| the mechanism of action of the antidiuretic peptide tenmo adfa in malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti. | the mechanism of action of tenebrio molitor antidiuretic factor 'a' (tenmo adfa) was explored in isolated malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti. in the ramsay assay of fluid secretion, tenmo adfa (10(-9) mol l(-1)) significantly inhibited the rate of fluid secretion from 0.94 nl min(-1) to 0.44 nl min(-1) without significant effects on the concentrations of na+, k+ and cl- in secreted fluid. in isolated perfused tubules, tenmo adfa had no effect on the transepithelial voltage (vt) and resistance ( ... | 2004 | 15235016 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationship of insect juvenile hormone mimetic compounds. | juvenile hormone mimetic activities on aedes aegypti (yellow-fever mosquito) and tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm) of compounds having (2e,4e)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienone structures were comparatively and quantitatively analyzed in terms of their physiochemical structural parameters and by regression analysis. they were structurally composed of three classes, ester and thiol ester derivatives, amides, and ketones, depending on the c1 substituents. the results indicated that the steric di ... | 1984 | 6492079 |
| why do caterpillars whistle at birds? insect defence sounds startle avian predators. | many insects produce sounds when attacked by a predator, yet the functions of these signals are poorly understood. it is debated whether such sounds function as startle, warning or alarm signals, or merely serve to augment other defences. direct evidence is limited owing to difficulties in disentangling the effects of sounds from other defences that often occur simultaneously in live insects. we conducted an experiment to test whether an insect sound can function as a deimatic (i.e. startle) dis ... | 2017 | 28232054 |
| effects of a novel entomopathogenic nematode-infected host formulation on cadaver integrity, nematode yield, and suppression of diaprepes abbreviatus and aethina tumida. | an alternative approach to applying entomopathogenic nematodes entails the distribution of nematodes in their infected insect hosts. protection of the infected host from rupturing, and improving ease of handling, may be necessary to facilitate application. in this study our objective was to test the potential of a new method of formulating the infected hosts, i.e., enclosing the infected host in masking tape. tenebrio molitor l. cadavers infected with heterorhabditis indica poinar, karunakar and ... | 2010 | 19932701 |
| fine structure of the kinetochores in six species of the coleoptera. | kinetochore structure was examined in a total of 6 species from 5 different families of the coleoptera using transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin serial sections. metaphase spermatogonia and primary and secondary spermatocytes were studied in tenebrio molitor (tenebrionidae) to determine whether kinetochore structure varies depending on the cell type. in all three cell types, the kinetochore microtubules (mts) were in direct contact with the chromosomal surface, and kinetochore plates w ... | 1997 | 18464835 |
| nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors for three edible insects: tenebrio molitor, alphitobius diaperinus, and hermetia illucens. | insects are considered a nutritionally valuable source of alternative proteins, and their efficient protein extraction is a prerequisite for large-scale use. the protein content is usually calculated from total nitrogen using the nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor (kp) of 6.25. this factor overestimates the protein content, due to the presence of nonprotein nitrogen in insects. in this paper, a specific kp of 4.76 ± 0.09 was calculated for larvae from tenebrio molitor, alphitobius diaperinus, ... | 2017 | 28252948 |
| influence of processing and in vitro digestion on the allergic cross-reactivity of three mealworm species. | edible insects are currently being evaluated as an alternative and more sustainable protein source for humans. the introduction of new food sources can lead to development of novel allergies. because in the western world, insects are unlikely to be consumed raw, it is important to know how processing and in vitro digestion might influence their allergenicity. three edible mealworm species (tenebrio molitor, zophobas atratus and alphitobius diaperinus) subjected to processing and in vitro digesti ... | 2016 | 26593591 |
| extraction and characterisation of protein fractions from five insect species. | tenebrio molitor, zophobas morio, alphitobius diaperinus, acheta domesticus and blaptica dubia were evaluated for their potential as a future protein source. crude protein content ranged from 19% to 22% (dumas analysis). essential amino acid levels in all insect species were comparable with soybean proteins, but lower than for casein. after aqueous extraction, next to a fat fraction, a supernatant, pellet, and residue were obtained, containing 17-23%, 33-39%, 31-47% of total protein, respectivel ... | 2013 | 23993491 |
| uniform distribution of satellite dna variants on the chromosomes of tenebrionid species alphitobius diaperinus and tenebrio molitor. | the chromosomes of tenebrionid species alphitobius diaperinus contain large blocks of pericentromerically located constitutive heterochromatin, as revealed by c-banding procedure. as previously reported, satellite dna of this species is composed of two related monomeric units organized in three satellite subfamilies. in order to analyze the chromosomal location of the satellite dna and the distribution of monomeric variants within it, and compare it with the distribution of monomer variants in t ... | 1995 | 8598348 |
| occupational sensitivity to tenebrio molitor linnaeus (yellow mealworm). | tenebrio molitor is an abundant stored-grain pest in the northern united states. we evaluated an individual with work-related symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis on exposure to this insect. prick skin tests with extracts prepared from the larval, pupal, and adult-life stages were positive for the patient and for another individual with allergy to a closely related species of beetle, alphitobius diaperinus. specific ige antibodies to the extracts were demonstrated by rast. rast inhibition demonstrate ... | 1990 | 2384648 |
| solution structure of the main alpha-amylase inhibitor from amaranth seeds. | the most abundant alpha-amylase inhibitor (aai) present in the seeds of amaranthus hypochondriacus, a variety of the mexican crop plant amaranth, is the smallest polypeptide (32 residues) known to inhibit alpha-amylase activity of insect larvae while leaving that of mammals unaffected. in solution, 1h nmr reveals that aai isolated from amaranth seeds adopts a major trans (70%) and minor cis (30%) conformation, resulting from slow cis-trans isomerization of the val15-pro16 peptide bond. both solu ... | 2001 | 11298757 |
| protease iv, a quorum sensing-dependent protease of pseudomonas aeruginosa modulates insect innate immunity. | in pseudomonas aeruginosa, quorum sensing (qs) plays an essential role in pathogenesis and the qs response controls many virulence factors. using a mealworm, tenebrio molitor as a host model, we found that protease iv, a qs-regulated exoprotease of p. aeruginosa functions as a key virulence effector causing the melanization and death of t. molitor larvae. protease iv was able to degrade zymogens of spätzle processing enzyme (spe) and spe-activating enzyme (sae) without the activation of the anti ... | 2014 | 25315216 |
| dietary fatty acids influence the growth and fatty acid composition of the yellow mealworm tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | fat is the second most abundant component of the nutrient composition of the mealworm tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) that represents also an interesting source of pufa, especially n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, involved in prevention of cardiovascular diseases. this study investigated the possibility of modifying the fat content and the fa composition of yellow mealworms through feeding and how this would be influenced by developmental stages, pupal sex, and generation with the future ai ... | 2017 | 28083781 |
| growth performance and feed conversion efficiency of three edible mealworm species (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) on diets composed of organic by-products. | insects receive increasing attention as an alternative protein-rich food source for humans. producing edible insects on diets composed of organic by-products could increase sustainability. in addition, insect growth rate and body composition, and hence nutritional quality, can be altered by diet. three edible mealworm species tenebrio molitor l., zophobas atratus fab. and alphitobius diaperinus panzer were grown on diets composed of organic by-products originating from beer brewing, bread/cookie ... | 2015 | 25576652 |
| the long-term immunological effects of alloferon and its analogues in the mealworm tenebrio molitor. | the subject of this article is a search for the long-term immunological effects of alloferon and 3 structural analogues of alloferon, which were earlier characterized by the highest pro-apoptotic activity in tenebrio molitor. the differences in the actions of these peptides on immune response were observed. alloferon increased nodulation and significantly phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of experimentally infected t. molitor. however, [phe(p-nh2 )(1) ]- and [phe(p-ome)(1) ]-alloferon stro ... | 2016 | 27925389 |
| antimicrobial defence and persistent infection in insects revisited. | insects show long-lasting antimicrobial immune responses that follow the initial fast-acting cellular processes. these immune responses are discussed to provide a form of phrophylaxis and/or to serve as a safety measure against persisting infections. the duration and components of such long-lasting responses have rarely been studied in detail, a necessary prerequisite to understand their adaptive value. here, we present a 21 day proteomic time course of the mealworm beetle tenebrio molitor immun ... | 2016 | 27160598 |
| quorum sensing-dependent metalloprotease vvpe is important in the virulence of vibrio vulnificus to invertebrates. | vibrio vulnificus, a gram-negative bacterium, is an opportunistic human pathogen responsible for fatal septicemia caused by contaminated sea foods in eastern asia. quorum sensing (qs) is a cell-density dependent gene regulation mechanism that controls the expression of many virulence genes in various bacteria and v. vulnificus has been also suggested to express their virulence genes through the qs system. in this study, we investigated the role of qs system and qs-regulated exoproteases in the v ... | 2014 | 24769338 |
| intracellular survival of staphylococcus aureus during persistent infection in the insect tenebrio molitor. | survival of bacteria within host cells and tissues presents a challenge to the immune systems of higher organisms. escape from phagocytic immune cells compounds this issue, as immune cells become potential vehicles for pathogen dissemination. however, the duration of persistence within phagocytes and its contribution to pathogen load has yet to be determined. we investigate the immunological significance of intracellular persistence within the insect model tenebrio molitor, assessing the extent, ... | 2016 | 26778297 |
| transepithelial transport of salicylate by the malpighian tubules of insects from different orders. | the organic anion salicylate is a plant secondary metabolite that protects plants against phytophagous insects. in this study, a combination of salicylate-selective microelectrodes and a radioisotope tracer technique was used to study the transepithelial transport of salicylate by the malpighian tubules of 10 species of insects from five orders. our results show that salicylate is transported into the lumen of the malpighian tubules in all the species evaluated, except rhodnius prolixus. the tra ... | 2007 | 17640663 |
| characterization of bgtg-1, a tergal gland-secreted alpha-amylase, from the german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.). | the protein fraction of the german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.), tergal gland secretion was examined. sds-page separation of proteins present in b. germanica tergal gland secretion revealed a tergal gland-secreted protein, bgtg-1, at approximately 63 kda. bgtg-1 first appeared in tergal gland secretion at 2 days postimaginal moult and the amount of protein observed increased through day 5. a 2051 bp cdna sequence, bgtg-1, was obtained by race polymerase chain reaction and contains a 1494 ... | 2006 | 16907829 |
| recognition, survival and persistence of staphylococcus aureus in the model host tenebrio molitor. | the degree of specificity of any given immune response to a parasite is governed by the complexity and variation of interactions between host and pathogen derived molecules. here, we assess the extent to which recognition and immuno-resistance of cell wall mutants of the pathogen staphylococcus aureus may contribute to establishment and maintenance of persistent infection in the model insect host, tenebrio molitor. the cell surface of s. aureus is decorated with various molecules, including glyc ... | 2015 | 25179414 |
| triazines facilitate neurotransmitter release of synaptic terminals located in hearts of frog (rana ridibunda) and honeybee (apis mellifera) and in the ventral nerve cord of a beetle (tenebrio molitor). | three triazine herbicides, atrazine, simazine and metribuzine, and some of their major metabolites (cyanuric acid and 6-azauracil) were investigated for their action on synaptic terminals using three different isolated tissue preparations from the atria of the frog, rana ridibunda, the heart of the honeybee, apis mellifera macedonica, and the ventral nerve cord of the beetle, tenebrio molitor. the results indicate that triazines facilitate the release of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals, a ... | 2003 | 12927906 |
| the action of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the isolated heart of insect and amphibia. | the action of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) on the isolated heart of the frog (rana ridibunda) and two insects, the honeybee (apis mellifera macedonica) and the beetle (tenebrio molitor), was investigated using basic electrophysiological methods. the results of this study showed that a concentration of 1 μm 2,4-d was required to reduce the force and the frequency of the isolated heart of the honeybee to about 70% of the initial contraction in less than 20 min. to cause the ... | 2002 | 21782594 |
| quantity discrimination in tenebrio molitor: evidence of numerosity discrimination in an invertebrate? | numerosity discrimination, the ability to distinguish between sets with more and less items, is recognised as the foundation for higher numerical abilities. understanding numerosity discrimination from a comparative perspective is hence pivotal in tracing the evolution of numerical representation systems. however, numerosity discrimination has been well studied only in vertebrates, where two innate systems of number representation have been described: an 'analog magnitude system' used to discrim ... | 2009 | 19118405 |
| the fate of persisting thoracic neurons during metamorphosis of the meal beetle tenebrio molitor (insecta: coleoptera). | a set of motor neurons and interneurons in the thoracic nervous system of the meal beetle tenebrio molitor l. is described that persist during metamorphosis. the motor neurons under discussion innervate the thoracic ventral longitudinal muscles and were identified by retrograde transport of intramuscularly injected horseradish peroxidase. persisting motor neurons exhibit a complex repetitive pattern that changes only slightly during development. additionally, the characterization of serotonin-im ... | 1987 | 28305463 |
| carabid larvae as predators of weed seeds: granivory in larvae of amara eurynota (coleoptera: carabidae). | up to date we do not have much information about predation on seeds by larvae of ground beetles. one of the reasons why such knowledge is important is that granivorous larvae contribute to predation of weed seeds. in this study, the food requirements of larvae of autumn breeding carabid species amara eurynota (panzer) were investigated in the laboratory and a hypothesis, that they are granivorous was tested. insect diet (tenebrio molitor larvae), three seed diets (seeds of artemisia vulgaris, tr ... | 2004 | 15759391 |
| anaphylaxis to the ingestion and inhalation of tenebrio molitor (mealworm) and zophobas morio (superworm). | it has been well documented, worldwide, that inhalation and/or contact with airborne particulate insect products has resulted in sensitivity to insect proteins and is manifested by such common entities as dermatitis, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and asthma. however, the deliberate ingestion of a variety of insects (undertaken to prove their edibility and nutrient value) resulted in subsequent sensitization of some individuals. such an outcome has not previously been reported in the literature. the ... | 2016 | 8871741 |
| light microscopy with differential staining techniques for the characterisation and discrimination of insects versus marine arthropods processed animal proteins. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of light microscopy with differential staining techniques for the discrimination of insect material from marine arthropods - classified as fishmeal. specifically, three samples of single-species insect material, hermetia illucens (hi), bombyx mori (bm) and tenebrio molitor (tm), and two samples of marine arthropods, shrimp material and krill, were analysed and compared after staining by two reagents to enhance fragment identification. alizarin red (a ... | 2017 | 28105887 |
| studies on proteins in post-ecdysial nymphal cuticle of locust, locusta migratoria, and cockroach, blaberus craniifer. | proteins were extracted from the cuticle of mid-instar nymphs of locusts, locusta migratoria, and cockroaches, blaberus craniifer. seven proteins were purified from the locust extract and five from the cockroach extract, and their amino acid sequences were determined. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that the proteins are present only in the post-ecdysially deposited layer of the nymphal cuticles. one of the locust and one of the cockroach nymphal proteins contain a 68-residue motif, ... | 2000 | 10844249 |
| [possibility of culture of columbia sk virus in the mealworm tenebrio molitor and silkworm bombyx mori]. | | 1955 | 13304595 |
| [effects of fermented cattle dung on the growth and development of tenebrio molitor larvae]. | in order to make use of and industrialize the animal dung from large cattle farms, this paper explored the feasibility of using tenebrio molitor to digest and utilize cattle dung. cattle dung was mixed with the conventional feed (65% wheat bran, 30% corn flour, and 5% bean pulp) of t. molitor in definite proportions, and fermented with effective microorganisms (em). the fermented products containing 60% and 80% of cattle dung (fd1 and fd2, respectively) were selected to feed t. molitor larvae, a ... | 2012 | 23173472 |
| evolution of hyperactive, repetitive antifreeze proteins in beetles. | some organisms that experience subzero temperatures, such as insects, fish, bacteria, and plants, synthesize antifreeze proteins (afps) that adsorb to surfaces of nascent ice crystals and inhibit their growth. although some afps are globular and nonrepetitive, the majority are repetitive in both sequence and structure. in addition, they are frequently encoded by tandemly arrayed, multigene families. afp isoforms from the mealworm beetle, tenebrio molitor, are extremely potent and inhibit ice gro ... | 2007 | 17443386 |
| effects of single and dual species herbivory on the behavioural responses of three thrips species to cotton seedlings. | this study investigated the olfactory responses of three thrips species [frankliniella schultzei trybom, f. occidentalis pergrande and thrips tabaci lindeman (thysanoptera: thripidae)] to cotton seedlings [gossypium hirsutum l. (malvales: malvaceae)] simultaneously damaged by different combinations of herbivores. cotton seedlings were damaged by foliar feeding tetranychus urticae koch (trombidiforms: tetranychidae), helicoverpa armigera hübner (lepidoptera: noctuidae), aphis gossypii glover (hem ... | 2016 | 27029603 |
| cold survival in freeze-intolerant insects: the structure and function of beta-helical antifreeze proteins. | antifreeze proteins (afps) designate a class of proteins that are able to bind to and inhibit the growth of macromolecular ice. these proteins have been characterized from a variety of organisms. recently, the structures of afps from the spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) and the yellow mealworm (tenebrio molitor) have been determined by nmr and x-ray crystallography. despite nonhomologous sequences, both proteins were shown to consist of beta-helices. we review the structures and dynamic ... | 2004 | 15291806 |
| neuropeptides of the beetle, tenebrio molitor identified using maldi-tof mass spectrometry and deduced sequences from the tribolium castaneum genome. | four neuropeptides were identified from the brain and corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (cc-ca) of the mealworm beetle tenebrio molitor using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and information derived from the genome of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. leucomyosuppressin (a flrfamide), previously associated with cockroaches, but also subsequently identified from honey bee seen as a prominent peptide in both brain and cc-ca of t.mol ... | 2008 | 18201799 |
| crystal structure of beta-helical antifreeze protein points to a general ice binding model. | reported here is the 2.3 a resolution crystal structure of spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) antifreeze protein (cfafp), solved by single anomalous scattering. the structure reveals an extremely regular left-handed beta-helical platform consisting of 15-amino acid loops with a repetitive thr-x-thr motif displayed on one of the helix's three faces. this motif results in a two-dimensional array of threonine residues in an identical orientation to those in the nonhomologous, right-handed be ... | 2002 | 12015145 |
| antifreeze and ice nucleator proteins in terrestrial arthropods. | terrestrial arthropods survive subzero temperatures by becoming either freeze tolerant (survive body fluid freezing) or freeze avoiding (prevent body fluid freezing). protein ice nucleators (pins), which limit supercooling and induce freezing, and antifreeze proteins (afps), which function to prevent freezing, can have roles in both freeze tolerance and avoidance. many freeze-tolerant insects produce hemolymph pins, which induce freezing at high subzero temperatures thereby inhibiting lethal int ... | 2001 | 11181959 |
| production of destruxins from metarhizium spp. fungi in artificial medium and in endophytically colonized cowpea plants. | destruxins (dtxs) are cyclic depsipeptides produced by many metarhizium isolates that have long been assumed to contribute to virulence of these entomopathogenic fungi. we evaluated the virulence of 20 metarhizium isolates against insect larvae and measured the concentration of dtxs a, b, and e produced by these same isolates in submerged (shaken) cultures. eight of the isolates (arsef 324, 724, 760, 1448, 1882, 1883, 3479, and 3918) did not produce dtxs a, b, or e during the five days of submer ... | 2014 | 25127450 |
| the effect of chemical composition and bioactivity of several essential oils on tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | the major chemical components of four essential oils (eos) extracted from dry leaves of citrus limonum, cymbopogon citratus, litsea cubeba, and muristica fragrans were analyzed with gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer and their fumigant, contact, and repellent activities against 10th instar and adults of tenebrio molitor were also assayed. the results indicated that the major constituents of c. limonum and cy. citrates were d-limonene (38.22%) and 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal (26.21%), while which of ... | 2015 | 26254287 |
| purification and characterization of three beta-glycosidases from midgut of the sugar cane borer, diatraea saccharalis. | three beta-glycosidases, named betagly1, betagly2 and betagly3, were isolated from midgut tissues of the sugar cane borer, diatraea saccharalis fabricius (lepidoptera: pyralidae). the three enzymes have similar mr (58,000; 61,000; 61,000), pi (7.5, 7.4, and 7.4) and optimum ph (6.7, 6.3, and 7.2) and were resolved by hydrophobic chromatography. the beta-glycosidases prefer beta-glucosides to beta-galactosides, have four subsites for glucose binding and hydrolyse glucose-glucose beta-1,3 linkages ... | 2003 | 12459203 |
| beetle immunity. | genetic studies have elegantly characterized the innate immune response in drosophila melanogaster. however, these studies have a limited ability to reveal the biochemical mechanisms underlying the innate immune response. to investigate the biochemical basis of how insects recognize invading microbes and how these recognition signals activate the innate immune response, it is necessary to use insects, from which larger amounts of hemolymph can be extracted. using the larvae from two species of b ... | 2010 | 21528698 |
| serial sectioning of insects with hard exoskeleton by dissolution of the exocuticle. | the method reported here was designed to produce paraffin serial sections as thin as 5 microns of insects or other arthropods with a hard cuticle. heads and abdomens of apis mellifera, eristalomyia tenax and tenebrio molitor were fixed with schaffer's liquid, dehydrate with 80% ethanol, 90% ethanol, two changes of 100% isopropanol (2 hr each) and 12 hr in a 1:1 mixture of paraffin (58 c melting point) at 60 c. they were molded in paraffin after 12 hr of infiltration under a partial vacuum at 60 ... | 1992 | 1617001 |
| naturally occurring insect growth regulators. iii. echinolone, a highly active juvenile hormone mimic from echinacea angustifolia roots. | a compound, c14h24o2, which induces strong juvenilizing effects in the yellow mealworm, tenebrio molitor l., following topical application to the pupal stage, was isolated in pure form from the roots of echinacea angustifolia dc and tentatively identified as dextrorotatory (e)-10-hydroxy-4,10-dimethyl-4,11-dodecadien-2-one. the compound has been named echinolone. | 2008 | 1221245 |
| activity of eight strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida: steinernematidae, heterorhabditidae) against five stored product pests. | stored product pests are responsible for losses that can amount 10% during cereal storage in the world. aiming to find an alternative method to the chemicals used for the stored-product pests, eight strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) were tested against five species of stored product pests. the bioassays were conducted in microtubes containing paper, inoculated with epns and insect diet. all the insect species were susceptible to the epns strains. anagasta kuehniella and tenebrio molit ... | 2013 | 23567251 |
| inhibitory activities against heterologous α-amylases and in vitro allergenic reactivity of einkorn wheats. | salt extracts from seeds of 36 lines of einkorn wheats were analyzed for their inhibitory activity towards two insect (tenebrio molitor, coleoptera, and ephestia kuehniella, lepidoptera) and one mammalian (human salivary) α-amylases. whereas all ten t. monococcum accessions tested were active towards the lepidopteran enzyme, they had no effect on the coleopteran or the mammalian ones. more variability was found among the 21 lines of t. boeticum analyzed, although none of them inhibited human α-a ... | 1996 | 24162403 |
| linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in the metabolism of two insects, ephestia kuehniella (lep.) and tenebrio molitor (col.). | | 1947 | 16748194 |
| a neuropeptide modulates sensory perception in the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae. | entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) employ a sophisticated chemosensory apparatus to detect potential hosts. understanding the molecular basis of relevant host-finding behaviours could facilitate improved epn biocontrol approaches, and could lend insight to similar behaviours in economically important mammalian parasites. fmrfamide-like peptides are enriched and conserved across the phylum nematoda, and have been linked with motor and sensory function, including dispersal and aggregating behaviour ... | 2017 | 28253355 |
| oscheius onirici sp. n. (nematoda: rhabditidae): a new entomopathogenic nematode from an italian cave. | oscheius onirici sp. n. (nematoda: rhabditidae) was isolated from a karst cave soil of central italy. molecular and morphological analyses were performed. total dna was extracted from individual nematodes and the mitochondrial coi, the its containing region, the d2-d3 expansion domains of the 28s rrna gene and the 18s rrna gene were amplified and sequenced. blast search at ncbi by using all molecular markers revealed that this taxon is similar to oscheius species. phylogenetic trees of its, 28s ... | 2015 | 25947484 |
| influence of canola hulls on gain in weight of larvae of the yellow mealworm, tenebrio molitor l. | larvae of the yellow mealworm, tenebrio molitor l., gembloux strain, race f, were reared on diets in which the protein component was supplied by defatted ground seed, defatted ground dehulled fraction, or defatted ground hulls of brassica napus l. cv. tower or brassica campestris l. cv. candle, obtained from autoclaved seed. they were also fed casein diets to which defatted ground hulls of tower or candle seed were added. gain in weight was equally good for all diets containing candle seed fract ... | 1983 | 6204614 |
| investigating the insecticidal potential of geomyces (myxotrichaceae: helotiales) and mortierella (mortierellacea: mortierellales) isolated from antarctica. | fungi isolated from environmentally challenging habitats can have adaptations of potential value when developed as insect pest-controls. fungal isolates collected from antarctica, geomyces sp. i, geomyces sp. ii, mortierella signyensis and m. alpina, were investigated for (i) growth characteristics at 0-35°c, (ii) spore production at 10 and 20°c, (iii) viability following exposure to freezing temperatures, and (iv) insecticidal activity against waxmoths (galleria mellonella l.), houseflies (musc ... | 2014 | 25013747 |
| genetic basis of destruxin production in the entomopathogen metarhizium robertsii. | destruxins are among the most exhaustively researched secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi, yet definitive evidence for their roles in pathogenicity and virulence has yet to be shown. to establish the genetic bases for the biosynthesis of this family of depsipeptides, we identified a 23,792-bp gene in metarhizium robertsii arsef 2575 containing six complete nonribosomal peptide synthetase modules, with an n-methyltransferase domain in each of the last two modules. this domain arrangem ... | 2012 | 22367459 |
| attraction behaviour of three entomopathogenic nematode species towards infected and uninfected hosts. | entomopathogenic nematode infective juveniles are likely to encounter both uninfected and infected insects and host quality depends on the stage of the infection. we hypothesized that nematode response to infected hosts will change over the course of an infection. here, we tested this hypothesis by focusing on the influence of host infection status on long-range attraction to host volatile cues. the attraction response of 3 nematode species (steinernema carpocapsae, s. glaseri and s. riobrave) w ... | 2007 | 17176490 |
| dynamics of carbon dioxide release from insects infected with entomopathogenic nematodes. | the quality of an insect as a host to an entomopathogenic nematode infective juvenile depends in part on whether or not the insect is already infected and on the stage of that infection. previous research has shown that nematode response to hosts can change after infection and that, for uninfected hosts, co(2) can be an important cue used by infective stage juveniles during attraction. we hypothesized that co(2) production from an insect changes after it is infected, and that these changes could ... | 2007 | 17054978 |
| the insect abdomen--a heartbeat manager in insects? | different possibilities of coordination between circulation, respiration and abdominal movements were found in pupae of pieris brassicae, tenebrio molitor, galleria mellonella and leptinotarsa decemlineata. coordination principles depend on metabolic rate: the need to support circulation with abdominal movements appears only at higher metabolic rates. integration between different abdominal movements and circulation depends on species, on physiological state and, supposedly, on internal morpholo ... | 2002 | 12443919 |
| [electrophoretic study of proteinogram variations during post-embryonic development of tenebrio molitor (coleoptera). comparative study of the case of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera)]. | | 2016 | 5455243 |
| toxicity of scorpion venom in chick embryo and mealworm assay depending on the use of the soluble fraction versus the whole venom. | the ld50 is an important metric for venom studies and antivenom development. it has been shown that several variables in the protocol influence the ld50 value obtained, such as venom source, extraction and treatment and administration route. these inconsistencies reduce the utility of the results of these test for comparative studies. in scorpion venom ld50 assays, often only the soluble fraction of the venom is used, whereas other studies use the whole venom. we here tested the toxicity of the ... | 2014 | 24951875 |
| purine derivate content and amino acid profile in larval stages of three edible insects. | considering their high content of protein, insects are a valuable alternative protein source. however, no evaluation of their purine content has so far been done. high content of purine derivates may lead to the exclusion of such food from the diet of people with specific diseases. the aim of this study was to analyse the content of selected purine derivates and amino acid profile in the three insect species most often used for entomophagy in europe and compare them with the purine content in eg ... | 2014 | 23633284 |
| regionalization of surface lipids in insects. | cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs) play a critical role in the establishment of the waterproof barrier that prevents dehydration and wetting in insects. while rich data are available on chc composition in different species, we know little about their distribution and organization. here, we report on our studies of the surface barrier of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster applying a newly developed eosin y staining method. the inert eosin y penetrates different regions of the adult body at distinct ... | 2016 | 27170708 |
| beauveria medogensis sp. nov., a new fungus of the entomopathogenic genus from china. | beauveria is among the most ubiquitous genera of entomopathogenic fungi throughout the world. a previously unknown species of the genus was recently discovered from a soil sample collected from tibetan plateau, china and is here described as new to science, b. medogensis sp. nov. the new species is distinguished from its closest relatives based on both morphological characterization and molecular phylogenetic analyses. beauveria medogensis is characterized by globose to subglobose conidia, morph ... | 2016 | 27449678 |
| tenectin, a novel extracellular matrix protein expressed during drosophila melanogaster embryonic development. | during drosophila embryonic development, various morphogenetic processes require the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. in a previous study, we have identified and characterized a cdna encoding a novel putative extracellular matrix protein named tenebrin, in the beetle tenebrio molitor. here, we examine the expression of the drosophila ortholog, referred to as tenectin (tnc), during embryonic development. tnc is expressed in the majority of tissues of neuroectodermic origin such as hindgut, ... | 2006 | 16510317 |
| characterization of a subfamily of beetle odorant-binding proteins found in hemolymph. | in insects, hydrophobic odorants are transported through the sensillar lymph to receptors on sensory neurons by odorant-binding proteins (obps). the beetle tenebrio molitor, which is a pest of stored grain products, produces a set of 12-14-kda obp-like proteins in its hemolymph. the structure of one of these proteins and that of a moth pheromone-binding protein have been solved. both proteins have at least six alpha-helices with an internal, hydrophobic, ligand-binding pocket, but the beetle obp ... | 2003 | 12883044 |
| for uptake of yolk precursors, epithelial cell-oocyte gap junctional communication is required by insects representing six different orders. | for uptake of vitellogenin protein into nascent yolk spheres, communication through open gap junction channels between the follicle epithelium and oocyte is required by six different insects representing six different orders. it was recently shown in the hemipteran, oncopeltus fasciatus, that endocytic uptake of yolk protein resulting in the formation of nascent yolk spheres depended upon an intact epithelium communicating with the oocyte through patent gap junctions. following treatment with oc ... | 2002 | 12770077 |
| biodegradation and mineralization of polystyrene by plastic-eating mealworms: part 2. role of gut microorganisms. | the role of gut bacteria of mealworms (the larvae of tenebrio molitor linnaeus) in polystyrene (ps) degradation was investigated. gentamicin was the most effective inhibitor of gut bacteria among six antibiotics tested. gut bacterial activities were essentially suppressed by feeding gentamicin food (30 mg/g) for 10 days. gentamicin-feeding mealworms lost the ability to depolymerize ps and mineralize ps into co2, as determined by characterizing worm fecula and feeding with (13)c-labeled ps. a ps- ... | 2015 | 26390390 |
| is tubulin the sole antigen recognized by a putative anti-bursicon antibody? | a 56-kda polypeptide suspected to be the tanning hormone 'bursicon' was analyzed using the monoclonal antibody (mab) 01c10 of song and ma. we studied the beetle tenebrio molitor, for which data on bursicon have been recently published. after purification by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of brain proteins, the immunoreactive 56-kda polypeptide was trypsinated and microsequenced. the obtained sequences revealed a high homology with alpha- and beta-tubulins. in a complementary study, immunore ... | 1999 | 10327592 |
| chlorpyrifos residue levels in avian food items following applications of a commercial ec formulation to alfalfa and citrus. | two 10-day field residue studies were conducted to measure the amount of chlorpyrifos residue found in typical avian food following applications of a commercial 480 g liter(-1) ec (lorsban 4e) at 1.1 kg ai ha(-1) (1 lb ai acre(-1)) to alfalfa and at 2.3 kg al ha(-1) (2.0 lb ai acre(-1)) to citrus. avian food items used in these studies included: crickets (acheta domestica (l)), earthworms (lumbricus terrestris l), darkling ground beetle larvae (tenebrio molitor l), seed heads (triticum sp), and ... | 2003 | 14620043 |
| gregarina triboliorum (eugregarinida: gregarinidae) n. sp. from tribolium confusum and resolution of the confused taxonomic history of gregarina minuta ishii, 1914. | the septate gregarine parasites of flour beetles (tribolium spp.) include gregarina minuta ishii, 1914, a relatively small species in which both primite and satellite possess an obvious protomerite, and a larger species that lacks the satellite protomerite. the latter species has been placed in the genera didymophyes and hirmocystis by various authors, but studies reported here demonstrate that this species, herein described as gregarina triboliorum, exhibits early pairing and produces oocyst ch ... | 1997 | 9194834 |
| neuropeptides and related nucleic acid sequences detected in peneid shrimps by immunohistochemistry and molecular hybridizations. | the neurosecretory cells in the eyestalks of penaeus indicus and p. vannamei were studied by immunocytochemistry using polyclonal antisera raised against purified homarus americanus neuropeptides. cross-reactions between two h. americanus anti-crustacean hyperglycemic hormone antisera and penaeus neurosecretory material were observed. the specific anti-vitellogenesis inhibiting hormone antiserum only showed an immunological reaction in the nervous tract and the sinus gland of penaeus, suggesting ... | 1994 | 8072696 |
| lightweight males of podisus nigrispinus (heteroptera: pentatomidae) neglect lightweight females due low reproductive fitness. | sexual choice by male stink bugs is important because females that experience food shortages lay fewer eggs with lower viability compared with well-fed females. in this study, we investigated whether podisus nigrispinus (dallas) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) males fed with a low-quality diet during its nymphal stage show selectivity for sexual partners resulting in high-quality progeny. lightweight males and females were obtained from nymphs fed weekly with tenebrio molitor l. (coleoptera: tenebri ... | 2016 | 27599098 |
| an investigation into the chemical composition of alternative invertebrate prey. | the aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of eight invertebrate species and evaluate their suitability as alternative prey. the species selected were rusty red cockroaches (blatta lateralis), six-spotted cockroaches (eublaberus distanti), madagascar hissing cockroaches (gromphadorhina portentosa), fruit flies (drosophila melanogaster), false katydids (microcentrum rhombifolium), beetles of the mealworm (tenebrio molitor), and superworm beetles (zophobas morio), as well as w ... | 2013 | 21442652 |
| an ancestral luciferase in the malpighi tubules of a non-bioluminescent beetle! | the evolutionary origin of beetle bioluminescence is enigmatic. previously, weak luciferase activity was found in the non-bioluminescent larvae of tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae), but the detailed tissular origin and identity of the luciferase-like enzyme remained unknown. using a closely related giant mealworm, zophobas morio, here we show that the luciferase-like enzyme is located in the malpighi tubules. cdna cloning of this luciferase like enzyme, showed that it is a short amp-l ... | 2009 | 19247530 |
| potential role for gut microbiota in cell wall digestion and glucoside detoxification in tenebrio molitor larvae. | tenebrio molitor larvae were successfully reared free of cultivatable gut lumen bacteria, yeasts and fungi using two approaches; aseptic rearing from surface sterilized eggs and by feeding larvae with antibiotic-containing food. insects were reared on a rich-nutrient complete diet or a nutrient-poor refractory diet. a comparison of digestive enzyme activities in germ free and conventional insects containing a gut microbiota did not reveal gross differences in enzymes that degrade cell walls from ... | 2006 | 16600286 |
| how predictable are the behavioral responses of insects to herbivore induced changes in plants? responses of two congeneric thrips to induced cotton plants. | changes in plants following insect attack are referred to as induced responses. these responses are widely viewed as a form of defence against further insect attack. in the current study we explore whether it is possible to make generalizations about induced plant responses given the unpredictability and variability observed in insect-plant interactions. experiments were conducted to test for consistency in the responses of two congeneric thrips, frankliniella schultzei trybom and frankliniella ... | 2013 | 23691075 |