| inhibition of cholesterol oxidation products (cops) formation in emulsified porcine patties by phenolic-rich avocado (persea americana mill.) extracts. | the effect of phenolic-rich extracts from avocado peel on the formation of cholesterol oxidation products (cops) in porcine patties subjected to cooking and chill storage was studied. eight cops (7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, 20α-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, cholestanetriol, 5,6β-epoxycholesterol, and 5,6α-epoxycholesterol) were identified and quantified by gc-ms. the addition of avocado extracts (∼600 gae/kg patty) to patties significantly inhibi ... | 2012 | 22292505 |
| complete genome sequence of a double-stranded rna virus from avocado. | a number of avocado (persea americana) cultivars are known to contain high-molecular-weight double-stranded rna (dsrna) molecules for which a viral nature has been suggested, although sequence data are not available. here we report the cloning and complete sequencing of a 13.5-kbp dsrna virus isolated from avocado and show that it corresponds to the genome of a new species of the genus endornavirus (family endornaviridae), tentatively named persea americana endornavirus (paev). | 2012 | 22205720 |
| synthesis and configuration of the nonadecenetriol isolated from seeds of persea americana. | in an effort to establish the relative as well as absolute configuration of the trypanocidally active natural nonadec-6-en-1,2,4-triol isolated from persea americana, the (2s,4r), (2s,4s), and (2r,4r) isomers were synthesized. the stereogenic centers taken from enantiopure chiral epoxy building blocks derived from inexpensive and readily available d-glucolactone. the (2r,4r) isomer gave (1)h and (13)c nmr as well as specific rotation in excellent consistence with those reported for the natural t ... | 2011 | 21833413 |
| simultaneous detection of nonpolar and polar compounds by heat-assisted laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | a heat-assisted laser ablation electrospray ionization (ha-laesi) method for the simultaneous mass spectrometric analysis of nonpolar and polar analytes was developed. the sample was introduced using mid-infrared laser ablation of a water-rich target. the ablated analytes were ionized with an electrospray plume, which was intercepted by a heated nitrogen gas jet that enhanced the ionization of analytes of low polarity. the feasibility of ha-laesi was tested by analyzing, e.g., naphtho[2,3-a]pyre ... | 2013 | 23199051 |
| hass avocado modulates postprandial vascular reactivity and postprandial inflammatory responses to a hamburger meal in healthy volunteers. | hass avocados are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid) and antioxidants (carotenoids, tocopherols, polyphenols) and are often eaten as a slice in a sandwich containing hamburger or other meats. hamburger meat forms lipid peroxides during cooking. after ingestion, the stomach functions as a bioreactor generating additional lipid peroxides and this process can be inhibited when antioxidants are ingested together with the meat. the present pilot study was conducted to investigate the po ... | 2013 | 23196671 |
| effect of seed on ripening control components during avocado fruit development. | seedless avocado fruit are produced alongside seeded fruit in the cultivar arad, and both reach maturity at the same time. using this system, it was possible to show that avocado seed inhibits the ripening process: seedless fruits exhibited higher response to exogenous ethylene already at the fruitlet stage, and also at the immature and mature fruit stages. they produced higher co₂ levels, and the ethylene peak was apparent at the fruitlet stage of seedless fruit, but not of seeded ones. the exp ... | 2011 | 21930327 |
| ultra high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry for analysis of avocado fruit metabolites: method evaluation and applicability to the analysis of ripening degrees. | we have developed an analytical method using uhplc-uv/esi-tof ms for the comprehensive profiling of the metabolites found in the methanolic extracts of 13 different varieties of avocado at two different ripening degrees. both chromatographic and detection parameters were optimized in order to maximize the number of compounds detected and the sensitivity. after achieving the optimum conditions, we performed a complete analytical validation of the method with respect to its linearity, sensitivity, ... | 2011 | 21925667 |
| a novel approach to the rapid assignment of (13)c nmr spectra of major components of vegetable oils such as avocado, mango kernel and macadamia nut oils. | assignment of (13)c nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectra of major fatty acid components of south african produced vegetable oils was attempted using a method in which the vegetable oil was spiked with a standard triacylglycerol. this proved to be inadequate and therefore a new rapid and potentially generic graphical linear correlation method is proposed for assignment of the (13)c nmr spectra of major fatty acid components of apricot kernel, avocado pear, grapeseed, macadamia nut, mango kern ... | 2009 | 19544589 |
| water relations in culture media influence maturation of avocado somatic embryos. | application of transformation and other biotechnological tools in avocado (persea americana mill.) is hampered by difficulties in obtaining mature somatic embryos capable of germination at an acceptable rate. in this work, we evaluated the effect of different compounds affecting medium water relations on maturation of avocado somatic embryos. culture media were characterized with respect to gel strength, water potential and osmotic potential. improved production of mature somatic embryos was ach ... | 2011 | 21807437 |
| the nutritional intake of undergraduates at the university of zimbabwe college of health sciences. | in developing countries the cost of treating disease is much more than prevention and so there is now a lot of interest in understanding nutrition. in this pilot study we selected a cohort of pre-clinical students studying at the college of health sciences in the university of zimbabwe. this study was carried to investigate the gender-based weekly consumption of different food categories amongst university of zimbabwe students. semi-structured questionnaires distributed to 100 undergraduate stud ... | 2009 | 19445103 |
| biology and systematics of the new world phyllocnistis zeller leafminers of the avocado genus persea (lepidoptera, gracillariidae). | four new world species of phyllocnistis zeller are described from serpentine mines in persea (family lauraceae). phyllocnistis hyperpersea,new species, mines the upper leaf surfaces of avocado, persea americana mill., and red bay, persea borbonia (l.) spreng. and ranges over much of the southeastern united states into central america. phyllocnistis subpersea,new species, mines the underside and occasionally upper sides of new leaves of persea borbonia in southeastern united states. phyllocnistis ... | 2011 | 21594066 |
| profiling lc-dad-esi-tof ms method for the determination of phenolic metabolites from avocado (persea americana). | a powerful hplc-dad-esi-tof ms method was established for the efficient identification of the chemical constituents in the methanolic extracts of avocado (persea americana). separation and detection conditions were optimized by using a standard mix containing 39 compounds belonging to phenolic acids and different categories of flavonoids, analytes that could be potentially present in the avocado extracts. optimum lc separation was achieved on a zorbax eclipse plus c18 analytical column (4.6×150 ... | 2011 | 21332177 |
| remnant b-cell-stimulative and anti-oxidative effects of persea americana fruit extract studied in rats introduced into streptozotocin - induced hyperglycaemic state. | insulin-stimulative and anti-oxidative effects of persea americana fruit extract were evaluated using streptozotocin (stz). ethanol extract of p. americana in the concentration of 300 mg/kg body weight/rat /day was orally administered to rats introduced into stz-induced hyperglycaemic state for a period of 30 days. after the treatment with avocado fruit extract, the elevated levels of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, blood urea and serum creatinine seen in the hyperglycaemic rats, revert ... | 2011 | 22467999 |
| bitter-tasting and kokumi-enhancing molecules in thermally processed avocado (persea americana mill.). | sequential application of solvent extraction and rp-hplc in combination with taste dilution analyses (tda) and comparative tda, followed by lc-ms and 1d/2d nmr experiments, led to the discovery of 10 c(17)-c(21) oxylipins with 1,2,4-trihydroxy-, 1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxy-, and 1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo motifs, respectively, besides 1-o-stearoyl-glycerol and 1-o-linoleoyl-glycerol as bitter-tasting compounds in thermally processed avocado (persea americana mill.). on the basis of quantitative data, ... | 2010 | 21080628 |
| developing a systems approach for thaumatotibia leucotreta (lepidoptera: tortricidae) on 'hass' avocado in south africa. | thaumatotibia leucotreta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) is pest of the avocado, persea americana (mill.) (lauraceae), in south africa and is regarded as a phytosanitary threat. the objective of this study was to develop a systems approach for t. leucotreta on 'hass' avocado that will mitigate the pest risk. t. leucotreta males were monitored with pheromone traps, and numbers declined during the winter. field studies indicated that most of eggs were laid during january in the deerpark area, ... | 2010 | 20857718 |
| ovary starch reserves and pistil development in avocado (persea americana). | in avocado, only a very small fraction of the flowers are able to set fruit. previous work in other woody perennial plant species has shown the importance of carbohydrates accumulated in the flower in the reproductive process. thus, in order to explore the implications of the nutritive status of the flower in the reproductive process in avocado, the starch content in the pistil has been examined in individual pollinated and non-pollinated flowers at anthesis and during the days following anthesi ... | 2010 | 20849425 |
| non-destructive prediction of 'hass' avocado dry matter via ft-nir spectroscopy. | the inability to consistently guarantee internal quality of horticulture produce is of major importance to the primary producer, marketers and ultimately the consumer. currently, commercial avocado maturity estimation is based on the destructive assessment of percentage dry matter (%dm), and sometimes percentage oil, both of which are highly correlated with maturity. in this study the utility of fourier transform (ft) near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) was investigated for the first time as a non ... | 2011 | 20839265 |
| a proposed conserved role for an avocado fw2.2-like gene as a negative regulator of fruit cell division. | previous studies using 'hass' avocado and its small fruit (sf) phenotype as a model showed that sf is limited by cell number, not by cell size. in an attempt to explore the molecular mechanisms regulating avocado fruit cell division, we isolated four distinct avocado cell proliferation-related genes and investigated their expression characteristics, comparing normal fruit (nf) and sf developmental patterns. three cdnas termed pacyca1, pacycb1 and papcna, encoding two mitotic cyclins and a prolif ... | 2010 | 20544218 |
| insights into carotenoid dynamics in non-foliar photosynthetic tissues of avocado. | leaves are the main photosynthetically active tissues in most plants. however, stems and fruits are also important for the overall carbon balance of the plant because of their contribution to fixation of the co(2) released by respiration. photosynthesis could not be possible without a complete set of photoprotection mechanisms, which include the ubiquitous violaxanthin (v) cycle and the taxonomically restricted lutein epoxide (lx) cycle. in this work, we characterise carotenoid stoichiometry in ... | 2010 | 20487377 |
| a new look at sporoderm ontogeny in persea americana and the hidden side of development. | the phenomenon of self-assembly, widespread in both the living and the non-living world, is a key mechanism in sporoderm pattern formation. observations in developmental palynology appear in a new light if they are regarded as aspects of a sequence of micellar colloidal mesophases at genomically controlled initial parameters. the exine of persea is reduced to ornamentation (spines and gemmae with underlying skin-like ectexine); there is no endexine. development of persea exine was analysed based ... | 2010 | 20400758 |
| synthesis and field evaluation of the sex pheromone of stenoma catenifer (lepidoptera: elachistidae). | field trials of the sex pheromone of an important and potentially invasive pest of avocados, persea americana miller (lauraceae), stenoma catenifer walsingham (lepidoptera: elachistidae), were carried out in commercial avocado orchards in guatemala. the results indicated that the pheromone consists of a single component, (9z)-9,13-tetradecadien-1-ynal; blends of this compound with a range of ratios of the corresponding alcohol and acetate, or with (6z,9z)-tricosadiene, which was present in phero ... | 2009 | 19736757 |
| electrical signaling, stomatal conductance, aba and ethylene content in avocado trees in response to root hypoxia. | avocado (persea americana mill.) trees are among the most sensitive of fruit tree species to root hypoxia as a result of flooded or poorly drained soil. similar to drought stress, an early physiological response to root hypoxia in avocado is a reduction of stomatal conductance. it has been previously determined in avocado trees that an extracellular electrical signal between the base of stem and leaves is produced and related to reductions in stomatal conductance in response to drought stress. t ... | 2009 | 19649181 |
| comparison of next generation sequencing technologies for transcriptome characterization. | we have developed a simulation approach to help determine the optimal mixture of sequencing methods for most complete and cost effective transcriptome sequencing. we compared simulation results for traditional capillary sequencing with "next generation" (ng) ultra high-throughput technologies. the simulation model was parameterized using mappings of 130,000 cdna sequence reads to the arabidopsis genome (ncbi accession sra008180.19). we also generated 454-gs20 sequences and de novo assemblies for ... | 2009 | 19646272 |
| induction of ethylene in avocado fruit in response to chilling stress on tree. | chilling of avocado fruit (persea americana cv. arad) in the orchard caused a dramatic induction of fruit ripening and a parallel increase in ethylene biosynthesis and receptor genes' expression during shelf life. in-orchard chilling stress stimulated ethylene and co(2) production already in fruit attached to the tree, and these reduced thereafter during 20 degrees c storage. in non-chilled control fruit, ethylene and co(2) production started after 3d at 20 degrees c and exhibited a climacteric ... | 2009 | 19592132 |
| spatial and temporal analysis of textural and biochemical changes of imported avocado cv. hass during fruit ripening. | the ripeness degree of climacteric fruits, such as avocado ( persea americana mill.), can be correlated with rheological properties. however, there remains little information on not only the postharvest changes in texture of avocado fruit from different origins but also the spatial variation within fruit. in addition, the relationship between changes in texture and composition of fatty acids and major nonstructural carbohydrates (nscs) of fruit tissue during ripening is unknown. the texture of d ... | 2009 | 19580285 |
| de novo synthesis and degradation of lx and v cycle pigments during shade and sun acclimation in avocado leaves. | the photoprotective role of the universal violaxanthin cycle that interconverts violaxanthin (v), antheraxanthin (a), and zeaxanthin (z) is well established, but functions of the analogous conversions of lutein-5,6-epoxide (lx) and lutein (l) in the selectively occurring lx cycle are still unclear. we investigated carotenoid pools in lx-rich leaves of avocado (persea americana) during sun or shade acclimation at different developmental stages. during sun exposure of mature shade leaves, an unusu ... | 2009 | 19060099 |
| lipid and fatty acid composition of mesocarp and seed of avocado fruits harvested at northern range in japan. | the lipid and fatty acid composition of the mesocarp and seed of avocado fruit grown and harvested in japan, which is located at the northern range of the avacado, was investigated and compared to an imported avocado purchased commercially. the potential of the avocado mesocarp as an agricultural product in japan was also explored. total lipids (tl) accounted for approximately 20% of the mesocarp. further analysis showed that the neutral lipid (nl) fraction accounted for at least 95% of the tl, ... | 2008 | 18838831 |
| development of a rapid method for the sequential extraction and subsequent quantification of fatty acids and sugars from avocado mesocarp tissue. | methods devised for oil extraction from avocado (persea americana mill.) mesocarp (e.g., soxhlet) are usually lengthy and require operation at high temperature. moreover, methods for extracting sugars from avocado tissue (e.g., 80% ethanol, v/v) do not allow for lipids to be easily measured from the same sample. this study describes a new simple method that enabled sequential extraction and subsequent quantification of both fatty acids and sugars from the same avocado mesocarp tissue sample. fre ... | 2008 | 18680299 |
| fatty acids, sterols, and antioxidant activity in minimally processed avocados during refrigerated storage. | avocado ( persea americana mill.) is a good source of bioactive compounds such as monounsaturated fatty acids and sterols. the impact of minimal processing on its health-promoting attributes was investigated. avocados cut into slices or halves were packaged in plastic bags under nitrogen, air, or vacuum and stored at 8 degrees c for 13 days. the stabilities of fatty acids and sterols as well as the effect on antioxidant activity were evaluated. the main fatty acid identified and quantified in av ... | 2009 | 19278228 |
| short- and long-term modulation of the lutein epoxide and violaxanthin cycles in two species of the lauraceae: sweet bay laurel (laurus nobilis l.) and avocado (persea americana mill.). | short- and long-term responses of the violaxanthin (v) and lutein epoxide (lx) cycles were studied in two species of lauraceae: sweet bay laurel (laurus nobilis l.) and avocado (persea americana l.). the lx content exceeded the v content in shade leaves of both species. both lx and v were de-epoxidised on illumination, but only v was fully restored by epoxidation in low light. violaxanthin was preferentially de-epoxidised in low light in l. nobilis. this suggests that lx accumulates with leaf ag ... | 2008 | 18426476 |
| persea americana (avocado): bringing ancient flowers to fruit in the genomics era. | the avocado (persea americana) is a major crop commodity worldwide. moreover, avocado, a paleopolyploid, is an evolutionary "outpost" among flowering plants, representing a basal lineage (the magnoliid clade) near the origin of the flowering plants themselves. following centuries of selective breeding, avocado germplasm has been characterized at the level of microsatellite and rflp markers. nonetheless, little is known beyond these general diversity estimates, and much work remains to be done to ... | 2008 | 18348249 |
| purification and catalytic properties of polygalacturonase isoforms from ripe avocado (persea americana) fruit mesocarp. | endo-polygalacturonase (pg; ec 3.2.1.15) was recovered from the cell walls of avocado mesocarp (persea americana mill cv. lula) tissue and purified by sequential ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. two isoforms (s-i and s-ii) were recovered, exhibiting molecular masses of about 41 kd on size exclusion media and about 48 (s-i) and 46 (s-ii) kda as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). both isoforms exhibited maximum activity at ph 6.0 agai ... | 2001 | 12060298 |
| nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium in wild avocado (persea americana mill.). | resequencing studies provide the ultimate resolution of genetic diversity because they identify all mutations in a gene that are present within the sampled individuals. we report a resequencing study of persea americana, a subtropical tree species native to meso- and central america and the progenitor of cultivated avocado. the sample includes 21 wild accessions from mexico, costa rica, ecuador, and the dominican republic. estimated levels of nucleotide polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium (l ... | 2008 | 18343895 |
| biochemical analysis of reactive oxygen species production and antioxidative responses in unripe avocado (persea americana mill var hass) fruits in response to wounding. | we analyzed the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) and of detoxifying enzymes and enzymes of the ascorbate (asc) acid cycle in avocado fruit (pesea americana mill cv hass) in response to wounding. the levels of superoxide anion (o(2-), hydroxyl radicals (oh.) and hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) increased at 15 min and 2 and 15 h post-wounding. peroxidase (pod) activity had increased to high levels 24 h after wounding; in contrast, catalase and superoxide dismutase (sod) levels hat decrease ... | 2009 | 19234667 |
| chemopreventive characteristics of avocado fruit. | phytochemicals are recognized as playing an important role in cancer prevention by fruits and vegetables. the avocado is a widely grown and consumed fruit that is high in nutrients and low in calories, sodium, and fats. studies have shown that phytochemicals extracted from the avocado fruit selectively induce cell cycle arrest, inhibit growth, and induce apoptosis in precancerous and cancer cell lines. our recent studies indicate that phytochemicals extracted with chloroform from avocado fruits ... | 2007 | 17582784 |
| avocado fruit is a rich source of beta-sitosterol. | | 2001 | 11320941 |
| inhibition by (+)-persenone [corrected] a-related compounds of nitric oxide and superoxide generation from inflammatory leukocytes. | we have previously reported that persenone a, isolated from avocado fruit, is an effective inhibitor of both nitric oxide (no) and superoxide (o2-) generation in cell culture systems. in this study, we have prepared four persenone a-related compounds and examined their inhibition of no and o2- generation from inflammatory leukocytes. some structural importance in persenone a to attenuate free radical generation is discussed. | 2000 | 11193427 |
| the role of the embryo and ethylene in avocado fruit mesocarp discoloration. | chilling injury (ci) symptoms in avocado (persea americana mill.) fruit, expressed as mesocarp discoloration, were found to be associated with embryo growth and ethylene production during cold storage. in cvs ettinger and arad most mesocarp discoloration was located close to the base of the seed and was induced by ethylene treatment in seeded avocado fruit. however, ethylene did not increase mesocarp discoloration in seedless fruit stored at 5 degrees c. application of ethylene to whole fruit in ... | 2009 | 19196750 |
| pigments in avocado tissue and oil. | pigments are important contributors to the appearance and healthful properties of both avocado fruits and the oils extracted from these fruits. this study determined carotenoid and chlorophyll pigment concentrations in the skin and three sections of the flesh (outer dark green, middle pale green, and inner yellow flesh-nearest the seed) and anthocyanin concentrations in the skin of hass avocado during ripening at 20 degrees c. pigments were extracted from frozen tissue with acetone and measured ... | 2006 | 17177553 |
| simultaneous analysis of glycolipids and phospholids molecular species in avocado (persea americana mill) fruit. | the molecular species of phospholipids (pls) and glycolipids (gls) were simultaneously characterized in the pulp and almond of the avocado fruit (persea americana mill) of four varieties by means of high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry. in the pulp, the predominant species of monoglycosyldiglycerides (mgd) were m/z 796.6 (oleic/linolenic and linoleic/linoleic acids) and m/z 800.4 (stearic/linoleic and oleic/oleic acids). one of the main ... | 2007 | 17074356 |
| widespread genome duplications throughout the history of flowering plants. | genomic comparisons provide evidence for ancient genome-wide duplications in a diverse array of animals and plants. we developed a birth-death model to identify evidence for genome duplication in est data, and applied a mixture model to estimate the age distribution of paralogous pairs identified in est sets for species representing the basal-most extant flowering plant lineages. we found evidence for episodes of ancient genome-wide duplications in the basal angiosperm lineages including nuphar ... | 2006 | 16702410 |
| evidence for the transmission of information through electric potentials in injured avocado trees. | electrical excitability and signaling, frequently associated with rapid responses to environmental stimuli, have been documented in both animals and higher plants. the presence of electrical potentials (eps), such as action potentials (aps) and variation potentials (vps), in plant cells suggests that plants make use of ion channels to transmit information over long distances. the reason why plants have developed pathways for electrical signal transmission is most probably the necessity to respon ... | 2011 | 20630616 |
| field evaluation of systemic imidacloprid for the management of avocado thrips and avocado lace bug in california avocado groves. | the efficacy of systemic applications of imidacloprid for the management of avocado thrips and avocado lace bug was determined in field trials. following insecticide treatment by chemigation, leaves of appropriate age for each insect were sampled over a 6 month period and used for bioassays. imidacloprid residues were measured by elisa in leaves used for bioassays to determine concentrations of insecticide that were toxic to both pests. | 2010 | 20623704 |
| phylogenetic diversification of glycogen synthase kinase 3/shaggy-like kinase genes in plants. | the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3)/shaggy-like kinases (gsks) are non-receptor serine/threonine protein kinases that are involved in a variety of biological processes. in contrast to the two members of the gsk3 family in mammals, plants appear to have a much larger set of divergent gsk genes. plant gsks are encoded by a multigene family; analysis of the arabidopsis genome revealed the existence of 10 gsk genes that fall into four major groups. here we characterized the structure of arabidopsi ... | 2006 | 16504046 |
| in vitro activity of extracts of persea americana leaves on acyclovir-resistant and phosphonoacetic resistant herpes simplex virus. | the lyophilized aqueous crude extract (lace) from leaves of persea americana (lauraceae) species showed a strong inhibitory effect on acyclovir (acg(r)4 and dlsp tk mutants) and paa-resistant (paa(r)5 mutant) herpes simplex virus. after exhaustive washing of lace using methanol, the soluble fraction was chromatographed on a reverse-phase column giving 11 fractions that were revealed by thin-layer chromatography. analysis of the antiviral effect of the fractions showed the extract contained compo ... | 1997 | 23195586 |
| resveratrol treatment controls microbial flora, prolongs shelf life, and preserves nutritional quality of fruit. | resveratrol is known as a grapevine secondary metabolite with fungicide activity. its exogenous application on harvested grapes resulted in the reduction of microbial flora growth, and consequently, prolonged shelf life, without affecting the nutritional quality of the fruit. resveratrol treatment also resulted in being effective on fruit that normally does not accumulate such metabolites as, for example, tomatoes, apples, avocado pears, and peppers. as a result, all treated fruits maintained th ... | 2005 | 15740035 |
| carotenoid absorption from salad and salsa by humans is enhanced by the addition of avocado or avocado oil. | dietary lipids are hypothesized to be an important factor for carotenoid bioavailability. however, most carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables are low in lipids. the objective of this study was to assess whether the addition of avocado fruit as a lipid source enhances carotenoid absorption in humans. healthy subjects (n = 11/study) were recruited for 2 crossover, postprandial studies. the effect of avocado addition (150 g) to salsa on lycopene and beta-carotene absorption was examined in study 1, ... | 2005 | 15735074 |
| the phytochemical and pharmacological profile of persea americana mill. | over the past decades, herbal medicine has become a thing of global significance with medicinal and economic implications. wide spread use of herbs throughout the globe has raised serious concerns over its quality, safety, and efficacy. thus, exact scientific assessment has become a precondition for acceptance of herbal health claims. persea americana mill. (avocado) is a tree, native to central america, cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates around the world, belonging to the family la ... | 2010 | 22228945 |
| california hass avocado: profiling of carotenoids, tocopherol, fatty acid, and fat content during maturation and from different growing areas. | the california hass avocado ( persea americana ) is an example of a domesticated berry fruit that matures on the tree during its growing season but ripens only after being harvested. avocados are typically harvested multiple times during the growing season in california. previous research has demonstrated potential health benefits of avocados and extracts of avocado against inflammation and cancer cell growth, but seasonal variations in the phytochemical profile of the fruits being studied may a ... | 2009 | 19813713 |
| effect of a novel oil extraction method on avocado (persea americana mill) pulp microstructure. | avocado (persea americana mill) is an oil-rich fruit, the pulp containing up to 33% of the oil. it is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, and has nutritional properties similar to olive oil. however, there is no widespread commercial method for oil recovery from avocado pulp. the aim of this study is to contribute to the limited knowledge about the micro- and ultrastructure of avocado. it presents a micro- and ultrastructural study of avocado pulp before and after three different oil recovery m ... | 2004 | 15675146 |
| inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth by an avocado extract: role of lipid-soluble bioactive substances. | although the avocado is known as a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids, there has been far less attention given to its content of other bioactive substances including carotenoids, which might contribute to cancer preventive properties similar to those attributed to other fruits and vegetables. the yellow-green color of the avocado prompted us to study the carotenoid content of this fruit using established methods in our laboratory. the california hass avocado (persea americana mill.) was ... | 2005 | 15629237 |
| two glucosylated abscisic acid derivates from avocado seeds (persea americana mill. lauraceae cv. hass). | phytochemical investigation of avocado seed material (persea americana mill., lauraceae) resulted in the isolation of two glucosylated abscisic acid derivates. one of these was not known as a natural product and can be regarded as a potential 'missing link' in abscisic acid metabolism in plants. after fractionation by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and multiple steps of column chromatography, structures were elucidated by 1d-, 2d-nmr, electrospray-ms to be the novel beta-d-glucoside o ... | 2004 | 15081301 |
| microsatellite markers in avocado (persea americana mill.): genealogical relationships among cultivated avocado genotypes. | twenty-five microsatellite markers uniquely differentiated 35 avocado cultivars and two wild relatives. average heterozygosity was high (60.7%), ranging from 32% in p. steyermarkii to 84% in fuerte and bacon. in a subset of 15 cultivars, heterozygosity averaged 63.5% for microsatellites, compared to 41.8% for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps). a neighbor-joining tree, according to average shared allele distances, consisted of three clusters likely corresponding to the botanical r ... | 2006 | 14557394 |
| methyl de-esterification as a major factor regulating the extent of pectin depolymerization during fruit ripening: a comparison of the action of avocado (persea americana) and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) polygalacturonases. | pectinmethylesterase (pme, ec 3.2.1.11) and polygalacturonase (pg, ec 3.2.1.15) are known to operate in tandem to degrade methylesterified polyuronides. in this study, pgs purified from tomato and avocado fruit were compared in terms of their capacity to hydrolyze water-soluble polyuronides from avocado before and following enzymic or chemical de-esterification. when assayed using polygalacturonic acid or polyuronides from avocado fruit, the activity of pg from tomato fruit was 3-4 times higher ... | 2003 | 12872489 |
| effect of different extraction methods on fatty acids, volatile compounds, and physical and chemical properties of avocado (persea americana mill.) oil. | because mexico is the number one producer of avocados in the world, this fruit has potential as a source for oil extraction. it is appropriate to further investigate the detailed changes that the oil undergoes when different extraction methods are applied. this research paper presents the study of the physical and chemical changes, the fatty acids profile, the trans fatty acid content, and the identification of volatile compounds of the oils from avocado pulp (persea americana mill.), obtained b ... | 2003 | 12670159 |
| persea gratissima (avocado) sterols decrease uvb induced proinflammatory mediators. | | 2006 | 12392006 |
| determination by near-infrared spectroscopy of perseitol used as a marker for the botanical origin of avocado (persea americana mill.) honey. | this paper reports the application of near-infrared (nir) reflectance spectroscopy to determine the concentration in honey of perseitol, a sugar that is specific to avocado honey. reference values for perseitol were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis in 109 honey samples. although the average concentration of perseitol in honey samples was only 0.48%, accurate prediction equations were successfully developed. the regression model of modified partial least squares was sup ... | 2002 | 12207462 |
| acetyl-coa carboxylase inhibitors from avocado (persea americana mill) fruits. | a methanol extract of avocado fruits showed potent inhibitory activity against acetyl-coa carboxylase, a key enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis. the active principles were isolated and identified as (5e,12z,15z)-2-hydroxy-4-oxoheneicosa-5,12,15-trienyl (1), (2r,12z,15z)-2-hydroxy-4-oxoheneicosa-12,15-dienyl (2), (2r*,4r*)-2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-enyl (3) and (2r*,4r*)-2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-ynyl (4) acetates by instrumental analyses. the ic50 of the compounds were 4.0 x 10(-6), 4.9 x 10(-6), 9 ... | 2001 | 11515553 |
| constituents of the flowers of persea gratissima. | the flowers of persea gratissima yielded an acylated flavonol 3-o-trans-p-coumaroylkaempferol (1), in addition to quercetin 3-o-rhamnoside (2) and isorhamnetin 3-o-glucoside (3). | 2000 | 11449484 |
| the pathway of biosynthesis of abscisic acid in vascular plants: a review of the present state of knowledge of aba biosynthesis. | the pathway of biosynthesis of abscisic acid (aba) can be considered to comprise three stages: (i) early reactions in which small phosphorylated intermediates are assembled as precursors of (ii) intermediate reactions which begin with the formation of the uncyclized c40 carotenoid phytoene and end with the cleavage of 9'-cis-neoxanthin (iii) to form xanthoxal, the c15 skeleton of aba. the final phase comprising c15 intermediates is not yet completely defined, but the evidence suggests that xanth ... | 2001 | 11432933 |
| characterization of the 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene family and the regulation of abscisic acid biosynthesis in avocado. | avocado (persea americana mill. cv lula) is a climacteric fruit that exhibits a rise in ethylene as the fruit ripens. this rise in ethylene is followed by an increase in abscisic acid (aba), with the highest level occurring just after the peak in ethylene production. aba is synthesized from the cleavage of carotenoid precursors. the cleavage of carotenoid precursors produces xanthoxin, which can subsequently be converted into aba via aba-aldehyde. indirect evidence indicates that the cleavage re ... | 2000 | 10982448 |
| non-invasive photoacoustic spectroscopic determination of relative endogenous nitric oxide and ethylene content stoichiometry during the ripening of strawberries fragaria anannasa (duch.) and avocados persea americana (mill.). | employing non-invasive photoacoustic spectrometry, emissions of nitric oxide (no) and ethylene in post-harvest strawberries and avocados were monitored. a clear-cut stoichiometric relationship was found between the two gases: unripe fruit manifesting high no and low ethylene levels-the converse in ripe fruit. findings are discussed in the light of putative control of ethylene-promoted fruit senescence by endogenous no. | 2000 | 10944162 |
| towards reconciliation of structure with function in plasmodesmata-who is the gatekeeper? | whilst the structure of higher plant plasmodesmata was first described by robards (1963. desmotubule-a plasmodesmatal substructure. nature 218, 784), and despite many subsequent intensive investigations, there is still much that remains unclear relating to their ultrastructure and functioning in higher plants. we have examined chemically fixed plant material, and suggest that the conformational changes seen in plasmodesmatal substructure, particularly the deposition of electron-dense extra-plasm ... | 2000 | 10838030 |
| characterization of avocado (persea americana mill.) varieties of low oil content. | several avocado varieties of low oil content (6.73-8.07%) from venezuela (booth 1, booth 7, ceniap 2, figueroa, guacara morado, luiz de queiroz, princesa, quebrada seca, santa clara, santa cruz, taylor, and tonnage) were characterized for pulp oil and moisture; weight (whole fruit, seed, pulp, and peel); length, width, and fruit shape; peel characteristics (roughness, color, and hand peeling); and ripeness time. oil plus moisture percentages were between 87.62 and 93.71. pulp percentage of quebr ... | 1999 | 10552549 |
| class i endochitinase containing a hevein domain is the causative allergen in latex-associated avocado allergy. | in the medical literature immunoglobulin (ig)e-mediated sensitization to avocado is rarely reported. on the other hand, more than 50% of subjects having ige-mediated natural rubber latex allergy are sensitized to avocado fruit as demonstrated by skin-prick testing and/or specific ige measurements and about 10-20% report hypersensitivity reactions after ingesting avocado. | 1999 | 10231327 |
| identification of hevein (hev b 6.02) in hevea latex as a major cross-reacting allergen with avocado fruit in patients with latex allergy. | recent studies demonstrated that allergy to natural rubber latex is frequently associated with hypersensitivity to avocado fruit. the responsible cross-sensitizing allergen has not been identified. | 1998 | 9768591 |
| class i chitinases with hevein-like domain, but not class ii enzymes, are relevant chestnut and avocado allergens. | several foods associated with the latex-fruit syndrome present relevant allergens of around 30 kd. neither these components nor any other responsible for the reported cross-reactions have been identified and purified. | 1998 | 9679856 |
| metabolic control of avocado fruit growth (isoprenoid growth regulators and the reaction catalyzed by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase). | the effect of isoprenoid growth regulators on avocado (persea americana mill. cv hass) fruit growth and mesocarp 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmgr) activity was investigated during the course of fruit ontogeny. both normal and small-fruit phenotypes were used to probe the interaction between the end products of isoprenoid biosynthesis and the activity of hmgr in the metabolic control of avocado fruit growth. kinetic analysis of the changes in both cell number and size reveale ... | 1997 | 12223724 |
| primary structure of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor from the fruit of avocado (persea americana mill). | the complete amino acid sequence of a proteinaceous cysteine proteinase inhibitor from the fruit of avocado (avocado cystatin) is presented. the protein consists of 100 amino acid residues and has a molecular mass of 11,300 da. comparison of this sequence with sequences of plant cysteine proteinase inhibitors (phytocystatins), including oryzacystatins i and ii from rice seeds, cowpea cystatin, and corn cystatin, showed that the avocado cystatin molecule has 60% and 54% residues identical with th ... | 1995 | 8611758 |
| cloning and sequencing of a cdna for poplar endo-1,4-beta-glucanase. | a cdna for poplar endo-1,4-beta-glucanase was cloned by use of a synthetic oligonucleotide as probe. the probe was designed on the basis of the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the beta-glucanase from suspension-cultured poplar cells (populus alba l.), and by complete nucleotide sequence of the cdna was determined. the 1,614-bp cdna contained an open reading frame of 1,482 base pairs, encoding 494 amino acids. removal of a putative signal sequence from the deduced amino acid sequence of the pol ... | 1995 | 8564298 |
| cellulase occurs in multiple active forms in ripe avocado fruit mesocarp. | the existence of multiple forms of avocado (persea americana mill. cv hass) cellulase in crude protein extracts of ripe avocado fruit is reported. cellulase was separated into at least 11 multiple forms by native isoelectric focusing in the ph range between 4 and 7 and visualized by both activity staining using congo red and immunostaining. the enzyme components were acidic proteins with isoelectric points in the range of ph 5.10 to 6.80, the predominant forms having isoelectric points of 5.60, ... | 1992 | 16668672 |
| solubilisation, partial purification and properties of acyl-coa: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from avocado (persea americana) fruit mesocarp. | glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (g3pat) activity was studied using a microsomal membrane fraction from avocado (persea americana) mesocarp. g3pat was shown to be an integral membrane protein, having an active site that appeared to be accessible to the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum, in experiments using limited proteolytic digestion. chaps solubilisation (0.25%, w/v) of microsomal g3pat activity was used as an initial step in purification of this enzyme. both chaps-solubilise ... | 1995 | 7599174 |
| purification and properties of wall-bound endo-1, 4-beta-glucanase from suspension-cultured poplar cells. | a wall-bound endo-1, 4-beta-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.4) was obtained from a preparation of the cell walls of suspension-cultured poplar cells and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by cation-exchange, hydrophobic, and gel-filtration chromatography. the molecular mass was estimated to be 47 kda by sds-page and 48 kda by gel filtration on superdex 200 pg. the isoelectric point (pi) was 5.6. the purified enzyme catalyzed the endo-hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose with an optimal ph of 6.5, a km ... | 1995 | 7640890 |
| xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase impact plant hormone homeostasis and affect fruit size in 'hass' avocado. | the contribution of xanthine dehydrogenase (xdh, ec 1.1.1.204) to fruit size was investigated using the normal and small-fruit variants of persea americana mill. cv. 'hass'. inhibition of xdh by treatment of normal fruit, in the linear phase of growth (phase ii), with allopurinol (allo) arrested fruit growth. adenine (ade), a less effective inhibitor of this enzyme, also arrested fruit growth when applied in phase ii and slowed fruit growth when applied in phase iii. a time-course study on the a ... | 2004 | 15015080 |
| integrating gene flow, crop biology, and farm management in on-farm conservation of avocado (persea americana, lauraceae). | maintaining crop diversity on farms where cultivars can evolve is a conservation goal, but few tools are available to assess the long-term maintenance of genetic diversity on farms. one important issue for on-farm conservation is gene flow from crops with a narrow genetic base into related populations that are genetically diverse. in a case study of avocado (persea americana var. americana) in one of its centers of diversity (san jerónimo, costa rica), we used 10 dna microsatellite markers in a ... | 2003 | 21653337 |
| two divergent endo-beta-1,4-glucanase genes exhibit overlapping expression in ripening fruit and abscising flowers. | two structurally divergent endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (egase) cdnas were cloned from tomato. although both cdnas (cel1 and cel2) encode potentially glycosylated, basic proteins of 51 to 53 kd and possess multiple amino acid domains conserved in both plant and microbial egases, cel1 and cel2 exhibit only 50% amino acid identity at the overall sequence level. amino acid sequence comparisons to other plant egases indicate that tomato cel1 is most similar to bean abscission zone egase (68%), whereas ce ... | 1994 | 7994180 |
| regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase in avocado fruit during development and ripening. | the activity, protein, and isoenzymic profiles of glutamate de-hydrogenase (gdh) and glutamine synthetase (gs) were studied during development and ripening of avocado (percea americana mill. cv hass) fruit. during fruit development, the activity and protein content of both gdh and gs remained relatively constant. in contrast, considerable changes in these enzymes were observed during ripening of avocado fruit. the specific activity of gdh increased about 4-fold, coincident with a similar increas ... | 1994 | 12232322 |
| avocado hypersensitivity. | the avocado (av) is a fruit that belongs to the lauraceae family. we report 17 patients with immediate hypersensitivity to avocado. clinical manifestations in relation to avocado ingestion were as follows: systemic anaphylaxis in seven patients, angioedema/urticaria in six, vomiting in two, bronchial asthma in one, and rhinoconjunctivitis in one. skin prick test (spt) with fresh avocado was positive in all patients with the strong avocado variety (sav) and in 14 patients with the hass avocado va ... | 1994 | 8074265 |
| endo-1,4-beta-glucanase in the cell wall of stems of auxin-treated pea seedlings. | endo-1,4-beta-glucanase induced by treatment of pea seedlings with 2,4-d was extracted from a preparation of the walls of epicotyl cells. the beta-glucanase was purified by chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on con a-sepharose and sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the activity of beta-glucanase was retained after removal of sds and extraction from polyacrylamide gels. the band of a protein (46 kda), that corresponded to the activity of endo-1,4-beta-glucan ... | 1994 | 8055174 |
| characterization and accumulation pattern of an mrna encoding an abscission-related beta-1,4-glucanase from leaflets of sambucus nigra. | a cdna library was produced using mrna extracted from ethylene-treated leaflet abscission zones of common elder (sambucus nigra). screening of the library with the insert from pbac10, which encodes an abscission beta-1,4-glucanase (cellulase) from bean (phaseolus vulgaris), resulted in the isolation of a near-full-length cdna which was designated jet 1. northern analysis, using jet 1 as a probe, detected a transcript of 1.9 kb that accumulated prior to the first visible signs of cell separation. ... | 1994 | 8204832 |
| partitioning of photoassimilates in avocado (persea americana mill.) during flowering and fruit set. | to assess competition for photoassimilates among developing inflorescences, fruitlets and vegetative shoots in avocado (persea americana mill.), the distribution of recent photoassimilates was examined before and during flowering, fruit set, and the transition from sink to source of developing vegetative shoots. mature leaves, located proximal to developing reproductive organs, and developing leaves, located distal to those organs, were exposed to a one-hour pulse of (14)co(2). translocation of ... | 1994 | 14967710 |
| activation of anthocyanin synthesis genes by white light in eggplant hypocotyl tissues, and identification of an inducible p-450 cdna. | eggplant seedlings (solanum melongena) grown under red light irradiation showed a normal morphology with green, fully expanded cotyledons. when the seedlings grown under red light were irradiated with ultraviolet-containing white light, anthocyanin synthesis was induced in the hypocotyl tissues, especially when a uv light supplement was added. the accumulation of pigments was closely associated with the expression of genes involved in flavonoid synthesis. these genes include chalcone synthase (c ... | 1993 | 8260632 |
| cdnas sequences encoding cytochrome p450 (cyp71 family) from eggplant seedlings. | three cytochrome p450 (p450) cdnas were isolated from an eggplant hypocotyl cdna library using eggplant cyp75 cdna as a probe. these cdnas have greater than 65% identity in their amino acid sequences, indicating that they belong to the same family. comparison of these with p450 proteins from other sources showed that the protein with the greatest degree of homology is cyp71, isolated from avocado fruits (approximately 48%). we concluded that they are novel members of the cyp71 gene family (cyp71 ... | 1993 | 8365486 |
| ethylene and wound-induced gene expression in the preclimacteric phase of ripening avocado fruit and mesocarp discs. | whereas intact postharvest avocado (persea americana mill.) fruit may take 1 or more weeks to ripen, ripening is hastened by pulsing fruit for 24 h with ethylene or propylene and is initiated promptly by cutting slices, or discs, of mesocarp tissue. because the preclimacteric lag period constitutes the extended and variable component of the ripening syndrome, we postulated that selective gene expression during the lag period leads to the triggering of the climacteric. accordingly, we sought to i ... | 1993 | 12231929 |
| polyuronides in avocado (persea americana) and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) fruits exhibit markedly different patterns of molecular weight downshifts during ripening. | avocado (persea americana) fruit experience a rapid and extensive loss of firmness during ripening. in this study, we examined whether the chelator solubility and molecular weight of avocado polyuronides paralleled the accumulation of polygalacturonase (pg) activity and loss in fruit firmness. polyuronides were derived from ethanolic precipitates of avocado mesocarp prepared using a procedure to rapidly inactivate endogenous enzymes. during ripening, chelator (cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine tetra ... | 1993 | 12231835 |
| ethylene-mediated posttranscriptional regulation in ripening avocado (persea americana) mesocarp discs. | discs of avocado (persea americana) fruit (15 x 3 mm thick) kept in a stream of moist air ripen within 72 h. following cutting, a modest evolution of wound ethylene that dissipates in 24 h is followed by a burst of autocatalytic ethylene production associated with a respiratory climacteric, much as in the intact fruit. aminoethoxyvinylglycine (avg), an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, and 2,5-norbornadiene (nbd) and ag+, inhibitors of ethylene action, inhibit disc ripening, as does 2,4-dichlorop ... | 1993 | 12231832 |
| cloning and characterization of avocado fruit mrnas and their expression during ripening and low-temperature storage. | differential screening of a cdna library made from rna extracted from avocado (persea americana mill cv. hass) fruit stored at low temperature (7 degrees c) gave 23 cdna clones grouped into 10 families, 6 of which showed increased expression during cold storage and normal ripening. partial dna sequencing was carried out for representative clones. database searches found homologies with a polygalacturonase (pg), endochitinase, cysteine proteinase inhibitor and several stress-related proteins. no ... | 1993 | 8095163 |
| expression of a cytochrome p450 gene family in maize. | maize seedlings, like seedlings of many other plants, are rich in cytochrome p450 (p450) enzyme activity. four p450 genes (cypzm1-4), isolated from a seedling-specific cdna library, are characterized by a transient and seedling-specific expression pattern. the maximum steady state mrna levels are reached at 3 days in root and at 7 days in shoot tissue, respectively. all four genes belong to one gene family and are closely related to the cyp71 family of plant p450 genes, which includes the enzyme ... | 1995 | 7823905 |
| functional and dna sequence divergence of the cyp71 gene family in higher plants. | during ripening of avocado (persea americana), the cyp71a1 mrna and protein accumulate to relatively high levels. although the cyp71a1 gene was the first plant p450 to be cloned and sequenced, the functional role of this p450 remains obscure. substrate studies have shown that cyp71a1 will metabolize various monoterpenes (nerol and geraniol), although these have not been detected in ripening fruit. using dna from a conserved domain of the cyp71a1 gene, we have explored the scope of the cyp71 (or ... | 1995 | 8820853 |
| isolation and identification of a compound from avocado (persea americana) leaves which causes necrosis of the acinar epithelium of the lactating mammary gland and the myocardium. | it is well known that when lactating livestock eat avocado (persea americana) leaves they may develop non-infectious mastitis and agalactia. this is associated with extensive coagulation necrosis of the secretory acinar epithelium and interstitial oedema, congestion, and haemorrhage. similar lesions have been produced in mammary glands of lactating mice fed a diet containing a small percentage of freeze-dried avocado leaf. tests using these animals have been used to isolate the active principle, ... | 1995 | 8581318 |
| cellulase and polygalacturonase involvement in the abscission of leaf and fruit explants of peach. | ethylene-induced abscission in leaf and fruit explants of peach involves different enzymes. in leaves abscission is accompanied by increased occurrence of cellulase forms differing in isoelectric point (pi 6.5 and 9.5). a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 51 kda gives in a western blot a strong cross-reaction with an antibody raised against a maturation cellulase from avocado fruit. cellulase activity is also found in abscising fruit explants but the amount is very low compared to that of the ... | 1992 | 1281437 |
| carbon dioxide exchange of developing avocado (persea americana mill.) fruit. | net efflux of co(2) from attached avocado (persea americana mill.) fruit was measured periodically from three weeks after anthesis to fruit maturity. net co(2) exchange was determined in daylight (light respiration, r(l)) at a photosynthetic photon flux (ppf) greater than 600 micromol m(-1) s(-1), and in the dark (dark respiration, r(d)). dark respiration and r(l) were highest during the early cell division stage of fruit growth (about 25 and 22 nmol co(2) g(dw) (-1) s(-1), respectively) and dec ... | 1992 | 14969969 |
| interactions of avocado (persea americana) cytochrome p-450 with monoterpenoids. | the microsomal fraction of avocado (persea americana) mesocarp is a rich source of cytochrome p-450 active in the demethylation of xenobiotics. cytochrome p-450 from this tissue has been purified and well characterized at the molecular level (dp o'keefe, kj leto [1989] plant physiol 89: 1141-1149; kr bozak, h yu, r sirevag, re christoffersen [1990] proc natl acad sci usa 87: 3904-3908). despite this extensive characterization, the role of the enzyme in vivo was not established. optical and elect ... | 1992 | 16668790 |
| characterization and kinetic parameters of ethylene-forming enzyme from avocado fruit. | biosynthesis of the phytohormone ethylene in higher plants proceeds via the following pathway: s-adenosylmethionine----1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc)----ethylene. ethylene-forming enzyme (efe), the enzyme responsible for the oxidation of acc to ethylene, has been only partially characterized in vitro. we have obtained authentic efe activity in vitro from extracts of avocado fruit (persea americana mill. cv hass). ammonium sulfate fractionation revealed the presence of two efe activi ... | 1992 | 1556109 |
| ripening-related gene from avocado fruit : ethylene-inducible expression of the mrna and polypeptide. | fruit ripening involves a series of changes in gene expression regulated by the phytohormone ethylene. avoe3, a ripening-related gene in avocado fruit (persea americana mill. cv hass), was characterized with regard to its ethylene-regulated expression. the avoe3 mrna and immunopositive protein were induced in mature fruit within 12 hours of propylene treatment. the avoe3 mrna levels reached a maximum 1 to 2 days before the ethylene climacteric, whereas the immunopositive protein continued to acc ... | 1992 | 16668676 |
| avocado fruit protoplasts: a cellular model system for ripening studies. | mesocarp protoplasts were isolated from mature avocado fruits (persea americana cv. hass) at varying stages of propylene-induced ripening. qualitative changes in the pattern of radiolabel incorporation into polypeptides were observed in cells derived from fruit at the different stages. many of these differences correlate with those observed during radiolabeling of polypeptides from fresh tissue slices prepared from unripe and ripe fruit. protoplasts isolated from fruit treated with propylene for ... | 1991 | 24221285 |
| involvement of wound and climacteric ethylene in ripening avocado discs. | avocado (persea americana mill. cv hass) discs (3 mm thick) ripened in approximately 72 hours when maintained in a flow of moist air and resembled ripe fruit in texture and taste. ethylene evolution by discs of early and midseason fruit was characterized by two distinct components, viz. wound ethylene, peaking at approximately 18 hours, and climacteric ethylene, rising to a peak at approximately 72 hours. a commensurate respiratory stimulation accompanied each ethylene peak. aminoethoxyvinyl gly ... | 1991 | 16668458 |
| suppression of cellulase and polygalacturonase and induction of alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes in avocado fruit mesocarp subjected to low oxygen stress. | expression of polygalacturonase and cellulase, two hydrolytic enzymes of avocado (persea americana, cv hass) fruit which are synthesized de novo during ripening, and alcohol dehydrogenase, a known anaerobic protein, were studied under different o(2) regimes. low o(2) concentrations (2.5-5.5%) diminished the accumulation of polygalacturonase and cellulase proteins and the expression of their isoenzymes. this pattern of change in cellulase protein was also reflected in the steady-state amount of i ... | 1991 | 16668163 |
| metabolically driven self-restoration of energy-linked functions by avocado mitochondria: general characteristics and phosphorylative aspects. | to assess the restorative capacity of isolated avocado (persea americana) fruit mitochondria, the organelles were first aged in the absence of an energy source at 25 degrees c for several hours until respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation were greatly diminished or totally lost. energy-linked functions were then gradually restored over a period of several hours after the addition of substrate. restoration of respiratory control resulted from both an increase in state 3 and a decrease ... | 1991 | 16668096 |
| sequence analysis and comparison of avocado fruit and bean abscission cellulases. | a 1700 nucleotide cdna clone for a bean (phaseolus vulgaris cv red kidney) abscission cellulase (endo-(1,4)-beta-d-glucanase) has been identified and sequenced. this cdna clone contains a 1485 nucleotide open reading frame which includes coding sequences for a putative signal peptide and mature protein. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences for the bean abscission cellulase are compared to the previously reported sequences of an avocado fruit ripening cellulase. optimal alignment of th ... | 1991 | 16668074 |