| regulation of biosynthesis and intracellular localization of rice and tobacco homologues of nucleosome assembly protein 1. | the nucleosome assembly protein 1 (nap1) is considered to be a conserved histone chaperone, facilitating the assembly of nucleosomes in all eukaryotes. however, studies in yeast and animal cells also indicated that nap1 proteins have diverse functions likely independent of nucleosome-assembly activity. here, we describe the isolation and characterization of cdnas encoding nap1-like proteins from the monocotyledon rice ( oryza sativa l.) and the dicotyledon tobacco ( nicotiana tabacum l.). northe ... | 2003 | 12569397 |
| expression and localization of human lysozyme in the endosperm of transgenic rice. | in order to understand the characteristics of recombinant protein expression and sublocalization in rice ( oryza sativa l.) endosperm, we examined the expression level of human lysozyme protein and its subcellular location in transgenic rice seeds driven by rice glutelin and globulin promoters and signal peptides. a time course of human lysozyme expression during endosperm development was analyzed. the results showed that the expression profile of recombinant protein accumulation in endosperm pa ... | 2003 | 12569401 |
| molecular cloning, characterization, expression and chromosomal location of osgapdh, a submergence responsive gene in rice ( oryza sativa l.). | differential clones from submergence stress and control treatment from rice seedlings were isolated by the differential screening method. one of the clones, osgapdh, represented a gene that was expressed at high level during 12-h submergence. a homology search of genbank databases showed that osgapdh had significant sequence homology with maize non-reversible glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. the osgapdh sequence consists of 1,772 bp with the longest open reading frame encoding 499 amino ... | 2002 | 12582559 |
| overexpression of the wasabi defensin gene confers enhanced resistance to blast fungus ( magnaporthe grisea) in transgenic rice. | transgenic rice ( oryza sativa cv. sasanishiki) overexpressing the wasabi defensin gene, a plant defensin effective against the rice blast fungus, was generated by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. twenty-two t2 homozygous lines harboring the wasabi defensin gene were challenged by the blast fungus. transformants exhibited resistance to rice blast at various levels. the inheritance of the resistance over generations was investigated. t3 plants derived from two highly blast-resis ... | 2002 | 12582903 |
| genetic dissection of seed shattering, agronomic, and color traits in american wildrice ( zizania palustris var. interior l.) with a comparative map. | a comparative map of american wildrice ( zizania palustris var. interior l.) was used to identify loci controlling seed shattering, plant height, maturity, tiller number, plant habit, panicle length seed length, and color traits. two to six significant quantitative-trait-loci (qtls, p < 0.05) were detected for each trait evaluated, representing the first trait-mapping in wildrice. the chosen population was designed to emphasize the mapping of loci controlling the shattering trait, which is the m ... | 2002 | 12582936 |
| expression of a bifunctional fusion of the escherichia coli genes for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase in transgenic rice plants increases trehalose accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance without stunting growth. | trehalose plays an important role in stress tolerance in plants. trehalose-producing, transgenic rice (oryza sativa) plants were generated by the introduction of a gene encoding a bifunctional fusion (tpsp) of the trehalose-6-phosphate (t-6-p) synthase (tps) and t-6-p phosphatase (tpp) of escherichia coli, under the control of the maize (zea mays) ubiquitin promoter (ubi1). the high catalytic efficiency (seo et al., 2000) of the fusion enzyme and the single-gene engineering strategy make this an ... | 2003 | 12586876 |
| the promoter of a rice glycine-rich protein gene, osgrp-2, confers vascular-specific expression in transgenic plants. | the genomic sequence of a rice (oryza sativa l.) glycine-rich protein (grp) gene, designated osgrp-2, has been previously determined (genbank u40708). primer extension analysis indicated that transcription starts 47 bp upstream of the translation start codon. to gain an insight into the transcriptional regulation of this gene, the 2,401-bp promoter sequence and a series of its 5' deletions were transcriptionally fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene. gus activity was subsequently assayed in ... | 2003 | 12624770 |
| chronopathological aspects of disease incidence in rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice seedlings maintained under uncontrolled glasshouse conditions were inoculated with conidial suspensions of a fungal pathogen, helminthosporium oryzae, at various times during the 24h. significant increase in the percent germination and germ tube length of conidia were observed in the rice samples inoculated at 02:00 and 06:00h. the 24 h temporal variation in leaf temperature was positively correlated with variation in stomatal movements. the results indicate a 24 h rhythm in the behavior of ... | 2003 | 12638692 |
| [in silico cloning of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cdna from rice (oryza sativa l.)]. | in silico cloning was a new strategy of gene cloning developed with the development of genome, est projects and bioinformatics. using wheat glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cdna (clone: tagpdl) sequence as a querying probe, one highly homologous bac clone sequence was obtained from rice sequence database of genbank and the putative cdna sequence of rice glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was assembled according to the wheat clone. furthermore, the full-length cdna of rice glucose-6-phosphate deh ... | 2002 | 12645266 |
| transgenic expression of trypsin inhibitor cme from barley in indica and japonica rice, confers resistance to the rice weevil sitophilus oryzae. | indica and japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) plants were transformed by particle bombardment with the itr1 gene encoding the barley trypsin inhibitor bti-cme, under the control of its own promoter that confers endosperm specificity, and the maize ubiquitin promoter. from 38 independent transgenic lines of indica (breeding line ir58) and 15 of the japonica (cv senia) selected, 22 and 11, respectively, expressed the barley inhibitor at detectable levels. the transgene was correctly translated as ind ... | 2003 | 12650522 |
| highly efficient production and characterization of t-dna plants for rice ( oryza sativa l.) functional genomics. | we investigated the potential of an improved agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation procedure of japonica rice ( oryza sativa l.) for generating large numbers of t-dna plants that are required for functional analysis of this model genome. using a t-dna construct bearing the hygromycin resistance ( hpt), green fluorescent protein ( gfp) and beta-glucuronidase ( gusa) genes, each individually driven by a camv 35s promoter, we established a highly efficient seed-embryo callus transformat ... | 2003 | 12677401 |
| high resolution genetic mapping and candidate gene identification at the xa5 locus for bacterial blight resistance in rice ( oryza sativa l.). | the xa5 resistance gene from rice provides recessive, race-specific resistance to bacterial blight of rice caused by the pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. a high-resolution genetic map of the chromosomal region surrounding xa5 was developed by placing 44 dna markers on the distal end of rice chromosome 5. the basis for mapping was a pcr-based screening of 1,016 f(2) individuals derived from a cross between a near-isogenic line (nil) and its corresponding recurrent parent to identify recombi ... | 2003 | 12677405 |
| heat-tolerant basmati rice engineered by over-expression of hsp101. | rice is sensitive to high-temperature stress at almost all the stages of its growth and development. considering the crucial role of heat shock protein 101 (hsp 101) in imparting thermotolerance to cells, we introduced arabidopsis thaliana hsp101 (athsp101) cdna into the pusa basmati 1 cultivar of rice (oryza sativa l.) by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. stable integration and expression of the transgene into the rice genome was demonstrated by southern, northern and western blot analyses ... | 2003 | 12678556 |
| "chitin-specific" peroxidases in plants. | the activity of various plant peroxidases and the ability of their individual isoforms to bind chitin was studied. some increase in peroxidase activity was observed in crude extracts in the presence of chitin. activated peroxidases of some species fell in the fraction not sorbed on chitin and those of other species can bind chitin. only anionic isoperoxidases from oat (avena sativa), rice (oryza sativa), horseradish (armoracia rusticana), garden radish (raphanus sativus var. radicula), peanut (a ... | 2003 | 12693984 |
| digestion rate of legume carbohydrates and glycemic index of legume-based meals. | a study was performed to examine the rate of digestion of available carbohydrate in legumes and its mixtures with cereals, prepared as commonly eaten. the legumes and cereals studied were lentil (lens sculenta), pea (pisum sativum), bean (phaseolus vulgaris, var tortola), rice (oryza sativa) and spaghetti. foods were purchased at the city market. total starch content and the carbohydrate digestion rates were determined using the enzymatic method proposed by englyst et al. total starch levels ran ... | 2003 | 12701368 |
| characterization of rice functional monosaccharide transporter, osmst5. | cdna of a monosaccharide transporter in rice, osmst5 (oryza sativa monosaccharide transporter 5) was cloned and its sugar transport activity was characterized by heterologous expression analysis. the amino acid sequence and topology were similar to the sequences and topology of other plant monosaccharide transporters. yeast cells co-expressed with osmst5 cdna transported some monosaccharide substrates. the transport rate increased when ethanol as an electron donor was added, so the transporter w ... | 2003 | 12723603 |
| cdna cloning of a rab5 homologue in babesia gibsoni. | for studying protein trafficking in babesia-infected erythrocyte, we describe the cloning of a rab5, one of molecular marker for vesicle trafficking in eukaryotic cells, gene homologue in babesia gibsoni (bgrab5). the full-length cdna of bgrab5 is 1,020 bp long with an open reading frame encoding a protein of 220 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence of bgrab5 contained the highly conserved gtp-binding consensus sequence and shares about 40% homology with that of rab5 from plasmodium falc ... | 2003 | 12736436 |
| expression of novel rice gibberellin 2-oxidase gene is under homeostatic regulation by biologically active gibberellins. | we have cloned two genes for gibberellin (ga) 2-oxidase from rice ( oryza sativa l.). expression of osga2ox2 was not observed. the other gene, osga2ox3, was expressed in every tissue examined and was enhanced by the application of biologically active ga. recombinant osga2ox3 protein catalyzed the metabolism of ga(1) to ga(8) and ga(20) to ga(29)-catabolite. these results indicate that osga2ox3 is involved in the homeostatic regulation of the endogenous level of biologically active ga in rice. | 2003 | 12736788 |
| isolation and functional characterization of the c-terminus of rice phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase in vitro. | a partial rice (oryza sativa l.) cdna clone, ospi4k1c, was isolated through screening of a cdna library constructed from tillering materials. ospi4k1c encoded a peptide of 608 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 68.4 kda. the ospi4k1c peptide shared high homology and possessed the highly conserved domains present in most isolated cloned pi4-kinases, i.e. a lipid kinase unique (lku) domain and a catalytic (cat) domain. a region with similarity to pleckstrin homology (ph) domain was pr ... | 2003 | 12737521 |
| cloning and prokaryotic expression of a cdna encoding a putative mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase in oryza sativa. | malate dehydrogenase (mdh) has been characterized as a key player in oxaloacetate (oaa) biosynthesis mechanism in citrate acid cycle that generates reducing powers for further assimilation in the whole cell. here we present the cloning, characterization and prokaryotic expression of a putative mdh (osmmdh) in oryza sativa. sequence alignment shows that there is a high homology between the deduced amino acid sequence of osmmdh and mdh portein in eucalyptus gunnii (80%), as well as between the ded ... | 2003 | 12751334 |
| the promoter of a metallothionein-like gene from the tropical tree casuarina glauca is active in both annual dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. | a chimeric gene consisting of the beta-glucuronidase (gusa) reporter gene under the control of the metallothionein-like promoter cgmt1 from the tropical tree casuarina glauca was introduced into nicotiana tabacum via agrobacterium tumefaciens and into oryza sativa by particle bombardment. the strongest histochemical staining for gus activity was observed in the root system of the transgenic plants, and especially in lateral roots. in contrast, a relatively low level of reporter gene expression w ... | 2003 | 12779116 |
| identification and expression analysis of a gene encoding a bacterial-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from arabidopsis and rice. | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) is distributed in plants and bacteria but is not found in fungi and animal cells. important motifs for enzyme activity and structure are conserved in plant and bacterial pepcs, with the exception of a phosphorylation domain present at the n terminus of all plant pepcs reported so far, which is absent in the bacterial enzymes. here, we describe a gene from arabidopsis, stated as atppc4, encoding a pepc, which shows more similarity to escherichia coli than to ... | 2003 | 12805623 |
| [a study on introduction of chitinase gene and beta-1,3-glucanase gene into restorer line of dian-type hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.) and enhanced resistance to blast (magnaporthe grisea)]. | plasmid pblgc containing chitinase gene from phaseolus limensis and beta-1,3-glucanase gene from nicotiana tabacum was bombarded into the restorer line "nan29" of dian-type hybrid rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica) from yunnan province of south-west china. 93 regenerants were obtained from the calli that were resistant to g418 (100 to 150 mg/l) on nb medium. using beta-1,3 glucanase gene as the probe, 17 of the regenerants were identified to be transgenic lines by dot blotting and the foreign ... | 2003 | 12812057 |
| structure, heterologous expression, and properties of rice (oryza sativa l.) family 19 chitinases. | we identified four new family 19 chitinases in oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare: one class i (oschia1d), two class ii (oschia2a and oschia2b), and one class iv (oschia4a). oschia2a resembled (about 60% identity) the catalytic domains of class i chitinases, but oschia2b was almost identical (95% identity) to that of the class iv enzyme. oschia1c, oschia1c deltacbd (a deletion of oschia1c lacking a chitin-binding domain, cbd), and oschia2b were separately expressed and purified in pichia pastoris. o ... | 2003 | 12834284 |
| improvement of rice (oryza sativa l.) seed oil quality through introduction of a soybean microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene. | microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase is an essential enzyme in the production of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid during the seed developing stage. we have constructed a chimeric gene consisting of a maize ubi1-p-int and a soybean gmfad3 cdna, which was introduced into rice plants by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. ten transformants containing the chimeric gene were established and expression subsequently confirmed by northern blotting. furthermore, alpha-linole ... | 2003 | 12835909 |
| genetic variations of aa genome oryza species measured by mite-aflp. | mites (miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements) are the major transposable elements in oryza species. we have applied the mite-aflp technique to study the genetic variation and species relationship in the aa-genome oryza species. high polymorphism was detected within and between species. the genetic variation in the cultivated species, oryza sativa and oryza glaberrima, was comparatively lower than in their ancestral wild species. in comparison between geographical lineages of the aa gen ... | 2003 | 12845436 |
| mapping qtls influencing rice floral morphology using recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between oryza sativa l. and oryza rufipogon griff. | to understand the genetic basis of floral traits associated with the mating system in rice, we analyzed pistil, stamen and glume traits using a recombinant inbred line population, derived from a cross between an asian cultivated rice ( oryza sativa l.), pei-kuh, and a wild rice ( oryza rufipogon griff.), w1944. quantitative trait loci (qtls) affecting floral morphology were detected by composite interval mapping using a linkage map constructed using 147 markers, mostly rflps. a total of 7, 4, 14 ... | 2003 | 12845437 |
| distinct expression and function of three ammonium transporter genes (osamt1;1-1;3) in rice. | to study the regulation of ammonium uptake into rice roots, three ammonium transporter genes (osamt1;1, 1;2 and 1;3; oryza sativa ammonium transporter) were isolated and examined. osamt1s belong to amt1 family, containing 11 putative transmembrane-spanning domains. southern blot analysis and screening of the rice genome database confirmed that with osamt1;1-1;3 the complete amt1 family of rice had been isolated. heterologous expression of osamt1s in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant 3101 ... | 2003 | 12881500 |
| cloning, characterization and functional expression of a new beta-d-fructofuranosidase (os beta fruct2) cdna from oryza sativa. | a new cdna (os beta fruct2) encoding an acid beta-d-fructofuranosidase from rice has been cloned, sequenced and expressed in pichia pastoris. the full-length cdna is 2453 base pairs long and encodes a pre-pro-protein of 682 amino acids. the cdna fragment coding for mature enzyme was sub-cloned into vector ppiczalphaa for extracellular expression in the methylotrophic yeast. the recombinant product was purified by ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose column and biochemically characterized. the enzy ... | 2003 | 12882270 |
| soil properties and crop productivity as influenced by flyash incorporation in soil. | field experiments were carried out during 1996-97 at gulawathi, muthiani and salarpur villages, iari farm, new delhi and ncpp campus, dadri to evaluate changes in soil characteristics and growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), mustard (brassica juncea l.), lentil (lence esculenta moench.), rice (oryza sativa l.) and maize (zea mays l.) by varying amounts of flyash addition (up to 50t ha(-1)) in soils at sowing/transplanting time of crops. flyash addition in areas adjoining ncpp thermal power pl ... | 2003 | 12889638 |
| comparative genetics at the gene and chromosome levels between rice ( oryza sativa) and wildrice ( zizania palustris). | using comparative genetics, genes, repetitive dna sequences and chromosomes were studied in the oryzeae in order to more fully exploit the rice genome sequence data. of particular focus was zizania palustris l., n = 15, commonly known as american wildrice. previous work has shown that rice chromosomes 1, 4 and 9 are duplicated in wildrice. the adh1 and adh2 genes were sequenced and, based on phylogenetic analyses, found to be duplicated in wildrice. the majority of the sequence diversity in the ... | 2003 | 12904864 |
| alteration of floral organ identity in rice through ectopic expression of osmads16. | we used a transgenic approach and yeast two-hybrid experiments to study the role of the rice ( oryza sativa l.) b-function mads-box gene, osmads16. transgenic rice plants were generated that ectopically expressed osmads16 under the control of the maize ( zea mays l.) ubiquitin1 promoter. microscopic observations revealed that the innermost-whorl carpels had been replaced by stamen-like organs, which resembled the flowers of the previously described arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. mutation super ... | 2003 | 12905025 |
| a tobacco (nicotiana tabaccum) calmodulin-binding protein kinase, ntcbk2, is regulated differentially by calmodulin isoforms. | a calcium (ca2+)/calmodulin (cam)-binding protein kinase (cbk) from tobacco (nicotiana tabaccum ), ntcbk2, has been characterized molecularly and biochemically. ntcbk2 has all 11 conserved subdomains of the kinase-catalytic domain and a cam-binding site as shown by other kinases, including ca2+-dependent protein kinase and chimaeric ca2+/cam-dependent protein kinases. however, this kinase does not contain an ef-hand motif for ca2+ binding, and its activity was not regulated by ca2+. whereas ntcb ... | 2003 | 12911329 |
| hyperphosphorylation of a mitochondrial protein, prohibitin, is induced by calyculin a in a rice lesion-mimic mutant cdr1. | the rice (oryza sativa) lesion-mimic mutants, cell death and resistance (cdr), show spontaneous cell death on the entire leaf and exhibited significant resistance to the rice blast fungus. our previous studies showed that cdr1 and cdr2 genes negatively regulated the phosphorylation steps leading to the activation of nadph oxidase, which is associated with oxidative burst. to identify novel factors involved in the phosphorylation steps, the phosphorylation level of total proteins was compared bet ... | 2003 | 12913143 |
| bwmk1, a rice mitogen-activated protein kinase, locates in the nucleus and mediates pathogenesis-related gene expression by activation of a transcription factor. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades are known to transduce plant defense signals, but the downstream components of the mapk have as yet not been elucidated. here, we report an mapk from rice (oryza sativa), bwmk1, and a transcription factor, oserebp1, phosphorylated by the kinase. the mapk carries a tdy phosphorylation motif instead of the more common tey motif in its kinase domain and has an unusually extended c-terminal domain that is essential to its kinase activity and transloca ... | 2003 | 12913152 |
| activation of hypersensitive response genes in the absence of pathogens in transgenic tobacco plants expressing a rice small gtpase. | transgenic tobacco ( nicotiana tabacum l.) plants constitutively expressing a rice ( oryza sativa l.) gene encoding a small gtpase, rgp1, showed marked resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) infection compared with the wild type [h. sano et al. (1994) proc natl acad sci usa 91:10556-10560]. in order to examine the gene expression profile, the temperature-shift method was adopted to hyper-activate the n-gene inducing the hypersensitive response (hr), and transcripts of 11 representative hr gene ... | 2003 | 12937984 |
| golden indica and japonica rice lines amenable to deregulation. | as an important step toward free access and, thus, impact of goldenrice, a freedom-to-operate situation has been achieved for developing countries for the technology involved. specifically, to carry the invention beyond its initial "proof-of-concept" status in a japonica rice (oryza sativa) cultivar, we report here on two transformed elite indica varieties (ir64 and mtl250) plus one japonica variety taipei 309. indica varieties are predominantly consumed in the areas with vitamin a deficiency. t ... | 2003 | 12970483 |
| functional dissections between gamyb and dof transcription factors suggest a role for protein-protein associations in the gibberellin-mediated expression of the ramy1a gene in the rice aleurone. | in the germinated cereal aleurone layer, gibberellic acids (ga) induce expression of a number of genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes that participate in the mobilization of stored molecules. previous analyses suggest that the key events controlling the ga-regulated gene expression in the aleurone are formation of active transcription machinery referred to as the ga responsive complex, followed by recruiting gamyb. in general, bipartite promoter contexts composed of the ga-responsive element and th ... | 2003 | 14500792 |
| a comparative study of genetic relationships among the aa-genome oryza species using rapd and ssr markers. | in order to estimate genetic relationships of the aa-genome oryza species, rapd and ssr analyses were performed with 45 accessions, including 13 cultivated varieties (eight oryza sativa and five oryza glaberrima) and 32 wild accessions (nine oryza rufipogon, seven oryza nivara, three oryza glumaepatula, four oryza longistaminata, six oryza barthii, and three oryza meridionalis). a total of 181 clear and repeatable bands were amplified from 27 selected rapd primers, and 101 alleles were detected ... | 2003 | 14504744 |
| generation and flanking sequence analysis of a rice t-dna tagged population. | insertional mutagenesis provides a rapid way to clone a mutated gene. transfer dna (t-dna) of agrobacterium tumefaciens has been proven to be a successful tool for gene discovery in arabidopsis and rice ( oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica). here, we report the generation of 5,200 independent t-dna tagged rice lines. the t-dna insertion pattern in the rice genome was investigated, and an initial database was constructed based on t-dna flanking sequences amplified from randomly selected t-dna tagged r ... | 2004 | 14504746 |
| influence and persistence of phorate and carbofuran insecticides on microorganisms in rice field. | an experiment was conducted in microplots (4 m x 4 m) with two insecticides, phorate and carbofuran at rates of 1.5 and 1.0 kga.i.ha(-1) respectively, to investigate its effect on the population and distribution of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi as well as the persistence of the insecticidal residues in rhizosphere soils of rice (oryza sativa l., variety ir-50). application of the insecticides stimulated the population of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the rhizosphere soils, and the sti ... | 2003 | 14505726 |
| plant-specific regulation of replication protein a2 (osrpa2) from rice during the cell cycle and in response to ultraviolet light exposure. | dna replication is a process that is highly conserved among eukaryotes. nonetheless, little is known about the proteins involved in it in plants. replication protein a (rpa) is a heterotrimeric, single-stranded dna-binding protein with several functions in dna metabolism in humans and yeast and supposedly also in plants. here we report on the regulation of osrpa2, the 32-kda subunit of rpa from rice ( oryza sativa l.). we found conserved regulation mechanisms at the level of gene expression betw ... | 2003 | 14520573 |
| functional characterization of two flap endonuclease-1 homologues in rice. | flap endonuclease-1 (fen-1) is an important enzyme involved in dna replication and repair. previously, we isolated and characterized a complementary dna (cdna) from rice (oryza sativa) encoding a protein which shows homology with the eukaryotic flap endonuclease-1 (fen-1). in this report, we found that rice (o. sativa l. cv. nipponbare) possessed two fen-1 homologues designated as osfen-1a and osfen-1b. the osfen-1a and osfen-1b genes were mapped to chromosome 5 and 3, respectively. both genes c ... | 2003 | 14527718 |
| residues in internal repeats of the rice cation/h+ exchanger are involved in the transport and selection of cations. | in plants, the cation/h+ exchanger (cax) translocates ca2+ and other metal ions into vacuoles using the h+ gradient formed by h+-atpase and h+-pyrophosphatase. such exchangers carrying 11 transmembrane domains (tms) have been isolated from plants, yeast, and bacteria. in this study, multiple sequence alignment of several caxs revealed the presence of highly conserved 36-residue regions between tm3 and tm4 and between tm8 and tm9. these two repetitive motifs are designated repeats c-1 and c-2. us ... | 2004 | 14561741 |
| analysis of the transcriptional response to rice yellow mottle virus infection in oryza sativa indica and japonica cultivars. | several cdna libraries were constructed using mrna isolated from roots, panicles, cell suspensions and leaves of non-stressed oryza sativa indica (ir64) and japonica (azucena) plants, from wounded leaves, and from leaves of both cultivars inoculated with rice yellow mottle virus (rymv). a total of 5549 cleaned expressed sequence tags (ests) were generated from these libraries. they were classified into functional categories on the basis of homology, and analyzed for redundancy within each librar ... | 2003 | 14564505 |
| gene flow from cultivated rice (oryza sativa) to its weedy and wild relatives. | transgene escape through gene flow from genetically modified (gm) crops to their wild relative species may potentially cause environmental biosafety problems. the aim of this study was to assess the extent of gene flow between cultivated rice and two of its close relatives under field conditions. | 2004 | 14602665 |
| degradation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen by 26s proteasome in rice (oryza sativa l.). | to study whether metabolic control of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) during the cell cycle is similar to that of associated protein factors, two-hybrid analysis with pcna from rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) was performed. pcna interacted with rice rpt6, which is the atpase subunit of 26s proteasome, both in vitro and in vivo, and the degradation of pcna was disrupted by the proteasome in vivo. the tissue-specific expression pattern of the transcripts of rpt6 and pcna suggested ... | 2004 | 14618323 |
| importance of ascorbate peroxidases osapx1 and osapx2 in the rice pathogen response pathways and growth and reproduction revealed by their transcriptional profiling. | we have identified and characterized two rice ascorbate peroxidase (osapx1 and osapx2) genes against diverse signals known to involve in defense/stress responses, using "2-week-old rice seedling in vitro model system". oryza sativa ascorbate peroxidase 1 and 2 (osapx1/2) share 83% similarity to each other at amino acid level and belong to a small gene family in the rice genome. osapx1/2 show a weak constitutive expression in leaves. their transcripts were up-regulated upon wounding (by cut), and ... | 2003 | 14644501 |
| evolutionarily conserved cytoprotection provided by bax inhibitor-1 homologs from animals, plants, and yeast. | programmed cell death (pcd) plays important roles in the development and physiology of both animals and plants, but it is unclear whether similar mechanisms are employed. bax inhibitor-1 (bi-1) is an intracellular multi-membrane-spanning protein and cell death inhibitor, originally identified by a function-based screen for mammalian cdnas capable of suppressing cell death in yeast engineered to ectopically express the pro-apoptotic protein bax. using this yeast assay, we screened expression libr ... | 2003 | 14659883 |
| proteome analysis of hairy root from panax ginseng c.a. meyer using peptide fingerprinting, internal sequencing and expressed sequence tag data. | as an initial step to the comprehensive proteomic analysis of panax ginseng c. a. meyer, protein mixtures extracted from the cultured hairy root of panax ginseng were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-de). the protein spots were analyzed and identified by peptide finger printing and internal amino acid sequencing by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and electrospray ionization quadrupole-time of flight mas ... | 2003 | 14673788 |
| preliminary study on a gravity-insensitive rice mutant. | a gravity-insensitive mutant was isolated from rice (oryza sativa l. cv. zhonghua 11) transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens. the mutant's shoot growth (prostrate growth) was insensitive to gravity; whereas root growth displayed a normal positive gravitropism. histological observation of root caps and leaf sheaths indicated that there was no significant difference in the number and size of amyloplasts in cells of the mutant and cells of the wild type. | 2004 | 14674024 |
| biogeochemistry of fluoride in a plant-solution system. | fluoride (f-) pollutants can harm plants and the animals feeding on them. however, it is largely unknown how complexing and chelating agents affect f bioavailability. two studies were conducted that measured f- bioavailability and uptake by rice (oryza sativa l.). in the first study, rice was grown in solution culture (ph 5.0) with 0, 2, or 4 mm f- as kf to compare the interaction of f- with humic acid (ha) and with a conventional chelating agent, n-hydroxyethylenthylenediaminetriacetic acid (he ... | 2003 | 14674546 |
| expression and purification of the recombinant salt lectin from rice (oryza sativa l.). | the salt protein is a 14.5 kda mannose-binding lectin, originally described as preferentially expressed in rice plant roots in response to nacl stress. recombinant salt lectin was produced in escherichia coli from a cdna clone encoding protein. after isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside induction, the expression level achieved was 23% of the soluble protein. the recombinant agglutinin was purified by a single-step process by dialyses against a high concentrated salt solution. after purificatio ... | 2004 | 14680959 |
| bgi-ris: an integrated information resource and comparative analysis workbench for rice genomics. | rice is a major food staple for the world's population and serves as a model species in cereal genome research. the beijing genomics institute (bgi) has long been devoting itself to sequencing, information analysis and biological research of the rice and other crop genomes. in order to facilitate the application of the rice genomic information and to provide a foundation for functional and evolutionary studies of other important cereal crops, we implemented our rice information system (bgi-ris), ... | 2004 | 14681438 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel rice ca2+-regulated protein kinase gene involved in responses to diverse signals including cold, light, cytokinins, sugars and salts. | we have isolated a cold-inducible gene (designated osck1) from oryza sativa by a differential cdna screening technique. sequence analysis indicated that the open reading frame of the osck1 gene consists of 1350 bp encoding 449 amino acid residues, which is very similar to a family of calcineurin b-like protein (cbl)-interacting protein kinases (cipks) or salt overly sensitive 2 (sos2)-like protein kinases (pks) in arabidopsis. cipks/pks are a group of ser/thr protein kinases associated with the ... | 2003 | 14682618 |
| establishing an efficient ac/ds tagging system in rice: large-scale analysis of ds flanking sequences. | a two-element activator/dissociation (ac/ds) gene trap system was successfully established in rice (oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. nipponbare) to generate a collection of stable, unlinked and single-copy ds transposants. the germinal transposition frequency of ds was estimated as an average of 51% by analyzing 4413 families. study of ds transposition pattern in siblings revealed that 79% had at least two different insertions, suggesting late transposition during rice development. analysis of 205 ... | 2004 | 14690513 |
| prediction of protein subcellular locations using fuzzy k-nn method. | protein localization data are a valuable information resource helpful in elucidating protein functions. it is highly desirable to predict a protein's subcellular locations automatically from its sequence. | 2004 | 14693804 |
| domain structures of chlorophyllide a oxygenase of green plants and prochlorothrix hollandica in relation to catalytic functions. | chlorophyll b is a photosynthetic antenna pigment found in prochlorophytes and chlorophytes. in chlorophytes, its biosynthesis regulates the photosynthetic antenna size. chlorophyll b is synthesized from chlorophyll a in a two-step oxygenation reaction by chlorophyllide a oxygenase (cao). in this study, we first identified the entire sequence of a prochlorophyte cao gene from prochlorothrix hollandica to compare it with those from chlorophytes, and we examined the catalytic activity of the gene ... | 2004 | 14716565 |
| an auxin-inducible gene from loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.) is differentially expressed in mature and juvenile-phase shoots and encodes a putative transmembrane protein. | we have isolated a gene from loblolly pine, 5ng4, that is highly and specifically induced by auxin in juvenile loblolly pine shoots prior to adventitious root formation, but substantially down-regulated in physiologically mature shoots that are adventitious rooting incompetent. 5ng4 was highly auxin-induced in roots, stems and hypocotyls, organs that can form either lateral or adventitious roots following an auxin treatment, but was not induced to the same level in needles and cotyledons, organs ... | 2004 | 14722770 |
| fitness estimation through performance comparison of f1 hybrids with their parental species oryza rufipogon and o. sativa. | introgression of crop genes into populations of wild relatives has important implications for germplasm conservation as well as for the persistence of novel transgenes in wild populations. studies of hybrid fitness can be used to evaluate the potential for introgression to occur following episodes of interspecific hybridization. | 2004 | 14724120 |
| a novel family of transporters mediating the transport of glutathione derivatives in plants. | uptake and compartmentation of reduced glutathione (gsh), oxidized glutathione (gssg), and glutathione conjugates are important for many functions including sulfur transport, resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses, and developmental processes. complementation of a yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant (hgt1) deficient in glutathione transport was used to characterize a glutathione transporter cdna (osgt1) from rice (oryza sativa). the 2.58-kb full-length cdna (af393848, gi 27497095), w ... | 2004 | 14730075 |
| transcript abundance of rml1, encoding a putative gt1-like factor in rice, is up-regulated by magnaporthe grisea and down-regulated by light. | we isolated and sequenced both genomic dna and cdna clones, which encoded a putative gt1-like protein with 385 amino acids, from cultivated rice (oryza sativa ssp. indica). this protein shows significant amino acid sequence similarities with trihelix dna-binding gt-1a/b2f and gt-1 factors that were identified in dicot plants. northern blotting analysis indicated that the transcript of the rice gt-1 factor in seedling was up-regulated by the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea, down-regulated by ... | 2004 | 14693376 |
| a large-scale agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure with a strong positive-negative selection for gene targeting in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a large-scale transformation procedure handling an adequate number of stable transformants with highly efficient positive-negative selection is a necessary prerequisite to successful gene targeting by homologous recombination, as the integration of a transgene by somatic homologous recombination in higher plants has been reported to be 10(-3) to 10(-5) compared with random integration by non-homologous end joining. we established an efficient and large-scale agrobacterium-mediated rice transform ... | 2004 | 14740168 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of three genes encoding starch synthase ii in rice. | three starch synthase (ss) genes, osssii-1, osssii-2 and osssii-3, were identified in rice (oryza sativa l.) and localized to chromosomes 10, 2 and 6, respectively. the three osssii full-length cdnas were cloned, and the predicted amino acid sequences were found to share 52-73% similarity with other members of the plant ssii family. the ss activity of each osssii was confirmed by expression and enzyme activity assay in escherichia coli. expression profile analysis revealed that osssii-1 was expr ... | 2004 | 14740212 |
| joint effects of elevated levels of ultraviolet-b radiation, carbon dioxide and ozone on plants. | there is growing interest regarding the joint effects of elevated levels of surface ultraviolet b (uv-b) radiation, carbon dioxide (co2) and ozone (o3) on plants. our current knowledge of this subject is too limited to draw any specific conclusions, although one might state that such effects are likely to be highly species dependent and may be more than additive, additive or less than additive. there are a number of uncertainties associated with the experimental protocols used and the conclusion ... | 2003 | 14743861 |
| molecular characterization of a light-responsive gene, breast basic conserved protein 1 (osibbc1), encoding nuclear-localized protein homologous to ribosomal protein l13 from oryza sativa indica. | rice (oryza sativa l. subsp. indica) cdna for the gene osibbc1, encoding homologue of the breast basic conserved protein 1 (bbc1), similar to ribosomal protein l13, has been identified and characterized. osibbc1 codes for a 24 kda highly basic protein with two potential bipartite nuclear localization signals (nls) and a transcriptional activation domain (tad). the structural part of the gene is interrupted by four introns. the osibbc1 gene is represented by two copies in the rice genome and both ... | 2004 | 14746913 |
| identification of rice (oryza sativa) proteins linked to the cyclin-mediated regulation of the cell cycle. | yeast two-hybrid assays were used to identify rice proteins interacting with two rice cyclins and other proteins potentially involved in cell cycling. the dna sequences encoding 119 protein fragments identified were then compared by blast against proteins in genbank. the proteins found include myosin-like proteins, transcription factors, kinesins, centromere proteins and undefined proteins. based on interactions with cyclins and other elements required for cycling, we believe the undefined prote ... | 2003 | 14750518 |
| the osfor1 gene encodes a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) that regulates floral organ number in rice. | we have isolated a cdna clone, osfor1, from the immature panicles of rice. the osfor1 (oryza sativa floral organ regulator 1) gene encodes a protein that contains a leucine-rich repeat (lrr) domain. this domain comprises 10 tandem repeats of a canonical 24-amino acid lrr sequence. the structure and the number of lrrs for osfor1 are similar to those of polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) from various other plant species. moreover, the osfor1 recombinant protein, when fused to maltose-bi ... | 2003 | 14750524 |
| characterization of all the subunits of replication factor c from a higher plant, rice (oryza sativa l.), and their relation to development. | replication factor c (rfc), which is composed of five subunits, is an important factor involved in dna replication and repair mechanisms. following previous studies on the rfc3 homologue from rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) (osrfc3), we succeeded in isolating and characterizing one large and three small subunits of rfc homologues from the same rice species and termed them osrfc1, osrfc2, osrfc4 and osrfc5. the plant was found to have all rfc subunits known in yeasts, human and other eukary ... | 2003 | 14756303 |
| arsenic concentrations in rice, vegetables, and fish in bangladesh: a preliminary study. | arsenic contaminating groundwater in bangladesh is one of the largest environmental health hazards in the world. because of the potential risk to human health through consumption of agricultural produce grown in fields irrigated with arsenic contaminated water, we have determined the level of contamination in 100 samples of crop, vegetables and fresh water fish collected from three different regions in bangladesh. arsenic concentrations were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spe ... | 2004 | 14987870 |
| function, intracellular localization and the importance in salt tolerance of a vacuolar na(+)/h(+) antiporter from rice. | we examined the function and intracellular localization of the product of the na(+)/h(+) antiporter gene (osnhx1) cloned from rice (oryza sativa). osnhx1 has the ability to suppress na(+), li(+) and hygromycin sensitivity of yeast nhx1 mutants and sensitivity to a high k(+) concentration, a novel phenotype of the nhx1 mutants. analysis using rice cells expressing a fusion protein of osnhx1 and green fluorescent protein and western blot analysis using antibodies specific for osnhx1 confirmed the ... | 2004 | 14988485 |
| cestrum yellow leaf curling virus (cmylcv) promoter: a new strong constitutive promoter for heterologous gene expression in a wide variety of crops. | appropriately regulated gene expression requires a suitable promoter. a number of promoters have been isolated and shown to be functional in plants, but only a few of them activate transcription of transgenes at high levels constitutively. we report here the cloning and characterization of a novel, constitutively expressed promoter isolated from cestrum yellow leaf curling virus (cmylcv), a double-stranded dna plant pararetrovirus belonging to the caulimoviridae family. the cmylcv promoter is hi ... | 2003 | 15010605 |
| a novel salt-tolerant l-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase from porteresia coarctata (roxb.) tateoka, a halophytic wild rice: molecular cloning, bacterial overexpression, characterization, and functional introgression into tobacco-conferring salt tolerance phenotype. | l-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (ec 5.5.1.4, mips), an evolutionarily conserved enzyme protein, catalyzes the synthesis of inositol, which is implicated in a number of metabolic reactions in the biological kingdom. here we report on the isolation of the gene (pino1) for a novel salt-tolerant mips from the wild halophytic rice, porteresia coarctata (roxb.) tateoka. identity of the pino1 gene was confirmed by functional complementation in a yeast inositol auxotrophic strain. comparison of the ... | 2004 | 15016817 |
| robust-longsage (rl-sage): a substantially improved longsage method for gene discovery and transcriptome analysis. | serial analysis of gene expression (sage) is a widely used technique for large-scale transcriptome analysis in mammalian systems. recently, a modified version called longsage (s. saha, a.b. sparks, c. rago, v. akmaev, c.j. wang, b. vogelstein, k.w. kinzler [2002] nat biotechnol 20: 508-512) was reported by increasing tag length up to 21 bp. although the procedures for these two methods are similar, a detailed protocol for longsage library construction has not been reported yet, and several techn ... | 2004 | 15020752 |
| marker-assisted pyramiding of brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stål) resistance genes bph1 and bph2 on rice chromosome 12. | brown planthopper (bph) (nilaparvata lugens stål) is a significant insect pest of rice (oryza sativa l.). we constructed a gene-pyramided japonica line, in which two bph resistance genes bph1 and bph2 on the long arm of chromosome 12 independently derived from two indica resistance lines were combined through the recombinant selection. the gene-pyramiding was achieved based on the previously constructed high-resolution linkage maps of the two genes. two co-dominant and four dominant pcr-based ma ... | 2004 | 15032948 |
| an improved prediction of chloroplast proteins reveals diversities and commonalities in the chloroplast proteomes of arabidopsis and rice. | proteins that form part of the chloroplast proteome can be identified by computational prediction of the n-terminal presequences (chloroplast transit peptides, ctps) of their cytoplasmic precursor proteins. the accuracy of four different ctp predictors has been evaluated on a test set of 4500 proteins whose subcellular localization is known, and was found to be substantially lower than previously reported. a combination of ctp prediction programs was superior to any one of the predictors alone. ... | 2004 | 15033524 |
| new insights into the evolutionary history of type 1 rhodopsins. | type 1 (archaeal) rhodopsins and related rhodopsin-like proteins had been described in a few halophile archaea, gamma-proteobacteria, a single cyanobacteria, some fungi, and a green alga. in exhaustive database searches, we detected rhodopsin-related sequences derived not only from additional fungal species but also from organisms belonging to three groups in which opsins had hitherto not been described: the alpha-proteobacterium magnetospirillum magnetotacticum, the cryptomonad alga guillardia ... | 2004 | 15045490 |
| strong expression of the rice catalase gene catb promoter in protoplasts and roots of both a monocot and dicots. | the rice (oryza sativa l.) catalase (ec 1.11.1.6) gene catb is expressed in roots and cultured cells. we examined the promoter activity of its 5'-flanking region in a monocot and in two dicots. transient expression assays in rice oc and tobacco by-2 suspension cell protoplasts showed that catb's 5'-flanking dna fragments (nucleotides -1066 to +298) had about 20 and 3-4 times as much promoter activity, respectively, as the camv 35s promoter. serial deletion analyses of the catb promoter region re ... | 2004 | 15051048 |
| effects of microcystins on the growth and the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase of rape (brassica napus l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.). | microcystins are naturally occurring hepatotoxic cyclic heptapeptides produced by some toxic freshwater cyanobacterial species. in this study, crude extract of toxic cyanobacterial blooms from dianchi lake in southwestern china was used to determine the effects of microcystins on rape (brassica napus l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.). experiments were carried out on a range of doses of the extract (equivalent to 0, 0.024, 0.12, 0.6 and 3 microg mc-lr/ml). investigations showed that exposure to micr ... | 2004 | 15051402 |
| molecular characterization of osrad21-1, a rice homologue of yeast rad21 essential for mitotic chromosome cohesion. | rad21/rec8 is an important component and key regulator of cohesins. a rad21-like gene from rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica) has been cloned and termed osrad21-1. osrad21-1 is a single-copy gene in the rice genome and is expressed in the entire plant. osrad21-1 consists of 1055 amino acid residues and is the largest of the rad21/rec8 family identified to date. based on sequence similarity comparison with other members of this family and gene expression patterns, it is concluded that osrad21 i ... | 2004 | 15073216 |
| jittery, a mutator distant relative with a paradoxical mobile behavior: excision without reinsertion. | the unstable mutation bz-m039 arose in a maize (zea mays) stock that originated from a plant infected with barley stripe mosaic virus. the instability of the mutation is caused by a 3.9-kb mobile element that has been named jittery (jit). jit has terminal inverted repeats (tirs) of 181 bp, causes a 9-bp direct duplication of the target site, and appears to excise autonomously. it is predicted to encode a single 709-amino acid protein, jita, which is distantly related to the mura transposase prot ... | 2004 | 15075398 |
| cyanidin and malvidin from oryza sativa cv. heugjinjubyeo mediate cytotoxicity against human monocytic leukemia cells by arrest of g(2)/m phase and induction of apoptosis. | oryza sativa cv. heugjinjubyeo (gramineae), anthocyanin-pigmented rice, having dark purple grains, is known broadly as enriched rice with an improved taste. two bioactive compounds were isolated from the 0.5% hcl-ethyl alcohol soluble fraction of the aleurone layer of o. sativa cv. heugjinjubyeo through an activity-monitored fractionation and isolation method. from spectral analysis, the cytotoxic components were the anthocyanidins cyanidin (1) and malvidin (2) the 50% growth inhibitory concentr ... | 2004 | 15080622 |
| effects of ddt on the growth of crop plants. | the effects of ddt on the germination and growth of plants were studied using many crop species. of the species tested, oil-rich seeds of plants, such as peanut (arachis hypogaea) and mustard (brassica juncea), were more prone to ddt induced inhibition of germination and subsequent plant growth than cereals, pulses and fibre crops, like rice (oryza sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), mung bean vigna radiata), pigeon pea (cajanus cajan) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum). studies with (14)c labelled ... | 1989 | 15092369 |
| beta-glucosidase, exo-beta-glucanase and pyridoxine transglucosylase activities of rice bglu1. | the bglu1 cdna for a beta-glucosidase cloned from rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings was expressed as a soluble and active protein in escherichia coli and designated bglu1. this enzyme hydrolysed beta-1,4-linked oligosaccharides with increasing catalytic efficiency (kcat/km) values as the dp (degree of polymerization) increased from 2 to 6. in contrast, hydrolysis of beta-1,3-linked oligosaccharides decreased from dp 2 to 3, and polymers with a dp greater than 3 were not hydrolysed. the enzyme als ... | 2004 | 14692878 |
| high-resolution genetic mapping of xa27(t), a new bacterial blight resistance gene in rice, oryza sativa l. | bacterial blight of rice, caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( xoo) (ishyama) dye, is one of the serious diseases prevalent throughout asia. in a previous study, a resistance ( r) locus was transferred from the tetraploid wild rice oryza minuta to the cultivated rice species, oryza sativa l. here, we report the fine genetic mapping of the r locus, tentatively designated as xa27(t). we performed disease evaluation with an xa27(t) near-isogenic line, irbb27, testing 35 xoo strains collected f ... | 2004 | 15118822 |
| functional analyses of the flowering time gene osmads50, the putative suppressor of overexpression of co 1/agamous-like 20 (soc1/agl20) ortholog in rice. | a late-flowering mutant was isolated from rice t-dna-tagging lines. t-dna had been integrated into the k-box region of oryza sativa mads50 (osmads50), which shares 50.6% amino acid identity with the arabidopsis mads-box gene suppressor of overexpression of co 1/agamous-like 20 (soc1/agl20). while overexpression of osmads50 caused extremely early flowering at the callus stage, osmads50 rnai plants exhibited phenotypes of late flowering and an increase in the number of elongated internodes. this c ... | 2004 | 15144377 |
| is it possible to detect echinochloa spp. tolerance to accase-inhibiting herbicides using a simple quick tolerance test? | the objective of this work was to evaluate the reliability of one quick tolerance test that would enable us, in only six days, to quantify tolerance levels of one biotype to one or more herbicides. for this purpose, we evaluated tolerance levels to cyhalofop-butyl of five echinochloa spp. biotypes: muricata, crus-galli, crus-pavonis, oryzicola and utilis, with unknown records of herbicide treatment. moreover, two biotypes of echinochloa phyllopogon were tested, one of them resistant (r) to fenox ... | 2003 | 15149127 |
| photochemical properties of the flavin mononucleotide-binding domains of the phototropins from arabidopsis, rice, and chlamydomonas reinhardtii. | phototropins (phot1 and phot2, formerly designated nph1 and npl1) are blue-light receptors that mediate phototropism, blue light-induced chloroplast relocation, and blue light-induced stomatal opening in arabidopsis. phototropins contain two light, oxygen, or voltage (lov) domains at their n termini (lov1 and lov2), each a binding site for the chromophore flavin mononucleotide (fmn). their c termini contain a serine/threonine protein kinase domain. here, we examine the kinetic properties of the ... | 2002 | 12068117 |
| inducibility by pathogen attack and developmental regulation of the rice ltp1 gene. | using a genomic clone encoding a rice lipid transfer protein, ltp1, we analysed the activity of the 5' region of the ltp1 gene in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) during plant development and under pathogen attack. the -1176/+13, -556/+13 and -284/+13 regions of the promoter were fused upstream from the uida reporter gene and nos 3' polyadenylation signal, resulting in the pdelta1176gus, pdelta556gus and pdelta284gus constructs which were transferred to rice by microprojectile bombardment. hist ... | 2002 | 12081375 |
| [identification of a snorna47 gene cluster in oryza sativa]. | small nucleolar rnas (snornas) are required for ribose 2'-o-methylation of eukaryotic ribosomal rna. by researching in international rice genome databases, a snorna gene cluster, consisting of three box c/d snorna gene candidates, was found on chromosome 6. all of snorna coding sequences in this cluster exhibited the characteristic structure of box c/d antisense snorna. they shared conserved box c and box d motifs, a stable terminal stem formed by a 4-6 nt-long inverted repetition sequence locat ... | 2002 | 12198574 |
| inventory and functional characterization of the hak potassium transporters of rice. | plants take up large amounts of k(+) from the soil solution and distribute it to the cells of all organs, where it fulfills important physiological functions. transport of k(+) from the soil solution to its final destination is mediated by channels and transporters. to better understand k(+) movements in plants, we intended to characterize the function of the large kt-hak-kup family of transporters in rice (oryza sativa cv nipponbare). by searching in databases and cdna cloning, we have identifi ... | 2002 | 12376644 |
| metabolism of homocysteine-thiolactone in plants. | editing of the amino acid homocysteine (hcy) by certain aminoacyl-trna synthetases results in the formation of an intramolecular thioester, hcy-thiolactone. here we show that the plant yellow lupin, lupinus luteus, has the ability to synthesize hcy-thiolactone. the inhibition of methylation of hcy to methionine by the anitifolate drug aminopterin results in greatly enhanced synthesis of hcy-thiolactone by l. luteus plants. methionine inhibits the synthesis of hcy-thiolactone in l. luteus, sugges ... | 2003 | 12496251 |
| polyphyletic origin of cultivated rice: based on the interspersion pattern of sines. | the wild rice species oryza rufipogon with wide intraspecific variation is thought to be the progenitor of the cultivated rice species oryza sativa with two ecotypes, japonica and indica. to determine the origin of cultivated rice, subfamily members of the rice retroposon p-sine1, which show insertion polymorphism in the o. sativa -o. rufipogon population, were identified and used to "bar code" each of 101 cultivated and wild rice strains based on the presence or absence of the p-sine1 members a ... | 2003 | 12519908 |
| overexpression of bax inhibitor suppresses the fungal elicitor-induced cell death in rice (oryza sativa l) cells. | treatment of suspension-cultured cells of rice (oryza sativa l.) with cell wall extract of rice blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea) elicits a rapid generation of h2o2, alkalinization of culture medium, and eventual cell death. to elucidate genes involved in these processes, we exploited sage (serial analysis of gene expression) technique for the molecular analysis of cell death in suspension-cultured cells treated with the elicitor. among the downregulated genes in the elicitor-treated cells, a bi ... | 2003 | 12581301 |
| genetic differentiation for nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes in common wild rice ( oryza rufipogon griff.) and cultivated rice ( oryza sativa l.). | the genetic differentiation of nuclear, mitochondrial (mt) and chloroplast (cp) genomes was investigated by southern and pcr analysis using 75 varieties of cultivated rice ( oryza sativa l.) and 118 strains of common wild rice (cwr, oryza rufipogon griff.) from ten countries of asia. the distinguishing differences between the indica and japonica cultivars were detected both in the nuclear genome and the cytoplasmic genome, confirming that the indica-japonica differentiation is of major importanc ... | 2002 | 12582589 |
| genetic differentiation of wild relatives of rice as assessed by rflp analysis. | to study genetic diversity and relationships of wild relatives of rice, 58 accessions of oryza rufipogon, oryza nivara, oryza sativa f. spontanea and the cultivated oryza sativa, representing a wide range of their distribution, were analyzed using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) technique. all 30-used rflp probes detected polymorphisms among the oryza accessions, with an average of 3.8 polymorphic fragments per probe. considerable genetic diversity was scored among the oryza ... | 2002 | 12582876 |
| methane and nitrous oxide emissions from an irrigated rice of north india. | upland rice was grown in the kharif season (june-september) under irrigated condition in new delhi, india (28 degree 40'n and 77 degree 12'e) to monitor ch4 and n2o emission, as influenced by fertilizer urea, ammonium sulphate and potassium nitrate alone (at 120 kg ha-1) and mixed with dicyandiamide (dcd), added at 10% of applied n. the experimental soil was a typic ustochrept (inceptisol), clay loam, in which rice (oryza sativa l., var. pusa-169, duration: 120-125 days) was grown and ch4 and n2 ... | 2003 | 12591251 |
| characterization of transgenic rice plants over-expressing the stress-inducible beta-glucanase gene gns1. | the gns1 gene of rice (oryza sativa l. japonica) encodes 1,3;1,4-beta glucanase (ec 3.2.1.73), which hydrolyzes 1,3;1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages on 1,3;1,4-beta-glucan, an important component of cell walls in the poaceae family. rna and protein gel blot analyses demonstrated that blast disease or dark treatment induced the expression of the gns1 gene. to assess the function of the gns1 gene in disease resistance, we characterized transgenic rice plants constitutively expressing the gns1 gene. th ... | 2003 | 12602898 |
| fine genetic mapping of a gene required for rice yellow mottle virus cell-to-cell movement. | the very high resistance to rice yellow mottle virus observed in the two rice varieties gigante ( oryza sativa) and tog 5681 ( o. glaberrima) is monogenic and recessive. bulked segregant analysis was carried out to identify aflp markers linked to the resistance gene. mapping of pcr-specific markers, caps and microsatellite markers on 429 individuals of an ir64 x gigante f(2) population pinpointed this resistance gene on the long arm of chromosome 4 in a 3.7-cm interval spanned by pcr markers. th ... | 2003 | 12679871 |
| rice uv-damaged dna binding protein homologues are most abundant in proliferating tissues. | ultraviolet-damaged dna binding protein (uv-ddb) is an important factor involved in dna repair. to study the role of uv-ddb, we attempted to obtain the cdna and the protein of a plant uv-ddb. we succeeded in isolating both genes for uv-ddb subunits from rice (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare), designated as osuv-ddb1 and osuv-ddb2. osuv-ddb2 (65 kda) was much larger than human uv-ddb2, but immunoprecipitation and gel mobility shift assay suggested that osuv-ddb2 is a plant counterpart of uv-ddb2. the ... | 2003 | 12711392 |