| effect of kiwifruit on bone resorption in ovariectomized mice. | kiwifruit is a good source of dietary components and has beneficial effects for health. in this study, we investigated the effects of two types of kiwifruit, green kiwifruit (grk) and gold kiwifruit (gok), on bone metabolism in ovariectomized (ovx) mice. seven-week-old female balb/c-strain mice were divided into four groups: sham-operated (sham) group, ovx group, and ovx mice that were fed a grk-supplemented diet or gok-supplemented diet. freeze-dried grk and gok were prepared and added in the d ... | 2015 | 26440641 |
| encapsulated green kiwifruit extract: a randomised controlled trial investigating alleviation of constipation in otherwise healthy adults. | previous clinical trials have shown bowel function is improved through consumption of whole kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa). this study investigated whether encapsulated kiwifruit extract (1 g/day) could alleviate constipation in otherwise healthy adults. | 2015 | 26420182 |
| growth rate of bumblebee larvae is related to pollen amino acids. | the use of bombus terrestris l. commercial colonies for outdoor and greenhouse crop pollination is currently widespread. colony breeding includes bumblebee feeding, mostly by using the honeybee pollen loads of diverse palynological composition. because the chemical content of pollen is highly variable, the choice of commercial blend should not be random but has to be carefully selected to ensure the optimal development of workers and then pollination efficacy. in this work, we compared the impac ... | 2016 | 26385047 |
| changes in transcription of cytokinin metabolism and signalling genes in grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries are associated with the ripening-related increase in isopentenyladenine. | cytokinins are known to play an important role in fruit set and early fruit growth, but their involvement in later stages of fruit development is less well understood. recent reports of greatly increased cytokinin concentrations in the flesh of ripening kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa (a. chev.) c.f. liang & a.r. ferguson) and grapes (vitis vinifera l.) have suggested that these hormones are implicated in the control of ripening-related processes. | 2015 | 26377914 |
| kiwifruit fibre level influences the predicted production and absorption of scfa in the hindgut of growing pigs using a combined in vivo-in vitro digestion methodology. | combined in vivo (ileal cannulated pig) and in vitro (faecal inoculum-based fermentation) digestion methodologies were used to predict the production and absorption of scfa in the hindgut of growing pigs. ileal and faecal samples were collected from animals (n 7) fed diets containing either 25 or 50 g/kg dm of kiwifruit fibre from added kiwifruit for 14 d. ileal and faecal scfa concentrations normalised for food dm intake (dmi) and nutrient digestibility were determined. ileal digesta were colle ... | 2016 | 26277926 |
| inhibition of hardy kiwifruit (actinidia aruguta) ripening by 1-methylcyclopropene during cold storage and anticancer properties of the fruit extract. | hardy kiwifruits (actinidia arguta) were treated with 20 μl/l 1-methylcyclopropene (1-mcp) for 16 h at 10 °c and subsequently stored at 1 ± 0.5 °c. anticancer properties of the fruit extracts were tested against five different human cancer cells. the hardy kiwifruits, without 1-mcp treatment, showed increases in both respiration and ethylene production rates during fruit storage. the 1-mcp treatment remarkably inhibited fruit ripening by reducing respiration and ethylene production. fruits with ... | 2016 | 26212954 |
| recognition pattern of kiwi seed storage proteins in kiwifruit-allergic children. | | 2015 | 26184705 |
| kiwifruit anaphylaxis: the usefulness of molecular-based allergy diagnostics. | | 2015 | 26182694 |
| the impact of sodium nitroprusside and ozone in kiwifruit ripening physiology: a combined gene and protein expression profiling approach. | despite their importance in many aspects of plant physiology, information about the function of oxidative and, particularly, of nitrosative signalling in fruit biology is limited. this study examined the possible implications of o3 and sodium nitroprusside (snp) in kiwifruit ripening, and their interacting effects. it also aimed to investigate changes in the kiwifruit proteome in response to snp and o3 treatments, together with selected transcript analysis, as a way to enhance our understanding ... | 2015 | 26159933 |
| elusive structural, functional, and immunological features of act d 5, the green kiwifruit kiwellin. | kiwellin (act d 5) is an allergenic protein contained in kiwifruit pulp in high amounts. the aim of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional structure of the natural molecule from green kiwifruit and its possible function. kiwellin was crystallized, and its structure, including post-translational modifications, was elucidated. the molecular weight and structural features, in solution, were analyzed by gel filtration and circular dichroism, respectively. although structurally similar t ... | 2015 | 26146952 |
| physiological and psychological effects of viewing a kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa 'hayward') orchard landscape in summer in japan. | the physiological and psychological relaxation effects of viewing a kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa 'hayward') orchard landscape were investigated. seventeen japanese adult females (46.1 ± 8.2 years) viewed a kiwifruit orchard landscape or a building site (control) for 10 min. the heart rate variability and heart rate were determined. the modified semantic differential method and the short-form profile of mood states were used to assess the psychological effects. compared with viewing the buildin ... | 2015 | 26110331 |
| nondietary gut materials interfere with the determination of dietary fiber digestibility in growing pigs when using the prosky method. | reported negative ileal and total tract dietary fiber (df) digestibility values are physiologically untenable and suggest the presence of nondietary material in the gut contents that interferes with the df determination. | 2015 | 26063063 |
| effect of γ-cyclodextrin as a lyoprotectant for freeze-dried actinidin. | actinidin (atd) is a cysteine protease found in kiwifruit. it is used to tenderize meat and to enhance the digestion of proteins in the small intestine. however, atd is unstable during freeze-drying, which alters its bioactivity. it is well known that sugars have the ability to protect proteins from the stress of freeze-drying. in this study, we investigated the protective effect of various saccharides on the stability of atd during freeze-drying. the atd activities of the samples containing γ-c ... | 2015 | 26062296 |
| kiwifruit flower odor perception and recognition by honey bees, apis mellifera. | volatile organic compounds (vocs) from male and female kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa 'hayward') flowers were collected by dynamic headspace sampling. honey bee (apis mellifera) perception of the flower vocs was tested using gas chromatography coupled to electroantennogram detection. honey bees consistently responded to six compounds present in the headspace of female kiwifruit flowers and five compounds in the headspace of male flowers. analysis of the floral volatiles by gas chromatography-mas ... | 2015 | 26027748 |
| fruit quality evaluation using spectroscopy technology: a review. | an overview is presented with regard to applications of visible and near infrared (vis/nir) spectroscopy, multispectral imaging and hyperspectral imaging techniques for quality attributes measurement and variety discrimination of various fruit species, i.e., apple, orange, kiwifruit, peach, grape, strawberry, grape, jujube, banana, mango and others. some commonly utilized chemometrics including pretreatment methods, variable selection methods, discriminant methods and calibration methods are bri ... | 2015 | 26007736 |
| report of postharvest rot of kiwifruit in korea caused by sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | in may 2014, sclerotinia rot symptoms caused by sclerotinia sclerotiorum were observed on stored kiwifruit in jinju, south korea. the symptoms appeared as soft, water-soaked lesions on fruit covered with a white mycelium. the morphological characteristics and the internal transcribed spacer sequences of rrna of the pathogen isolated from the sclerotinia rot showed it to be s. sclerotiorum. this was confirmed by performing a pathogenicity test with pure cultures of s. sclerotiorum and by reisolat ... | 2015 | 25996522 |
| fruit calcium accumulation coupled and uncoupled from its transpiration in kiwifruit. | accumulation of ca in several fleshy fruit is often supposed to depend, among others, by climatic variables driving fruit transpiration. this study tests the whole causal chain hypothesis: vpd → fruit transpiration → ca accumulation. also there are evidences that relationship between fruit transpiration and ca content is not always clear, hence the hypothesis that low vpd reduces the fraction of xylemic water destined to transpiration was tested by examining the water budget of fruit. attached f ... | 2015 | 25982084 |
| chlorophylls and carotenoids of kiwifruit puree are affected similarly or less by microwave than by conventional heat processing and storage. | the impact of microwave (1000 w - 340 s) and conventional heat (97 °c - 30s) pasteurisation and storage (4, 10, 22 °c for up to 63 d) on total and individual carotenoids and chlorophylls in kiwifruit puree was evaluated. bioaccessibility of carotenoids, before and after pasteurisation and storage, was also studied. microwaves and conventional heating led to marked changes in the chlorophyll (42-100% losses) and carotenoid (62-91% losses) content. first- and second-order kinetics appropriately ex ... | 2015 | 25977024 |
| kiwifruit-derived supplements increase stool frequency in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. | the worldwide growth in the incidence of gastrointestinal disorders has created an immediate need to identify safe and effective interventions. in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we examined the effects of actazin and gold, kiwifruit-derived nutritional ingredients, on stool frequency, stool form, and gastrointestinal comfort in healthy and functionally constipated (rome iii criteria for c3 functional constipation) individuals. using a crossover design, all participants ... | 2015 | 25931419 |
| enhanced human neutrophil vitamin c status, chemotaxis and oxidant generation following dietary supplementation with vitamin c-rich sungold kiwifruit. | neutrophils are the body's primary defenders against invading pathogens. these cells migrate to loci of infection where they engulf micro-organisms and subject them to an array of reactive oxygen species and antimicrobial proteins to effect killing. spent neutrophils subsequently undergo apoptosis and are cleared by macrophages, thereby resolving the inflammatory episode. neutrophils contain high concentrations of vitamin c (ascorbate) and this is thought to be essential for their function. this ... | 2015 | 25912037 |
| effect of summer pruning and cppu on yield and quality of kiwi fruit (actinidia deliciosa). | a field experiment was conducted on bearing vines of kiwifruit cv. abbott to find the effect of cppu (n-(2- chloro-4-pyridyl)-n-phenylurea) and summer pruning on fruit yield, fruit size and quality. cppu greatly stimulated fruit growth indicating that it can be a powerful tool for improving kiwifruit cropping. application of cppu at 10 ppm concentration was done by dipping the fruits for 10 sec in the aqueous solution of compound at petal fall and 30 days after petal fall. cppu applied fruits in ... | 2015 | 25895255 |
| identification, synthesis, and safety assessment of forchlorfenuron (1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea) and its metabolites in kiwifruits. | identification and evaluation of safety of forchlorfenuron ((1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea)), 1, metabolites after biotransformation in kiwifruit is the objective of this study. to elucidate properties of these metabolites, liquid chromatography hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (lc-it-tof-ms) was applied, with metid solution and formula predictor software in positive mode. cytotoxicity of forchlorfenuron and its metabolites were tested through sulforhodamine b assays agains ... | 2015 | 25757044 |
| molecular characterization of allergens in raw and processed kiwifruit. | the prevalence of allergy to kiwifruit is increasing in europe since the last two decades. different proteins have been identified as kiwifruit allergens; even though with geographic differences, act d 1, a cysteine protease protein of 30 kda, and act d 2, a thaumatin-like protein of 24 kda, are normally considered the most important. the aim of this study was (i) to identify at molecular level the sensitization pattern in a group of well-characterized patients allergic to kiwifruit and (ii) to ... | 2015 | 25640609 |
| in the solanaceae, a hierarchy of bhlhs confer distinct target specificity to the anthocyanin regulatory complex. | the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway is regulated by a transcription factor complex consisting of an r2r3 myb, a bhlh, and a wd40. although r2r3 mybs belonging to the anthocyanin-activating class have been identified in many plants, and their role well elucidated, the subgroups of bhlh implicated in anthocyanin regulation seem to be more complex. it is not clear whether these potential bhlh partners are biologically interchangeable with redundant functions, or even if heterodimers are involved. ... | 2015 | 25628328 |
| kiwifruit allergy in children: characterization of main allergens and patterns of recognition. | kiwifruit allergy has been described mostly in the adult population, but immunoglobulin (ig)e-mediated allergic reactions to kiwifruit appear to be occurring more frequently in children. to date, 13 allergens from kiwifruit have been identified. our aim was to identify kiwifruit allergens in a kiwifruit allergic-pediatric population, describing clinical manifestations and patterns of recognition. twenty-four children were included. diagnosis of kiwifruit allergy was based on compatible clinical ... | 2015 | 27417374 |
| the effect of kiwifruit consumption on blood pressure in subjects with moderately elevated blood pressure: a randomized, controlled study. | kiwifruit contains bioactive substances that may lower blood pressure (bp) and improve endothelial function. we examined the effects of adding kiwifruit to the usual diet on 24-h ambulatory bp, office bp and endothelial function. | 2015 | 25483553 |
| contact urticaria on eczematous skin by kiwifruit allergy. in vivo component-resolved diagnosis. | kiwifruit allergy has been responsible for a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild reactions, such as localised oral symptoms, to severe systemic symptoms, such as anaphylaxis. no cases of isolated contact urticaria (icu) due to ige-mediated allergy to kiwifruit have been reported in the literature so far. here we describe the first three cases of icu due to kiwi and we hypothesise about a kiwifruit allergen not described yet. | 2015 | 25456531 |
| ozone-induced kiwifruit ripening delay is mediated by ethylene biosynthesis inhibition and cell wall dismantling regulation. | ozone treatments are used to preserve quality during cold storage of commercially important fruits due to its ethylene oxidizing capacity and its antimicrobial attributes. to address whether or not ozone also modulates ripening by directly affecting fruit physiology, kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa cv. 'hayward') were stored in very low ethylene atmosphere at 0°c (95% rh) in air (control) or in the presence of ozone (0.3μll(-1)) for 2 or 4 months and subsequently ripened at 20°c (90% rh) for up t ... | 2014 | 25443835 |
| hydrogen sulfide extends the postharvest life and enhances antioxidant activity of kiwifruit during storage. | exogenous hydrogen sulfide (h₂s) treatment can prolong the postharvest life of cut flowers and strawberries. little work has been done to explore the effects of h₂s on respiratory climacteric fruits such as kiwifruits during storage. therefore the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of h₂s treatment at concentrations of 15–1000 µmol l⁻¹ on the postharvest life of kiwifruit during 25 °c storage and the role of h₂s in regulating the antioxidant defensive system of kiwifruit. | 2014 | 25328925 |
| proteomic analysis of mg132-treated germinating pollen reveals expression signatures associated with proteasome inhibition. | chemical inhibition of the proteasome has been previously found to effectively impair pollen germination and tube growth in vitro. however, the mediators of these effects at the molecular level are unknown. by performing 2de proteomic analysis, 24 differentially expressed protein spots, representing 14 unique candidate proteins, were identified in the pollen of kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) germinated in the presence of the mg132 proteasome inhibitor. qpcr analysis revealed that 11 of these pr ... | 2014 | 25265451 |
| effects of topical kiwifruit on healing of neuropathic diabetic foot ulcer. | kiwifruit (actindia deliciosa) is demonstrated to have antibacterial and pro-angiogenic effects. it also contains proteolytic enzymes (actinidin) and ascorbic acid. in this study, the effects of kiwifruit on neuropathic diabetic foot ulcer healing in clinical settings were evaluated. | 2014 | 25197293 |
| manipulation of flavour and aroma compound sequestration and release using a glycosyltransferase with specificity for terpene alcohols. | glycosides are an important potential source of aroma and flavour compounds for release as volatiles in flowers and fruit. the production of glycosides is catalysed by udp-glycosyltransferases (ugts) that mediate the transfer of an activated nucleotide sugar to acceptor aglycones. a screen of ugts expressed in kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) identified the gene adgt4 which was highly expressed in floral tissues and whose expression increased during fruit ripening. recombinant adgt4 enzyme glycos ... | 2014 | 25088478 |
| [monolith column solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography in online mode for the determination of forchlorfenuron in fruits]. | a novel method based on the monolithic column solid-phase extraction (spe) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography in online mode was developed for the determination of trace forchlorfenuron in fruits. the enrichment factor of spe for forchlorfenuron was 214. the method was fully validated. it showed a linear range of 0.01-50.00 microg/l and a limit of detection of 25 ng/l, with the relative standard deviation (rsd) of 3.9%. the proposed method was successfully applied for the determ ... | 2014 | 25069331 |
| characterization of gold kiwifruit pectin from fruit of different maturities and extraction methods. | studies on gold kiwifruit pectins are limited. in this work, the characterization of pectin isolated from two different stages of maturity of gold kiwifruit, namely early harvested fruit (ehf) and main harvested fruit (mhf) isolated by three methods (acid, water, enzymatic) was carried out. pectins isolated from mhf were higher in galacturonic acid content (52-59% w/w) and weight-average molecular weights (mw, 1.7-3.8 × 10(6)g/mol) compared with ehf pectins (29-49% w/w and 0.2-1.7 × 10(6)g/mol r ... | 2015 | 25053083 |
| determination of forchlorfenuron in fruits by solid phase or quechers extraction and lc-uv or lc/ms/ms. | forchlorfenuron, n-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-n'-phenylurea, is a plant growth regulator used to increase the size of kiwifruit, apples, table grapes, and peaches and to promote increased yields of potatoes, rice, and wheat. this study reports the comparison of the performances of two extraction methods [quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (quechers) and spe] and two analytical methods (lc-uv and a lc/ms/ms) when determining forchlorfenuron in apples, kiwis, and grapes. both extraction m ... | 2014 | 25051647 |
| the effect of kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) cysteine protease actinidin on the occludin tight junction network in t84 intestinal epithelial cells. | actinidin, a kiwifruit cysteine protease, is a marker allergen for genuine sensitization to this food allergen source. inhalatory cysteine proteases have the capacity for disruption of tight junctions (tjs) enhancing the permeability of the bronchial epithelium. no such properties have been reported for allergenic food proteases so far. the aim was to determine the effect of actinidin on the integrity of t84 monolayers by evaluating its action on the tj protein occludin. immunoblot and immunoflu ... | 2014 | 25042511 |
| detailed characterization of act d 12 and act d 13 from kiwi seeds: implication in ige cross-reactivity with peanut and tree nuts. | act d 12 (11s globulin) and act d 13 (2s albumin) are two novel relevant allergens from kiwi seeds that might be useful to improve the diagnostic sensitivity and the management of kiwifruit-allergic patients. | 2014 | 25041438 |
| act d 12 and act d 13: two novel, masked, relevant allergens in kiwifruit seeds. | | 2014 | 24990823 |
| overexpression of the kiwifruit svp3 gene affects reproductive development and suppresses anthocyanin biosynthesis in petals, but has no effect on vegetative growth, dormancy, or flowering time. | svp-like mads domain transcription factors have been shown to regulate flowering time and both inflorescence and flower development in annual plants, while having effects on growth cessation and terminal bud formation in perennial species. previously, four svp genes were described in woody perennial vine kiwifruit (actinidia spp.), with possible distinct roles in bud dormancy and flowering. kiwifruit svp3 transcript was confined to vegetative tissues and acted as a repressor of flowering as it w ... | 2014 | 24948678 |
| application of membrane separation in fruit and vegetable juice processing: a review. | fruit and vegetable juices are used due to convenience. the juices are rich in various minerals, vitamins, and other nutrients. to process the juices and their clarification and/or concentration is required. the membranes are being used for these purposes. these processes are preferred over others because of high efficiency and low temperature. membranes and their characteristics have been discussed in brief for knowing suitability of membranes for fruit and vegetable juices. membrane separation ... | 2015 | 24915352 |
| pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the aegean region, turkey. | the purpose of this study was to investigate pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the aegean region of turkey. a total of 1423 samples of fresh fruit and vegetables were collected from 2010 to 2012. the samples were analysed to determine the concentrations of 186 pesticide residues. the analyses utilized ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (uplc/ms/ms) and gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (gc-ecd) confirmed by gas chro ... | 2014 | 24799252 |
| do sun- versus shade-grown kiwifruits perform differently upon storage? an overview of fruit maturity and nutraceutical properties of whole and fresh-cut produce. | fresh-cut produce represents a good method to save about 25% of the kiwifruit not useful to meet the fresh fruit-marketing standard due to improper size and shape. for that reason, fresh-cut kiwifruit has been extensively studied. however, the comprehension of the influence of some aspects of cultivation might further increase the shelf life as well as the nutritional values of that fruit. this study explored the hypothesis that kiwifruits grown fully exposed to sunlight or partially shaded diff ... | 2014 | 24762186 |
| triterpene acids from apple peel inhibit lepidopteran larval midgut lipases and larval growth. | fruit extracts from apple, kiwifruit, feijoa, boysenberry, and blueberry were screened for the presence of lipase inhibitory compounds against lepidopteran larval midgut crude extracts. from 120 extracts, six showed significant inhibition with an extract from the peel of malus × domestica cv. "big red" showing highest levels of inhibition. because this sample was the only apple peel sample in the initial screen, a survey of peels from seven apple cultivars was undertaken and showed that, despite ... | 2014 | 24753088 |
| variation in gastric ph may determine kiwifruit's effect on functional gi disorder: an in vitro study. | consumption of kiwifruit is reported to relieve symptoms of functional gastrointestinal (gi) disorder. the effect may be related to the proteases in kiwifruit. this in vitro study aimed to measure protein hydrolysis due to kiwifruit protease under gastric and duodenal conditions. a sequence of experiments incubated meat protein, with and without kiwifruit, with varying concentrations of pepsin and hydrochloric acid, at 37 °c for 60 min over the ph range 1.3-6.2 to simulate gastric digestion. duo ... | 2014 | 24732018 |
| pre-anthesis cppu low dosage application increases 'hayward' kiwifruit weight without affecting the other qualitative and nutritional characteristics. | in 2008, in central italy, a low dosage of cppu solution, 4 μl l(-1) (6 hl/ha), was sprayed on the canopy of vines of 'hayward' kiwifruit, at the "break of sepals", about one week before anthesis, to study its effects on fruit weight/size and on qualitative and nutritional characteristics. at harvest, cppu, with respect to control, significantly increased the fresh weight by about 12% (+12.6 g fruit(-1)) and consequently the yield per vine, without affecting fruit shape, firmness, dry matter (%) ... | 2014 | 24731335 |
| daily kiwifruit consumption did not improve blood pressure and markers of cardiovascular function in men with hypercholesterolemia. | increasing fruit and vegetable consumption is a key lifestyle modification in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. kiwifruit has previously been shown to have favorable effects on blood pressure (bp), likely through inhibiting angiotensin i-converting enzyme activity. we hypothesized that the replacement of 2 fruit servings in a healthy diet with 2 green kiwifruit a day would significantly improve bp and other markers of cardiovascular function, including heart rate, stroke volume, card ... | 2014 | 24655490 |
| hydrogen-rich water delays postharvest ripening and senescence of kiwifruit. | the effect of hydrogen-rich water (hrw) on prolonging the shelf life of kiwifruit and possible underlying mechanisms were assessed. our results revealed that hrw (30%, 80%, and 100%) displayed different effects in inhibiting the rot of kiwifruit. among these treatments, 80% hrw had the most significant effect by decreasing the rot incidence and preserving the firmness of kiwifruit. this conclusion was supported by the fact that 80% hrw treatment could effectively alleviate pectin solubilization ... | 2014 | 24629944 |
| synergistic defensive function of raphides and protease through the needle effect. | raphides, needle-shaped calcium oxalate crystals in tissues of many plants, have been thought to play defensive roles against herbivores without detailed bioassays for their defensive roles and modes of function using purified raphides. in order to examine the defensive roles and modes of function of raphides in a clear experimental system, we performed bioassays giving the larvae of the eri silkmoth, samia ricini (saturniidae), leaves of their host plant, the castor oil plant, ricinus communis ... | 2014 | 24621613 |
| proteolytic activities of kiwifruit actinidin (actinidia deliciosa cv. hayward) on different fibrous and globular proteins: a comparative study of actinidin with papain. | actinidin, a member of the papain-like family of cysteine proteases, is abundant in kiwifruit. to date, a few studies have been provided to investigate the proteolytic activity and substrate specificity of actinidin on native proteins. herein, the proteolytic activity of actinidin was compared to papain on several different fibrous and globular proteins under neutral, acidic and basic conditions. the digested samples were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sd ... | 2014 | 24604128 |
| modeling the effects of light and sucrose on in vitro propagated plants: a multiscale system analysis using artificial intelligence technology. | plant acclimation is a highly complex process, which cannot be fully understood by analysis at any one specific level (i.e. subcellular, cellular or whole plant scale). various soft-computing techniques, such as neural networks or fuzzy logic, were designed to analyze complex multivariate data sets and might be used to model large such multiscale data sets in plant biology. | 2014 | 24465829 |
| survey of quality indicators in commercial dehydrated fruits. | physical and chemical quality parameters (dry matter, aw, protein, carbohydrates, vitamin c, 2-furoylmethyl amino acids, rehydration ratio and leaching loss) have been determined in 30 commercial dehydrated fruits (strawberry, blueberry, raspberry, cranberry, cherry, apple, grapefruit, mango, kiwifruit, pineapple, melon, coconut, banana and papaya). for comparison purposes, strawberry samples processed in the laboratory by freeze-drying and by convective drying were used as control samples. over ... | 2014 | 24360417 |
| structural characterization of the thermally tolerant pectin methylesterase purified from citrus sinensis fruit and its gene sequence. | despite the longstanding importance of the thermally tolerant pectin methylesterase (tt-pme) activity in citrus juice processing and product quality, the unequivocal identification of the protein and its corresponding gene has remained elusive. tt-pme was purified from sweet orange [ citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] finisher pulp (8.0 mg/1.3 kg tissue) with an improved purification scheme that provided 20-fold increased enzyme yield over previous results. structural characterization of electrophoret ... | 2013 | 24328246 |
| establishment of a rapid, inexpensive protocol for extraction of high quality rna from small amounts of strawberry plant tissues and other recalcitrant fruit crops. | strawberry plant tissues and particularly fruit material are rich in polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds, thus rendering the isolation of nucleic acids a difficult task. this work describes the successful modification of a total rna extraction protocol, which enables the isolation of high quantity and quality of total rna from small amounts of strawberry leaf, root and fruit tissues. reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification of gapdh housekeeping gene from iso ... | 2014 | 24321691 |
| actinidin from kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa cv. hayward) increases the digestion and rate of gastric emptying of meat proteins in the growing pig. | the present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary actinidin on the kinetics of gastric digestion of beef muscle proteins and on the rate of stomach emptying in growing pigs. for this purpose, 120 pigs (mean body weight 28 (sd 2·9) kg) were fed beef muscle protein-based diets containing either actinidin (fresh green kiwifruit pulp or gold kiwifruit pulp supplemented with purified actinidin) or no actinidin (fresh gold kiwifruit pulp or green kiwifruit pulp with inactivated actinidin). ... | 2014 | 24252432 |
| effects of daidzein and kiwifruit on bone mineral density and equol production in ovariectomised rats. | in this study, we investigated the synergistic effects of daidzein (dz) and kiwifruit on bone and equol production in ovariectomised (ovx) rats. female sprague-dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups: sham operated, ovx control, ovx fed 0.1% dz-supplemented diet (ovx + dz), ovx fed 0.1% dz and green kiwifruit (grk)-supplemented diet (ovx + dz + grk) and ovx fed 0.1% dz and gold kiwifruit (gok)-supplemented diet (ovx + dz + gok). there were no significant differences in whole bod ... | 2014 | 24251973 |
| inhibitory effects of kiwifruit extract on human platelet aggregation and plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. | previous human studies suggest that supplementation with kiwifruits lowers several cardiovascular risk factors such as platelet hyperactivity, blood pressure and plasma lipids. the cardiovascular health benefit of fruit and vegetables is usually attributed to the complex mixture of phytochemicals therein; however, kiwifruit's cardioprotective factors are not well studied. in this study, we investigated the effects of kiwifruit extract on human blood platelet aggregation and plasma angiotensin-co ... | 2014 | 24219176 |
| relationships between the leaf and fruit mineral compositions of actinidia deliciosa var. hayward according to nitrogen and potassium fertilization. | the variations of the elements that are examined most frequently during foliar analysis were determined for kiwi as a function of different nitrogen and potassium fertilizer loads. the values recorded demonstrated the existence of a relation between the leaves and the fruit. two groups of elements were identified that exhibited different responses. the first group comprised elements that, in leaves and fruits, presented a different evolution as a function of at least one of the fertilizers. this ... | 2014 | 24206717 |
| isolation and developmental expression analysis of l-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase in four actinidia species. | myo-inositol (mi) is an important polyol involved in cellular signal transduction, auxin storage, osmotic regulation, and membrane formation. it also serves as a precursor for the production of pinitol, ascorbic acid, and members of the raffinose family. the first committed step for mi formation is catalyzed by l-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (mips). we isolated mips cdna sequences from actinidia eriantha, actinidia rufa, and actinidia arguta and compared them with that of actinidia delicios ... | 2013 | 24184456 |
| the relative anthelmintic efficacy of plant-derived cysteine proteinases on intestinal nematodes. | we examined the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of plant cysteine proteinases (cps) derived from pineapple (ananas comosus) and kiwi fruit (actinidia deliciosa), and compared their efficacy as anthelmintics to the known effects of cps from the latex of papaya (carica papaya) against the rodent intestinal nematode, heligmosomoides bakeri. both fruit bromelain and stem bromelain had significant in vitro detrimental effects on h. bakeri but in comparison, actinidain from kiwi fruit had very little ef ... | 2015 | 24176056 |
| taqib polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (cetp) gene influences lipid responses to the consumption of kiwifruit in hypercholesterolaemic men. | fruit and vegetables are key elements of a cardioprotective diet, but benefits on plasma lipids, especially hdl-cholesterol (hdl-c), are inconsistent both within and between studies. in the present study, we investigated whether four selected hdl-c-related polymorphisms (cholesteryl ester transfer protein (cetp) taq1b, apoa1 - 75g/a, hepatic lipase (lipc) - 514c → t, and endothelial lipase (lipg) i24582) modulate the plasma lipid response to a kiwifruit intervention. this is a retrospective anal ... | 2014 | 24176024 |
| dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of three cytokinin compounds in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | the paper presents a novel approach for the determination of three cytokinin compounds, thidiazuron (tdz), 1,3-diphenylurea (1,3-dpu) and forchlorfenuron (cppu), in fruit and vegetables samples using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (lc-esi-tofms). analytes were extracted from the sample matrix with ethanol, and the extract, after dilution with water, was submitted to dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (dllme). once acetonitrile and 1, ... | 2013 | 24148418 |
| comparative pathogenicity, biocontrol efficacy, and multilocus sequence typing of verticillium nonalfalfae from the invasive ailanthus altissima and other hosts. | verticillium wilt, caused by verticillium nonalfalfae, is currently killing tens of thousands of highly invasive ailanthus altissima trees within the forests in pennsylvania, ohio, and virginia and is being considered as a biological control agent of ailanthus. however, little is known about the pathogenicity and virulence of v. nonalfalfae isolates from other hosts on ailanthus, or the genetic diversity among v. nonalfalfae from confirmed ailanthus wilt epicenters and from locations and hosts n ... | 2014 | 24134719 |
| a biophysical model of kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) berry development. | a model of kiwifruit berry development is presented, building on the model of fishman and génard used for peach fruit. that model has been extended to incorporate a number of important features of kiwifruit growth. first, the kiwifruit berry is attached to the stem through a pedicel/receptacle complex which contributes significantly to the hydraulic resistance between the stem and the fruit, and this resistance changes considerably during the season. second, much of the carbohydrate in kiwifruit ... | 2013 | 24123250 |
| inflammatory status modulates plasma lipid and inflammatory marker responses to kiwifruit consumption in hypercholesterolaemic men. | kiwifruit has the potential to improve markers of metabolic dysfunction, but the response may be influenced by inflammatory state. we aimed to investigate whether inflammatory state would modulate the effect of consuming two green kiwifruit daily on plasma lipids and markers of inflammation. | 2014 | 24099724 |
| effect of ultrasound treatment on the water state in kiwifruit during osmotic dehydration. | the present work investigates how ultrasound pretreatment modulates the effects of osmotic dehydration (od) on the water state and microstructure of kiwifruit. kiwifruit slices (10mm thick) were subjected to ultrasonic waves in a water bath at a frequency of 35 khz for 10, 20 and 30 min. od process was then carried out by immersing the samples in 61.5% sucrose solution equilibrated at 25°c for a contact period of 0, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 120 min. the partition of water into the cellular tissue stru ... | 2014 | 24099537 |
| metabolic analysis of kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) berries from extreme genotypes reveals hallmarks for fruit starch metabolism. | tomato, melon, grape, peach, and strawberry primarily accumulate soluble sugars during fruit development. in contrast, kiwifruit (actinidia lindl. spp.) and banana store a large amount of starch that is released as soluble sugars only after the fruit has reached maturity. by integrating metabolites measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, enzyme activities measured by a robot-based platform, and transcript data sets during fruit development of actinidia deliciosa genotypes contrasting i ... | 2013 | 24058160 |
| extremely low doses of arsenic affect in vitro pollen germination. | this study deals with the effects of extremely low doses or high dilutions of pharmacological compounds on in vitro pollen germination of kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa). | 2013 | 24030446 |
| tapetum and middle layer control male fertility in actinidia deliciosa. | dioecism characterizes many crop species of economic value, including kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa). kiwifruit male sterility occurs at the microspore stage. the cell walls of the microspores and the pollen of the male-sterile and male-fertile flowers, respectively, differ in glucose and galactose levels. in numerous plants, pollen formation involves normal functioning and degeneration timing of the tapetum, with calcium and carbohydrates provided by the tapetum essential for male fertility. t ... | 2013 | 23965617 |
| the prevalence of pfs and prevalence and characteristics of reported food allergy; a survey of uk adults aged 18-75 incorporating a validated pfs diagnostic questionnaire. | pollen-food syndrome (pfs), a food allergy affecting pollen-sensitized individuals, is likely to be the most prevalent food allergy in adults, estimated to affect 50-90% of people allergic to birch tree pollen. | 2013 | 23889246 |
| mating behavior of cnephasia jactatana (lepidoptera: tortricidae), an important pest of kiwifruit. | understanding mating behavioral sequence helps us identify the mechanisms of mate assessment and choice, and better evaluate behavior-based pest control strategies. here we describe the mating behavior of cnephasia jactatana walker whose females release a sex pheromone, and determine the effect of male mating status on reproductive success. the mating sequence starts when males approach females and display courtship behavior with antennation and fanning wings. both males and females may end a ma ... | 2013 | 23865204 |
| over-accumulation of putrescine induced by cyclohexylamine interferes with chromium accumulation and partially restores pollen tube growth in actinidia deliciosa. | both trivalent and hexavalent chromium, i.e., cr(iii) and cr(vi), respectively, were previously demonstrated to affect in vitro germination and ultrastructure of kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) pollen. in the present work, the response to chromium in germinating pollen was evaluated in terms of changes in the polyamine profile. slight, though significant, increases in free spermidine and spermine occurred after exposure to cr(iii), while the levels remained almost unchanged after cr(vi) treatmen ... | 2013 | 23835360 |
| conformational mobility of active and e-64-inhibited actinidin. | actinidin, a protease from kiwifruit, belongs to the c1 family of cysteine proteases. cysteine proteases were found to be involved in many disease states and are valid therapeutic targets. actinidin has a wide ph activity range and wide substrate specificity, which makes it a good model system for studying enzyme-substrate interactions. | 2013 | 23803410 |
| light and abiotic stresses regulate the expression of gdp-l-galactose phosphorylase and levels of ascorbic acid in two kiwifruit genotypes via light-responsive and stress-inducible cis-elements in their promoters. | ascorbic acid (asa) plays an essential role in plants by protecting cells against oxidative damage. gdp-l-galactose phosphorylase (ggp) is the first committed gene for asa synthesis. our research examined asa levels, regulation of ggp gene expression, and how these are related to abiotic stresses in two species of actinidia (kiwifruit). when leaves were subjected to continuous darkness or light, aba or meja, heat, or a hypoxic environment, we found some correlation between the relative levels of ... | 2013 | 23775440 |
| effects of kivia powder on gut health in patients with occasional constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. | to evaluate the efficacy of kivia powder on supporting overall gut health through the relief of the discomfort of occasional constipation. | 2013 | 23758673 |
| characterization of the allergenic potential of proteins: an assessment of the kiwifruit allergen actinidin. | assessment of the potential allergenicity (ige-inducing properties) of novel proteins is an important challenge in the overall safety assessment of foods. resistance to digestion with pepsin is commonly measured to characterize allergenicity, although the association is not absolute. we have previously shown that specific ige antibody production induced by systemic [intraperitoneal (i.p.)] exposure of balb/c strain mice to a range of proteins correlates with allergenic potential for known allerg ... | 2014 | 23754484 |
| characterisation of the polyphenol content in the kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) exocarp for the calibration of a fruit-sorting optical sensor. | kiwifruit contains high amounts of anti-oxidants beneficial to health. its quality is influenced by ripening time, genotype, cultivation techniques, climate and storage conditions after harvest. | 2013 | 23716352 |
| in vitro toxicity of silver nanoparticles to kiwifruit pollen exhibits peculiar traits beyond the cause of silver ion release. | the vast use of silver nanoparticles (agnps) mandates thorough investigation of their impact on biosystems at various levels. the cytotoxicity of pvp coated-agnps to pollen, the aploid male gametophyte of higher plants, has been assessed here for the first time. the negative effects of agnps include substantial decreases in pollen viability and performance, specific ultrastructural alterations, early changes in calcium content, and unbalance of redox status. ag⁺ released from agnps damaged polle ... | 2013 | 23702492 |
| volume-based pollen size analysis: an advanced method to assess somatic and gametophytic ploidy in flowering plants. | pollen size is often used as a biological parameter to estimate the ploidy and viability of mature pollen grains. in general, pollen size quantification is performed one- or two-dimensionally using image-based diameter measurements. as these approaches are elaborate and time consuming, alternative approaches that enable a quick, reliable analysis of pollen size are highly relevant for plant research. in this study, we present the volume-based particle size analysis technique as an alternative me ... | 2013 | 23686220 |
| hydraulic resistance of developing actinidia fruit. | xylem flows into most fruits decline as the fruit develop, with important effects on mineral and carbohydrate accumulation. it has been hypothesized that an increase in xylem hydraulic resistance (rt) contributes to this process. this study examined changes in rt that occur during development of the berry of kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa), identified the region within the fruit where changes were occurring, and tested whether a decrease in irradiance during fruit development caused an increase ... | 2013 | 23658370 |
| endogenous cytokinin in developing kiwifruit is implicated in maintaining fruit flesh chlorophyll levels. | green kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) retain high concentrations of chlorophyll in the fruit flesh, whereas in gold-fleshed kiwifruit (a. chinensis) chlorophyll is degraded to colourless catabolites during fruit development, leaving yellow carotenoids visible. the plant hormone group the cytokinins has been implicated in the delay of senescence, and so the aim of this work was to investigate the link between cytokinin levels in ripening fruit and chlorophyll de-greening. | 2013 | 23644363 |
| low-temperature conditioning induces chilling tolerance in 'hayward' kiwifruit by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and regulating en-dogenous hormones levels. | to understand the mechanisms leading to the enhanced chilling tolerance of kiwifruit by low-temperature conditioning (ltc, 12 °c for 3 days), this study investigated the effect of ltc on chilling tolerance and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and endogenous hormones. | 2013 | 23633231 |
| homologs of ft, cen and fd respond to developmental and environmental signals affecting growth and flowering in the perennial vine kiwifruit. | flowering locus t (ft) and centroradialis (cen) homologs have been implicated in regulation of growth, determinacy and flowering. the roles of kiwifruit ft and cen were explored using a combination of expression analysis, protein interactions, response to temperature in high-chill and low-chill kiwifruit cultivars and ectopic expression in arabidopsis and actinidia. the expression and activity of ft was opposite from that of cen and incorporated an interaction with a flowering locus d (fd)-like ... | 2013 | 23577598 |
| health-promoting effects of ethylene-treated kiwifruit 'hayward' from conventional and organic crops in rats fed an atherogenic diet. | kiwifruit is a subtropical fruit that is very popular among consumers. kiwifruit 'hayward' ( actinidia deliciosa c.f. liang et a.r. ferguson) is an important source of bioactive compounds and possesses high antioxidant capacity, but its value can be changed during ripening. the aim of this study was to compare the levels of total polyphenols (tp), ascorbic acid (aa), and total antioxidant capacities (tacs) of ethylene-treated and nontreated kiwifruits 'hayward' from conventional and organic farm ... | 2013 | 23566063 |
| a pparγ ligand present in actinidia fruit (actinidia chrysantha) is identified as dilinolenoyl galactosyl glycerol. | activity-guided fractionation of actinidia fruit species, including kiwifruit, has identified dlgg (dilinolenoyl galactosyl glycerol) as a potent pparγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ) ligand. dlgg is a type of mgdg (monogalactosyl diacylglycerol) and is present in all chloroplasts, and therefore all green fruits and vegetables. pparγ is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates glucose metabolism and inflammation. an ethyl acetate extract of actinidia chrysantha was f ... | 2013 | 23548247 |
| actinidia drm1--an intrinsically disordered protein whose mrna expression is inversely correlated with spring budbreak in kiwifruit. | intrinsically disordered proteins (idps) are a relatively recently defined class of proteins which, under native conditions, lack a unique tertiary structure whilst maintaining essential biological functions. functional classification of idps have implicated such proteins as being involved in various physiological processes including transcription and translation regulation, signal transduction and protein modification. actinidia drm1 (ade dormancy associated gene 1), represents a robust dormanc ... | 2013 | 23516402 |
| (e)-5-hexadecenyl acetate: a novel moth sex pheromone component from stathmopoda auriferella. | the sex pheromone of stathmopoda auriferella (walker), an important pest of kiwifruit in korea, was studied. two candidate pheromone components detected in the gland extracts of females were identified as (e)-5-hexadecenyl acetate (e5-16:oac) and (e)-5-hexadecenol (e5-16:oh) in a ratio of 75:25 by mass spectral analysis of natural pheromone components and dimethyldisulfide adducts, and retention index comparisons with synthetic standards. in the kiwifruit orchards, e5-16:oac alone was attractive ... | 2013 | 23483347 |
| human skeletal muscle ascorbate is highly responsive to changes in vitamin c intake and plasma concentrations. | vitamin c (ascorbate) is likely to be essential for skeletal muscle structure and function via its role as an enzyme cofactor for collagen and carnitine biosynthesis. vitamin c may also protect these metabolically active cells from oxidative stress. | 2013 | 23446899 |
| preface. kiwifruit. | | 2013 | 23394997 |
| kiwifruit allergies. | while kiwifruit has a high nutritive and health value, a small proportion of the world's population appears to be allergic to the fruit. ige-mediated kiwifruit allergy is often associated with birch and grass pollinosis as well as with latex allergy. isolated allergy to kiwifruit is also relatively common and often severe. eleven green kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa cv. hayward) allergens recognized to date are termed as act d 1 through act d 11. bet v 1 homologue (act d 8) and profilin (act d 9 ... | 2013 | 23394996 |
| effects of kiwifruit on innate and adaptive immunity and symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. | maintenance of an adequate and properly regulated immune system is essential for health and well-being. components in food may modulate immune responses in a positive way (immunonutrition), and some of these components are present in kiwifruit. kiwifruit contains vitamin c, carotenoids, polyphenols, and dietary fiber, and these are all potentially beneficial to the immune system. research that has contributed to our understanding of the beneficial effects that kiwifruit may have on immune respon ... | 2013 | 23394995 |
| kiwifruit as a modulator of dna damage and dna repair. | kiwifruit are a rich source of vitamin c and other antioxidants. we have demonstrated the capacity of kiwifruit to protect cellular dna against oxidative damage in single-dose human experiments and in longer term supplementation trials using the comet assay to measure both dna-strand breaks and oxidized bases. enhanced antioxidant status following a single large dose of kiwifruit is shown by an increased resistance of lymphocyte dna to oxidation by h(2)o(2)in vitro. after 3 weeks (or more) of su ... | 2013 | 23394994 |
| cardioprotective properties of kiwifruit. | beneficial effects of consumption of fruit and vegetables on the cardiovascular system have been reported. fruit and vegetable components affect the cardiovascular system in both antioxidant and nonantioxidant ways. the mechanisms of their actions are, however, still not well understood. the compounds present in fruits and vegetables may function individually or in concert to protect lipoproteins and vascular cells from oxidation or by other mechanisms such as reducing plasma lipid levels, high ... | 2013 | 23394993 |
| kiwifruit, carbohydrate availability, and the glycemic response. | an appreciable proportion, about 10%, of the dry weight of kiwifruit consists of primary cell walls. about 80% of dry matter is available carbohydrate consisting of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, and about 10% is digestible protein. the cell wall component, being nonstarch polysaccharide, is undigested in the stomach and small intestine, so the component increases in relative concentration in the gut lumen where its physicochemical properties may be important in modulating carbohydrate digestio ... | 2013 | 23394992 |
| kiwifruit and mineral nutrition. | dietary minerals are essential nutrients that drive key cellular and physiological functions. each mineral is absorbed in the gut via unique, complex pathways that can involve a cascade of receptors and binding proteins. foods can both provide dietary minerals and contain components that impact the bioavailability of minerals in the digestive system. kiwifruit exceeds most other fruits in its content of key micronutrients including potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron, and folate. it ... | 2013 | 23394991 |
| kiwifruit modulation of gastrointestinal motility. | disorders of gastrointestinal motility are common, resulting in a decreased quality of life of individuals, and an economic burden. gastrointestinal motility is categorized according to location within the gastrointestinal tract: stomach, small intestine, and colon, with the colon being the dominant compartment in determining overall gastrointestinal transit. constipation results from gastrointestinal dysmotility and is a significant chronic health issue globally. clinical studies in a range of ... | 2013 | 23394990 |
| modification of the colonic microbiota. | it is becoming clear that the ecology and functionality of the human gut microbiota are extremely diverse and complex. the microbiota have coevolved with us metabolically to live symbiotically and to share the workload of extracting nutrients and energy from the diet. it is also clear that a diet rich in fruit, vegetables, and whole grain cereals is good for general health and gut health and that this is due partly to the phytochemicals and partly to the nondigestible carbohydrates (or dietary f ... | 2013 | 23394989 |
| digestion of kiwifruit fiber. | dietary fiber affects the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract. moreover, it is generally believed that fiber largely escapes digestion in the human small intestine and is therefore mainly a substrate for microbial fermentation in the hindgut. kiwifruit is a food naturally high in dietary fiber, yet the impact of dietary kiwifruit on nutrient availability has not been reported. the digestion of kiwifruit has been investigated but only in in vitro digestion studies. ... | 2013 | 23394988 |
| kiwifruit, mucins, and the gut barrier. | kiwifruit has long been regarded in china, where it originated from, for its health properties and particularly in relation to digestion and general gut health. there are a number of physical and chemical properties of the fruit, including its dietary fiber content, the presence of raphides, its high water holding capacity and actinidin content, that suggest that kiwifruit may be effective in influencing gut mucin production and thus enhancing the integrity of the gut barrier. the mucous layer, ... | 2013 | 23394987 |
| influence of kiwifruit on protein digestion. | green kiwifruit consumption has long been thought to assist in the digestion of food proteins due to the presence of the proteolytic enzyme actinidin. this chapter reviews the recent findings of both in vitro and in vivo studies on the effect of green kiwifruit (which contain the enzyme actinidin) on the gastro- and small-intestinal digestion of a range of common food proteins and protein-rich foods including milk, meat, fish, eggs, legumes, and cereal proteins. clear evidence is provided that g ... | 2013 | 23394986 |
| the bioavailability of vitamin c from kiwifruit. | vitamin c is an essential component of the diet for humans, and an adequate intake is important not only for the prevention of scurvy but also to limit the risk of developing chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. to achieve a regular and adequate intake, daily consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables is recommended. the vitamin c content of food varies widely, however, and plasma levels generally reflect the amount consumed, regardless of its origin. kiwifruit are one of the premie ... | 2013 | 23394985 |