| growth responses of wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. hd 2329) exposed to ambient air pollution under varying fertility regimes. | the problem of urban air pollution has attracted special attention in india due to a tremendous increase in the urban population; motor vehicles vis a vis the extent of energy utilization. field studies were conducted on wheat crops (triticum aestivum l. var. hd 2329) by keeping the pot-grown plants in similar edaphic conditions at nine different sites in allahabad city to quantify the effects of ambient air pollution levels on selected growth and yield parameters. air quality monitoring was don ... | 2003 | 12941977 |
| isolation and identification of actinobacteria from surface-sterilized wheat roots. | this is the first report of filamentous actinobacteria isolated from surface-sterilized root tissues of healthy wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.). wheat roots from a range of sites across south australia were used as the source material for the isolation of the endophytic actinobacteria. roots were surface-sterilized by using ethanol and sodium hypochlorite prior to the isolation of the actinobacteria. forty-nine of these isolates were identified by using 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequencing an ... | 2003 | 12957950 |
| effect of air pollution on peri-urban agriculture: a case study. | peri-urban agriculture is vital for the urban populations of many developing countries. increases in both industrialization and urbanization, and associated air pollution threaten urban food production and its quality. six hour mean concentrations were monitored for so(2), no(2) and o(3) and plant responses were measured in terms of physiological characteristics, pigment, biomass and yield. parameter reductions in mung bean (vigna radiata), palak (beta vulgaris), wheat (triticum aestivum) and mu ... | 2003 | 12963293 |
| cis-jasmone treatment induces resistance in wheat plants against the grain aphid, sitobion avenae (fabricius) (homoptera: aphididae). | cis-jasmone is a plant volatile known to have roles as an insect semiochemical and in inducing plant defence. it was evaluated in laboratory and field trials for control of cereal aphids. in an olfactometer bioassay cis-jasmone was repellent to alatae of the grain aphid, sitobion avenae (fabricius) (homoptera: aphididae). moreover, wheat, triticum aestivum (l), seedlings sprayed with formulated cis-jasmone 24 h previously were less susceptible to attack by s. avenae than control plants. in field ... | 2003 | 12974355 |
| the resistance of twelve varieties of triticum vulgare to erysiphe graminis tritici. | | 1953 | 13093525 |
| additional genes in triticum vulgare for resistance to erysiphe graminis tritici. | | 1954 | 13229838 |
| identification and mapping of genetic loci affecting the free-threshing habit and spike compactness in wheat ( triticum aestivum l.). | recombinant inbred lines of the international triticeae mapping initiative (itmi) mapping population were used to localize genetic loci that affect traits related to the free-threshing habit (percent threshability, glume tenacity, and spike fragility) and to spike morphology (spike length, spikelet number, and spike compactness) of wheat ( triticum aestivum l.). the itmi population was planted in three environments during 1999 and 2000, and phenotypic and genotypic data were used for composite i ... | 2004 | 13679977 |
| assessment of aegilops tauschii for resistance to biotypes of wheat curl mite (acari: eriophyidae). | aegilops tauschii, the wild diploid d-genome progenitor of wheat, triticum aestivum l., is an important source of resistance to several arthropod pests and pathogens. a total of 108 ae. tauschii accessions from different geographic regions were evaluated for resistance to biotypes of the wheat curl mite, aceria tosichella keifer, from kansas, nebraska, and montana. the wheat curl mite is the only vector known to transmit wheat streak mosaic virus. wheat curl mite resistance was detected in germp ... | 2003 | 14503608 |
| lower glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (gip) response but similar glucagon-like peptide 1 (glp-1), glycaemic, and insulinaemic response to ancient wheat compared to modern wheat depends on processing. | to test the hypothesis that bread made from the ancient wheat einkorn (triticum monococcum) reduces the insulin and glucose responses through modulation of the gastrointestinal responses of glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (gip) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (glp-1) compared to the responses to bread of modern wheat (triticum aestivum). | 2003 | 14506486 |
| dissection of quantitative and durable leaf rust resistance in swiss winter wheat reveals a major resistance qtl in the lr34 chromosomal region. | the swiss winter bread wheat cv. 'forno' has a highly effective, durable and quantitative leaf rust ( puccinia triticina eriks.) resistance which is associated with leaf tip necrosis (ltn). we studied 240 single seed descent lines of an 'arinaxforno' f(5:7 )population to identify and map quantitative trait loci (qtls) for leaf rust resistance and ltn. percentage of infected leaf area (%) and the response to infection (ri) were evaluated in seven field trials and were transformed to the area unde ... | 2004 | 14523520 |
| lr41, lr39, and a leaf rust resistance gene from aegilops cylindrica may be allelic and are located on wheat chromosome 2ds. | the leaf rust resistance gene lr41 in wheat germplasm ks90wgrc10 and a resistance gene in wheat breeding line wx93d246-r-1 were transferred to triticum aestivum from aegilops tauschii and ae. cylindrica, respectively. the leaf rust resistance gene in wx93d246-r-1 was located on wheat chromosome 2d by monosomic analysis. molecular marker analysis of f(2) plants from non-critical crosses determined that this gene is 11.2 cm distal to marker xgwm210 on the short arm of 2d. no susceptible plants wer ... | 2004 | 14534751 |
| molecular markers for leaf rust resistance genes in wheat. | over 100 genes of resistance to rust fungi: puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici, (47 lr - leaf rust genes), p. striiformis (18 yr - yellow rust genes) and p. graminis f. sp. tritici (41 sr - stripe rust genes) have been identified in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and its wild relatives according to recent papers. sixteen lr resistance genes have been mapped using restriction fragments length polymorphism (rflp) markers on wheat chromosomes. more than ten lr genes can be identified in breeding mater ... | 2001 | 14564046 |
| [efficient production of wheat alien translocation lines and characterization by molecular cytogenetics]. | the triticum aestivum-leymus mollis and t. aestivum-thinopyrum intermedium translocation lines were induced by gametocidal chromosome 3c derived from aegilops triuncialis and gamma-ray irradiated pollens of a t. aestivum-th. intermedium addition line tai-14 with a lower dosage (10gy), respectively. by genomic in situ hybridization (gish) analysis, three t. aestivum-l. mollis translocation lines (wm-10, wm-43 and wm-47) and three deletion lines (wm-18, wm-43 and wm-44) were selected from 59 f2 pl ... | 2003 | 14579529 |
| characterization of a cysteine protease from wheat triticum aestivum (cv. giza 164). | enzymes, especially proteases, have become an important and indispensable part of the processes used by the modern food and feed industry to produce a large and diversified range of products for human and animal consumption. a cysteine protease, used extensively in the food industry, was purified from germinated wheat triticum aestivum (cv. giza 164) grains through a simple reproducible method consisting of extraction, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. the molecular weight of the e ... | 2004 | 14607490 |
| molecular characterization of a wheat--thinopyrum ponticum partial amphiploid and its derivatives for resistance to leaf rust. | leaf rust (caused by puccinia triticina eriks.) occurs annually in most wheat-growing areas of the world. thinopyrum ponticum (podp.) z.-w. liu & r.-c. wang has provided several leaf rust resistance genes to protect wheat from this fungal disease. three chromosome substitution lines, ji806, ji807, and ji859, and two chromosome addition lines, ji791 and ji924, with a winter growing habit were developed from crosses between wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell.) and the wheat - th. ponticum partia ... | 2003 | 14608407 |
| map-based isolation of the leaf rust disease resistance gene lr10 from the hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genome. | more than 50 leaf rust resistance (lr) genes against the fungal pathogen puccinia triticina have been identified in the wheat gene pool, and a large number of them have been extensively used in breeding. of the 50 lr genes, all are known only from their phenotype and/or map position except for lr21, which was cloned recently. for many years, the problems of molecular work in the large (1.6 x 10(10) bp), highly repetitive (80%), and hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genome have hampere ... | 2003 | 14645721 |
| isolation and characterization of an rip (ribosome-inactivating protein)-like protein from tobacco with dual enzymatic activity. | ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) are n-glycosidases that remove a specific adenine from the sarcin/ricin loop of the large rrna, thus arresting protein synthesis at the translocation step. in the present study, a protein termed tobacco rip (trip) was isolated from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) leaves and purified using ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography in combination with yeast ribosome depurination assays. trip has a molecular mass of 26 kd as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulfate ... | 2004 | 14671015 |
| mycological and mycotoxicological evaluation of grain. | grain storage conditions affect its quality. in lithuania, different types of farms have various harvesting, processing and storing conditions. grain samples were tested from agricultural granaries of 3 different types with different grain storage conditions in lithuania. during march-april in 2001 the investigation on mycological and mycotoxicological state of stored grain from different types of agricultural granaries were performed. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) samples (n = 33) were tested fr ... | 2003 | 14677916 |
| molecular comparison of waxy null alleles in common wheat and identification of a unique null allele. | pcr selection markers for the identification of null waxy alleles were used to screen for waxy mutations in 168 common wheat cultivars. in all cultivars where the wx-b1 protein was absent, the wx-b1 allele was identical to the previously identified mutation carried by kanto 107. although most cultivars missing the wx-a1 protein also carried the same wx-a1 mutation as found in kanto 107, all of the turkey wx-a1 mutants produced a different pcr fragment, implying the presence of a different mutati ... | 2004 | 14689187 |
| willet m. hays, great benefactor to plant breeding and the founder of our association. | willet m. hays was a great benefactor to plant breeding and the founder of the american genetic association (aga). we commemorate the aga's centennial. we mined university archives, u.s. department of agriculture (usda) yearbooks, plant breeding textbooks, scientific periodicals, and descendants for information. willet hays first recognized the individual plant as the unit of selection and started systematic pure-line selection and progeny tests in 1888. he developed useful plant breeding method ... | 2003 | 14691309 |
| concerted action of endogenous and heterologous phytase on phytic acid degradation in seed of transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | expression of heterologous phytases in crops offers a great potential for improving phosphate and mineral bioavailability in food and feed. in this context it is of relevance to describe the concerted action of endogenous and hetrologous phytases on the transgenic seed inositol phosphate profile. here we report metal-dye detection hplc analysis of inositol phosphate degradation in flour from transgenic wheat materials possessing wheat endogenous 6-phytase [ec 3.1.3.26] and aspergillus 3-phytase ... | 2003 | 14713194 |
| genetic diversity in cultivated plants-loss or stability? | human activities like urbanisation, the replacement of traditional agriculture systems by modern industrial methods or the introduction of modern high-yielding varieties may pose a danger to the biological diversity. using microsatellite markers, we analysed samples of cultivated wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) collected over an interval of 40-50 years in four comparable geographical regions of europe and asia. no significant differences in both the total number of alleles per locus and in the pic ... | 2004 | 14740091 |
| genome analysis at different ploidy levels allows cloning of the powdery mildew resistance gene pm3b from hexaploid wheat. | in wheat, race-specific resistance to the fungal pathogen powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) is controlled by the pm genes. there are 10 alleles conferring resistance at the pm3 locus (pm3a to pm3j) on chromosome 1as of hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the genome of hexaploid wheat has a size of 1.6 x 1010 bp and contains more than 80% of repetitive sequences, making positional cloning difficult. here, we demonstrate that the combined analysis of genomes from wheat sp ... | 2004 | 14756761 |
| xip-i, a xylanase inhibitor protein from wheat: a novel protein function. | endo-(1,4)-beta-xylanases of plant and fungal origin play an important role in the degradation of arabinoxylans. two distinct classes of proteinaceous endoxylanase inhibitors, the triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi) and the xylanase inhibitor protein (xip), have been identified in cereals. engineering of proteins in conjunction with enzyme kinetics, thermodynamic, real-time interaction, and x-ray crystallographic studies has provided knowledge on the mechanism of inhibition of xip-i towa ... | 2004 | 14871661 |
| properties of taxi-type endoxylanase inhibitors. | two types of proteinaceous endoxylanase inhibitors occur in different cereals, i.e. the taxi [triticum aestivum endoxylanase inhibitor]-type and xip [endoxylanase inhibiting protein]-type inhibitors. the present paper focuses on the taxi-type proteins and deals with their structural characteristics and the identification, characterisation and heterologous expression of a taxi gene from wheat. in addition, to shed light on the mechanism by which taxi-type endoxylanase inhibitors work, the enzyme ... | 2004 | 14871662 |
| enzymatic hydrolysis of organic phosphorus in swine manure and soil. | organic phosphorus (po) exists in many chemical forms that differ in their susceptibility to hydrolysis and, therefore, bioavailability to plants and microorganisms. identification and quantification of these forms may significantly contribute to effective agricultural p management. phosphatases catalyze reactions that release orthophosphate (pi) from po compounds. alkaline phosphatase in tris-hcl buffer (ph 9.0), wheat (triticum aestivum l.) phytase in potassium acetate buffer (ph 5.0), and nuc ... | 2004 | 14964392 |
| seedling and adult plant resistance to sitobion avenae (hemiptera: aphididae) in triticum monococcum (poaceae), an ancestor of wheat. | cereal aphids are important pests of wheat, triticum aestivum l. and triticum durum desf. crop resistance is a desirable method for managing cereal aphids in central north america, where the dominant crop, spring-sown wheat, has a low value per unit area. a diploid ancestor of wheat, triticum monococcum l., is reported to be partially resistant to sitobion avenae (fabricius), the most damaging cereal aphid in the region. to identify potential sources of resistance, 42 accessions of t. monococcum ... | 2004 | 14972048 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction study of two complexes of a taxi-type xylanase inhibitor with glycoside hydrolase family 11 xylanases from aspergillus niger and bacillus subtilis. | endo-beta-1,4-xylanases hydrolyze arabinoxylan, a major constituent of cereal cell walls, and are nowadays widely used in biotechnological processes. purified complexes of family 11 xylanases from aspergillus niger and bacillus subtilis with taxi i, a taxi-type xylanase inhibitor from triticum aestivum l., were prepared. in both cases the complex was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. the needle-like crystals of taxi i in complex with a. niger xylanase belong to the tri ... | 2004 | 14993691 |
| efficacy of diatomaceous earth to control internal infestations of rice weevil and maize weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae). | densities of 10, 20, and 30 hard red winter wheat kernels, triticum aestivum l., were infested with different life stages of the rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae (l.), mixed with 35 g of wheat treated with 300 ppm of the protect-it (mississauga, ontario, canada) formulation of diatomaceous earth (de), and held at 22, 27, and 32 degrees c. a similar test was conducted by exposing densities of 6, 12, and 18 corn kernels infested with different life stages of the maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais mots ... | 2003 | 14994822 |
| the composition of grain and forage from glyphosate tolerant wheat mon 71800 is equivalent to that of conventional wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | glyphosate tolerant wheat mon 71800, simply referred to as mon 71800, contains a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps) protein from agrobacterium sp. strain cp4 (cp4 epsps) that has a reduced affinity for glyphosate as compared to the endogenous plant epsps enzyme. the purpose of this work was to evaluate the compositional equivalence of mon 71800 to its nontransgenic parent as well as to conventional wheat varieties. the compositional assessment evaluated the levels of proximates, ... | 2004 | 14995149 |
| analysis of the endophytic actinobacterial population in the roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing of 16s rrna clones. | the endophytic actinobacterial population in the roots of wheat grown in three different soils obtained from the southeast part of south australia was investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis of the amplified 16s rrna genes. a new, validated approach was applied to the t-rflp analysis in order to estimate, to the genus level, the actinobacterial population that was identified. actinobacterium-biased primers were used together with three restriction enzy ... | 2004 | 15006805 |
| dwarf bunt: politics, identification, and biology. | dwarf bunt is a disease of wheat caused by the smut fungus tilletia controversa kuhn. winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is the primary host of economic significance. although the total acreage affected by dwarf bunt is small relative to total wheat production worldwide, the disease has assumed attention disproportionate to its economic impact because it has become a matter of contention in world trade in cereals. this review describes the political and economic issues underlying the study and ... | 1996 | 15012535 |
| qtl analysis of resistance to fusarium head blight in swiss winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat is a widespread and destructive disease which occurs in humid and semi-humid areas. fhb epidemics can cause serious yield and quality losses under favorable climatic conditions, but the major concern is the contamination of grains with mycotoxins. resistance to fhb is quantitatively inherited and greatly influenced by the environment. its evaluation is costly and time-consuming. the genetic basis of fhb resistance has mainly been studied in spring wheat. the o ... | 2004 | 15014875 |
| hydrophytes lack potential to exhibit cadmium stress induced enhancement in lipid peroxidation and accumulation of proline. | investigations were carried out to evaluate if hydrophytes (viz. ceratophyllum, wolffia, and hydrilla) can be used as markers to assess the level of heavy metal pollution in aquatic bodies. the potential of these hydrophytes for lipid peroxidation and accumulation of proline in response to cadmium (cd2+) pollution was studied. hydrophytes were raised in artificial pond water (apw) supplemented with various levels of cd2+. interestingly, unlike mesophytes none of the hydrophytes showed ability to ... | 2004 | 15036869 |
| linkage mapping of powdery mildew and greenbug resistance genes on recombinant 1rs from 'amigo' and 'kavkaz' wheat-rye translocations of chromosome 1rs.1al. | cultivated rye (secale cereale l., 2n = 2x = 14, rr) is an important source of genes for insect and disease resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42). rye chromosome arm 1rs of s. cereale 'kavkaz' originally found as a 1bl.1rs translocation, carries genes for disease resistance (e.g., lr26, sr31, yr9, and pm8), while 1rs of the s. cereale 'amigo' translocation (1rsa) carries a single resistance gene for greenbug (schizaphis graminum rondani) biotypes b and c and also carries addit ... | 2004 | 15060581 |
| the transfer and characterization of resistance to common root rot from thinopyrum ponticum to wheat. | common root rot, caused by cochliobolus sativus (ito and kurib) drechs. ex dastur, is a major soil-borne disease of spring and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell.) on the canadian prairies. resistance to common root rot from thinopyrum ponticum (podp.) liu and wang was transferred into wheat via crossing with agrotana, a resistant wheat - th. ponticum partial amphiploid line. evaluation of common root rot reactions showed that selected advanced lines with blue kernel color derived from ... | 2004 | 15060618 |
| deletion and complementation of the mating type (mat) locus of the wheat head blight pathogen gibberella zeae. | gibberella zeae, a self-fertile, haploid filamentous ascomycete, causes serious epidemics of wheat (triticum aestivum) head blight worldwide and contaminates grain with trichothecene mycotoxins. anecdotal evidence dating back to the late 19th century indicates that g. zeae ascospores (sexual spores) are a more important inoculum source than are macroconidia (asexual spores), although the fungus can produce both during wheat head blight epidemics. to develop fungal strains to test this hypothesis ... | 2004 | 15066842 |
| application of experimental design to the development of an hplc method for the analysis of ochratoxin a in triticum aestivum grain. | ochratoxin a is a mycotoxin, a natural product of aspergillus and penicillium species. it can be present in grain from triticum aestivum, (graminae) and other starch-abundant cereals. this paper describes the investigation of ochratoxin a in grain from triticum aestivum using a statistically optimized hplc method. the assay was developed using two mathematical statistical models: factorial design and response surface mapping. the final step was to optimize the values of variables by response sur ... | 2004 | 15074586 |
| both mitogen activated protein kinase and the mammalian target of rapamycin modulate the development of functional renal proximal tubules in matrigel. | tubules may arise during branching morphogenesis through several mechanisms including wrapping, budding, cavitation and cord hollowing. in this report we present evidence that is consistent with renal proximal tubule formation through a process of cord hollowing (a process that requires the concomitant establishment of apicobasal polarity and lumen formation). pockets of lumen filled with lucifer yellow were observed within developing cords of rabbit renal proximal tubule cells in matrigel. the ... | 2004 | 15075242 |
| response of graywater recycling systems based on hydroponic plant growth to three classes of surfactants. | anionic (sodium laureth sulfate, sles), amphoteric (cocamidopropyl betaine, capb) and nonionic (alcohol polyethoxylate, ae) surfactants were added to separate nutrient film technique (nft) hydroponic systems containing dwarf wheat (triticum aestivum cv. usu apogee) in a series of 21 day trials. surfactant was added either in a (1). temporally dynamic mode (1-3 g surfactant m(-2) growing area d(-1)) as effected by automatic addition of a 300 ppm surfactant solution to meet plant water demand, or ... | 2004 | 15087176 |
| effects of open-top chamber fumigations with ozone on three fungal leaf diseases of wheat and the mycoflora of the phyllosphere. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) was exposed in open-top chambers to six different ozone levels (8-h daily means from 12.4 to 122 microg m(-3)), to non-filtered air and to chamberless field conditions for 31 days from seedling stage through ear emergence. powdery mildew (erysiphe graminis dc. f.sp. tritici marchal) which developed during the exposure period was significantly enhanced from 0.3/0.6% (two chamber replicates), 1.2/2.1%, 0.9/2.2% in charcoal-filtered air (cf) to 1.5/1.6% ... | 1991 | 15092102 |
| ozone episodes in southern lower saxony (frg) and their impact on the susceptibility of cereals to fungal pathogens. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and spring barley (hordeum vulgare l.) plants were exposed to simulated ozone (o(3)) episodes (7 h day(-1) for 7 days) at maximum concentrations of 120, 180 and 240 microg m(-3) o(3), in comparison to a charcoal-filtered air control. fumigations were conducted in four closed chambers placed in a climate room. exposures took place prior to inoculation of the plants with six different facultative leaf pathogens. on wheat, significant enhancement of leaf attack b ... | 1990 | 15092225 |
| interactive effects of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on growth and yield of leaf rust-infected versus non-infected wheat. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) was grown from seedling emergence to maturity (129 days) in chambers simulating the physical climate and ozone pollution of a field site in northern germany from 1 april to 31 july with a mean 1-h daily maximum of 61.5-62.4 nl l(-1) ozone compared to a constant low level of 21.5-22.8 nl l(-1) ozone. the two ozone levels were combined with either a current (374.1-380.2 microl l(-1)) or enriched (610.6-615.0 microl l(-1)) co(2) atmosphere. additionally ... | 2000 | 15092930 |
| ntzip antisense plants show reduced chlorophyll levels. | we have isolated and characterized a new photosynthetic tissue-specific gene ntzip (nicotiana tabacum leucine zipper) from tobacco (n. tabacum). its deduced amino acid sequence has two highly conserved regions, leucine zipper and [ex(n)dexrh](2) motifs, which are related to the gene's biochemical functions. ntzip was expressed in leaves and stems, but was not detected in roots or flowers, suggesting that its physiological functions might be associated with photosynthesis. northern blot analysis ... | 2004 | 15120117 |
| economic impact of hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) on spring wheat in oregon and additive yield losses with fusarium crown rot and lesion nematode. | damage caused by hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say), was quantified in spring wheat, triticum aestivum l., trials near pendleton and moro, or, during 2001 and 2002. five field experiments were established to examine genetic resistance to fusarium crown rot, fusarium pseudograminearum (o'donnell & aoki), and economic damage by lesion nematode, pratylenchus neglectus (rensch, 1924) (filipjev schuurmanns & stekhoven, 1941) and pratylenchus thornei (sher & allen, 1941). hessian fly became the d ... | 2004 | 15154461 |
| a physically anchored genetic map and linkage to avirulence reveals recombination suppression over the proximal region of hessian fly chromosome a2. | resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) to the hessian fly (mayetiola destructor), a major insect pest of wheat, is based on a gene-for-gene interaction. close linkage (3 +/- 2 cm) was discovered between hessian fly avirulence genes vh3 and vh5. bulked segregant analysis revealed two dna markers (28-178 and 23-201) within 10 cm of these loci and only 3 +/- 2 cm apart. however, 28-178 was located in the middle of the short arm of hessian fly chromosome a2 whereas 23-201 was located in the middle ... | 2004 | 15166159 |
| structural basis for inhibition of aspergillus niger xylanase by triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor-i. | plants developed a diverse battery of defense mechanisms in response to continual challenges by a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms. their defense arsenal includes inhibitors of cell wall-degrading enzymes, which hinder a possible invasion and colonization by antagonists. the structure of triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor-i (taxi-i), a first member of potent taxi-type inhibitors of fungal and bacterial family 11 xylanases, has been determined to 1.7-a resolution. surprisingly, taxi- ... | 2004 | 15166216 |
| [inheritance of stability of mn81330 common wheat samples to septoria blotch]. | wheat samples described in literature as resistant to septoria glume blotch were assessed for their response to inoculation with septoria nodorum berk. three days after inoculation with the infectious agent, samples klein titan (k-41772), mian jang (k-61568), walter (k-54585), reisler (k-59505), rempart (k-59493), pin/bow (k-62838), mn81330 (k-60785), frondoso (k-46736), sokrates (k-58179) were classified as resistant to infection. seven days after inoculation, only samples reisler and mian jang ... | 2004 | 15174291 |
| the dual nature of the wheat xylanase protein inhibitor xip-i: structural basis for the inhibition of family 10 and family 11 xylanases. | the xylanase inhibitor protein i (xip-i) from wheat triticum aestivum is the prototype of a novel class of cereal protein inhibitors that inhibit fungal xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 10 (gh10) and 11 (gh11). the crystal structures of xip-i in complex with aspergillus nidulans (gh10) and penicillium funiculosum (gh11) xylanases have been solved at 1.7 and 2.5 a resolution, respectively. the inhibition strategy is novel because xip-i possesses two independent enzyme-binding s ... | 2004 | 15181003 |
| phylogeny and expression of paralogous and orthologous sulphate transporter genes in diploid and hexaploid wheats. | twelve genes encoding two closely related subtypes (st1.1a and st1.1b) of a sulphate transporter have been identified in the diploid wheats aegilops tauschii, triticum urartu, and aegilops speltoides, as well as the hexaploid triticum aestivum. based on phylogenetic comparisons with other plant sulphate transporters, the st1.1a and 1.1b subtypes aligned with group 1 of the plant sulphate transporter gene family. the exon-intron structure was conserved within the st1.1a or st1.1b genes; however, ... | 2004 | 15190370 |
| a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique combining dapi staining with image analysis in plants. | in this study, a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique was developed in plants. the technique combined 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) staining with software analysis including three-dimensional imaging after deconvolution. clear multiple and adjacent dapi bands like g-bands were obtained by this technique in the tested species including hordeum vulgare l., oryza officinalis, wall & watt, triticum aestivum l., lilium brownii, brown, and vicia faba l. during mitotic metaphase, the nu ... | 2004 | 15197560 |
| gluten of spelt wheat (triticum aestivum subspecies spelta) as a source of peptides promoting viability and product yield of mouse hybridoma cell cultures. | the enzymic hydrolysate of gluten from spelt wheat (triticum aestivum subsp. spelta), an ancient protein-rich wheat subspecies, was subjected to repeated chromatography runs on the small pore size exclusion chromatography matrix, biogel p-2. two small peptide fractions were purified by rechromatography. the amino acid analyses carried out upon total hydrolysis of these fractions have shown a very high proportion of glutamic acid/glutamine, leucine, and methionine. the biological activity of the ... | 2004 | 15212453 |
| impact of inhibition sensitivity on endoxylanase functionality in wheat flour breadmaking. | a bacillus subtilis endoxylanase (xbs(i)) sensitive to inhibition by triticum aestivum l. endoxylanase inhibitor (taxi) and a mutant thereof (xbs(ni)), uninhibited by taxi, were used in straight-dough breadmaking to assess the importance of endoxylanase inhibition sensitivity on endoxylanase functionality in the process. with two european wheat flours, the loaf volume improving effect of xbs(ni) at much lower enzyme dosages was substantially larger than that brought about by xbs(i). this coincid ... | 2004 | 15212483 |
| aneuploid analyses of three chlorophyll abnormalities in emmer wheat. | of the various chlorophyll abnormalities that occur in polyploid wheats, genetic bases of only two types, chlorina and virescence, are known. here, for the first time, the chromosomal bases of three other chlorophyll abnormalities, striato-virescence, delayed virescence, and albino, which occur in emmer wheat (2n = 4x = 28, genome constitution aabb) are reported. a set of disomic substitution lines of langdon durum was used for chromosome identification. all three abnormalities are controlled by ... | 2004 | 15215675 |
| reduced biodegradation of benzonitrile in soil containing wheat-residue-derived ash. | burning of crop residues is a common agricultural practice that incorporates the resulting particulate matter (ash) of high adsorptivity into soils. to investigate the effect of ash on the biodegradation of pesticides in soils, we measured the sorption, desorption, and biodegradation of benzonitrile in a silt loam in the presence and absence of an ash resulting from burning of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) residue. biodegradation experiments were conducted by inoculating sorbent slurries with a p ... | 2004 | 15224922 |
| uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of spatial predictions of heavy metals in wheat. | heavy metals seriously threaten the health of human beings when they enter the food chain. therefore, policymakers require precise predictions of heavy metal concentrations in agricultural crops. in this paper we quantify the uncertainty of regression predictions of cd and pb in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and the contributions to the uncertainties in these predictions associated with inputs to the regression model. for each node of the 500- x 500-m grid covering the arable soils in the netherl ... | 2004 | 15224924 |
| advanced backcross qtl analysis in progenies derived from a cross between a german elite winter wheat variety and a synthetic wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | we report here the second advanced backcross quantitative trait locus (ab-qtl) analysis carried out in winter wheat. seven agronomic traits were studied in a bc2f1 population derived from a cross between the german winter wheat variety flair and the synthetic wheat line xx86 developed in japan. we selected 111 bc2f1 lines and genotyped these with 197 microsatellite markers. field data for seven agronomic traits were collected from corresponding bc2f3 families that were grown at up to six locatio ... | 2004 | 15243706 |
| identification and genetic characterization of an aegilops tauschii ortholog of the wheat leaf rust disease resistance gene lr1. | aegilops tauschii (goat grass) is the progenitor of the d genome in hexaploid bread wheat. we have screened more than 200 ae. tauschii accessions for resistance against leaf rust (puccinia triticina) isolates,which are avirulent on the leaf rust resistance gene lrl. approximately 3.5% of the ae. tauschii accessions displayed the same low infection type as the tester line thatcher lrl. the accession tr.t. 213, which showed resistance after artificial infection with lrl isolates both in mexico and ... | 2004 | 15258740 |
| spelt (triticum spelta l.) and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) wholemeals have similar sterol profiles, as determined by quantitative liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis. | from a nutritional point of view, cereal lipids include valuable molecules, such as essential fatty acids, phytosterols, and fat-soluble vitamins. spelt (triticum spelta l.) is an alternative hulled bread cereal mostly grown in belgium, where it is mainly intended for animal feed but should increasingly be used for human consumption. the present research focused on phytosterol quantification by lc/apci-ms2 in saponified wholemeal extracts of 16 dehulled spelt and 5 winter wheat (triticum aestivu ... | 2004 | 15264918 |
| the use of microsatellite markers for the detection of genetic similarity among winter bread wheat lines for chromosome 3a. | previous studies with chromosome substitution and recombinant inbred chromosome lines identified that chromosome 3a of wheat cv. wichita contains alleles that influence grain yield, yield components and agronomic performance traits relative to alleles on chromosome 3a of cheyenne, a cultivar believed to be the founder parent of many nebraska developed cultivars. this study was carried out to examine the genetic similarity among wheat cultivars based on the variation in chromosome 3a. forty-eight ... | 2004 | 15290051 |
| high-level expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant wheat xylanase inhibitor taxi-i secreted by the yeast pichia pastoris. | triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor i (taxi-i) is a wheat protein that inhibits microbial xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 11. in the present study, recombinant taxi-i (rtaxi-i) was successfully produced by the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris at high expression levels (approximately 75 mg/l). the rtaxi-i protein was purified from the p. pastoris culture medium using cation exchange and gel filtration chromatographic steps. rtaxi-i has an iso-electric point of at least 9.3 ... | 2004 | 15294279 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of alpha-amylase inhibitor from wheat (triticum aestivum). | crystals of the human salivary alpha-amylase inhibitor from wheat have been obtained. a native data set was collected to 2.1 a resolution with 90% completeness at laboratory sources. the crystals belong to the trigonal system, space group p3(1) (or enantiomer) with a = b = 79.31, c = 60.56 a. crystal density analysis and self-rotation function studies suggest the presence of four subunits in the asymmetric unit. | 1996 | 15299612 |
| application of a new pcr primer for terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the bacterial communities in plant roots. | contamination with plastid small subunit (ssu) rdna is a major drawback when analyzing the bacterial communities of plant roots using culture-independent methods. in this study, a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primer, 783r, was designed and tested to specifically amplify the ssu rdna of various bacterial species without amplifying the ssu rdna of plant plastids. to confirm how useful the community analysis of rhizobacteria is using 783r, the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t ... | 2004 | 15325755 |
| specific detection of fusarium langsethiae and related species by dgge and arms-pcr of a beta-tubulin (tub1) gene fragment. | fusarium langsethiae was recently described as a new toxigenic fusarium species, which morphologically resembles fusarium poae, but exhibits a mycotoxin pattern related to fusarium sporotrichioides. to develop tools for early and specific detection of f. langsethiae and distinguishing it from related species of section sporotrichiella and discolor (f. poae, f. sporotrichioides, fusarium kyushuense, fusarium robustum, fusarium sambucinum and fusarium tumidum) sequence variations in their beta-tub ... | 2004 | 15337597 |
| sequence tagged microsatellites for the xgwm533 locus provide new diagnostic markers to select for the presence of stem rust resistance gene sr2 in bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l.). | the stem rust resistance gene sr2 has provided durable broad-spectrum, adult-plant resistance to the fungal pathogen puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici throughout wheat-growing regions of the world for more than 50 years. the ability to select for sr2 in wheat breeding programs was recently improved by the identification of a tightly linked microsatellite marker gwm533. this marker typically amplifies a 120-bp polymerase chain reaction fragment from wheat lines carrying sr2. in instances whe ... | 2004 | 15340687 |
| microbial products trigger amino acid exudation from plant roots. | plants naturally cycle amino acids across root cell plasma membranes, and any net efflux is termed exudation. the dominant ecological view is that microorganisms and roots passively compete for amino acids in the soil solution, yet the innate capacity of roots to recover amino acids present in ecologically relevant concentrations is unknown. we find that, in the absence of culturable microorganisms, the influx rates of 16 amino acids (each supplied at 2.5 microm) exceed efflux rates by 5% to 545 ... | 2004 | 15347793 |
| aquaporin homologues in plants and mammals transport ammonia. | using functional complementation and a yeast mutant deficient in ammonium (nh4+) transport (deltamep1-3), three wheat (triticum aestivum) tip2 aquaporin homologues were isolated that restored the ability of the mutant to grow when 2 mm nh4+ was supplied as the sole nitrogen source. when expressed in xenopus oocytes, tatip2;1 increased the uptake of nh4+ analogues methylammonium and formamide. furthermore, expression of tatip2;1 increased acidification of the oocyte-bathing medium containing nh4+ ... | 2004 | 15358535 |
| wheat (triticum vulgare) chloroplast nuclease chsi exhibits 5' flap structure-specific endonuclease activity. | the structure-specific chsi nuclease from wheat (triticum vulgare) chloroplast stroma has been previously purified and characterized in our laboratory. it is a single-strand-specific dna and rna endonuclease. although the enzyme has been initially characterized and used as a structural probe, its biological function is still unknown. localization of the chsi enzyme inside chloroplasts, possessing their own dna that is generally highly exposed to uv light and often affected by numerous redox reac ... | 2004 | 15366938 |
| nitrogen fixation in wheat provided by klebsiella pneumoniae 342. | in this report, all of the criteria necessary for the demonstration of nitrogen fixation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the world's most important crop, are shown upon inoculation with a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, klebsiella pneumoniae 342 (kp342). kp342 relieved nitrogen (n) deficiency symptoms and increased total n and n concentration in the plant. nitrogen fixation was confirmed by 15n isotope dilution in the plant tissue and in a plant product, chlorophyll. all of these observations were i ... | 2004 | 15497400 |
| the pyridoxal kinase gene tapdxk from wheat complements vitamin b6 synthesis-defective escherichia coli. | pyridoxal kinase (ec 2.7.1.35) is a key enzyme in the conversion of vitamin b6 to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp). plp is the crucial cofactor required by numerous enzymes involved in amino acids metabolism. recently, studies with arabidopsis salt overly sensitive 4 mutants demonstrated that pyridoxal kinase is a novel salt tolerance determinant important for the regulation of na+ and k+ homeostasis in plants. we describe here the tapdxk gene which encodes a pyridoxal kinase, cloned from triticum a ... | 2004 | 15499907 |
| retention and phytoavailability of radioniobium in soils. | radioniobium is present in long-lived nuclear waste as a result of the activation of zirconium pellets associated with the nuclear fuel. the behaviour of niobium (nb) in the environment and especially its fate in the soil-plant system has not been thoroughly investigated so far. in safety assessment of french long-lived nuclear waste disposal, data concerning the mobility and the bioavailability of nb in soils are needed as well as general trends of its fate in the specific environment around th ... | 2005 | 15511567 |
| group 3 chromosome bin maps of wheat and their relationship to rice chromosome 1. | the focus of this study was to analyze the content, distribution, and comparative genome relationships of 996 chromosome bin-mapped expressed sequence tags (ests) accounting for 2266 restriction fragments (loci) on the homoeologous group 3 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). of these loci, 634, 884, and 748 were mapped on chromosomes 3a, 3b, and 3d, respectively. the individual chromosome bin maps revealed bins with a high density of mapped ests in the distal region and bins o ... | 2004 | 15514041 |
| new taxi-type xylanase inhibitor genes are inducible by pathogens and wounding in hexaploid wheat. | taxi-i (triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor i) is a wheat grain protein that inhibits arabinoxylan fragmentation by microbial endo-beta-1,4-xylanases used in the food industry. although taxi was speculated to be involved in counterattack against pathogens, there is actually no evidence to support this hypothesis. we have now demonstrated the presence of taxi family members with isolation of two mrna species, taxi-iii and taxi-iv. at the nucleotide sequence level, taxi-iii and taxi-iv were 91.7% ... | 2004 | 15564518 |
| drought controls on h2o2 accumulation, catalase (cat) activity and cat gene expression in wheat. | plants co-ordinate information derived from many diverse external and internal signals to ensure appropriate control of gene expression under optimal and stress conditions. in this work, the relationships between catalase (cat) and h2o2 during drought in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are studied. drought-induced h2o2 accumulation correlated with decreases in soil water content and co2 assimilation. leaf h2o2 content increased even though total cat activity doubled under severe drought conditions. ... | 2005 | 15569704 |
| use of the mobile nylon bag technique to determine the digestible energy content of traditional and non-traditional feeds for swine. | the following experiment was conducted using the mobile nylon bag technique (mnbt) to determine dry matter and energy digestibility in traditional feeds as well as non-traditional feeds in order to calculate digestible energy (de) values for use in ration formulation programmes. a total of 22 ingredients were tested in this experiment including the traditional cereal grains barley, corn, oats and wheat, as well as secondary cereal grains such as normal and low viscosity rye, low lignin and high ... | 2004 | 15570743 |
| marker-assisted selection for leaf rust resistance genes lr19 and lr24 in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | leaf rust caused by puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici is a wheat disease of worldwide importance. wheat genotypes known to carry specific rust resistance genes and segregating lines that originated from various cross combinations and derived from distinct f2 lineage, so as to represent a diverse genetic background, were included in the present study for validation of molecular markers for lr19 and lr24. sts markers detected the presence of the leaf rust resistance gene lr19 in a thatcher nil (tc* ... | 2004 | 15586436 |
| novel mode of resistance to fusarium infection by a mild dose pre-exposure of cadmium in wheat. | exposure of healthy wheat seeds (triticum aestivum var sonalika) to mild dose of cadmium (cd(2+)) given as 50 microm cdcl(2) for 48 h and then washed off cd(2+) offered resistance to the subsequent infection by fusarium oxysporum inoculum. seven days old seedlings having two primary leaves were aseptically inoculated with fungus, f. oxysporum (1 x 10(6)) spores. the seedlings pre-exposed to low level of cd(2+) survived the fusarium infection, while plantlets without cd(2+) stress wilted and then ... | 2004 | 15596097 |
| [change in lectin specificity of winter wheat seedlings in the course of infection with mycoplasms]. | the activity of soluble lectins in leaves and roots of seedlings of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar mironovskaya 808 increased 1 day and 2 days, respectively, after infection with the mycoplasma acholeplasma laidlawii 118. analysis of acid-soluble proteins of wheat leaves by page revealed the appearance of 22- and 20-kda polypeptides, the disappearance of a 14-kda polypeptide, and an increase in the content of polypeptides with molecular weights of 76, 48, 25, and 18 kda. the 18-kda ... | 2004 | 15609859 |
| [nuclear and cytoplasmic genome analysis of somatic hybrid of triticum aestivum l. and leymus chinensis (trin.) tzvel]. | intergeneric somatic hybrids were obtained by fusion between protoplasts of triticum aestivum l. cv. jinan 177 and leymus chinensis (trin.) tzvel. protoplasts of l. chinensis were exposed to uv (300 microw/cm(2)) for 30 s, 45 s and 1 min before fusion. the results of morphological and chromosomal observation, isozyme pattern as well as rapd analysis and the 5s rdna space sequence analysis showed the hybrid nature of the regenerated colonies of fusion combination t (+) l (uv 30 s). restriction fr ... | 2004 | 15627685 |
| identification of oligopeptidase b in higher plants. purification and characterization of oligopeptidase b from quiescent wheat embryo, triticum aestivum. | proteolytic enzymes in general, and cysteine proteases in particular, play key roles in seed germination and early seedling growth. however, the precise mechanism by which the serine proteases are regulated remains unclear. trypsin-like activity was detected in wheat germ (quiescent embryo) and this activity increased in the germinating embryo. in this work, a trypsin-like serine protease expressed in wheat germ was purified to homogeneity by chromatography through deae-cellulose, phenyl-sepharo ... | 2004 | 15632308 |
| molecular characterization of a gene encoding n-myristoyl transferase (nmt) from triticum aestivum (bread wheat). | myristoyl-coa:protein n-myristoyl transferase (nmt; ec 2.3.1.97) acylates the gly residue abutting the n-terminal met with a myristic acid following the removal of the met residue in certain eukaryotic proteins, and in some cases myristoylation is essential to cell growth and survival. we report the cloning of a full-length cdna encoding nmt from triticum aestivum (tanmt). the cdna included a predicted open reading frame of 1317 nucleotides, which encoded a predicted protein of 438 amino acids c ... | 2004 | 15644961 |
| genetic mapping of three alleles at the pm3 locus conferring powdery mildew resistance in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a set of differential isolates of blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici was used to identify 10 alleles at the pm3 locus on the short arm of chromosome 1a. three f3 populations were used to map pm3h in abessi, pm3i in line n324, and pm3j alleles in gus 122 relative to microsatellite markers. in total, 13 marker loci were mapped on chromosome 1as and 1 marker on 1al. the order of marker loci in the 3 mapping populations is consistent with previously published maps. all 3 alleles were mapped in the dist ... | 2004 | 15644971 |
| variation in barley yellow dwarf virus transmission efficiency by rhopalosiphum padi (homoptera: aphididae) after acquisition from transgenic and nontransformed wheat genotypes. | the effects of different acquisition access periods (aaps) and inoculation access periods (iaps) on the transmission efficiency of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (bydv) by rhopalosiphum padi (l.) (homoptera: aphididae) after feeding on transgenic or nontransformed wheat, triticum aestivum l., genotypes were studied. three wheat genotypes were tested as virus sources: virus-susceptible 'lambert' and 'lambert'-derived transgenic lines 103.1j and 126.02, which express the bydv-pav coat protein gene ... | 2004 | 15666729 |
| scanning electron microscopy of fusarium damaged kernels of spring wheat. | kernels of five wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum) of different bread-making quality were examined. grown under field conditions, heads of wheat were inoculated in the flowering stage with an aqueous suspension of fusarium culmorum conidia. wheat heads were collected from the control and inoculated plots at full maturity. control (non-inoculated) kernels without any symptoms of disease and fusarium damaged kernels (fdk) were examined under scanning electron microscopy (sem). examination of the ... | 2005 | 15681039 |
| long oligonucleotide microarrays in wheat: evaluation of hybridization signal amplification and an oligonucleotide-design computer script. | a computer script was written in the perl language to design equal-length long oligonucleotides from dna sequences. the script allows the user to specify g + c content, melting temperature, self-complementarity, the maximum number of contiguous duplicate bases, whether to start with the first start codon and whether to report reverse complements. microarrays were fabricated with 95 oligonucleotides (60 mers) representing 41 genes. the microarray was interrogated with cdna from roots and shoots o ... | 2005 | 15682265 |
| inheritance of fusarium head blight resistance in the soft red winter wheat ernie. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe [telomorph:gibberella zeae schw. (petch)], is an increasingly important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). host-plant resistance is considered to be the most economical means of control, but a lack of unique sources of resistance has hindered efforts to breed resistant varieties. the soft red winter wheat, ernie, has moderately high fhb resistance and is widely used in u.s. breeding programs; however, the genetics of resist ... | 2004 | 15712009 |
| wheat leaf photosynthesis loss due to leaf rust, with respect to lesion development and leaf nitrogen status. | in wheat (triticum aestivum cv. soissons) plants grown under three different fertilisation treatments, we quantified the effect of leaf rust (puccinia triticina) on flag leaf photosynthesis during the whole sporulation period. bastiaans' model: y = (1 - x)beta was used to characterize the relationship between relative leaf photosynthesis (y) and disease severity (x). the evolution of the different types of symptoms induced by the pathogen (sporulating, chlorotic and necrosed tissues) was evaluat ... | 2005 | 15720636 |
| the application of bioassays as indicators of petroleum-contaminated soil remediation. | bioremediation has proven successful in numerous applications to petroleum contaminated soils. however, questions remain as to the efficiency of bioremediation in lowering long-term soil toxicity. in the present study, the bioassays spirotox, microtox, ostracodtoxkit f, umu-test with s-9 activation, and plant assays were applied, and compared to evaluate bioremediation processes in heavily petroleum contaminated soils. six higher plant species (secale cereale l., lactuca sativa l., zea mays l., ... | 2005 | 15722101 |
| induction of wheat defense and stress-related genes in response to fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by species of the fungus fusarium, is a worldwide disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the chinese t. aestivum 'ning7840' is one of few wheat cultivars with resistance to fhb. to identify differentially expressed genes corresponding to fhb resistance, a cdna library was constructed using pooled mrna isolated from glumes of 'ning7840' harvested at 2, 6, 12, 24, 36, 72, and 96 h after inoculation (hai) with a conidia spore suspension of fusarium graminearum. ... | 2005 | 15729394 |
| mapping of genes expressed in fusarium graminearum-infected heads of wheat cultivar 'frontana'. | the isolation, physical, and genetic mapping of a group of wheat genes expressed in infected heads of triticum aestivum 'frontana' resistant to fusarium head blight is reported. a cdna library was built from heads of 'frontana' through suppressive subtractive hybridization, to enrich for sequences induced by the pathogen fusarium graminearum during infection. a group of 1794 clones was screened by dot blot hybridization for differential gene expression following infection. twenty of these clones ... | 2005 | 15729400 |
| inheritance and qtl analysis of durable resistance to stripe and leaf rusts in an australian cultivar, triticum aestivum 'cook'. | an f4-derived f6 recombinant inbred line population (n = 148) of a cross between the durable stripe (yellow) rust (caused by puccinia striiformis) and leaf (brown) rust (caused by puccinia triticina) resistant cultivar, triticum aestivum 'cook', and susceptible genotype avocet-yra was phenotyped at several locations in canada and mexico under artificial epidemics of leaf or stripe rusts and genotyped using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and microsatellite markers. durable adult pl ... | 2005 | 15729401 |
| manganese toxicity thresholds for restoration grass species. | manganese toxicity thresholds for restoration plants have not been established. as a result, ecological risk assessments rely on toxicity thresholds for agronomic species, which may differ from those of restoration species. our objective was to provide mn toxicity thresholds for grasses commonly used in restoration. we used a greenhouse screening study where seedlings of redtop, slender wheatgrass, tufted hairgrass, big bluegrass, basin wildrye, and common wheat were grown in sand culture and ex ... | 2005 | 15734591 |
| a novel dwarfing mutation in a green revolution gene from brassica rapa. | mutations in the biosynthesis or signaling pathways of gibberellin (ga) can cause dwarfing phenotypes in plants, and the use of such mutations in plant breeding was a major factor in the success of the green revolution. della proteins are ga signaling repressors whose functions are conserved in different plant species. recent studies show that ga promotes stem growth by causing degradation of della proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. the most widely utilized dwarfing alleles in wheat ... | 2005 | 15734906 |
| first report of phoma sorghina (sacc.) boerema dorenbosch & van kest on wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l.) in argentina. | a new disease caused by phoma sorghina has been detected for the first time on wheat plants in the province of buenos aires, argentina. the pathogen was isolated from wheat leaves growing under field conditions, cultured on pda and identified by its morphobiometric and cultural characters. the disease symptoms and morphological characters of the pathogen are described. pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed by inoculating 10 wheat cultivars under greenhouse conditions. | 2005 | 15750734 |
| wheat cytogenetics in the genomics era and its relevance to breeding. | hexaploid wheat is a species that has been subjected to most extensive cytogenetic studies. this has contributed to understanding the mechanism of the evolution of polyploids involving diploidization through genetic restriction of chromosome pairing to only homologous chromosomes. the availability of a variety of aneuploids and the ph mutants (ph1 and ph2) in bread wheat also allowed chromosome manipulations leading to the development of alien addition/substitution lines and the introgression of ... | 2005 | 15753592 |
| modeling carbon and nitrogen transformations for adjustment of compost application with nitrogen uptake by wheat. | environmentally sound management of the use of composts in agriculture relies on matching the rate of release of available n from compost-amended soils to the crop demand. to develop such management it is necessary to (i) characterize the properties of composts that control their rates of decomposition and release of n and (ii) determine the optimal amount of composts that should be applied annually to wheat (triticum aestivum l.). carbon and n mineralization were measured under controlled condi ... | 2005 | 15758119 |
| expression of fission yeast cdc25 driven by the wheat adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit promoter reduces pollen viability and prevents transmission of the transgene in wheat. | cell number was to be measured in wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm expressing spcdc25 (a fission yeast cell-cycle regulator) controlled by a supposedly endosperm-specific promoter, agp2 (from the large subunit of adp glucose pyrophosphorylase). wheat was transformed by biolistics either with agp2::gus or agp2::spcdc25. pcr and rt-pcr checked integration and expression of the transgene, respectively. in cv. chinese spring, agp2::gus was unexpectedly expressed in carpels and pollen, as well as ... | 2005 | 15760362 |
| evidence for the plasma membrane localization of al-activated malate transporter (almt1). | aluminum (al)-activated malate transporter (almt1) was recently identified from wheat (triticum aestivum). heterologous expression of almt1 led to higher malate exudation that is associated with enhanced al tolerance in transgenic plants. here, we show the first direct evidence that almt1 is localized in the plasma membrane of al-tolerant wheat. phase partitioning experiments showed that this transporter was associated with the plasma membrane fraction. almt1 was detected in an al-tolerant wheat ... | 2005 | 15769806 |
| antioxidant activity of commercial soft and hard wheat (triticum aestivum l.) as affected by gastric ph conditions. | phenolic compounds from soft and hard wheat and their milling fractions were extracted into distilled deionized water, and their in vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated. wheat samples were used as such (nontreated) or subjected to ph adjustment (treated) in order to simulate gastrointestinal ph conditions. the total phenolic content (tpc) was determined using folin-ciocalteu's procedure. the total antioxidant activity (taa) was determined using trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay ... | 2005 | 15796575 |
| developmental changes in the metabolic protein profiles of wheat endosperm. | a combined two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-mass spectrometry approach was utilized to identify over 250 proteins of wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. butte 86) starchy endosperm that participate in 13 biochemical processes: atp interconversion reactions, carbohydrate metabolism, cell division, cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, protein synthesis/assembly, protein turnover, signal transduction, protein storage, stress/defense, transcription/translation, and transport. endospe ... | 2005 | 15800972 |