| genetic and functional characterization of the type iv secretion system in wolbachia. | a type iv secretion system (t4ss) is used by many symbiotic and pathogenic intracellular bacteria for the successful infection of and survival, proliferation, and persistence within hosts. in this study, the presence and function of the t4ss in wolbachia strains were investigated by a combination of genetic screening and immunofluorescence microscopy. two operons of virb-vird4 loci were found in the genome of wolbachia pipientis strain watab3, from the hymenoptera asobara tabida, and strain wri, ... | 2008 | 18502862 |
| genetic and cytogenetic analysis of the fruit fly rhagoletis cerasi (diptera: tephritidae). | the european cherry fruit fly, rhagoletis cerasi, is a major agricultural pest for which biological, genetic, and cytogenetic information is limited. we report here a cytogenetic analysis of 4 natural greek populations of r. cerasi, all of them infected with the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia pipientis. the mitotic karyotype and detailed photographic maps of the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of this pest species are presented here. the mitotic metaphase complement consists of 6 pairs of ... | 2008 | 18545272 |
| genome evolution of wolbachia strain wpip from the culex pipiens group. | the obligate intracellular bacterium wolbachia pipientis strain wpip induces cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), patterns of crossing sterility, in the culex pipiens group of mosquitoes. the complete sequence is presented of the 1.48-mbp genome of wpip which encodes 1386 coding sequences (cdss), representing the first genome sequence of a b-supergroup wolbachia. comparisons were made with the smaller genomes of wolbachia strains wmel of drosophila melanogaster, an a-supergroup wolbachia that is al ... | 2008 | 18550617 |
| standardization of a colorimetric method to quantify growth and metabolic activity of wolbachia-infected mosquito cells. | the aedes albopictus aa23 cell line, which is persistently infected with wolbachia pipientis strain walbb, tends to grow as aggregated clusters of cells that are difficult to disperse for conventional quantification based on cell number. we used a. albopictus c7-10 cells to validate conversion of methylthiazole tetrazolium (mtt) to a colored formazan product with respect to incubation time, cell number over a 40-fold range, and metabolic activity as cells enter stationary phase. using this assay ... | 2008 | 18622662 |
| transfection of wolbachia pipientis into drosophila embryos. | wolbachia is a genus of obligate intracellular alpha-proteobacteria represented by the type species wolbachia pipientis (dumler et al., 2001). wolbachia commonly reside within cytoplasmic vacuoles of arthropods and helminths (werren and windsor, 2000; casiraghi et al., 2004); vertebrate infections have not been identified. wolbachia are maternally transmitted from mothers to offspring though the embryonic cytoplasm. wolbachia are able to induce a diverse range of phenotypes in their invertebrate ... | 2007 | 18770621 |
| host adaptation of a wolbachia strain after long-term serial passage in mosquito cell lines. | the horizontal transfer of the bacterium wolbachia pipientis between invertebrate hosts hinges on the ability of wolbachia to adapt to new intracellular environments. the experimental transfer of wolbachia between distantly related host species often results in the loss of infection, presumably due to an inability of wolbachia to adapt quickly to the new host. to examine the process of adaptation to a novel host, we transferred a life-shortening wolbachia strain, wmelpop, from the fruit fly dros ... | 2008 | 18836024 |
| wolbachia and virus protection in insects. | wolbachia pipientis bacteria are common endosymbionts of insects that are best known for their ability to increase their prevalence in populations by manipulating host reproductive systems. however, there are examples of wolbachia that exist in nature that seem to induce no reproductive parasitism trait and yet are able to invade populations. we demonstrate a fitness benefit for wolbachia-infected insects that may explain this paradox. drosophila melanogaster flies infected with wolbachia are le ... | 2008 | 18974344 |
| population replacement strategies for controlling vector populations and the use of wolbachia pipientis for genetic drive. | in this video, jason rasgon discusses population replacement strategies to control vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. "population replacement" is the replacement of wild vector populations (that are competent to transmit pathogens) with those that are not competent to transmit pathogens. there are several theoretical strategies to accomplish this. one is to exploit the maternally-inherited symbiotic bacteria wolbachia pipientis. wolbachia is a widespread reproductive parasite that ... | 2007 | 18979023 |
| an ancient horizontal gene transfer between mosquito and the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia pipientis. | the extent and biological relevance of horizontal gene transfer (hgt) in eukaryotic evolution remain highly controversial. recent studies have demonstrated frequent and large-scale hgt from endosymbiotic bacteria to their hosts, but the great majority of these transferred genes rapidly become nonfunctional in the recipient genome. here, we investigate an ancient hgt between a host metazoan and an endosymbiotic bacterium, wolbachia pipientis. the transferred gene has so far been found only in mos ... | 2009 | 18988686 |
| structural and functional characterization of the oxidoreductase alpha-dsba1 from wolbachia pipientis. | the alpha-proteobacterium wolbachia pipientis is a highly successful intracellular endosymbiont of invertebrates that manipulates its host's reproductive biology to facilitate its own maternal transmission. the fastidious nature of wolbachia and the lack of genetic transformation have hampered analysis of the molecular basis of these manipulations. structure determination of key wolbachia proteins will enable the development of inhibitors for chemical genetics studies. wolbachia encodes a homolo ... | 2009 | 19265485 |
| effects on male fitness of removing wolbachia infections from the mosquito aedes albopictus. | cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) induced by maternally inherited wolbachia bacteria is a potential tool for the suppression of insect pest species with appropriate patterns of infection. the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) is known to be infected by two strains of wolbachia pipientis hertig (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae), walb a and walb b, throughout its geographical distribution. this infection pattern theoretically restricts the application of ci-based cont ... | 2009 | 19292821 |
| proteasome activity in a naïve mosquito cell line infected with wolbachia pipientis walbb. | we used wolbachia pipientis strain walbb from aedes albopictus aa23 cells to infect clonal ae. albopictus tk-6 cells, which are resistant to 5-bromodeoxyuridine. infected tk-6 cells were cultured in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine to select against aa23 cells that might have persisted in the inoculum. infected tk-6 lines retained the wolbachia infection for 5 mo, indicating that their metabolic processes support wolbachia growth and multiplication. to investigate early events after wolbach ... | 2009 | 19296184 |
| the mosaic genome structure of the wolbachia wri strain infecting drosophila simulans. | the obligate intracellular bacterium wolbachia pipientis infects around 20% of all insect species. it is maternally inherited and induces reproductive alterations of insect populations by male killing, feminization, parthenogenesis, or cytoplasmic incompatibility. here, we present the 1,445,873-bp genome of w. pipientis strain wri that induces very strong cytoplasmic incompatibility in its natural host drosophila simulans. a comparison with the previously sequenced genome of w. pipientis strain ... | 2009 | 19307581 |
| the virulent wolbachia strain wmelpop efficiently establishes somatic infections in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | wolbachia pipientis bacteria are maternally inherited endosymbionts that are of interest to control the anopheles mosquito vectors of malaria. wolbachia does not infect anopheles mosquitoes in nature, although cultured anopheles cells can be infected. here, we show that the virulent wolbachia strain wmelpop can survive and replicate when injected into female anopheles gambiae adults, but the somatic infections established are avirulent. these in vivo data suggest that stable wolbachia infections ... | 2009 | 19329661 |
| evidence for metabolic provisioning by a common invertebrate endosymbiont, wolbachia pipientis, during periods of nutritional stress. | wolbachia are ubiquitous inherited endosymbionts of invertebrates that invade host populations by modifying host reproductive systems. however, some strains lack the ability to impose reproductive modification and yet are still capable of successfully invading host populations. to explain this paradox, theory predicts that such strains should provide a fitness benefit, but to date none has been detected. recently completed genome sequences of different wolbachia strains show that these bacteria ... | 2009 | 19343208 |
| unravelling the wolbachia evolutionary role: the reprogramming of the host genomic imprinting. | environmental factors can induce significant epigenetic changes that may also be inherited by future generations. the maternally inherited symbiont of arthropods wolbachia pipientis is an excellent candidate as an 'environmental' factor promoting trans-generational epigenetic changes: by establishing intimate relationships with germ-line cells, epigenetic effects of wolbachia symbiosis would be manifested as a 'maternal effect', in which infection of the mother modulates the offspring phenotype. ... | 2009 | 19364731 |
| extensive genomic diversity of closely related wolbachia strains. | using microarray-based comparative genome hybridization (mcgh), the genomic content of wolbachia pipientis wmel from drosophila melanogaster was compared to the closely related wolbachia from d. innubila (winn), d. santomea (wsan), and three strains from d. simulans (wau, wri, wsim). a large number of auxiliary genes are identified in these five strains, with most absent/divergent genes being unique to a given strain. each strain caused an average of approximately 60 genes to be removed from the ... | 2009 | 19389774 |
| increased locomotor activity and metabolism of aedes aegypti infected with a life-shortening strain of wolbachia pipientis. | a virulent strain of the obligate intracellular bacterium wolbachia pipientis that shortens insect lifespan has recently been transinfected into the primary mosquito vector of dengue virus, aedes aegypti l. the microbe's ability to shorten lifespan and spread through host populations under the action of cytoplasmic incompatibility means it has the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent to reduce dengue virus transmission. wolbachia is present in many host tissues and may have local effects o ... | 2009 | 19411536 |
| conservation of the type iv secretion system throughout wolbachia evolution. | the type iv secretion system (t4ss) is an efficient pathway with which bacteria can mediate the transfer of dna and/or proteins to eukaryotic cells. in wolbachia pipientis, a maternally inherited obligate endosymbiont of arthropods and nematodes, two operons of vir genes, virb3-b6 and virb8-d4, encoding a t4ss were previously identified and characterized at two separate genomic loci. using the largest data set of wolbachia strains studied so far, we show that vir gene sequence and organization a ... | 2009 | 19486895 |
| wolbachia infection and resource competition effects on immature aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | wolbachia pipientis hertig and wolbach (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) are intracellular alpha-proteobacteria that occur naturally in aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) and numerous other invertebrates. these endosymbionts can invade host populations by manipulating host reproduction. wolbachia infections have been shown to impart both costs and benefits to hosts in terms of development, survival, and fecundity. here, we monitor intraspecific competition among independent cohorts of i ... | 2009 | 19496412 |
| wolbachia induces strong cytoplasmic incompatibility in the predatory bug macrolophus pygmaeus. | macrolophus pygmaeus is a heteropteran predator that is widely used in european glasshouses for the biological control of whiteflies, aphids, thrips and spider mites. we have demonstrated that the insect is infected with the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia pipientis. several gene fragments of the endosymbiont were sequenced and subsequently used for phylogenetic analysis, revealing that it belongs to the wolbachia supergroup b. the endosymbiont was visualized within the ovarioles using immunol ... | 2009 | 19523069 |
| pcr analysis for wolbachia in human and canine demodex mites. | in many skin diseases such as demodex folliculitis, rosacea- or steroid-induced rosacea demodex mites are present in abundance and are at least partially held responsible for causing these disorders. although it is known that these diseases respond well to tetracyclines, it is unclear if this is due to the antiinflammatory effects of the antibiotics or to an antibacterial effect on so far unknown bacteria within the demodex mites. as in filariasis, where the response to doxycycline can be explai ... | 2009 | 19652990 |
| the endosymbiont wolbachia increases insulin/igf-like signalling in drosophila. | insulin/igf-like signalling (iis) is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that has diverse functions in multi-cellular organisms. mutations that reduce iis can have pleiotropic effects on growth, development, metabolic homeostasis, fecundity, stress resistance and lifespan. iis is also modified by extrinsic factors. for instance, in the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster, both nutrition and stress can alter the activity of the pathway. here, we test experimentally the hypothesis that a widespread e ... | 2009 | 19692410 |
| diversity of bacteria associated with collembola - a cultivation-independent survey based on pcr-amplified 16s rrna genes. | the bacterial communities found in eight different soil-inhabiting microarthropod species of the class collembola (springtails) were analyzed by analysis of pcr-amplified 16s rrna genes obtained without cultivation from total dna. to characterize the bacteria associated with the parthenogenetically-reproducing folsomia candida, the almost complete 16s rrna genes were amplified with three universal primers, i.e., the forward primer f27 and the reverse primer r1492 or r1525. with the reverse prime ... | 2004 | 19712416 |
| wolbachia infection reduces blood-feeding success in the dengue fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | the mosquito aedes aegypti was recently transinfected with a life-shortening strain of the endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis (wmelpop) as the first step in developing a biocontrol strategy for dengue virus transmission. in addition to life-shortening, the wmelpop-infected mosquitoes also exhibit increased daytime activity and metabolic rates. here we sought to quantify the blood-feeding behaviour of wolbachia-infected females as an indicator of any virulence or energetic drain associated with wol ... | 2009 | 19753103 |
| lateral phage transfer in obligate intracellular bacteria (wolbachia): verification from natural populations. | lateral transfer of mobile dna is a hallmark of bacteria with a free-living replicative stage; however, its significance in obligate intracellular bacteria and other heritable endosymbionts remains controversial. comparative sequence analyses from laboratory stocks infected with wolbachia pipientis provide some of the most compelling evidence that bacteriophage wo-b transfers laterally between infections of the same insect host. lateral transfer between coinfections, however, has been evaluated ... | 2010 | 19906794 |
| variation in antiviral protection mediated by different wolbachia strains in drosophila simulans. | drosophila c virus (dcv) is a natural pathogen of drosophila and a useful model for studying antiviral defences. the drosophila host is also commonly infected with the widespread endosymbiotic bacteria wolbachia pipientis. when dcv coinfects wolbachia-infected d. melanogaster, virus particles accumulate more slowly and virus induced mortality is substantially delayed. considering that wolbachia is estimated to infect up to two-thirds of all insect species, the observed protective effects of wolb ... | 2009 | 19911047 |
| association of wolbachia with heartworm disease in cats and dogs. | although the presence of adult dirofilaria immitis in the pulmonary arteries and its associated arteritis and thromboembolic disease can explain some of the manifestations of canine and feline heartworm disease, the cause of other findings remains unclear. cats with d. immitis antibodies but lacking adult parasites in the pulmonary arteries frequently develop histological lesions of the airways, resulting in a condition termed heartworm-associated respiratory disease. all d. immitis parasites ha ... | 2010 | 20193981 |
| [establishment of a new continuous cell line of drosophila melanogaster strain infected by the intracellular endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia pipientis under natural conditions]. | wolbachia pipientis is an obligately intracellular bacterium infecting a number of arthropod and nematode species. at the body level, wolbachia infection may cause parthenogenesis, feminization of genetic males, male killing, or cytoplasmic incompatibility; it may also be asymptomatic. of special interest is dna transfer from wolbachia to the host insect genome, which was discovered recently. at the cellular level, the effects caused by wolbachia have been studied more poorly. only one of the kn ... | 2010 | 20198874 |
| lutzomyia sand fly diversity and rates of infection by wolbachia and an exotic leishmania species on barro colorado island, panama. | sand flies (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) in the genus lutzomyia are the predominant vectors of the protozoan disease leishmaniasis in the new world. within the watershed of the panama canal, the cutaneous form of leishmaniasis is a continuous health threat for residents, tourists and members of an international research community. here we report the results of screening a tropical forest assemblage of sand fly species for infection by both leishmania and a microbe that can potentially se ... | 2010 | 20231892 |
| characterization of a new aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae)-wolbachia pipientis (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) symbiotic association generated by artificial transfer of the wpip strain from culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | wolbachia is a maternally inherited endosymbiont inducing various effects in insects and other invertebrate hosts that facilitate the invasion of naive host populations. one of the effects is a form of sterility known as cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) through which females are effectively sterilized when they mate with males harboring a different wolbachia strain. the repeated mass release of cytoplasmically incompatible males can be a tool to suppress insect populations. here, we attempt to i ... | 2010 | 20380298 |
| sex and stripping: the key to the intimate relationship between wolbachia and host? | wolbachia pipientis is known to infect only arthropods and nematodes (mainly filarial worms). a unique feature shared by the two phyla is the ability to replace the exoskeleton, a process known as ecdysis. this shared characteristic is thought to reflect a common ancestry. arthropod moulting is induced by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) and a role for ecdysteroids in nematode ecdysis has also been suggested. removing wolbachia from filarial worms impairs the host's development. from ... | 2010 | 20585501 |
| a virulent wolbachia infection decreases the viability of the dengue vector aedes aegypti during periods of embryonic quiescence. | a new approach for dengue control has been proposed that relies on life-shortening strains of the obligate intracellular bacterium wolbachia pipientis to modify mosquito population age structure and reduce pathogen transmission. previously we reported the stable transinfection of the major dengue vector aedes aegypti with a life-shortening wolbachia strain (wmelpop-cla) from the vinegar fly drosophila melanogaster. here, we report a further characterization of the phenotypic effects of this viru ... | 2010 | 20644622 |
| wolbachia pipientis: an expanding bag of tricks to explore for disease control. | wolbachia pipientis are maternally inherited, endosymbiotic bacteria that are widespread among insects. two recent studies have demonstrated that wolbachia inhibits the ability of medically significant pathogens, including filarial nematodes, dengue virus and plasmodium to form infections in the mosquito vector, aedes aegypti. we highlight the added value of these traits for wolbachia based biocontrol strategies and evaluate the evidence for the idea that the insect immune response is responsibl ... | 2010 | 20647151 |
| the native wolbachia endosymbionts of drosophila melanogaster and culex quinquefasciatus increase host resistance to west nile virus infection. | the bacterial endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis has been shown to increase host resistance to viral infection in native drosophila hosts and in the normally wolbachia-free heterologous host aedes aegypti when infected by wolbachia from drosophila melanogaster or aedes albopictus. wolbachia infection has not yet been demonstrated to increase viral resistance in a native wolbachia-mosquito host system. | 2010 | 20700535 |
| wolbachia infection lowers fertile sperm transfer in a moth. | the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia pipientis manipulates host reproduction by rendering infected males reproductively incompatible with uninfected females (cytoplasmic incompatibility; ci). ci is believed to occur as a result of wolbachia-induced modifications to sperm during maturation, which prevent infected sperm from initiating successful zygote development when fertilizing uninfected females' eggs. however, the mechanism by which ci occurs has been little studied outside the genus drosop ... | 2010 | 20880864 |
| decoupling of host-symbiont-phage coadaptations following transfer between insect species. | transferring endosymbiotic bacteria between different host species can perturb the coordinated regulation of the host and bacterial genomes. here we use the most common maternally transmitted bacteria, wolbachia pipientis, to test the consequences of host genetic background on infection densities and the processes underlying those changes in the parasitoid wasp genus nasonia. introgressing the genome of nasonia giraulti into the infected cytoplasm of n. vitripennis causes a two-order-of-magnitud ... | 2010 | 20944019 |
| wolbachia stimulates immune gene expression and inhibits plasmodium development in anopheles gambiae. | the over-replicating wmelpop strain of the endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis has recently been shown to be capable of inducing immune upregulation and inhibition of pathogen transmission in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. in order to examine whether comparable effects would be seen in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae, transient somatic infections of wmelpop were created by intrathoracic inoculation. upregulation of six selected immune genes was observed compared to controls, at least two of which ( ... | 2010 | 20949079 |
| wolbachia-mediated resistance to dengue virus infection and death at the cellular level. | dengue is currently the most important arthropod-borne viral disease of humans. recent work has shown dengue virus displays limited replication in its primary vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti, when the insect harbors the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia pipientis. wolbachia-mediated inhibition of virus replication may lead to novel methods of arboviral control, yet the functional and cellular mechanisms that underpin it are unknown. | 2010 | 20976219 |
| mito-nuclear genetic comparison in a wolbachia infected weevil: insights on reproductive mode, infection age and evolutionary forces shaping genetic variation. | maternally inherited endosymbionts like wolbachia pipientis are in linkage disequilibrium with the mtdna of their hosts. therefore, they can induce selective sweeps, decreasing genetic diversity over many generations. this sex ratio distorter, that is involved in the origin of parthenogenesis and other reproductive alterations, infects the parthenogenetic weevil naupactus cervinus, a serious pest of ornamental and fruit plants. | 2010 | 21050430 |
| infection with the wmel and wmelpop strains of wolbachia leads to higher levels of melanization in the hemolymph of drosophila melanogaster, drosophila simulans and aedes aegypti. | introduction of the life-shortening strain of wolbachia pipientis, wmelpop, into the key dengue vector, aedes aegypti, and the anti-pathogen effects in wolbachia-infected hosts highlights the need for more research into its interactions with its original host, drosophila melanogaster, and the novel mosquito host. the visual difference in darkness between the eggs of wmelpop wolbachia-infected and uninfected mosquito hosts after egg deposition led to further investigation into melanization levels ... | 2010 | 21075139 |
| wolbachia infection and mitochondrial diversity in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis). | many species of filarial nematodes are infected with wolbachia pipientis, a maternally inherited endosymbiont. in addition to manipulating host reproduction, these bacteria also affect the evolution of the mitochondrial dna with which they are transmitted. selective sweeps can establish a single mitochondrial lineage within a wolbachia-infected population and purge genetic diversity. while this phenomenon has been studied in insect model systems, it has not been thoroughly examined in a filarial ... | 2010 | 21171866 |
| bacterial diversity of field-caught mosquitoes, aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti, from different geographic regions of madagascar. | symbiotic bacteria are known to play important roles in the biology of insects, but the current knowledge of bacterial communities associated with mosquitoes is very limited and consequently their contribution to host behaviors is mostly unknown. in this study, we explored the composition and diversity of mosquito-associated bacteria in relation with mosquitoes' habitats. wild aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti were collected in three different geographic regions of madagascar. culturing methods ... | 2010 | 21175696 |
| bacterial endosymbiont localization in hyalesthes obsoletus, the insect vector of bois noir in vitis vinifera. | one emerging disease of grapevine in europe is bois noir (bn), a phytoplasmosis caused by "candidatus phytoplasma solani" and spread in vineyards by the planthopper hyalesthes obsoletus (hemiptera: cixiidae). here we present the first full characterization of the bacterial community of this important disease vector collected from bn-contaminated areas in piedmont, italy. length heterogeneity pcr and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis targeting the 16s rrna gene revealed the presenc ... | 2010 | 21183640 |
| syto11 staining vs fish staining: a comparison of two methods to stain wolbachia pipientis in cell cultures. | the aedes albopictus c7-10 cell line was infected with wolbachia strains wri and walbb to create c7-10r and c7-10b cell lines, respectively. we compared two different methods, fluorescence in situ hybridization staining and syto11 staining, to describe these new wolbachia infections in c7-10. | 2011 | 21214605 |
| assessing key safety concerns of a wolbachia-based strategy to control dengue transmission by aedes mosquitoes. | mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever, chikungunya or malaria affect millions of people each year and control solutions are urgently needed. an international research program is currently being developed that relies on the introduction of the bacterial endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis into aedes aegypti to control dengue transmission. in order to prepare for open-field testing releases of wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, an intensive social research and community engagement program was unde ... | 2010 | 21225190 |
| variable infection frequency and high diversity of multiple strains of wolbachia pipientis in perkinsiella planthoppers. | this survey of wolbachia infections in populations of the planthoppers perkinsiella saccharicida and perkinsiella vitiensis revealed variable frequencies, low-titer infections, and high phylogenetic diversities of strains. these observations add to the growing realization that wolbachia infections may be extremely common within invertebrates and yet occur infrequently within populations and at low titer within individuals. | 2011 | 21278277 |
| a wolbachia symbiont in aedes aegypti disrupts mosquito egg development to a greater extent when mosquitoes feed on nonhuman versus human blood. | a vertebrate bloodmeal is required by female mosquitoes of most species to obtain nutrients for egg maturation. the yellowfever mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.), feeds predominantly on humans, despite having the capacity to use blood from other hosts for this process. here, we report that female ae. aegypti infected with a virulent strain of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia pipientis (wmelpop) from drosophila melanogaster (meigen) have a reduced ability to use blood for egg development. blood f ... | 2011 | 21337952 |
| a secure semi-field system for the study of aedes aegypti. | new contained semi-field cages are being developed and used to test novel vector control strategies of dengue and malaria vectors. we herein describe a new quarantine insectary level-2 (qic-2) laboratory and field cages (james cook university mosquito research facility semi-field system; mrf sfs) that are being used to measure the impact of the endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis on populations of aedes aegypti in cairns australia. | 2011 | 21445333 |
| wolbachia uses host micrornas to manipulate host gene expression and facilitate colonization of the dengue vector aedes aegypti. | the obligate endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis is found in a wide range of invertebrates where they are best known for manipulating host reproduction. recent studies have shown that wolbachia also can modulate the lifespan of host insects and interfere with the development of human pathogens in mosquito vectors. despite considerable study, very little is known about the molecular interactions between wolbachia and its hosts that might mediate these effects. using microarrays, we show that the mic ... | 2011 | 21576469 |
| a new species of litomosoides (nematoda: onchocercidae), parasite of nectomys palmipes (rodentia: cricetidae: sigmodontinae) from venezuela: description, molecular evidence, wolbachia pipientis screening. | abstract: the onchocercid filaria litomosoides taylori sp. n. is described from the sigmodontine cricetid nectomys palmipes allen et chapman in northeast venezuela. a voucher specimen of the new species was used for molecular analysis of the coxi and 12s rdna genes, and screened for the presence of the endobacterium wolbachia pipientis. litomosoides taylori belongs to the "sigmodontis group" of litomosoides and a combination of characters can be used to distinguish it from the remaining 18 speci ... | 2011 | 21776894 |
| wolbachia bacteria reside in host golgi-related vesicles whose position is regulated by polarity proteins. | wolbachia pipientis are intracellular symbiotic bacteria extremely common in various organisms including drosophila melanogaster, and are known for their ability to induce changes in host reproduction. these bacteria are present in astral microtubule-associated vesicular structures in host cytoplasm, but little is known about the identity of these vesicles. we report here that wolbachia are restricted only to a group of golgi-related vesicles concentrated near the site of membrane biogenesis and ... | 2011 | 21829485 |
| characterization of an intergenic polymorphic site (pp-hc1a_5) in wolbachia pipientis (wpip). | wolbachia pipientis (wpip) is an intracellular bacterium causing cytoplasmic incompatibility in arthropods, including mosquitoes of the culex pipiens complex. here, we present a method useful for genotyping within the wpip group. primers were designed using a tandem repeat finder program to amplify an intergenic, polymorphic site (pp-hc1a_5) of wpip. the polymorphic site is located between genes that code for polynucleotide phosphorylase and a hypothetical protein (c1a_5). comparison of these wp ... | 2011 | 21676204 |
| high prevalence and lack of diversity of wolbachia pipientis in aedes albopictus populations from northeast brazil. | the use of wolbachia as a tool to control insect vectors has recently been suggested. in this context, studies on the prevalence and diversity of this bacterium in wild populations are relevant. here, we evaluated the diversity of two wolbachiagenes (ftsz and wsp) and the prevalence of this endosymbiont in wild aedes albopictus. using semi-nested polymerase chain reaction, our results showed that 99.3% of the individuals were superinfected with wolbachia. in regards to genetic diversity, the two ... | 2011 | 22012236 |
| Changes in the genetic structure of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in Queensland, Australia, across two seasons: implications for potential mosquito releases. | Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes could be controlled if vector populations were replaced with strains that have reduced vector competency. Such a strategy is being developed for control of dengue virus which is transmitted by Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquitoes artificially infected with the bacterium, Wolbachia pipientis Hertig, are being assessed as candidates for release at the adult stage with the aim of replacement of the wild population. Wolbachia can reduce the capacity ... | 2011 | 21936318 |
| dirofilaria immitis and wolbachia pipientis: a thorough investigation of the symbiosis responsible for canine heartworm disease. | canine heartworm disease wreaks havoc inside canines all throughout the modern world, including the usa. any region where mosquitoes thrive will provide efficient dog-to-dog transportation for the microfilaria of the infectious nematode dirofilaria immitis. veterinary scientists have recently discovered both phylogenetic and biochemical evidence for the obligate symbiosis of d. immitis and the bacteria wolbachia pipientis. as a result, veterinarians have initiated testing of antibiotic therapies ... | 2011 | 21922235 |
| the bacteriophage woric is the active phage element in wri of drosophila simulans and represents a conserved class of wo phages. | the alphaproteobacterium wolbachia pipientis, the most common endosymbiont in eukaryotes, is found predominantly in insects including many drosophila species. although wolbachia is primarily vertically transmitted, analysis of its genome provides evidence for frequent horizontal transfer, extensive recombination and numerous mobile genetic elements. the genome sequence of wolbachia in drosophila simulans riverside (wri) is available along with the integrated bacteriophages, enabling a detailed e ... | 2011 | 22085419 |
| Wolbachia pipientis is associated with different mitochondrial haplotypes in natural populations of Drosophila willistoni. | The prevalence of the endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis and its effects on mitochondrial genetic diversity were analyzed in natural populations of Drosophila willistoni, a neotropical species recently infected. Total infection rate was 55% and no evidence was found that the Wolbachia infection decreased the diversity of mtDNA. Wolbachia was seen to be associated with different mitochondria, suggesting multiple horizontal transmission events and/or transmission paternal leakage of mitochondrial an ... | 2012 | 21945051 |
| genetic and cytogenetic analysis of the american cherry fruit fly, rhagoletis cingulata (diptera: tephritidae). | the american eastern cherry fruit fly, rhagoletis cingulata, a pest of cherries in the western hemisphere, invaded europe in 1983, and since then dispersed to several european countries. information on the genetics and cytogenetics of this pest is very scarce. the mitotic karyotype and detailed photographic maps of the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of r. cingulata are presented here. the mitotic metaphase complement consists of six pairs of chromosomes with the sex chromosomes being very s ... | 2011 | 22447527 |
| wolbachia as an "infectious" extrinsic factor manipulating host signaling pathways. | wolbachia pipientis is a widespread endosymbiont of filarial nematodes and arthropods. while in worms the symbiosis is obligate, in arthropods wolbachia induces several reproductive manipulations (i.e., cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, feminization of genetic males, and male-killing) in order to increase the number of infected females. these various phenotypic effects may be linked to differences in host physiology, and in particular to endocrine-related processes governing growth, ... | 2011 | 22654845 |
| wolbachia from the planthopper laodelphax striatellus establishes a robust, persistent, streptomycin-resistant infection in clonal mosquito cells. | the obligate intracellular bacterium, wolbachia pipientis (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), distorts reproduction of its arthropod hosts to facilitate invasion of naïve populations. this property makes wolbachia an attractive "gene drive" agent with potential applications in the control of insect vector populations. genetic manipulation of wolbachia will require in vitro systems for its propagation, genetic modification, amplification, and introduction into target insects. here we show that wolb ... | 2012 | 23271364 |
| craniofacial manifestations of ehlers-danlos syndromes, cutis laxa syndromes, and cutis laxa-like syndromes. | | 2009 | 2697382 |
| cerebral perfusion pressure: a hemodynamic mechanism of mannitol and the postmannitol hemogram. | sixteen patients each received infusions of 1 g of mannitol per kg over 5 to 10 minutes, and serial determinations of intracranial pressure (icp), systemic arterial blood pressure (sabp), central venous pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure (cpp), hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum na+, k+, osmolarity, and fluid balance were carried out for 4 hours. urine output was replaced volume for volume with 5% dextrose in 0.45% nacl solution. we tested the hypothesis that patients with high (greater than or eq ... | 2010 | 3116451 |
| [outpatient care in uric acid disorders]. | in 35 patients with uricopathy (arthritis urica, essential hyperuricaemia) the serum uric acid values, consumption of alcohol, overweight, hypertension and liver enzyma under dietary and medicamentous therapy (allopurinol) were investigated. here during an observation lasting 12--48 months allopurinol proved as a well tolerable uricostatic drug which was sufficiently effective also with a considerable exogenic purine application. we only insufficiently succeeded in influencing overweight and alc ... | 2004 | 539007 |
| [therapeutic endoscopy in the gastrointestinal tract]. | in selected chapters of the therapeutic endoscopy we tried to represent secure knowledge, actual tendencies and partly future prognoses. hereby completeness cannot be expected. however, it became clear that numerous physical principles became useful for the therapy with the endoscope. chemical techniques, such as the litholysis of gall-stones are only at present used in our field. with all scepticism against the own field of interest one may say that the operative therapeutic endoscopy, as it is ... | 2004 | 539002 |
| [dynamics of the humoral immunity indices in children with phenylketonuria against a background of diet therapy and after its discontinuance]. | the paper concerns variations in some parameters of humoral immunity in children with phenylketonuria examined at varying time (in the presence of specific dietetics and after its discontinuation). it is concluded that in children over 5 years of age, the hyperphenylalaninemia newly occurring after discontinuation of dietetics does not exert any material effect on the function of the mature enough immune system. | 2004 | 516615 |
| primary dental care: an educational methodology for dental hygiene students. | | 2005 | 1069646 |
| community action research teams in population focused nursing a post diploma learning experience. | | 2006 | 1636365 |
| chondromyxoid fibroma of the mandible. diagnostic image cytometry findings and review of the literature. | a case of chondromyxoid fibroma in the mandible of a 12-year-old boy is reported. a review of the literature is presented with emphasis on flow and image cytometric analysis and evaluation of the radiologic and histologic differences between chondromyxoid fibroma and chondrosarcoma. | 2006 | 1574309 |
| child abuse: does prosecution serve any useful purpose? | | 2006 | 1635513 |
| [the basic groups of modern preparations. ii. loop diuretics. osmotic diuretics. aquaretics. uricosuric diuretics]. | | 2006 | 1440324 |
| effects of constraint on the oscillatory pattern of endosonic files. | when operated in air, the transverse oscillation of the endosonic file exhibits a series of nodes and antinodes along its length with the greatest displacement amplitude occurring at the unconstrained tip. endosonic files of varying design, length, and thickness exhibit differences in their oscillation. preliminary work has revealed that the endosonic file is susceptible to constraint when working within the root canal and a model system was designed to investigate this problem. the constraining ... | 2008 | 2607288 |
| differential expression of the il-2 receptor subunits, p55 and p75 on various populations of primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | unstimulated pbl were examined for expression of il-2r subunits, il-2rp55 and il-2rp75, by two-color flow cytometric analyses using mab. nkh-1+ non-t non-b cells expressed il-2rp75 but not il-2rp55, and the il-2rp75 sites on purified nkh-1+ cells were determined to be 1630 sites/cell by binding of 125i-labeled tu27 mab specific for il-2rp75. in the cd4+ t cell population, il-2rp55+ cells were significantly detected, but little or marginally of the il-2rp75+ cells. however, il-2rp75+ cells were s ... | 2008 | 2584707 |
| [clinical study of osteoporosis]. | | 2008 | 2614196 |
| response to "an interpretive study describing the clinical judgment of nurse practitioners". | | 2009 | 2772453 |
| sce induction by ccnu and pregnancy. | | 2009 | 2704378 |
| screening for cancer of the cervix. | | 2009 | 2687425 |
| proton beam therapy of uveal melanomas. | | 2010 | 3006647 |
| proton beam therapy of uveal melanomas. | | 2010 | 3006647 |
| cyclosporin a treatment in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. | in a pilot study 23 children with nephrotic syndrome were treated with cyclosporin a (cs) for 6-45 months. 8 children suffered from steroid dependent minimal change nephrotic syndrome (mcns) and had experienced at least one course with cytotoxic drugs, but had relapsed thereafter. 2 children had diabetes mellitus type i with nephrotic syndrome and 13 children had steroid resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (fsgs). cs was started with 100 mg/m2/day in two doses and increased stepwise to ... | 2011 | 3236762 |
| tripelennamine enhances buprenorphine-, but not pentazocine-induced hyperactivity in mice. | the opioid agonist-antagonist pentazocine (1-30 mg/kg) and the partial agonist buprenorphine (0.05-0.25 mg/kg) were tested, alone or in combination with the histamine h1-receptor antagonist tripelennamine (1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg), on locomotor activity in mice of the cd-1 strain. when given alone, pentazocine produced slight and non-dose-related activity increments, while buprenorphine induced strong and dose-related locomotor stimulation. tripelennamine slightly increased activity by itself and ... | 2011 | 3137594 |
| ovarian carcinoma: abdominopelvic irradiation following reexploration. | twenty patients with ovarian cancer, who following reexploration were left with residual disease nodules of less than 2 cm diameter, received abdominopelvic irradiation. of these patients 18 had previous chemotherapy. fifteen patients completed treatment, 13 of whom had prior chemotherapy. six of the 18 patients with invasive tumors were alive and disease free 18-53 months postradiotherapy, while only 4 patients had died at the time of follow-up. no patient with residual nodules greater than 1 c ... | 2011 | 3141249 |
| a multicentre study of flumequine in the treatment of urinary tract infections. | the efficacy and safety of flumequine were evaluated in the treatment of 121 cases uncomplicated (65.5%) and complicated (34.5%) urinary tract infections (uti) when given as a dose of 400 mg bd. duration of treatment ranged from 7-15 days, with a mean of 10. thirty days post-therapy, cure persisted in 92.3% of the patients with uncomplicated uti and in 53.7% of those with complicated uti. relapse or re-infection occurred in 34.1% of the patients with complicated uti, and in 12.2%, the infecting ... | 2012 | 3356617 |
| [contact psychology]. | | 2013 | 4258102 |
| alcohol and the brain: neuropsychological correlates. | | 2013 | 3597943 |
| [stopped flow--circular dichroism method]. | | 2014 | 4081026 |
| response of body weight to a low carbohydrate, high fat diet in normal and obese subjects. | | 2015 | 4703054 |
| four keys to 100 per cent success in tetanus prophylaxis. | | 2015 | 4613194 |
| an accurate system for evaluating gamma ray collimators. | | 2015 | 4438442 |
| a classification of surgical and congenital defects of the head and neck. | | 2016 | 4916391 |
| delusional reduplication following closed-head injury. | somatic delusions following brain injury are not uncommon, and have been well documented in the literature. this study documents a case of somatic delusion which was seen in a patient following a head injury secondary to a motorcycle accident. although perhaps not typical it serves to illustrate an interesting example of a somatic delusion following head trauma. on recovery from coma this patient reported the existence of a 'third arm' adjacent to the limb that had received the greatest impact i ... | 2006 | 1393179 |
| [neutralization of low molecular weight heparin kabi 2165 by protamine chloride]. | low molecular weight (lmw) heparin kabi 2165 possesses improved pharmacodynamic properties compared with conventional heparin. it is currently investigated in the prophylaxis of thromboembolism. the neutralization of kabi 2165 by protamine chloride was analysed after i.v. injection of both the agent and the antidot in healthy persons. the anticoagulant effects of the lmw heparin on the activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin, and thromboelastography are completely and immediately suppres ... | 2013 | 3807263 |
| [a case of immediate fertility restoration following childbirth]. | we report an unwanted pregnancy following immediately after fulltime childbirth. we could not find previous reports of this nature in international literature. women who give bottle-feeding are even more liable to early return of ovulatory cycles than women who give breastfeeding. if a puerpera has vaginal bleeding (not lochia), there is an increased risk of ovulation as well as of endometritis. it is no longer acceptable to take impossibility to conceive immediately after delivery for granted: ... | 2009 | 2654662 |
| [occupational medicine problems of an aviation physician]. | | 2015 | 4701759 |
| [occupational medicine problems of an aviation physician]. | | 2015 | 4701759 |
| factors affecting survival after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. | to identify the factors affecting the high mortality rates associated with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa), a review was made of the records of 81 patients treated surgically between 1972 and 1983. correlation of data with survival and predictive value of preoperative findings were studied. the mortality rate was 43.2%; there was a 29.2% mortality rate among those surviving the day of surgery. patient-determined variables associated with deaths included age more than 76 years, hematocri ... | 2014 | 4009838 |
| nursing's role in promoting health for elders in the community. | | 2011 | 3071500 |
| the study of enzyme mechanisms by a combination of cosolvent, low-temperature and high-pressure techniques. | | 2001 | 95127 |
| [alcohol intoxication and its differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. | acute alcohol intoxication causes a lot of diagnostic problems. every doctor should be well informed about its differential diagnostic aspects. carelessness concerning diagnosis can be detrimental to the patient and the physician as well. | 2004 | 532410 |
| prescribing procrastination. | in his everyday work the family physician sees many patients whose problems have been diagnosed but for whom postponement of an active treatment plan is indicated. the physician must therefore prescribe procrastination in a carefully planned way. i describe some ideas and practical methods for doing this. | 2004 | 529244 |