| auxin and ethylene regulation of diameter growth in trees. | recent studies on the phytohormonal regulation of seasonal cell-division activity in the cambium, primary-wall radial expansion of cambial derivatives, differentiation of xylem cells, and growth of the cortex in forest trees of the north temperate zone are reviewed. indol-3-ylacetic acid (iaa, auxin) has been characterized by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) in the cambial region of abies balsamea, pinus densiflora, pinus sylvestris and quercus robur. all of the evidence sup ... | 1988 | 14972810 |
| seasonal variation in ethylene concentration in the wood of pinus sylvestris l. | ethylene concentrations were determined in gas samples extracted from sealed holes made in the sapwood and heartwood of stems of 70-100-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l). gas could be collected from the heartwood holes by lowering the pressure by means of a large syringe. however, attempts to extract gas from air spaces in the sapwood with the same technique failed, presumably because of lack of an interconnected system of gas-filled canals. high ethylene concentrations, usually in excess ... | 1991 | 14972877 |
| seasonal changes in amino acids, protein and total nitrogen in needles of fertilized scots pine trees. | seasonal changes in amino acids, protein and total nitrogen in needles of 30-year-old, fertilized scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees growing in northern sweden were investigated over two years in field experiments. the studied plots had been fertilized annually for 17 years with (i) a high level of n, (ii) a medium level of n, or (iii) a medium level of n, p and k. trees growing on unfertilized plots served as controls. in control trees, glutamine, glutamic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, asp ... | 1990 | 14972938 |
| induction of acropetal (14)c-photosynthate transport and radial growth by indole-3-acetic acid in pinus sylvestris shoots. | the relationship between radial growth and assimilate movement was determined in one-year-old pinus sylvestris (l.) cuttings collected during the dormant period and reactivated for 1-27 days under environmental conditions favorable for growth. the cuttings were either left with buds intact, defoliated along the distal 8 cm, or debudded and treated apically with 0 or 1 mg g(-1) indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in lanolin. radial growth was measured as tracheid production and bark radial width. the dist ... | 1990 | 14972949 |
| effects of low night temperature and light on chlorophyll fluorescence of field-grown seedlings of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). | in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics was observed in naturally regenerated and planted scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings growing at two adjacent sites in northern sweden. some seedlings were shaded from direct solar radiation and some were protected from frost at night. air temperature and solar radiation were monitored. in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics of current-year needles was measured at both room temperature and 77 k. on clear days during august, variable fluorescenc ... | 1987 | 14975814 |
| nitrate metabolism in scots pine seedlings during their first growing season. | fluctuations in nitrate reductase activity (nra), nitrate, nitrite, protein and total nitrogen content of bare-root scots pine seedlings (pinus sylvestris l.) raised outdoors were investigated during the first growing season. nitrate reductase activity was higher in roots than in needles, whereas no(3) (-) content was higher in needles than in roots and increased in both from june to october. nitrate reductase activity in roots correlated more closely with no(3) (-) n in the soil than did no(3) ... | 1987 | 14975821 |
| indole 3-acetic acid concentration in the leading shoot and living stem bark of scots pine: seasonal variation and effects of pruning. | seasonal changes in the concentration of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in the leading shoot and in the live tissue external to the xylem (living bark) of 2-3 m tall scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees were observed over a period of three years. both the leading shoot and the living bark showed a consistent pattern of seasonal variation in iaa content, with maxima of about 150 and 350 ng g(-1) (fresh weight), respectively. the iaa concentration in both tissues increased in late june at the time o ... | 1987 | 14975829 |
| adaptation to climatic changes of the timing of bud burst in populations of pinus sylvestris l. and picea abies (l.) karst. | to assess the long-term effects of the projected climatic change on scots pine and norway spruce in finland, observations were made on the timing of bud burst in provenance experiments established in 1931-1932 and in 1978. significant differences in the timing of bud burst were found between seed origins. the northernmost origins flushed earlier than origins from southern regions. however, no correlation was found between the effective temperature sum at which bud burst took place and the annual ... | 1994 | 14967662 |
| dependence of light interception efficiency of scots pine shoots on structural parameters. | the ratio of shoot silhouette area to total needle area (star) is one means of quantifying the light interception efficiency of a coniferous shoot. the silhouette area (or star) of a shoot depends on various structural characteristics of the shoot, and also varies with the direction of the shoot relative to the direction of radiation (sun angle). the mean star taken over all directions in space is the mean ratio of shoot silhouette area to total needle area in an isotropic radiation field. it al ... | 1994 | 14967663 |
| performance of the lai-2000 plant canopy analyzer in estimating leaf area index of some scots pine stands. | the lai-2000 plant canopy analyzer (li-cor, inc., lincoln, ne) was tested at six experimental plots of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in central sweden at peak leaf area in august and after litterfall in october 1990. an independent estimate of leaf area index for august 1990 was obtained based on an empirically derived regression of needle area on stem sapwood area, and the decrease in leaf area between the two measurements was estimated from measurements of litterfall. a strong linear relati ... | 1994 | 14967664 |
| aftereffects of maternal environment on autumn frost hardiness in pinus sylvestris seedlings in relation to cultivation techniques. | full-sib families of pinus sylvestris (l.) from genetically identical parent clones, grown at three geographic locations (64, 59.5, and 56 degrees n), were tested for autumn frost hardiness. at one of the locations (64 degrees n), maternal clones were grown in plots subjected to different site treatments. progenies raised in a heated greenhouse with additional artificial light were induced to undergo two shoot elongation periods, separated by a period with long nights and non-hardening temperatu ... | 1994 | 14967705 |
| stomatal responses to humidity in selected conifers. | stomatal response to changes in leaf-to-air water vapor pressure difference (d) was studied in needles of the current year's shoot of three-year-old seedlings of picea sitchensis (bong.) carr., pinus contorta dougl. ex loud., larix x eurolepis henry, and pinus sylvestris l. both eight-week- and ten-month-old shoots of p. sylvestris were studied. stomata of all the species responded by closing to some degree as d was increased over the range 0.4-2.0 kpa. ten-month-old shoots of p. sylvestris show ... | 1986 | 14975844 |
| changes in carbon allocation patterns in spruce and pine trees following irrigation and fertilization. | the paper presents an overview of the results of long-term fertilization and irrigation experiments in stands of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.). large increases in stemwood production during the first 12 years of the experiments were achieved by fertilization especially when a balanced mixture of macro- and micronutrients was applied. the effect of irrigation alone was small, but it greatly enhanced the response of the ground vegetation to the applic ... | 1986 | 14975853 |
| effects of maternal environment on mortality and growth in young pinus sylvestris in field trials. | the same full-sib families of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) were created by artificial pollination of genetically identical grafts at three localities in sweden at approximately 56, 59 and 64 degrees n. two field trials were established with one-year-old plants in different years at latitude 64 degrees n. height and survival were monitored for 4-5 years following planting. maternal environment had significant aftereffects on the height of progeny. in both field trials, plants with the materna ... | 1994 | 14967706 |
| photosynthesis of a scots pine shoot: a comparison of two models of shoot photosynthesis in direct and diffuse radiation fields. | two models of shoot photosynthesis, the needle surface element model (sem) and needle volume element model (vem), were tested against empirical data obtained from measurements of the photosynthetic response of twelve scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) shoots in direct and diffuse radiation. the models assume that shoot photosynthesis is obtained as the integrated response of either all needle surface area elements (sem) or all needle volume elements (vem) of the shoot. the models differ in that ne ... | 1992 | 14969863 |
| nutrient retranslocation within the foliage of pinus sylvestris. | during the period 1983-1987, retranslocation of n, p, k, ca, mg, mn, zn, fe, b and al within the foliage of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) was studied in sapling, pole-stage and mature stands in eastern finland. needle concentrations of the mobile nutrients n, p, and k varied seasonally because of retranslocation. in unfertilized plots, needle contents of n, p and k decreased 62-92% during senescence and needle dry weight decreased 19-51%. in some years, needle contents of ca, mn, zn, fe, b an ... | 1992 | 14969874 |
| patterns in aboveground carbon allocation and tree architecture that favor stem growth in young scots pine from high latitudes. | the production and allocation of aboveground biomass and the characteristics of tree architecture were examined in eight-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). considerable among-tree variation existed in tree architecture, total aboveground dry mass production, and dry mass partitioning among tree parts. a linear relationship existed between needle and branch mass. stem mass was directly proportional to tree height, which in turn was directly proportional to the allocation ratio between ste ... | 1992 | 14969876 |
| free amino acids and protein in scots pine seedlings cultivated at different nutrient availabilities. | scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings of a provenance from northern sweden were cultivated hydroponically for 7 weeks in a climate chamber. the nutrient solution contained either 2.5 (low-n) or 50 (high-n) mg n l(-1) with other essential elements added in a fixed optimal proportion to the nitrogen. after 5 and 7 weeks, the seedlings were analyzed for growth, total nitrogen and other essential nutrients, protein and free amino acids. low-n seedlings grew more slowly and had higher root/shoot ... | 1993 | 14969902 |
| effects of temperature on shoot growth in northern provenances of pinus sylvestris l. | effects of temperature on shoot growth in northern provenances of pinus sylvestris l. were studied under natural long-day conditions (lat. 69 degrees 39' n) at controlled temperatures. the optimum constant temperature for formation of stem unit primordia in the terminal resting bud was 18 to 21 degrees c. stem unit number decreased linearly with temperature between 15 and 9 degrees c. temperature during bud formation had a significant effect on final stem unit length achieved in the following ye ... | 1986 | 14975895 |
| influence of gibberellic acid and stock plant irradiance on carbohydrate content and rooting in cuttings of scots pine seedlings (pinus sylvestris l.). | seedlings of pinus sylvestris l. were grown at three different irradiances (12, 30, or 60 w m(-2)) under a 17 h photoperiod. after six weeks, cuttings were excised and rooted at 30 w m(-2). gibberellic acid (ga(3), 5 microl of 2 x 10(-4) or 2 x 10(-3) m) was applied to each cutting immediately after excision. cuttings from stock plants grown at the low irradiance rooted most quickly, whereas the highest number of roots per cutting was obtained in cuttings from stock plants grown at 30 w m(-2). g ... | 1986 | 14975914 |
| forest health status in the carpathian mountains over the period 1997-2001. | the results of forest health status assessments in the carpathian mountains from the monitoring networks developed by the european union scheme on the protection of forest against atmospheric pollution (eu scheme) and international co-operative programme on assessment and monitoring of air pollution effects on forests (icp-forests), have led to a better understanding of the impact of air pollution and other stressors on forests at the regional scale. during the period 1997-2001, forests in the c ... | 2004 | 15046844 |
| the effects of uv exclusion on the soluble phenolics of young scots pine seedlings in the subarctic. | the characteristics of uv-absorbing compounds, particularly soluble phenolics, were studied in needles of 63-day-old seed-grown scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings of two provenances in a uv exclusion field experiment at pallas-ounastunturi national park in finnish lapland (68 degrees n, 270 m a.s.l.). the experiment used the following plastic filters in exclosure treatments to manipulate the spectral balance of natural irradiance: (1) 'control' (a polyethene plastic filter); (2) 'uv-b ex ... | 1999 | 15093049 |
| decomposer animal communities in forest soil along heavy metal pollution gradient. | responses of soil decomposer animals to heavy metal contamination and to concomitant changes in organic matter quality and quantity and in soil microbial biomasses have been studied along a pollution gradient from a cu-ni smelter. samples have been taken separately for nematodes, enchytraeids and microarthropods 0.5, 2 and 8 km from the smelter. special attention has been paid to the changes in the collembolan fauna. the sampling sites have been located in homogeneous scots pine ( pinus sylvestr ... | 1996 | 15067469 |
| vitality fertilization of scots pine stands growing along a gradient of heavy metal pollution: short-term effects on microbial biomass and respiration rate of the humus layer. | in 1992 forest vitality fertilization experiments were established on a heavy metal deposition gradient with four treatments in three replications at distances of 0.5, 4 and 8 km from a cu-ni smelter in order to estimate their impact on the disturbed forest ecosystem. the increase in cu concentration in the humus (f/h) layer of the calluna site type scots pine (pinus sylvestris) stands from ca. 300 to 8000 mg kg(-1) d.m. (dry matter) along the 8 km long transect towards the smelter resulted in d ... | 1996 | 15067486 |
| significance of wood terpenoids in the resistance of scots pine provenances against the old house borer, hylotrupes bajulus, and brown-rot fungus, coniophora puteana. | we tested how terpenoid (i.e., monoterpenes and resin acids) composition and concentration in wood affects resistance against wood-borers and decaying fungi. scots pine (pinus sylvestris) wood from nine provenances having variable terpenoid profiles was studied against the old house borer, hylotrupes bajulus, and the decay fungus, coniophora puteana. provenances represented a 1200-km n-s transect from estonia to northern finland, but they were all cultivated for 7 years in the same nursery field ... | 2004 | 15074661 |
| scots pine needle surfaces on radial transects across the north boreal area of finnish lapland and the kola peninsula of russia. | to gain an understanding of the characteristics of the needle surfaces of naturally regenerated scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and their geographical distribution, eight physicochemical variables were investigated within the north boreal forest area. the visibly undamaged needles were collected in autumn 1990 from 114 plots (3-5 pines per plot) along radial transects from the monchegorsk and nikel smelters, emitting so2 and heavy metals, on the kola peninsula, russia, to finnish lapland. the n ... | 1996 | 15091357 |
| assessing the critical level of so2 for scots pine in situ. | a field survey was performed in eastern finland, where measured ambient so2 concentrations were 1.4-3.8 microg m(-3) a(-1) and bulk s deposition 0.17-0.32 g m(-2) a(-1) in 1991-1993. the accumulation of sulphur (s) in needles of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) was studied with xrf, ic and fesem analyses and the needle damage examined under a light microscope and by sem. foliar n concentrations were also measured. foliar total s concentrations were observed to be above the normal s level (500-70 ... | 1996 | 15091366 |
| the effect of simulated acid rain on the biochemical composition of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles. | the effects of prolonged simulated acid rain on the biochemistry of scots pine needles were studied in finnish lapland. pine trees were exposed by spraying the foliage and soil with either clean water or simulated acid rain (sar; both sulphuric and nitric acids) over the period 1985-1991. the concentrations of carbohydrates (starch, glucose, fructose, sucrose) in one-year-old pine needles were not affected by sar-treatments. the sar-treatments did not have significant effects on protein bound am ... | 1996 | 15091384 |
| antibacterial effects of knotwood extractives on paper mill bacteria. | hydrophilic knotwood extracts from 18 wood species were assessed in disc diffusion and liquid culture tests for antibacterial effects against three species of paper mill bacteria. the pinus sylvestris, p. resinosa, p. contorta, and p. banksiana extracts decreased or inhibited bacterial growth. the susceptibility order was p. sylvestris > p. resinosa > p. contorta > p. banksiana, correlating with the concentrations of pinosylvin and pinosylvin monomethyl ether in these wood species. also, pseudot ... | 2004 | 15112061 |
| effects of acid rain on growth and nutrient concentrations in scots pine and norway spruce seedlings grown in a nutrient-rich soil. | the effects of artificially applied acid precipitation on growth and nutrient concentrations of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst.) seedlings were investigated in a long-term acid irrigation experiment in field conditions. seedlings of northern and southern origin were planted in boxes containing peat and composted soil rich in nutrients, and sprinkler irrigated with water acidified with nitric and sulphuric acids to ph 3 or ph 4 for periods varying from ... | 1995 | 15091531 |
| monitoring environmental pollution in poland by chemical analysis of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles. | maps of the distribution of environmental pollution by sulfur (s), zinc (zn), cadmium (cd), lead (pb), copper (cu), and arsenic (as) for the territory of poland and the warsaw (warszawa) district were developed on the basis of chemical analysis of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles collected from randomly selected sampling points during 1983-1985. the maps show deposition zones for the studied elements and can help in identification of sources and directions of air pollution dispersion. th ... | 1995 | 15091612 |
| conifer aphids in an air-polluted environment. ii. host plant quality. | scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings were transported to five forest sites at increasing distances from a pulp mill emitting mainly so(2). levels of compounds which may have nutritional or defensive value for aphids on pine and spruce seedlings were studied. glucose and fructose concentrations were significantly increased in pine and spruce needles near the pulp mill. there were no changes in sucrose and starch concentrations. in pine shoots, tot ... | 1993 | 15091864 |
| the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition and soil chemistry on the nutritional status of pseudotsuga menziesii, pinus nigra and pinus sylvestris. | the ammonium content and the base cation content, expressed relative to ammonium, are enhanced in the soil of dutch forests, due to the extremely high deposition of ammonium to the forest floor. a nation-wide investigation was carried out to establish whether and how these changed nitrogen fluxes in deposition and soil affect the nutritional status of coniferous trees. the chemical composition of needles of douglas fir, scots pine and corsican pine showed a regional trend similar to that of depo ... | 1993 | 15091876 |
| monoterpenes emitted to air from industrial barking of scandinavian conifers. | monoterpenes released to air were determined during single-log barking of timber at a saw-mill and during tumble drum barking of pulpwood at a tmp mill. characteristic proportions of fourteen compounds were assessed by adsorbent sampling and gas chromatography. for scots pine (pinus sylvestris), the bicylic monoterpenes alpha-pinene and 3-carene predominated. for norway spruce (picea abies), alpha-pinene followed by beta-pinene were the major components. the proportions of beta-phellandrene and ... | 1993 | 15091881 |
| photooxidant-forming monoterpenes in air plumes from kraft pulp industries. | monoterpenes emitted to air from two swedish kraft (sulphate) pulp-mills were determined by sampling on the tenax adsorbent followed by laboratory analysis using thermal desorption combined with high-resolution gas chromatography. the composition of the terpenes was found to be similar in the emissions from various parts of the process as well as in the mill plume. the bicyclic terpenes alpha-pinene and 3-carene, originating principally from wood of scots pine (pinus sylvestris), predominated am ... | 1993 | 15091882 |
| research on the impact of forest stand structure on atmospheric deposition. | dry and wet deposition onto thirty forest stands in relation to stand structure is studied by sampling throughfall and bulk precipitation. nine measurement sites are situated in pseudotsuga menziesii stands, ten in pinus sylvestris and eleven in quercus robur stands. all stands are situated within a radius of 1.2 km to assure a more or less equal air pollution load. in each stand, detailed forest structure inventories are made to determine aerodynamic roughness, collecting efficiency and surface ... | 1992 | 15092040 |
| combined use of open-air and indoor fumigation systems to study effects of so2 on leaching processes in scots pine litter. | both an open-air fumigation system and a laboratory-based system were used to expose decomposing scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles to controlled concentrations of so(2) (arithmetic mean </= 48 nl litre(-1)) during a period, in total, of 301 days. the experimental design involved reciprocal litter transplants from 'clean' to 'polluted' air and vice versa, using the two fumigation systems. the objectives were (1) to observe the effects of so(2) on leachate and litter chemistry, (2) to asses ... | 1991 | 15092059 |
| high nitrogen deposition causes changes in amino acid concentrations and protein spectra in needles of the scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | growth of the scots pine (pinus sylvestris) suffered considerably in forests close to fur farms in western finland, with the occurrence of winter time dieback in the youngest shoots and leading to a bush-like, flat crown canopy. one reason for this growth disturbance may be a serious imbalance in nitrogen metabolism caused by the extra n supply, emitted as nh3 from the dung of the animals. total n and nh4+ concentrations in the needles and soluble nitrogen concentration in the soil increased con ... | 1991 | 15092106 |
| effect of simulated acid rain on quantity of epiphytic microfungi on scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles. | the effects of simulated acid rain on the phyllosphere microflora of pine (pinus sylvestris l.) were studied experimentally in northern finland during the summer of 1988. trees were irrigated with artificial acid rain of ph4 and ph3 (h(2)so(4) and hno(3), weight ratio of s:n=2.86:1). untreated trees and trees irrigated with spring water (ph6) were used as controls. two sampling heights (0.5m and 2m) were used. the needles were colonized exclusively by epiphytic fungi, mainly aureobasidium pullul ... | 1990 | 15092206 |
| height growth of different european scots pine pinus sylvestris l. provenances in a heavily polluted and a control environment. | results are presented of height measurements and degree of needle injury on five-year-old plants of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) growing near a phosphate fertiliser plant that emits so(2) and fluorides. the populations of scots pine represented in this experiment originate from 11 countries and were substantially differentiated in height growth and extent of needle necroses. those populations which grew most rapidly were found to be the most sensitive to pollutant injury. the least productiv ... | 1988 | 15092497 |
| ozone exposure-response relationships for biomass and root/shoot ratio of beech (fagus sylvatica), ash (fraxinus excelsior), norway spruce (picea abies) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | current-year seedlings of beech, ash, norway spruce and scots pine were exposed during one growing season to different, but moderate, ozone (o(3)) scenarios representative for switzerland (50, 85, 100% ambient, 50% ambient+30 nl l(-1)) in open-top chambers (otcs) and to ambient o(3) concentrations in the field. biomass significantly decreased with increasing o(3) dose in all species except for spruce. losses of 25.5% (ash), 17.4% (beech), 9.9% (scots pine) were found per 10 microl l(-1) h accumu ... | 2000 | 15092880 |
| detoxification and amelioration of heavy-metal contaminated forest soils by means of liming and fertilisation. | four experiments were established in 1992 in scots pine stands (pinus sylvestris l.) on relatively infertile sites at distances of 0.5, 2, 4 and 8 km to the south-east of the cu-ni smelter at harjavalta, south-west finland, in order to investigate the effects of liming, correction fertiliser and site-specific fertiliser treatments on heavy metal (cu, ni) and macronutrient (ca, mg, k) availability in the organic layer. the organic layer samples were analysed for total, plant-available (bacl(2)+ed ... | 2000 | 15093011 |
| the effects of multiple metal contamination on ectomycorrhizal scots pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings. | experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of single and multiple metal contamination (cd, pb, zn, sb, cu) on scots pine seedlings colonised by ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi from natural soil inoculum. seedlings were grown in either contaminated field soil from the site of a chemical accident, soils amended with five metals contaminating the site, or in soil from an uncontaminated control site. although contaminated and metal-amended soil significantly inhibited root and shoot growth of ... | 1999 | 15093037 |
| growth, respiration and nitrogen content in needles of scots pine exposed to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide in the field. | single scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees, aged 30 years, were grown in open-top chambers and exposed to two atmospheric concentrations of ozone (o3; ambient and elevation) and carbon dioxide (co2) as single variables or in combination for 3 years (1994-1996). needle growth, respiration and nitrogen content were measured simultaneously over the period of needle expansion. compared to ambient treatment (33 nmol mol(-1) o3 and 350 micromol mol(-1) co2) doubled ambient o3 (69 nmol mol(-1)) sign ... | 1998 | 15093088 |
| trends in needle and soil chemistry of norway spruce and scots pine stands in south sweden 1985-1994. | the nutrient status of the trees and soil in 42 stands of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in scania, south sweden was followed from 1985 to 1994. samples from needles taken in winter 1985, 1987, 1990, and 1994, and soils in 1988 and 1993 were analyzed. concentrations, as well as ratios to n, of k and cu in needles of both species decreased by approximately 40% from 1985 to 1994. soil analyses indicate ongoing soil acidification and leaching of mineral ... | 1998 | 15093309 |
| effects of elevated o3 and co2 on chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange in scots pine during the third growing season. | naturally regenerated, 30-year-old scots pines (pinus sylvestris l.) were grown in open-top chambers and exposed in situ to doubled ambient o(3), doubled ambient co(2) and a combination of elevated o(3) and co(2) from 15 april to 15 september for three growing seasons (1994-1996). to examine the effects of o(3) and/or co(2) on photosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange were measured simultaneously. doubled ambient o(3) significantly decreased the rates of photosynthesis at all l ... | 1997 | 15093374 |
| anthropogenic impacts on natural nitrogen isotope variations in pinus sylvestris stands in an industrially polluted area. | natural variations of the nitrogen isotopes 15n/14n (delta15n values) and the n concentrations of one-year-old needles from 7-12-year-old pine trees (pinus sylvestris l.) were determined on 27 sites in the heavily polluted leipzig-halle region (former gdr). at three selected sites measurements were repeated over a period of 2 years. n concentrations and delta15n values in different needle age classes were compared at the three sites. the delta15n values of the n in the humus layer and the potent ... | 1997 | 15093392 |
| the effects of simultaneous large acidic and alkaline airborne pollutants on forest soil. | the effects of air pollutants on soil were studied in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) forests near the boundary of russia and estonia. the study area is characterized by large amounts of acidic and basic pollutants, mainly sulphur dioxide (so(2)) and calcium (ca). several variables were measured in different horizons of the podzolic soil polluted by emissions from local sources in areas of several thousands of square kilometers. alkalinization dominates the processes in the soil, since sulphur ... | 1996 | 15093502 |
| growth variation of scots pine across a pollution gradient on the kola peninsula, russia. | decadal exposure to emissions from a non-ferrous smelter has damaged the forest ecosystems surrounding the city of monchegorsk located on the kola peninsula in northwestern russia. we use the methods of tree-ring analysis to study the areal extent and timing of recent growth reductions of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in the region surrounding the smelter in monchegorsk. reduced growth of scots pine was observed up to 30 km southwest of the smelter. this directional gradient of forest damage ... | 1996 | 15093529 |
| dendroremediation of trinitrotoluene (tnt). part 1: literature overview and research concept. | for decades, very large areas of former military sites have been contaminated diffusely with the persistent nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt). the recalcitrance of the environmental hazard tnt is to a great extent due to its particulate soil existence, which leads to slow but continuous leaching processes. although improper handling during the manufacture of tnt seems to be a problem of the past in developed countries, environmental deposition of tnt and other explosives is sti ... | 2004 | 15341318 |
| patterns of auxin distribution during gravitational induction of reaction wood in poplar and pine. | gravistimulation of tree stems affects wood development by unilaterally inducing wood with modified properties, called reaction wood. commonly, it also stimulates cambial growth on the reaction wood side. numerous experiments involving applications of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) or iaa-transport inhibitors have suggested that reaction wood is induced by a redistribution of iaa around the stem. however, in planta proof for this model is lacking. therefore, we have mapped endogenous iaa distributio ... | 2004 | 15122024 |
| [comparative study of allozyme polymorphism in groups of pine trees (pinus sylvestris l.) with different seed productivity]. | genotypes of 196 pinus sylvestris l. plants from 10 natural populations of five ukrainian regions have been determined using 19 polymorphic isozyme loci. variability of quantity of full-grained, empty-grained and underdeveloped seeds in the cones of these plants has been studied. the basic indexes of genetic polymorphism were determined for 6 samples presented by 18-19 trees with high and low productivity of the full-grained, empty-grained and underdeveloped seeds. the maximum amount of rare all ... | 2004 | 15131963 |
| processes, dynamics and modelling of radiocaesium cycling in a chronosequence of chernobyl-contaminated scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) plantations. | in a large forested area affected by the chernobyl radioactive fallout, especially in cis, the lasting recycling of radiocaesium (137cs) by the trees is a source of long-term contamination of woody products. the quantitative description of the 137cs dynamics in contaminated forest is a prerequisite to predictive modelling and further management of such territories. three even-aged mono-specific scots pine stands (17, 37 and 57 years old) were selected in a contaminated woodland in southeastern b ... | 2004 | 15144787 |
| avoidance of nonhost plants by a bark beetle, pityogenes bidentatus, in a forest of odors. | the bark beetle, pityogenes bidentatus (coleoptera: scolytidae), searches in mixed conifer and deciduous forests of northern europe for suitable branches of its host, scots pine ( pinus sylvestris). we tested whether odors from several diverse nonhost trees and plants common in the habitat (e.g., mountain ash, sorbus aucuparia; oak, quercus robur; alder buckthorn, frangula alnus; blueberry, vaccinium myrtillus; raspberry, rubus idaeus; and grass, deschampsia flexuosa) would reduce the attraction ... | 2004 | 15146267 |
| bud endophytes of scots pine produce adenine derivatives and other compounds that affect morphology and mitigate browning of callus cultures. | endophytes are found in meristematic bud tissues of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) especially prior to growth, which would suggest their involvement in growth of the bud. to test this hypothesis, production of phytohormones by two bacterial (methylobacterium extorquens, pseudomonas synxantha) and one fungal endophyte (rhodotorula minuta) was studied by mass spectrometry. the most common gibberellins, auxins, or cytokinins were not detected in the fractions studied. instead, m. extorquens and r ... | 2004 | 15153198 |
| suitability of some southern and western pines as hosts for the pine shoot beetle, tomicus piniperda (coleoptera: scolytidae). | the pine shoot beetle, tomicus piniperda (l.), is an exotic pest that has become established in north america. discovered in ohio in 1992, it has since been found in at least 13 states and parts of canada. the beetle can cause significant growth loss in pines, and it represents a potential threat to trees in areas where it has not yet become established. to evaluate this threat to native pines, field and laboratory tests were conducted on several common and important southern and western species ... | 2004 | 15154468 |
| ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass in roots and uptake of p from apatite by pinus sylvestris seedlings growing in forest soil with and without wood ash amendment. | forest soil from an experimental norway spruce forest with four levels of wood ash addition (0, 1, 3 and 6 tonnes ha(-1)) was used to inoculate pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings with indigenous ectomycorrhizal (em) fungi. uptake of 32p and 86rb in a root bioassay was used to estimate the demand for p and k by seedlings grown in the different soils. utilisation of p from apatite was tested in a laboratory system where uptake by the ectomycorrhizal mycelium was separated from uptake by roots. the ... | 2005 | 15221578 |
| effects of host plant exposure to cadmium on mycorrhizal infection and soluble carbohydrate levels of pinus sylvestris seedlings. | in a cd-contaminated environment, not only mature trees but also their seeds and young seedlings can be exposed to cd. cadmium taken up by young seedlings may influence mycorrhizal infection, which might in turn influence resistance to cd toxicity. in order to eliminate soil-mediated responses of mycorrhizal infection to cd, pinus sylvestris seedlings were exposed to cd prior to fungal inoculation and replanted to clean substrates with fungal inoculum. cadmium pretreatment reduced the proportion ... | 2004 | 15234095 |
| boron retranslocation in scots pine and norway spruce. | we previously traced 10b-enriched boric acid from shoots to roots to demonstrate the translocation of boron (b) in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings. to gain a more detailed understanding of b translocation, we sought: (1) to demonstrate b retranslocation directly, by showing that foliar-applied 10b is located in the new growth after dormancy; and (2) to assess whether shoot-applied b affects growth in the long term. we applied 10b-enriched bo ... | 2004 | 15234898 |
| regional variation in surface properties of norway spruce and scots pine needles in relation to forest decline. | measurements of leaf wettability (contact angle), amounts of epicuticular wax and of surface dust are reported for scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l) karst) trees growing at 12 sites in europe from sw germany to ne scotland. at each site, three year classes (current year, 1 and 2-year-old) of needles were sampled from the mid-crown of up to 12 trees. trees were selected at random from two strata, those showing visible decline symptoms (i.e. loss of needles or dis ... | 1989 | 15092422 |
| impact of increased springtime o3 exposure on scots pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings in central finland. | three-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings were exposed to ambient or elevated ozone (o(3)) concentrations in open-air exposure fields in central finland in 1995-97. three different treatments were applied in 1996 and 1997: ambient air, elevated o(3) (1.3-1.5xambient) during the growing season (june-september) and elevated o(3) in march-september, i.e. the growing season including the springtime o(3) exposure. the ambient mean o(3) concentrations were 40% higher in springtime (mar ... | 2000 | 15092881 |
| container-grown tree seedling responses to sodium chloride applications in different substrates. | seedlings of norway maple (acer platanoides), silver birch (betula pendula), norway spruce (picea abies) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris) were grown in selected sodium chloride (nacl) concentrations, soil types and under different watering regimes. plants were raised from seeds, except for scots pine plants which were obtained from a commercial source. among the plant species tested, scots pine was the most tolerant to soil salinity, while norway spruce was the most susceptible. for both norway ... | 2000 | 15092891 |
| the use of mosses and pine needles to detect persistent organic pollutants at local and regional scales. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were analysed in mosses (hypnum cupressiforme) and pine needles (pinus sylvestris) collected in the czech republic between 1988-94 at a regional background site in kosetice, south bohemia (1988-94) and two industrial sources. one industrial site (sampled 1989-91) in middle moravia, was near a factory producing pahs, carbon black and phthalates, the other (sampled 1991-93) near a coal and gas fuel production plant in western bohemia. selected chlorinated pe ... | 2000 | 15092899 |
| fungicidal properties of pinus sylvestris l. for improvement of air quality. | sick building syndrome is a term commonly used to describe the consequences of poor indoor air quality. it is well documented that first of all air quality depends on the chemical composition, and until now negligible attention has been paid to air pollution by microorganisms. some species of fungi (aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, a. niger, a. parasiticus, a. oryzea and other) and their toxins cause difficulty in breathing, allergic rhinitis, watery eyes, headaches, and flu-like symptoms. over ... | 2004 | 15300001 |
| host ecology determines the relative fitness of virus genotypes in mixed-genotype nucleopolyhedrovirus infections. | mixed-genotype infections are common in many natural host-parasite interactions. classical kin-selection models predict that single-genotype infections can exploit host resources prudently to maximize fitness, but that selection favours rapid exploitation when co-infecting genotypes share limited host resources. however, theory has outpaced evidence: we require empirical studies of pathogen genotypes that naturally co-infect hosts. do genotypes actually compete within hosts? can host ecology aff ... | 2004 | 15312074 |
| increased selfing and correlated paternity in a small population of a predominantly outcrossing conifer, pinus sylvestris. | outcrossing rate, the rates of ovule and seed abortion, and levels of correlated paternity were estimated in a small population of pinus sylvestris, a predominantly outcrossing conifer, and were compared with estimates from two widely dispersed woodlands of the same species, showing a range of densities. on average, seed trees of the small population showed an eight-fold higher selfing rate (25 vs. 3%) and a 100-fold greater incidence of correlated paternity (19.6 vs. 0.2%) than did trees from t ... | 2004 | 15315671 |
| hplc micro-fractionation coupled to a cell-based assay for automated on-line primary screening of calcium antagonistic components in plant extracts. | high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) micro-fractionation was successfully coupled to an automated 45ca2+ uptake assay using gh4c1 cells for the separation of natural product extracts and for the primary detection of their calcium antagonistic components. the reliability of the procedure was first established with a reference solution consisting of pure compounds with a known effect on the ca2+ uptake. no loss of activity was observed to occur after hplc micro-fractionation. extracts of ... | 2004 | 15322796 |
| behaviour of the hyphae of laccaria laccata in the presence of trichoderma harzianum in vitro. | the growth rate and the behaviour of laccaria laccata and trichoderma harzianum hyphae in co-culture and in the rhizosphere of 3-month-old pinus sylvestris seedlings grown in vitro were investigated. in the interaction zone, hyphae of l. laccata became more pigmented and formed short branches growing towards the hyphae of the saprobic fungus, coiled around them and penetrated sporadically. vacuolated hyphae of t. harzianum showed protoplasm granulation and breaks in walls followed by release of ... | 2004 | 15322966 |
| laser ablation-combustion-gc-irms--a new method for online analysis of intra-annual variation of delta13c in tree rings. | we present a new, rapid method for high-resolution online determination of delta13c in tree rings, combining laser ablation (la), combustion (c), gas chromatography (gc) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (irms) (la-c-gc-irms). sample material was extracted every 6 min with a uv-laser from a tree core, leaving 40-microm-wide holes. ablated wood dust was combusted to co2 at 700 degrees c, separated from other gases on a gc column and injected into an isotope ratio mass spectrometer after removal ... | 2004 | 15339728 |
| effect of parent genotype on somatic embryogenesis in scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | controlled crosses of seven scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees produced 49 families that included both reciprocals and selfings. embryogenic cultures were initiated from immature megagametophytes and after 6 months in maintenance culture, mature somatic embryos were produced from the surviving 166 lines. the effect of parent genotypes on the cultures was evaluated at initiation of the tissue culture period, after 6 months in maintenance culture and at embryo maturation. the effect of the mat ... | 2004 | 15339735 |
| identification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the volatile organic compounds emitted from the wood-rotting fungi serpula lacrymans and coniophora puteana, and from pinus sylvestris timber. | volatile organic compounds (vocs) emitted by two wood-rotting basidiomycete fungi, serpula lacrymans (dry rot fungus) and coniophora puteana (cellar fungus), and the timber of pinus sylvestris (scots pine), were identified. several volatile collection techniques were employed including dichloromethane solvent extraction, solid-phase microextraction (spme) and thermal desorption of vocs entrained on tenax gr. in addition, a new method of solid sample injection (ssi) is described which utilises a ... | 2004 | 15446714 |
| investigation of heavy metals transportation from soil to the pine tree. | the scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) is the most common tree in lithuanian forests. research on the impact of pollutants on pines allows us to evaluate pollutants in a major part of lithuanian forests. heavy metals (hms) are among the major pollutants entering forest ecosystems in different ways: in their wet and dry form they come from local or distant sources of emission by being transported from seas alongside with nutrients and sea salt, washed up from the dead plants accumulated in soil, an ... | 2004 | 15461418 |
| regulation of organic and inorganic nitrogen uptake in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings. | plants possess regulatory mechanisms that enhance nitrogen (n) uptake under conditions of spatial and temporal variation in n availability. study of regulatory mechanisms has focused almost exclusively on the uptake of inorganic n sources (i.e., ammonium (nh4+), nitrate (no3-). several lines of evidence, however, suggest that amino acids may constitute a potential source of n for a number of plant species, including conifers. in the present study, we investigated the uptake of amino acids and in ... | 2004 | 15465702 |
| seasonal and annual stem respiration of scots pine trees under boreal conditions. | stem respiration of trees is a major, but poorly assessed component of the carbon balance of forests, and important for geo-chemistry. measurements are required under naturally changing seasonal conditions in different years. therefore, intra- and inter-annual carbon fluxes of stems in forests were measured continuously from april to november in three consecutive years. | 2004 | 15469943 |
| a uv resonance raman (uvrr) spectroscopic study on the extractable compounds of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) wood. part i: lipophilic compounds. | the wood resin in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) stemwood and branch wood were studied using uv resonance raman (uvrr) spectroscopy. uvrr spectra of the sapwood and heartwood hexane extracts, solid wood samples and model compounds (six resin acids, three fatty acids, a fatty acid ester, sitosterol and sitosterol acetate) were collected using excitation wavelengths of 229, 244 and 257 nm. in addition, visible raman spectra of the fatty and resin acids were recorded. resin compositions of heartwood ... | 2004 | 15477130 |
| a uv resonance raman (uvrr) spectroscopic study on the extractable compounds in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) wood. part ii. hydrophilic compounds. | hydrophilic extracts of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) heartwood and sapwood and a solid scots pine knotwood sample were studied by uv resonance raman spectroscopy (uvrrs). in addition, uvrr spectra of two hydrophilic model compounds (pinosylvin and chrysin) were analysed. uv raman spectra were collected using 244 and 257 nm excitation wavelengths. the chemical composition of the acetone:water (95:5 v/v) extracts were also determined by gas chromatography. the aromatic and oleophilic structures o ... | 2004 | 15477131 |
| the use of the barbell cluster anova design for the assessment of environmental pollution: a case study, wigierski national park, ne poland. | this report presents an assessment of chemical variability in natural ecosystems of wigierski national park (ne poland) derived from the calculation of geochemical baselines using a barbell cluster anova design. this method enabled us to obtain statistically valid information with a minimum number of samples collected. results of summary statistics are presented for elemental concentrations in the soil horizons-o (ol + ofh), -a and -b, 1- and 2-year old pinus sylvestris l. (scots pine) needles, ... | 2005 | 15519452 |
| carbon budget for scots pine trees: effects of size, competition and site fertility on growth allocation and production. | time series of carbon fluxes in individual scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees were constructed based on biomass measurements and information about component-specific turnover and respiration rates. foliage, branch, stem sapwood, heartwood and bark components of aboveground biomass were measured in 117 trees sampled from 17 stands varying in age, density and site fertility. a subsample of 32 trees was measured for belowground biomass excluding fine roots. biomass of fine roots was estimated f ... | 2005 | 15519982 |
| respiratory responses of scots pine stems to 5 years of exposure to elevated co2 concentration and temperature. | stem respiration in 20-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees was examined following 5 years of exposure to ambient conditions (con), elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]) (ambient + 350 micromol mol(-1), (ec)), elevated temperature (ambient + 2-6 degrees c, (et)) or a combination of elevated [co2] and elevated temperature (ect). stem respiration varied seasonally regardless of the treatment and displayed a similar trend to temperature, with maximum rates occurring a ... | 2005 | 15519985 |
| scots pine responses to elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration: growth and wood properties. | growth and wood properties of 20-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees were studied for 6 years in 16 closed chambers providing a factorial combination of two temperature regimes (ambient and elevated) and two carbon dioxide concentrations ([co2]) (ambient and twice ambient). the elevation of temperature corresponded to the predicted effect at the site of a doubling in atmospheric [co2]. annual height and radial growth and wood properties were analyzed during 1997-2002. physical wood p ... | 2005 | 15519988 |
| light sources with different spectra affect root and mycorrhiza formation in scots pine in vitro. | we studied the effects of broad-spectrum light quality on the interaction between the ectomycorrhizal fungus pisolithus tinctorius (pers.) coker and couch and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings and hypocotyl cuttings cultured in vitro. the light sources were cool white (cw), warm white (ww) and red-rich daylight (rd) fluorescent lamps. inoculation with p. tinctorius enhanced adventitious root formation of the cuttings in all light treatments. rooting of the inoculated cuttings was highes ... | 2005 | 15519994 |
| influences of excessive cu on photosynthesis and growth in ectomycorrhizal pinus sylvestris seedlings. | growth and photosynthesis responses were measured for scots pine (pinus sylvestris l. cv.) inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi (suillus bovinus) under 6.5 and 25 mg/l cu treatments to evaluate ectomycorrhizal seedlings' tolerance to heavy metal stress. results showed that excessive cu can significantly impair the growth and photosynthesis of pine seedlings, but such impairment is much smaller to the ectomycorrhizal seedlings. under 25 mg/l cu treatment, the dry weight of ectomycorrhizal seedli ... | 2004 | 15272714 |
| annual and seasonal variation of sap flow and conductance of pine trees grown in elevated carbon dioxide and temperature. | measurements of sap flow, crown structure, and microclimate were used to estimate the transpiration of individual 30-year-old pinus sylvestris l. trees grown in elevated temperature and co2. the trees were enclosed in closed-top chambers and exposed either to current ambient conditions (con), or elevated co2 (+350 micromol mol(-1); ec), or elevated temperature (+2 to +6 degrees c; et) or a combination of ec and et (ect) since 1996, and the measurements were made from 1999 to 2001. ec significant ... | 2005 | 15533884 |
| [patterns of protein biosynthesis in the embryo and endosperm during embryogenesis in pinus sylvestris l]. | the patterns of protein biosynthesis in the embryo and endosperm during embryogenesis in the scots pine were studied using electrophoresis and biochemistry methods. proteins of the albumin-globulin fraction were visualized already at the early embryonic stages. the main polypeptide components (48-60, 37-39, and 20-22 kda) were gradually accumulated in the course of maturation. a high synchrony was noted between the stages of embryogenesis and molecular events related to protein biosynthesis and ... | 2004 | 15124350 |
| functional interactions between a glutamine synthetase promoter and myb proteins. | in scots pine (pinus sylvestris), ammonium assimilation is catalysed by glutamine synthetase (gs) [ec 6.3.1.2], which is encoded by two genes, psgs1a and psgs1b. psgs1b is expressed in the vascular tissue throughout the plant body, where it is believed to play a role in recycling ammonium released by various facets of metabolism. the mechanisms that may underpin the transcriptional regulation of psgs1b were explored. the psgs1b promoter contains a region that is enriched in previously characteri ... | 2004 | 15272871 |
| patterns of pollen dispersal in a small population of pinus sylvestris l. revealed by total-exclusion paternity analysis. | patterns of pollen dispersal were investigated in a small, isolated, relict population of pinus sylvestris l., consisting of 36 trees. a total-exclusion battery comprising four chloroplast and two nuclear microsatellites (theoretical paternity exclusion probability ep=0.996) was used to assign paternity to 813 seeds, collected from 34 trees in the stand. long-distance pollen immigration accounted for 4.3% of observed matings. self-fertilization rate was very high (0.25), compared with typical va ... | 2005 | 15292910 |
| gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and electroantennographic detection: analysis of wood odorants by direct coupling of insect olfaction and mass spectrometry. | a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-electroantennographic detection (gc-ms/ead) setup has been designed by adapting a commercially available "olfactory detector port" to the use with an insect antenna. measurements were performed with antennae of the old house borer hylotrupes bajulus, a widespread insect pest of coniferous timbers. headspace volatiles from timber of pinus sylvestris were collected and analysed by gc-ms. about 30 compounds were identified in the kovacs range from 500 to 1200, ... | 2004 | 15595552 |
| effect of attract and kill formulations and application rates on trap catches of european pine shoot moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) and shoot damage in scots pine saplings. | attract and kill technology was tested for management of european pine shoot moth, rhyacionia buoliana (denis & schiffermüller), in 4-6-yr-old scots pine, pinus sylvestris l., plantations managed by jablonna and pultusk forest districts, poland. in 2001, two formulations based on ricinoleic acid and hydrocarbon fraction (petroleum jelly) in combination with (e)-9-dodecenyl acetate, the sex pheromone of the pine shoot moth; permethrin as a contact insecticide; and tinuvin uv absorber were used. i ... | 2004 | 15568351 |
| modeling tree water deficit from microclimate: an approach to quantifying drought stress. | tree water deficit estimated by measuring water-related changes in stem radius (deltaw) was compared with tree water deficit estimated from the output of a simple, physiologically reasonable model (deltawe), with soil water potential (psisoil) and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (vpd) as inputs. values of deltaw were determined by monitoring stem radius changes with dendrometers and detrending the results for growth. we followed changes in deltaw and deltawe in pinus sylvestris l. and quercus ... | 2005 | 15574396 |
| microfibril angle in wood of scots pine trees (pinus sylvestris) after irradiation from the chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. | the secondary cell wall structure of tracheids of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), especially the angle of microfibrils in the s(2) layer, was examined in wood deposited prior to and after the chernobyl accident in 1986. microscopic analysis was carried out on wood samples collected in october 1997 from breast height of three pine trees 16, 30 and 42 years old. the polluted site was located in a distance of 5 km south from the chernobyl nuclear power plant where radioactive contamination in 199 ... | 2005 | 15589646 |
| plant resistance to cold stress: mechanisms and environmental signals triggering frost hardening and dehardening. | this introductory overview shows that cold, in particular frost, stresses a plant in manifold ways and that the plant's response, being injurious or adaptive, must be considered a syndrome rather than a single reaction. in the course of the year perennial plants of the temperate climate zones undergo frost hardening in autumn and dehardening in spring. using scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) as a model plant the environmental signals inducing frost hardening and dehardening, respectively, were in ... | 2004 | 15625401 |
| seasonal variations in location and population structure of endophytes in buds of scots pine. | we studied the location and distribution of a bacterial isolate, a mycobacterium sp., in buds of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). using a probe specific for the 16s rrna of the mycobacterium sp., the bacterium was found by in situ hybridization in the meristematic tissues of 40% of all bud samples examined. because we had previously found other bacterial and fungal endophytes in the meristematic tissues of scots pine buds, we studied their occurrence in buds during shoot development and dormanc ... | 2005 | 15631977 |
| carbon budget of pinus sylvestris saplings after four years of exposure to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. | to study the responses of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), a commercially important tree species in europe, to future increases in atmospheric co2 concentration ([co2]), we grew saplings for 4 years in the ground in open-top chambers in ambient or ambient + 400 micromol mol(-1) co2, without supplemental addition of nutrients and water. carbon (c) budgets were developed for trees in both co2 treatments based on productivity and biomass data obtained from destructive harvests at the end of the th ... | 2005 | 15631981 |
| a new dihydroflavonol from pinus sylvestris l. | a novel dihydroflavonol, c-6,o-7-dimethylaromadendrin, was isolated from a 70% aqueous acetone extract of pine (pinus sylvestris l.) bark. its structure was determined by high-resolution negative fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and nmr spectroscopy. the complete assignment of proton and carbon signals was achieved by 2d nmr experiments: hsqc, hmbc, dqf-cosy and noesy. | 2005 | 15674796 |
| phenolic extractives from the bark of pinus sylvestris l. and their effects on inflammatory mediators nitric oxide and prostaglandin e2. | the anti-inflammatory properties of phenolic pine (pinus sylvestris l.) bark extract were studied. the pine bark extract was fractionated by liquid-liquid extractions and semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography to reveal the most potent constituents. the phenolic compositions of three pine bark samples obtained, a crude extract, a chloroform fraction, and a semipreparative fraction, were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with uv diode array detection and/or ele ... | 2004 | 15675800 |
| [electrical impedance spectroscopy method for measuring cold hardiness of plants]. | electrical impedance spectroscopy (eis) is a method for measuring cold hardiness of plants. it has been widely used in the fields of agriculture, forestry and horticulture. in this paper the following aspects were introduced and discussed: (1) physical and physiological factors of impedance measurements in plants, (2) suitable models for measuring eis, and (3) method for assessing cold hardiness by means of eis. in traditional eis analysis, after completion of the artificially controlled freezin ... | 2005 | 15692174 |
| pine microsatellite markers allow roots and ectomycorrhizas to be linked to individual trees. | linking roots and ectomycorrhizas (ecm) to individual host trees in the field is required to test whether individual trees support different ectomycorrhizal communities. here we describe a method that identifies the source of ecm roots by pcr of polymorphic pine nuclear microsatellite loci using fluorescently labelled primers and high-throughput fragment analysis. its-pcr can also be performed on the same ecm dna extract for fungal identification. the method was tested on five neighbouring scots ... | 2005 | 15720641 |
| trace elements in fruiting bodies of ectomycorrhizal fungi growing in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands in poland. | the trace metal contents in fruiting bodies of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi, symbiotic partners of scots pine, were studied on three sites situated in west-central poland. elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry in 123 samples of 16 species. the study explored the differences in metal accumulation in relation to site, fungal species, age and part of the fruiting body and results were related to metal content in soil and plant material (roots and needles). soil analysis revealed ... | 2005 | 15740762 |
| soil respiration in a mixed temperate forest and its contribution to total ecosystem respiration. | soil respiration (sr) was measured with an infrared gas analyzer in nine plots representative of the heterogeneous vegetation in a mixed coniferous-deciduous forest in the belgian campine region. selected plots included the two most representative overstory species (pinus sylvestris l. and quercus robur l.) in combination with the most representative understory species of the forest. a model that includes temperature and water as the main controlling variables was fitted to the data. we found la ... | 2005 | 15741145 |
| reciprocal controlled crosses between pinus sylvestris and p. mugo verified by a species-specific cpdna marker. | a species-specific marker of cpdna (paternally inherited in pines) was used to verify the hybrid origin of seedlings from controlled reciprocal crosses between pinus sylvestris and p. mugo. a very low degree of compatibility between those two species has been revealed. in the three consecutive years of experiments, no filled seeds were obtained in the combination with p. mugo as the seed parent. from p. sylvestris as the seed parent and p. mugo as the pollen donor, we succeeded to obtain four fi ... | 2005 | 15741663 |