepidoptera: pyralidae); sawtoothed grain beetle, oryzaephilus surinamensis (l.) (coleoptera: cucujidae); red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae); lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (coleoptera: bostrichidae); and rusty grain beet ... | 2013 | 23786103 |
| genomic and functional characterization of a methoprene-tolerant gene in the kissing-bug rhodnius prolixus. | metamorphosis, which depends upon a fine balance between two groups of lipid-soluble hormones such as juvenile hormones (jhs) and ecdysteroids, is an important feature in insect evolution. while it is clear that the onset of metamorphosis depends on the decrease of jh levels, the way in which these hormones exert their activities is not fully understood in triatominae species. the discovery of a drosophila melanogaster mutant resistant to the treatment with the jh analog methoprene, led finally ... | 2015 | 25963043 |
| the chemical composition of essential oils from cinnamomum camphora and their insecticidal activity against the stored product pests. | to investigate the chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the essential oils of certain chinese medicinal herbs and spices, the essential oils were extracted from the stem barks, leaves, and fruits of cinnamomum camphora (l.) presl, which were found to possess strong fumigant toxicity against tribolium castaneum and lasioderma serricorne adults. the essential oils of the plants were extracted by the method of steam distillation using a clavenger apparatus. their composition was determ ... | 2016 | 27827929 |
| two types of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in drosophila and other arthropods. | muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (machrs) play a central role in the mammalian nervous system. these receptors are g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs), which are activated by the agonists acetylcholine and muscarine, and blocked by a variety of antagonists. mammals have five machrs (m1-m5). in this study, we cloned two structurally related gpcrs from the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster, which, after expression in chinese hamster ovary cells, proved to be muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. o ... | 2013 | 23604020 |
| evaluation of repellency of some chinese medicinal herbs essential oils against liposcelis bostrychophila (psocoptera: liposcelidae) and tribolium castaneum (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | the screening for repellency against the booklouse, liposcelis bostrychophila (badonnel), and the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst), from 14 chinese medicinal herbs showed that the essential oils of curcuma longa l., epimedium pubescens maximouwicz, lindera aggregate (sims) kostermans, nardostachys chinensis battandier, schizonepeta tenuifolia briquet, zanthoxylum schinifolium sieber et zuccarini, and z. officinale roscoe exhibited strong repellency against l. bostrychophila and t. ... | 2013 | 23448068 |
| bioactivity against tribolium castaneum herbst (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) of cymbopogon citratus and eucalyptus citriodora essential oils grown in colombia. | essential oils isolated from cymbopogon citratus (dc) stapf. and eucalyptus citriodora hook grown in colombia were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and tested for repellent activity and contact toxicity against tribolium castaneum (herbst.) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | 2010 | 20205230 |
| neurogenesis in the water flea daphnia magna (crustacea, branchiopoda) suggests different mechanisms of neuroblast formation in insects and crustaceans. | within euarthropods, the morphological and molecular mechanisms of early nervous system development have been analysed in insects and several representatives of chelicerates and myriapods, while data on crustaceans are fragmentary. neural stem cells (neuroblasts) generate the nervous system in insects and in higher crustaceans (malacostracans); in the remaining euarthropod groups, the chelicerates (e.g. spiders) and myriapods (e.g. millipedes), neuroblasts are missing. in the latter taxa, groups ... | 2011 | 21624360 |
| draft genome of the scarab beetle oryctes borbonicus on la réunion island. | beetles represent the largest insect order and they display extreme morphological, ecological and behavioral diversity, which makes them ideal models for evolutionary studies. here, we present the draft genome of the scarab beetle oryctes borbonicus, which has a more basal phylogenetic position than the two previously sequenced pest species tribolium castaneum and dendroctonus ponderosae providing the potential for sequence polarization. oryctes borbonicus is endemic to la réunion, an island loc ... | 2016 | 27289092 |
| analysis of chemosensory gene families in the beetle monochamus alternatus and its parasitoid dastarcus helophoroides. | we assembled antennal transcriptomes of pest monochamus alternatus and its parasitoid dastarcus helophoroides to identify the members of the major chemosensory multi-gene families. gene ontology (go) annotation indicated that the relative abundance of transcripts associated with specific go terms was highly similar in the two species. in chemosensory gene families, we identified 52 transcripts encoding putative odorant-binding proteins (obps), 19 chemosensory proteins (csps), 10 olfactory recept ... | 2014 | 24893337 |
| efficacy of a combination of beta-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid and beta-cyfluthrin alone for control of stored-product insects on concrete. | the insecticidal effect of temprid, a formulation that contains beta-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid, was tested on concrete for control of seven stored-product insect species: the rusty grain beetle, cryptolestes ferrugineus (stephens); the sawtoothed grain beetle, oryzaephilus surinamensis (l.); the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst); the confused flour beetle, t. confusum jacquelin du val; the hide beetle, dermestes maculatus (degeer); and the psocids liposcelis bostrychophila badonne ... | 2013 | 23786102 |
| knockdown of genes in the toll pathway reveals new lethal rna interference targets for insect pest control. | rna interference (rnai) is a promising alternative strategy for ecologically friendly pest management. however, the identification of rnai candidate genes is challenging owing to the absence of laboratory strains and the seasonality of most pest species. tribolium castaneum is a well-established model, with a strong and robust rnai response, which can be used as a high-throughput screening platform to identify potential rnai target genes. recently, the cactus gene was identified as a sensitive r ... | 2017 | 27862545 |
| pyrosequencing of the midgut transcriptome of the poplar leaf beetle chrysomela tremulae reveals new gene families in coleoptera. | the insect midgut is the primary target site for bt-derived insecticides and bt alternatives. however, despite extensive recent study, the precise role and nature of different bt receptors remains a subject of considerable debate. this problem is fuelled by a lack of understanding of the genes expressed in the insect midgut and their physiological roles. the poplar leaf beetle, chrysomela tremulae, is an important model for understanding the mode of action of, and resistance to, coleopteran-spec ... | 2009 | 19364528 |
| atypical centrioles are present in tribolium sperm. | typical centrioles are made of microtubules organized in ninefold symmetry. most animal somatic cells have two centrioles for normal cell division and function. these centrioles originate from the zygote, but because the oocyte does not provide any centrioles, it is surprising that the zygotes of many animals are thought to inherit only one centriole from the sperm. recently, in the sperm of drosophila melanogaster, we discovered a second centriolar structure, the proximal centriole-like structu ... | 2017 | 28298310 |
| gene ages, nomenclatures, and functional diversification of the methuselah/methuselah-like gpcr family in drosophila and tribolium. | affecting lifespan regulation and oxidative stress resistance, the g-protein coupled receptor (gpcr) gene methuselah (mth) plays important roles in the life history of drosophila melanogaster. substantial progress has been made in elucidating the molecular pathways by which mth affects these traits, yet conflicting ideas exist as to how old these genetic interactions are as well as how old the mth gene itself is. root to these issues is the complex gene family history of the mth/mthl gpcr family ... | 2016 | 28074535 |
| long-term fluorescence live imaging of tribolium castaneum embryos: principles, resources, scientific challenges and the comparative approach. | light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy became an important tool in insect developmental biology due to its high acquisition speed, low photo-bleaching rate and the high survival probability of the specimens. initially applied to document the embryogenesis of drosophila melanogaster, it is now used to investigate the embryonic morphogenesis of emerging model organisms such as the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum. here, we discuss the principles of light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy ... | 2016 | 27939706 |
| testis-specific rna-seq of calligrapha (chrysomelidae) as a transcriptomic resource for male-biased gene inquiry in coleoptera. | we report the architecture of testis transcriptomes of four closely related species of calligrapha (chrysomelidae) beetles, which diverged during the last 3 million years. five cdna libraries were sequenced using illumina hiseq technology, retrieving 102 884-176 514 assembled contigs, of which ~33-45% of these longer than 499 nt were functionally annotated. annotation and sequence similarity comparisons of these libraries revealed high homogeneity in gene composition and the presence of several ... | 2016 | 27288908 |
| search for limiting factors in the rnai pathway in silkmoth tissues and the bm5 cell line: the rna-binding proteins r2d2 and translin. | rna interference (rnai), an rna-dependent gene silencing process that is initiated by double-stranded rna (dsrna) molecules, has been applied with variable success in lepidopteran insects, in contrast to the high efficiency achieved in the coleopteran tribolium castaneum. to gain insight into the factors that determine the efficiency of rnai, a survey was carried out to check the expression of factors that constitute the machinery of the small interfering rna (sirna) and microrna (mirna) pathway ... | 2011 | 21637842 |
| characterization of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase and related genes in the larval development of the silkworm bombyx mori. | juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolases (jhehs) are a family of enzymes that hydrolyze juvenile hormones (jhs). they are important in terms of organ-specific regulation and irreversible degradation. in contrast to three jheh genes (jheh) in drosophila melanogaster and five jheh in tribolium castaneum, only one jheh gene has been reported to date in lepidopteran insects. by searching a genome database of the silkworm, kaikoblast, five jheh-related genes (jheh-r), in addition to bmjheh, were found. de ... | 2010 | 20622465 |
| a screen for bacterial endosymbionts in the model organisms tribolium castaneum, t. confusum, callosobruchus maculatus, and related species. | reproductive parasites such as wolbachia are extremely widespread amongst the arthropods and can have a large influence over the reproduction and fitness of their hosts. undetected infections could thus confound the results of a wide range of studies that focus on aspects of host behavior, reproduction, fitness, and degrees of reproductive isolation. this potential problem has already been underlined by work investigating the incidence of wolbachia infections in stocks of the model system drosop ... | 2015 | 24347564 |
| the role of the transformer gene in sex determination and reproduction in the tephritid fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis (hendel). | transformer (tra) is a switch gene in the somatic sex-determination hierarchy that regulates sexual dimorphism based on rna splicing in many insects. in tephritids, a y-linked male determining gene (m) controls sex in the sex-determination pathway. here, homologues of drosophila tra and transformer-2 (tra-2) genes were isolated and characterized in bactrocera dorsalis (hendel), one of the most destructive agricultural insect pests in many asian countries. two male-specific and one female-specifi ... | 2015 | 26481008 |
| optimization of wrmtrck to monitor drosophila larval locomotor activity. | an efficient and low-cost method of examining larval movement in drosophila melanogaster is needed to study how mutations and/or alterations in the muscular, neural, and olfactory systems affect locomotor behavior. here, we describe the implementation of wrmtrck, a freely available imagej plugin originally developed for examining multiple behavioral parameters in the nematode c. elegans. our optimized method is rapid, reproducible and does not require automated microscope setups or the purchase ... | 2017 | 27430166 |
| the insect central complex as model for heterochronic brain development-background, concepts, and tools. | the adult insect brain is composed of neuropils present in most taxa. however, the relative size, shape, and developmental timing differ between species. this diversity of adult insect brain morphology has been extensively described while the genetic mechanisms of brain development are studied predominantly in drosophila melanogaster. however, it has remained enigmatic what cellular and genetic mechanisms underlie the evolution of neuropil diversity or heterochronic development. in this perspect ... | 2016 | 27056385 |
| identification of hox genes and rearrangements within the single homeobox (hox) cluster (192.8 kb) of the cyclopoid copepod (paracyclopina nana). | we report the first identification of the entire complement of the eight typical homeobox (hox) genes (lab, pb, dfd, scr, antp, ubx, abd-a, and abd-b) and the ftz gene in a 192.8 kb region in the cyclopoid copepod paracyclopina nana. a hox3 gene ortholog was not present in the p. nana hox gene cluster, while the p. nana dfd gene was transcribed in the opposite direction to the daphnia pulex dfd gene, but in the same direction as the dfd genes of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster and red flou ... | 2016 | 26833546 |
| a tribolium castaneum whole-embryo culture protocol for studying the molecular mechanisms and morphogenetic movements involved in insect development. | the development of the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum is more representative of arthropods than the evolutionarily derived fly, drosophila melanogaster. thus, tribolium is becoming an emerging organism model for studying the evolution of the mechanisms that control embryonic development in arthropods. in this regard, diverse genetic and molecular tools are currently available for tribolium, as well as imaging and embryonic techniques. recently, we developed a method for culturing embryos i ... | 2016 | 26739999 |
| insight into the unfolding properties of chd64, a small, single domain protein with a globular core and disordered tails. | two major lipophilic hormones, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) and juvenile hormone (jh), govern insect development and growth. while the mode of action of 20e is well understood, some understanding of jh-dependent signalling has been attained only in the past few years, and the crosstalk of the two hormonal pathways remains unknown. two proteins, the calponin-like chd64 and immunophilin fkbp39 proteins, have recently been found to play pivotal roles in the formation of dynamic, multiprotein complex th ... | 2015 | 26325194 |
| nutrition regulation of male accessory gland growth and maturation in tribolium castaneum. | insulin/igf-1 signaling (iis) pathway is known to control growth, development and reproduction. insulin-like peptide mediated body size plasticity in drosophila melanogaster has been reported. here, our studies showed that iis pathway and nutrition regulate growth and maturation of the male accessory gland (mag) in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. the size of mag increased from day 1 to day 5 post-adult emergence (pae). this increase in the size of mag is contributed by an increase in ... | 2015 | 26035685 |
| innexin7a forms junctions that stabilize the basal membrane during cellularization of the blastoderm in tribolium castaneum. | in insects, the fertilized egg undergoes a series of rapid nuclear divisions before the syncytial blastoderm starts to cellularize. cellularization has been extensively studied in drosophila melanogaster, but its thick columnar blastoderm is unusual among insects. we therefore set out to describe cellularization in the beetle tribolium castaneum, the embryos of which exhibit a thin blastoderm of cuboidal cells, like most insects. using immunohistochemistry, live imaging and transmission electron ... | 2015 | 26015545 |
| the roles of thermal transient receptor potential channels in thermotactic behavior and in thermal acclimation in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | to survive in variable or fluctuating temperature, organisms should show appropriate behavioral and physiological responses which must be mediated through properly attuned thermal sensory mechanisms. transient receptor potential channels (trps) are a family of cation channels a number of which, called thermo-trps, are known to function as thermosensors. we investigated the potential role of thermo-tprs that have been previously identified in the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster, in thermotaxis ... | 2015 | 25813190 |
| first transcriptional survey of the malpighian tubules of giant mealworm, zophobas morio (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | the malpighian tubules play a key role in insect osmoregulation. although a transcriptional analysis has been done for the malpighian tubules in drosophila melanogaster (diptera), no functional genomics analysis has yet been carried out for any coleoptera species. recently, we constructed a cdna library from malpighian tubules of larval zophobas morio, a close relative of tribolium castaneum, and cloned the cdna for an amp/coa-ligase with luciferase-like enzyme properties. using this cdna librar ... | 2015 | 25729980 |
| evolutionary variations in the expression of dorso-ventral patterning genes and the conservation of pioneer neurons in tribolium castaneum. | insects are ideally suited for gaining insight into the evolutionary developmental mechanisms that have led to adaptive changes of the nervous system since the specific structure of the nervous system can be directly linked to the neural stem cell (neuroblast) lineages, which in turn can be traced back to the last common ancestor of insects. the recent comparative analysis of the drosophila melanogaster and tribolium castaneum neuroblast maps revealed substantial differences in the expression pr ... | 2015 | 25657058 |
| rnai screening of developmental toolkit genes: a search for novel wing genes in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | the amazing array of diversity among insect wings offers a powerful opportunity to study the mechanisms guiding morphological evolution. studies in drosophila (the fruit fly) have identified dozens of genes important for wing development. these genes are often called candidate genes, serving as an ideal starting point to study wing development in other insects. however, we also need to explore beyond the candidate genes to gain a more comprehensive view of insect wing evolution. as a first step ... | 2015 | 25613748 |
| wnt/β-catenin signaling integrates patterning and metabolism of the insect growth zone. | wnt/β-catenin and hedgehog (hh) signaling are essential for transmitting signals across cell membranes in animal embryos. early patterning of the principal insect model, drosophila melanogaster, occurs in the syncytial blastoderm, where diffusion of transcription factors obviates the need for signaling pathways. however, in the cellularized growth zone of typical short germ insect embryos, signaling pathways are predicted to play a more fundamental role. indeed, the wnt/β-catenin pathway is requ ... | 2014 | 25395458 |
| tcmof regulates larval/pupal development and female fecundity in red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | males absent on the first (mof) was originally identified as an essential component of the x chromosome dosage compensation system in drosophila melanogaster, and is also a member of the myst family of histone acetyltransferases. mof has been extensively studied in d. melanogaster and mammals. however, whether mof is involved in dosage compensation and/or other vital functions for newly emerging model insects such as tribolium castaneum, is unclear. we cloned the mof from t. castaneum, named tcm ... | 2015 | 25308105 |