| [lysogeny and lysogenic conversion in methylotrophic bacteria. ii. lysogenic conversion in facultative methanol-assimilating acetobacter strains]. | the lysogenic state of the methylotrophic strain acetobacter mb 58/1 is completely demonstrated by curing and lysogenization experiments. during these investigations we found that some phenotypic characteristics are modified by the presence or loss of the prophage mo 1. it could be shown that changes of the serological behaviour, the adsorption of the phages and the sensitivity against oxytetracycline are caused by lysogenic conversion. the phenotypic alterations of the bacterial cells induced b ... | 1983 | 6880251 |
| alteration of in vivo cellulose ribbon assembly by carboxymethylcellulose and other cellulose derivatives. | in vivo cellulose ribbon assembly by the gram-negative bacterium acetobacter xylinum can be altered by incubation in carboxymethylcellulose (cmc), a negatively charged water-soluble cellulose derivative, and also by incubation in a variety of neutral, water-soluble cellulose derivatives. in the presence of all of these substituted celluloses, normal fasciation of microfibril bundles to form the typical twisting ribbon is prevented. alteration of ribbon assembly is most extensive in the presence ... | 1982 | 6889605 |
| preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to cephalexin-synthesizing enzyme from acetobacter turbidans. | eleven monoclonal antibodies against the cephalexin-synthesizing enzyme have been constructed and primarily characterized. these antibodies are all igg1 type, with medium affinity, and with no enzyme-inhibition effect. they will be utilized as immunoadsorbents to purify their corresponding antigen, the enzyme, in one step. | 1988 | 3169806 |
| intracellular ph and membrane potential as regulators in the prokaryotic cell. | | 1987 | 3295250 |
| metabolism of the 18o-methoxy substituent of 3-methoxybenzoic acid and other unlabeled methoxybenzoic acids by anaerobic bacteria. | o-methyl substituents of aromatic compounds can provide c1 growth substrates for facultative and strict anaerobic bacteria isolated from diverse environments. the mechanism of the bioconversion of methoxylated benzoic acids to the hydroxylated derivatives was investigated with a model substrate and cultures of one anaerobic consortium, eight strict anaerobic bacteria, and one facultative anaerobic microorganism. using high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectral analy ... | 1988 | 3389815 |
| biosynthesis of polysaccharides in acetobacter xylinum. sequential synthesis of a heptasaccharide diphosphate prenol. | the sequential synthesis in vitro of a heptasaccharide diphosphate prenol, containing glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose in the ratio 4:1:1:1 is described. the enzyme preparation consisted of edta-treated acetobacter xylinum cells and udp-glucose, gdp-mannose, udp-glucuronic acid and tdp-rhamnose were employed as sugar donors. the compounds soluble in chloroform/methanol/water (1:2:0.3) formed from incubations carried out under different conditions in the presence of a variety of com ... | 1982 | 7075605 |
| ecological studies on the occurrence of bacteria utilizing lactic acid at ph values below 4.5. | | 1982 | 7118748 |
| [effect of 1,2,4-triaminotriazole on candida mycoderma catalase in substrate oxidation]. | the effect of 1,2,4-triaminotriazole on the activity of catalase was studied in the resting cells of candida mycoderma when they oxidized glucose, ethanol and other alcohols. the compound was shown to inhibit the activity of catalase in the cells when the endogenous substrate and glucose were oxidized, but it had no effect on its activity during the oxidation of alcohols (c1-c4). catalase is supposed to be involved in the oxidation of lower alcohols forming a complex with them and thus preventin ... | 1982 | 7121327 |
| numerical analysis of frateur's phenotypic data on acetic acid bacteria. | | 1982 | 7125638 |
| single-carbon chemistry of acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria. | methanogenic and acetogenic bacteria metabolize carbon monoxide, methanol, formate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide gases and, in the case of certain methanogens, acetate, by single-carbon (c1) biochemical mechanisms. many of these reactions occur while the c1 compounds are linked to pteridine derivatives and tetrapyrrole coenzymes, including corrinoids, which are used to generate, reduce, or carbonylate methyl groups. several metalloenzymes, including a nickel-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogena ... | 1985 | 3919443 |
| [regulation of pep-carboxylase of the facultative methylotrop acetobacter sp. mb 58]. | acetobacter sp. mb 58 assimilates methanol via the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate variant of the hexulose phosphate pathway. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate originates as net product of an assimilation loop involving the regeneration of the c1-acceptor ribulose-5-phosphate and must be available for the de novo synthesis of the c1-acceptor as well as for the oxidative glycolysis. it is made probable in a regulatory model that this is accomplished via alternating anabolic and catabolic phases which are cont ... | 1982 | 7157842 |
| [bacterium mb 58, a methylotrophic "acetic acid bacterium"]. | | 1980 | 7222745 |
| factors afecting the activity of pyruvate kinase of acetobacter xylinum. | 1. extracts of acetobacter xylinum were found to contain the glycolytic enzymes involved in the conversion of triose phosphate into pyruvate. pyruvate kinase had the lowest relative activity. phosphofructokinase activity was not detected in the extracts. 2. only slight differences in the activity of pyruvate kinase were observed between cells grown on glucose and those grown on intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. 3. pyruvate kinase, partially purified from ultrasonic extracts by ammon ... | 1969 | 4241738 |
| isolation and characterization of a new extracellular polysaccharide from a cellulose-negative strain of acetobacter xylinum. | | 1981 | 7260736 |
| the nitrogen requirements of gluconobacter, acetobacter and frateuria. | the nitrogen requirements of 96 gluconobacter, 55 acetobacter and 7 frateuria strains were examined. only some frateuria strains were able to grow on 0.5% yeast extract broth or 0.5% peptone broth. in the presence of d-glucose or d-mannitol as a carbon source, ammonium was used as the sole source of nitrogen by all three genera. with ethanol, only a few acetobacter strains grew on ammonium as a sole nitrogen source. single l-amino acids cannot serve as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen for gr ... | 1981 | 7342881 |
| [biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose from d-glucose uniformly enriched in 13c (author's transl)]. | | 1980 | 7358044 |
| intermediatry steps in acetobacter xylinum cellulose synthesis: studies with whole cells and cell-free preparations of the wild type and a celluloseless mutant. | intermediatry steps in cellulose synthesis in acetobacter xylinum were studied with resting cells and particulate-membranous preparations of the wild-type strain and of a celluloseless mutant. exogenously supplied [1-14c]glucose was rapidly converted by resting cells of both types into glucose 6-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, and uridine glucose 5'-diphosphate (udp)-glucose and incorporated into lipid-, water-, and alkali-soluble cellular fractions. the decrease in the level of labeled hexose-p ... | 1980 | 7410313 |
| [preservation of lyophilized cultures of saprophytic microorganisms]. | all of the tested saprophytic microbial cultures remained viable upon 11--16 years of storage in the lyophilized state at 3--6 degrees. the cultures belonged to the following taxonomic groups: acetobacter, achromobacter, azotobacter, bacillus, chromatium, escherichia, flavobacterium, lactobacillus, micrococcus, proteus, propionibacterium, pseudomonas, rhizobium, sarcina, serratia, streptococcus, torula, mycobacterium, actinomyces. the number of viable cells in the tubes decredased only slightly ... | 1980 | 7412623 |
| calcofluor white st alters the in vivo assembly of cellulose microfibrils. | the fluorescent brightener, calcofluor white st, prevents the in vivo assembly of crystalline cellulose microfibrils and ribbons by acetobacter xylinum. in the presence of more than 0.01 percent calcofluor, acetobacter continues to synthesize high-molecular-weight beta-1,4 glucans. x-ray crystallography shows that the altered product exhibits no detectable crystallinity in the wet state, but upon drying it changes into crystalline cellulose i. calcofluor alters cellulose crystallization by hydro ... | 1980 | 7434003 |
| nutritional requirements and biochemical activities of pineapple pink disease bacterial strains from hawaii. | bacteria which cause pink disease of pineapple, identified on the basis of their nutritional and biochemical activities, were found to belong to three genera. these bacteria include the following species: gluconobacter oxydans, acetobacter aceti, and erwinia herbicola. several pink disease strains required one to three vitamins for growth. both g. oxydans strains 303d and 180 required biotin, nicotinic acid, and pantothenic acid for growth; e. herbicola 189 required only nicotinic acid; however, ... | 1980 | 7436404 |
| non-specific biosynthesis of hopane triterpenes by a cell-free system from acetobacter pasteurianum. | 1. a cell-free system from the bacterium acetobacter pasteurianum was incubated with [12-3h]squalene; diploptene and diplopterol, hopanoids normally present in the bacterium, were labelled. their radioactivity was confirmed by purification using thin-layer chromatography, synthesis of derivatives and recrystallization to constant specific activity. this demonstrates the direct cyclization of squalene into diploptene and diplopterol, catalysed by a squalene cyclase activity in a. pasteurianum. 2. ... | 1980 | 7460938 |
| structure of the capsular polysaccharide and the o-side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide from acetobacter methanolicus mb 70, and of oligosaccharides resulting from their degradation by the bacteriophage acm6. | acetobacter methanolicus mb 70 was shown to be related to the type strain of this species mb 58/4 (imet 10945) having the same galactan-->2)-beta-d-gal f-(1-->3)-beta-d-gal p-(1-->as the capsular polysaccharide (cps) and the o-side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide (lps). additionally, a glucan built up of the disaccharide repeating unit-->6)-alpha-d-glc p-(1-->2)-alpha-d-glc p-(1-->was identified in strain mb 70. in the cps, the polymers were present in the ratio approximately 1:1, whereas the gl ... | 1994 | 7512445 |
| structure of the capsular polysaccharide and the o-side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide from acetobacter methanolicus mb 135 (imet 11402). | | 1994 | 7512446 |
| effective production of glycosyl-steviosides by alpha-1,6 transglucosylation of dextrin dextranase. | dextrin dextranase (ec 2.4.1.2; ddase), which is produced by acetobacter capsulatus atcc 11894, acted on a mixture of stevioside and starch hydrolysate with isoamylase, so that the enzyme was found to convert stevioside to predominantly mono-glucosyl-stevioside (sg1) and di-glucosyl-stevioside (sg2), and little of the stevioside initially added remained. sg1 was separated into two compounds (sg1a and sg1b) by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. the structures of sg1a, sg1b, and s ... | 1994 | 7524819 |
| biocatalysis in organic chemistry (part i): past and present. | methods used in the manufacture of both ethanol and ascorbic acid have been developed over the past 150 years. the early stages of the development of both processes were characterized by the interaction between chemists, biologists and engineers, but social and economic influences also played their part. the history of these two examples illustrates the diversity of skills and influences needed for the application of biological catalysis to large-scale chemical manufacture. | 1995 | 7540395 |
| [detection of 2 forms of nad-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase in acetobacter melanogenum]. | | 1973 | 4780707 |
| cytotoxic effects of several hopanoids on mouse leukemia l1210 and p388 cells. | the cytotoxic effects of hopanoids, including bacteriohopane-32, 33, 34, 35-tetrol (tetrol), bacteriohopane-32-ol (monol), diploptene, diplopterol and acetylated monol (aco-monol) isolated from acetobacter aceti, were tested against two leukemia cell lines. tetrol and monol have been shown to be toxic to mouse l1210 and p388 compared to the other hopanoids. by measuring the esr spectra of the spin labeled membranes of these cells, it was shown that the incorporation of monol resulted in a decrea ... | 1995 | 7550095 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the membrane-bound l-sorbosone dehydrogenase gene of acetobacter liquefaciens ifo 12258 and its expression in gluconobacter oxydans. | cloning and expression of the gene encoding acetobacter liquefaciens ifo 12258 membrane-bound l-sorbosone dehydrogenase (sndh) were studied. a genomic library of a. liquefaciens ifo 12258 was constructed with the mobilizable cosmid vector pvk102 (mob+) in escherichia coli s17-1 (tra+). the library was transferred by conjugal mating into gluconobacter oxydans ox4, a mutant of g. oxydans ifo 3293 that accumulates l-sorbosone in the presence of l-sorbose. the transconjugants were screened for sndh ... | 1995 | 7574579 |
| generation mechanism and purification of an inactive form convertible in vivo to the active form of quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase in gluconobacter suboxydans. | alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of acetic acid bacteria is a membrane-bound quinohemoprotein-cytochrome c complex involved in vinegar production. in gluconobacter suboxydans grown under acidic growth conditions, it was found that adh content in the membranes was largely increased but the activity was not much changed, suggesting that such a condition produces an inactive form of adh (inactive adh). a similar phenomenon could be also observed in acetobacter aceti, another genus of acetic acid bacteri ... | 1995 | 7592433 |
| biphasic growth of acetobacter suboxydans on a glycerol-limiting medium. | dihydroxyacetone was quantitatively produced from glycerol during the primary exponential growth phase and depleted during the secondary exponential phase. although no growth was detected on the basal medium, growth occurred upon addition of dihydroxyacetone. | 1971 | 5122812 |
| [utilization of ethanol by acetomonas oxydans]. | | 1968 | 5727910 |
| differentiation of capsular polysaccharides from acetobacter diazotrophicus strains isolated from sugarcane. | capsular polysaccharides (cpss) from six representative strains of acetobacter diazotrophicus were isolated and fractionated by gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. purified cpss obtained in the non-adsorbed fraction of a deae-sephadex a-25 column were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for sugar composition. uronic acid and amino sugars were not detected in all purified cpss. basically the cpss of a. diazotrophicus are composed of rhamnose, mannose, galactose and glucose. th ... | 1995 | 7651237 |
| cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the gene encoding the smallest subunit of the three-component membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase from acetobacter pasteurianus. | the membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of acetobacter pasteurianus nci1452 consists of three different subunits, a 78-kda dehydrogenase subunit, a 48-kda cytochrome c subunit, and a 20-kda subunit of unknown function. for elucidation of the function of the smallest subunit, this gene was cloned from this strain by the oligonucleotide-probing method, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence and the nh2-terminal sequence determined for the p ... | 1995 | 7665483 |
| [on an acetic acid bacterium which can oxidize acetic acid but cannot use it as sole source of carbon]. | | 1968 | 5727911 |
| growth phase-dependent induction of stationary-phase promoters of escherichia coli in different gram-negative bacteria. | rsf1010-derived plasmids carrying a fusion of a promoterless lacz gene with the sigma s-dependent growth phase-regulated promoters of escherichia coli, bolap1 and fic, were constructed. the plasmids were mobilized into the gram-negative bacterial species acetobacter methanolicus, xanthomonas campestris, pseudomonas putida, and rhizobium meliloti. the beta-galactosidase activities of bacterial cultures were determined during exponential and stationary growth phases. transcriptional activation of ... | 1995 | 7665531 |
| [growth of acetobacter suboxydans on a medium with sorbitol at various values of redox potential]. | | 1968 | 5735973 |
| observation of the helical structure of the bacterial polysaccharide acetan by atomic force microscopy. | a method has been developed that has been found to give reproducible images of uncoated polysaccharides by atomic force microscopy (afm). aqueous solutions of the polysaccharide are deposited as drops onto freshly cleaved mica surfaces, air dried, and then imaged under butanol. the method has been used to obtain images of the bacterial polysaccharide acetan. in regions within the deposited sample, where the molecules are aligned side-by-side, it has been possible to observe a periodic structure ... | 1995 | 7711262 |
| genetic analysis of the acetan biosynthetic pathway in acetobacter xylinum. | we have identified, cloned and sequenced an 8422 base pair fragment of acetobacter xylinum genomic dna containing part of the acetan biosynthetic gene cluster. computer analysis of the nucleotide sequence data generated revealed the presence of six open reading frames. comparison of the translated sequences of putative genes to the amino acid sequences of genes from other organisms was used to assign functions to the acea, acec and manb genes. these genes were predicted to encode a udp-glycosyl ... | 1994 | 7727341 |
| biosynthesis of a novel polysaccharide by acetobacter xylinum. | an acetobacter xylinum adapted to a medium containing n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) has been used to prepare a novel polysaccharide containing residual glcnac in cellulose. the maximum amount of incorporation was found to be 4 mol% in cellulose, when a mixed medium containing 1.4% glucose (glc) and 0.6% glcnac was used for the culture of a. xylinum. the resulting polysaccharide was lysozyme-susceptible. the aminosugar residue incorporated into bacterial cellulose was found to be only glcnac, even ... | 1994 | 7727342 |
| [composition and various properties of rna in acetobacter suboxydans]. | | 1968 | 5736004 |
| formation, derivatization and applications of bacterial cellulose. | acetobacter xylinum produces highly crystalline cellulose extracellularly using glucose as a carbon source. the polymer formed is free of other biogenic compounds, separable in a simple way and characterized by its high water-absorption capacity. stepwise solvent exchange from water to unpolar solvents leads to a drastic decrease of the water content of the bacterial cellulose without decrease of the highly swollen and activated state. heterogeneous as well as homogeneous derivatizations, e.g. c ... | 1994 | 7727350 |
| [constant electrical dipole moment of bacteria and bacteriophages]. | | 1966 | 5999805 |
| the na(+)-translocating atpase of acetobacterium woodii is a f1f0-type enzyme as deduced from the primary structure of its beta, gamma and epsilon subunits. | a 4.5 kbp ecori fragment hybridizing to a fragment of uncd (coding for subunit beta of f1f0-atpases) was cloned from chromosomal dna of acetobacterium woodii. the nucleotide sequence was determined and revealed five open reading frames (orf), four of which were identified to code for subunits of the na(+)-atpase. the deduced amino acid sequences of these orf's are homologous to subunit alpha (partial coding sequence, c-terminal end), gamma, beta and epsilon of f1f0-atpases from various organisms ... | 1995 | 7748890 |
| biosynthesis of alpha-isopropylmalic and citric acids in acetobacter suboxydans. | cell-free extracts of acetobacter suboxydans were prepared which were capable of condensing alpha-ketoisovalerate with (14)c-labeled acetyl-coenzyme a to yield (14)c-labeled alpha-isopropylmalate. the product of the reaction was isolated by paper and column chromatography and was characterized by recrystallization with synthetic alpha-isopropylmalic acid to constant specific radioactivity. the formation of alpha-isopropylmalate by extracts of a. suboxydans plus the ability of the organism to gro ... | 1967 | 6035258 |
| gtp-insensitive ornithine decarboxylase in acetobacteria able to synthesize spermine. | several acetobacteria contained large amounts of spermine in addition to the putrescine and spermidine, which are the polyamines normally found in prokaryotes. a spermine synthase present in cell extracts of these acetobacteria is the first example of this enzyme in prokaryotes. dicyclohexylammonium sulphate inhibited both spermidine synthase and spermine synthase activities in acetobacteria. their ornithine decarboxylase was not stimulated by gtp nor inhibited by ppgpp and pppgpp (magic spots i ... | 1983 | 6411092 |
| the holding time in pure and mixed culture fermentations. | continuous mixed culture fermentations have been studied in the continuous-stirred tank reactor. the residence or holding time, theta, is important in determining which of two mixed organisms shall dominate in numbers. continuous ethanol and acetic-acid fermentations are known to the brewing industry. the continuous production of ethanol and acetic acid are contingent upon the cells of saccharomyces and acetobacter being alive and growing. these are known as growth-associated products. on the ot ... | 1983 | 6422823 |
| a new bacterial cellulose substrate for mammalian cell culture. a new bacterial cellulose substrate. | a new substrate for mammalian cell culture was developed using a cellulose membrane produced by acetobacter aceti. modification of the ionic charge of the membrane and adsorption of collagen to it promoted cellular adhesion to the membrane surface. the growth of eight kinds of cells on the membrane, was comparable to that achieved in plastic petri dishes. the membrane was tested for use in the production of recombinant erythroid differentiation factor (edf)/activin a using genetically engineered ... | 1993 | 7764575 |
| ionic adsorption of catalase on bioskin: kinetic and ultrastructural studies. | bioskin is a natural polymer produced by acetobacter xylinum and several yeasts in culture. it contains glucosamine and n-acetyl galactosamine which promote ionic adsorption of catalase at the adequate ph value. high values of ionic strength are required to enzyme desorption. adsorption of catalase on bioskin fibers has been visualized by scanning electron microscopy associated to a dispersion x-ray analyzer. at low enzyme density, the affinity of the immobilized catalase for hydrogen peroxide w ... | 1994 | 7764725 |
| purification and properties of nad-dependent 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase from acetobacterium woodii. | an nad-dependent 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase has been purified to homogeneity from autotrophically and heterotrophically grown cells of acetobacterium woodii. the enzymes from the differently grown cells were indistinguishable by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and have a final specific activity of 670 units mg-1. the enzyme is oxygen-labile; therefore, it was isolated under anaerobic conditions in the presence of dithiothreitol. the oxidized enzyme can ... | 1984 | 6608524 |
| factors relevant to the production of (r)-(+)-glycidol (2,3-epoxy-1-propanol) from racemic glycidol by enantioselective oxidation with acetobacter pasteurianus atcc 12874. | acetobacter pasteurianus oxidizes glycidol with high activity, comparable to the oxidation of ethanol. the organism has a preference for the s-enantiomer, and the kinetic resolution process obeys a simple relationship, indicating an enantiomeric ratio (e) of 19. the compound is converted into glycidic acid, although a transient accumulation of glycidaldehyde occurs initially. determination of other parameters revealed a temperature optimum of 50 degrees c, long-term stability (cells in the resti ... | 1994 | 7765650 |
| cloning of the acetobacter xylinum cellulase gene and its expression in escherichia coli and zymomonas mobilis. | a dna fragment corresponding to carboxymethylcellulase activity of acetobacter xylinum ifo 3288 was isolated and cloned in escherichia coli, and the dna sequence was determined. the dna fragment sequenced had an open-reading frame of 654 base pairs that encoded a protein of 218 amino acid residues with a deduced molecular mass of 23,996 da. the protein encoded in the dna fragment expressed in e. coli hydrolyzed a carboxymethylcellulose. this gene was subcloned into the shuttle vector [pza22; mis ... | 1994 | 7765731 |
| methane formation from fructose by syntrophic associations of acetobacterium woodii and different strains of methanogens. | when acetobacterium woodii was co-cultured in continuous or in stationary culture with methanobacterium strain az, fructose instead of being converted to 3 mol of acetate was converted to 2 mol of acetate and 1 mol each of carbon dioxide and methane, showing that interspecies hydrogen transfer occurred. in continuous culture the organisms formed a close physical association in clumps; the doubling time for each organism was 6 h at 33 degrees c. methane mainly was derived from carbon positions 3 ... | 1980 | 6769417 |
| nmr studies of acetan and the related bacterial polysaccharide, cr1/4, produced by a mutant strain of acetobacter xylinum. | acetan is a bacterial polysaccharide produced by acetobacter xylinum nrrl b42. chemical mutagenesis of a.xylinum allowed selection of a mutant strain which produced a new polysaccharide, cr1/4. 2d nmr methods have been used to assign the 1h and 13c spectra of the two polysaccharides and to determine that cr1/4 has the structure shown below. the total number of o-acetyl groups is slightly less than two per repeating unit. [formula: see text] the pentasaccharide side chain of acetan is truncated t ... | 1995 | 7780996 |
| effect of molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide on chemo-organotrophic growth of acetobacterium woodii and clostridium aceticum. | during growth of acetobacterium woodii on fructose, glucose or lactate in a medium containing less than 0.04% bicarbonate, molecular hydrogen was evolved up to 0.1 mol per mol of substrate. under an h2-atmosphere growth of a. woodii with organic substrates was completely inhibited whereas under an h2/co2-atmosphere rapid growth occurred. under these conditions h2 + co2 and the organic substrate were utilized simultaneously indicating that a. woodii was able to grow mixotrophically. clostridium a ... | 1981 | 6783002 |
| nickel requirement of acetobacterium woodii. | growth of acetobacterium woodii on h2 and co2 rather than on fructose was dependent on nickel. nickel-deprived cultures growing on fructose did not synthesize acetate from co2; under these conditions hydrogen formation was used as the electron sink. the data indicate that nickel is involved in co2 reduction to acetate in a. woodii. | 1982 | 6807954 |
| transformation of microorganisms with the plasmid vector with the replicon from pac1 from acetobacter pasteurianus. | a number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria species was screened for the expression of the gram-negative plasmid pack5 and pact72 with replicon of pac1 plasmid from acetobacter pasteurianus. as was described previously, both plasmids were expressed in escherichia coli, acetobacter pasteurianus, acetobacter aceti, shigella spp. and citrobacter spp. expressions of plasmids were successful in twelve species tested, comamonas terrigena, salmonella typhimurium, serratia marcescens, bacillus ... | 1995 | 7832808 |
| induced circular dichroism study of the aqueous solution complexation of cello-oligosaccharides and related polysaccharides with aromatic dyes. | acetobacter xylinum, grown in the presence of low levels of the water-soluble dye calcofluor white st produces a pellicle of cellulose that has no detectable crystallinity. biological factors of this sort are probably more important than physical factors in controlling the higher order structures of celluloses. circular dichroism (cd) is induced by complexes that are formed by specific interactions between chiral oligosaccharides and dye molecules. using cd, equilibrium constants were measured f ... | 1994 | 7842441 |
| modification of crystallinity and crystalline structure of acetobacter xylinum cellulose in the presence of water-soluble beta-1,4-linked polysaccharides: 13c-nmr evidence. | cellulose produced by acetobacter xylinum in medium containing 0.5% xyloglucan or glucomannan showed altered crystallinities and shifted i alpha/i beta ratios when analysed by solid-state 13c-nmr. by estimating the spectra of cellulose components in each composite, a decreased i alpha content was shown to be countered by increased i beta content in cellulose aggregated in the presence of xyloglucan, causing minimal loss of crystallinity. however, the i alpha decrease was linked primarily to incr ... | 1994 | 7848969 |
| improvement in the long-term stability of an amperometric glucose sensor system by introducing a cellulose membrane of bacterial origin. | classical amperometric glucose sensors that use cellulose membranes of wood origin (cuprophan) suffer from the fact that their long-term stability in blood is short; therefore, their clinical use is limited. in the present study, a classical amperometric glucose sensor was covered with a bacterial cellulose (bc) membrane. its surface in comparison to that of the classical glucose sensor (cuprophan) and its long-term stability were tested in vitro and in vivo. the surface element composition was ... | 1995 | 7856888 |
| genes required for cellulose synthesis in agrobacterium tumefaciens. | a region of the chromosome of agrobacterium tumefaciens 11 kb long containing two operons required for cellulose synthesis and a part of a gene homologous to the fixr gene of bradyrhizobium japonicum has been sequenced. one of the cellulose synthesis operons contained a gene (cela) homologous to the cellulose synthase (bsca) gene of acetobacter xylinum. the same operon also contained a gene (celc) homologous to endoglucanase genes from a. xylinum, cellulomonas uda, and erwinia chrysanthemi. the ... | 1995 | 7860585 |
| sulfur metabolism in the biosynthesis of monobactams. | we studied the biosynthesis of monobactams with respect to sulfur metabolism in chromobacterium violaceum, acetobacter sp., and agrobacterium radiobacter. all three organisms used inorganic sulfur for monobactam production. when sulfur-containing amino acids were assayed as a source of sulfur for monobactam production, c. violaceum used cystine but not cysteine or methionine, acetobacter sp. used all three compounds, and a. radiobacter used none. 35s from cysteine, methionine, and sodium sulfate ... | 1983 | 6859838 |
| [lysogeny and lysogenic conversion in methylotropic bacteria. i. demonstration of the lysogenic state of the facultative methanol-assimilating strain of acetobacter mb 58/1 and characterization of its temperate phage mo 1]. | | 1983 | 6868653 |
| subunit composition and partial reactions of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of acetobacter xylinum. | | 1980 | 6896181 |
| [hydrogen peroxide release into the medium by growing and resting yeast cells]. | the yeast candida mycoderma and its mutant lacking cytochrome oxidase and cytochromes b were grown in the glucose-mineral rieder medium and liberated hydrogen peroxide. the evolution of hydrogen peroxide was found also in the resting cells of the parent strain and its mutant when they oxidized glucose, ethanol and endogenous substrates. the evolution of hydrogen peroxide was registered also during the growth of other yeast cultures, in particular, those belonging to saccharomyces and torulopsis. | 1981 | 7024745 |
| is1032 from acetobacter xylinum, a new mobile insertion sequence. | is1031 elements constitute a family of related insertion sequences (is) in acetobacter xylinum strains. a new is1031-related element, is1032, was isolated from a. xylinum atcc 23770. southern hybridization analysis showed that one or more sequences similar to is1032 are present in most of the a. xylinum strains examined. in addition, one copy was detected in acetobacter aceti atcc 15973. the transposition of is1032 was evident from the appearance of an extra insertion in a spontaneous exopolysac ... | 1994 | 7991672 |
| nucleotide sequence and expression analysis of the acetobacter xylinum phosphoglucomutase gene. | the acetobacter xylinum gene (celb) encoding phosphoglucomutase (ec 5.4.2.2) has previously been cloned by complementation of cellulose-negative mutants. in the present report the nucleotide sequence of a 2.0 kb dna fragment containing celb is described. expression analysis using the bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase promoter phi 10 resulted in identification of a probable translational start codon of celb, and this conclusion was confirmed by n-terminal amino acid sequencing of the recombinant pr ... | 1994 | 8025683 |
| [progress of beta-lactam antibiotics. special reference to monobactam (author's transl)]. | | 1981 | 7038187 |
| the solution structure of the circular trinucleotide cr(gpgpgp) determined by nmr and molecular mechanics calculation. | the 3'-5' circular trinucleotide cr(gpgpgp) was studied by means of 1d and 2d high resolution nmr techniques and molecular mechanics calculations. analysis of the j-couplings, obtained from the 1h and 13c-nmr spectra, allowed the determination of the conformation of the sugar rings and of the 'circular' phosphate backbone. in the course of the investigations it was found that the karplus-equation most recently parametrized for the ccop j-coupling constants could not account for the measured j(c4 ... | 1994 | 8041628 |
| characterization of genes in the cellulose-synthesizing operon (acs operon) of acetobacter xylinum: implications for cellulose crystallization. | the synthesis of an extracellular ribbon of cellulose in the bacterium acetobacter xylinum takes place from linearly arranged, membrane-localized, cellulose-synthesizing and extrusion complexes that direct the coupled steps of polymerization and crystallization. to identify the different components involved in this process, we isolated an acetobacter cellulose-synthesizing (acs) operon from this bacterium. analysis of dna sequence shows the presence of three genes in the acs operon, in which the ... | 1994 | 8083166 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the pgm gene encoding phosphoglucomutase of escherichia coli. | we report here the identification and characterization of pgm, a gene in escherichia coli that encodes the enzyme phosphoglucomutase, specifically required for the catalysis of the interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. the predicted amino acid sequence of the pgm gene is highly conserved in e. coli, acetobacter xylinum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, rabbits, and humans. pgm deletion mutant strains are deficient in phosphoglucomutase activity. | 1994 | 8083177 |
| genetic organization of acetobacter for acetic acid fermentation. | plasmid vectors for the acetic acid-producing strains of acetobacter and gluconobacter were constructed from their cryptic plasmids and the efficient transformation conditions were established. the systems allowed to reveal the genetic background of the strains used in the acetic acid fermentation. genes encoding indispensable components in the acetic acid fermentation, such as alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and terminal oxidase, were cloned and characterized. spontaneous mutation ... | 1993 | 8092854 |
| structure of the capsular polysaccharide and the o-side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide from acetobacter methanolicus mb 58 (imet b346). | | 1994 | 8137368 |
| purification and characterization of the nad-preferring glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from acetobacter hansenii (acetobacter xylinum). | an nad-preferring glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase of acetobacter hansenii (formerly known as acetobacter xylinum) has been purified to apparent homogeneity and kinetically characterized. the purified enzyme was stabilized by the use of glycerol, mgso4, and 2-mercaptoethanol at ph 5.4. the molecular weight of the enzyme, determined by nondenaturing gel filtration, is 243,000. the subunit molecular weight is 60,140 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sugge ... | 1994 | 8179320 |
| molecular characterization of microbial alcohol dehydrogenases. | there is an astonishing array of microbial alcohol oxidoreductases. they display a wide variety of substrate specificities and they fulfill several vital but quite different physiological functions. some of these enzymes are involved in the production of alcoholic beverages and of industrial solvents, others are important in the production of vinegar, and still others participate in the degradation of naturally occurring and xenobiotic aromatic compounds as well as in the growth of bacteria and ... | 1994 | 8185833 |
| induction by ethanol of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in acetobacter pasteurianus. | the membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) activity of acetobacter pasteurianus nci1380 was enhanced more than 10-fold by the addition of ethanol to the medium. in order to elucidate the mechanism of the ethanol induction, a gene cluster encoding the dehydrogenase and cytochrome c subunits of adh was cloned from this strain, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences and the nh2-terminal sequences determined with purified proteins showed that t ... | 1993 | 8226628 |
| identification and analysis of the rhizobium meliloti exoamonp genes involved in exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and mapping of promoters located on the exohklamonp fragment. | sequence analysis of a 7.494 kb dna fragment from megaplasmid 2 of rhizobium meliloti 2011 involved in exopolysaccharide i (eps i) biosynthesis revealed the presence of five exo genes designated exoa, exom, exon, exoo, and exop. exon was found to show strong homology to a udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase from acetobacter xylinum, whereas exoo displayed weak homologies to the nodc proteins from r. meliloti and r. loti. surprisingly, different mutations in exop resulted in divergent phenotypes. one e ... | 1993 | 8246891 |
| in vitro biosynthesis of acetan using electroporated acetobacter xylinum cells as enzyme preparations. | acetobacter xylinum strain nrrl b42 and its derivative rcgr1 produce a complex exopolysaccharide, acetan, containing glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose in a 4:1:1:1 molar ratio. the in vitro synthesis of acetan, employing electroporated cells as the enzyme system and the respective 14c-labelled sugar nucleotide precursors, is described. the synthesis of the prenyl-linked heptasaccharide repeat unit, already observed in edta-treated cells, was confirmed, as well as the formation of ot ... | 1993 | 8277256 |
| a new gene required for cellulose production and a gene encoding cellulolytic activity in acetobacter xylinum are colocalized with the bcs operon. | recently, it was shown that a cellulose-negative mutant (cel1) of acetobacter xylinum atcc 23769 carried an insertion of an indigenous transposable element (is1031a) about 500 bp upstream of the bcs operon, required for cellulose synthesis. here we show that cel1 can be complemented by wild-type dna covering the insertion point. nucleotide sequencing of this region revealed the presence of two open reading frames, orf1 and orf2. orf2, which is disrupted by the is1031a insertion in cel1, potentia ... | 1994 | 8300521 |
| [cytochrome pattern of methylotropic acetic acid bacterium mb 58 as dependent on growth conditions]. | in contrast to methylotrophic bacteria investigated up to now the facultative methylotrophic bacterium mb 58 (acetobactersp. mb 58) does not possess a cytochrome aa3-complex, but we could find out cytochrome, cytochrome cco, cytochrome a1, and moreover cytochrome d in dependence on the growth conditions. cytochrome d was found only in stationary phase of heterotrophic growth. under methylotrophic growth conditions cytochrome d could be demonstrated only by lowering of the aeration rate during th ... | 1982 | 7136013 |
| gluconobacters from honey bees. | fifty-six gluconobacter strains and one acetobacter strain were isolated from honey bees and their environment in three different regions in belgium and identified phenotypically. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the soluble cell proteins showed that two different types exist within the gluconobacter isolates: strains from type a were found in samples of the three regions, whereas strains from type b were only isolated in two of the three regions. both types could occur in bees from the sam ... | 1981 | 7259151 |
| structural studies of acetan, an exopolysaccharide elaborated by acetobacter xylinum. | the exopolysaccharide acetan, elaborated by acetobacter xylinum, has been investigated. the polysaccharide and a heptasaccharide, obtained on enzymic hydrolysis, corresponding to the repeating unit were characterised by sugar and methylation analysis and by nmr spectroscopy and ms. it is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of repeating units with the following structure. [formula: see text] the polysaccharide further contains approximately two o-acetyl groups per repeating unit, which ... | 1993 | 8370027 |
| phage acm1-mediated transduction in the facultatively methanol-utilizing acetobacter methanolicus mb 58/4. | phage acm1, generally virulent for the acidophilic facultatively methanol-utilizing strain of acetobacter methanolicus mb 58/4, is also capable of lysogenizing its host strain at a low rate. using amino acid-auxotrophic mutants of a. methanolicus mb 58/4 as recipient strains, transduction of his, leu and tyr markers could be demonstrated in this system. the ability to prepare transducing lysates by propagation of phage acm1 on the prototrophic donor strain a. methanolicus mb 58/4, the transducti ... | 1993 | 8376955 |
| regulation of hexose phosphate metabolism in acetobacter xylinum. | the metabolism of glucose and fructose was studied in resting succinate-grown cells of acetobacter xylinum. from fructose only cellulose and co(2) were formed by the cells, whereas from glucose, gluconate was formed much more rapidly than these two products. the molar ratio of sugar converted into cellulose to sugar converted into co(2) was significantly greater than unity for both hexoses. the pattern of label retention in the cellulose formed by the cells from specifically (14)c-labelled gluco ... | 1974 | 4429547 |
| semiautomated method for microbiological vitamin assays. | a semiautomated method for microbiological vitamin assays is described, which includes separate automated systems for the preparation of the cultures and for the measurement of turbidity. in the dilution and dosage unit based on the continuous-flow principle, vitamin samples were diluted to two different dose levels at a rate of 40 per hr, mixed with the inoculated test broth, and dispensed into culture tubes. after incubation, racks with culture tubes were placed on the sampler of an automatic ... | 1972 | 4553802 |
| induction of orientation of bacterial cellulose microfibrils by a novel terpenoid from acetobacter xylinum. | 1. the bacterium acetobacter xylinum produces extracellular cellulose microfibrils that form a pellicle in the medium enmeshing the bacterial cells. these microfibrils may show some localized alignment, which can be seen as birefringence when the culture is viewed between crossed polaroid sheets. 2. an increase in birefringence can be induced by the addition of small amounts of certain classes of lipids, particularly sterols, to the cultures. 3. a crude lipid extract from acetobacter cells induc ... | 1973 | 4776865 |
| chirality of amino acids of microorganisms used in food biotechnology. | bacteria of the genera acetobacter, bifidobacterium, brevibacterium, lactobacillus, micrococcus, propionibacterium, and streptococcus, which are used as so-called starter cultures for the large-scale production of fermented foods and beverages in food biotechnology, have been investigated for the chirality of their amino acids (aa) by gas chromatography (gc). bacteria were grown in complex media, centrifuged, and washed with 0.85% aqueous nacl. aliquots were totally hydrolyzed (6 m hcl, 110 degr ... | 1993 | 8398596 |
| a family of is1031 elements in the genome of acetobacter xylinum: nucleotide sequences and strain distribution. | an insertion sequence (here called is1031a) from acetobacter xylinum atcc 23769 has recently been isolated. this study describes the complete nucleotide sequence of is1031a as well as the sequences of two novel iso-is1031 elements, is1031c and is1031d, from a. xylinum atcc 23769. the three iss are all exactly 930 bp long, have imperfect terminal inverted repeats of 24 bp for is1031a and 21 bp for is1031c and is1031d, are flanked by three base pair direct repeats, and contain an open reading fram ... | 1993 | 8412666 |
| repression of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in escherichia coli by an antisense rna of acetobacter methanolicus phage acm1. | lysogenic acetobacter methanolicus strains carrying the prophage acm1 were found to be unable to synthesize both the capsular polysaccharide (cps) and the o-specific side-chain of lipopolysaccharide (lps) and to represent rough variants of the host bacterium. a 262 bp dna fragment of phage acm1, obviously required for interference with lps biosynthesis, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. independently of the o-type, transformation of various e. coli strains with the recombinant dna re ... | 1995 | 7542725 |
| isolation and enzymic properties of levansucrase secreted by acetobacter diazotrophicus srt4, a bacterium associated with sugar cane. | acetobacter diazotrophicus, a nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with sugar cane, secretes a levansucrase (sucrose-2,6-beta-d-fructan 6-beta-d-fructosyltransferase; ec 2.4.1.10). this enzyme is constitutively expressed and represents more than 70% of the total proteins secreted by strain srt4. the purified protein consists of a single 58 kda polypeptide with an isoelectric point of 5.5. its activity is optimal at ph 5.0. it catalyses transfructosylation from sucrose to a variety of acceptors i ... | 1995 | 7619044 |
| screening method for cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors with herbicidal activity. | a new screening method for inhibitors of cellulose biosynthesis is described. this method utilized three microbial strains; a cellulose-containing fungus phytophthora, and a cellulose non-containing fungus candida, and a bacterial strain of acetobacter, a cellulose-producing acetic acid bacterium. the primary screen examined microbial cultures for selective growth inhibition against phytophthora with no inhibition against candida. the secondary screen tested for herbicidal activity. thirdly, the ... | 1995 | 7649874 |
| identification of a second cellulose synthase gene (acsaii) in acetobacter xylinum. | a second cellulose synthase gene (acsaii) coding for a 175-kda polypeptide that is similar in size and sequence to the acsab gene product has been identified in acetobacter xylinum ay201. evidence for the presence of this gene was obtained during analysis of a. xylinum mutants in which the acsab gene was disrupted (i.m. saxena, k. kudlicka, k. okuda, and r.m. brown, jr., j. bacteriol. 176:5735-5752, 1994). although these mutants produced no detectable cellulose, they exhibited significant cellul ... | 1995 | 7665515 |
| phylogenetic position of gluconobacter species as a coherent cluster separated from all acetobacter species on the basis of 16s ribosomal rna sequences. | the 16s rrna sequences from the gluconobacter species g. asaii, g. cerinus and g. frateurii were determined and compared with homologous sequences from published databases and sequences of g. oxydans and acetobacter species previously described [sievers, m., ludwig, w. and teuber, m. (1994) system. appl. microbiol. 17, 189-196]. the gluconobacter species have unique 16s rrna sequences and exhibit sequence similarity values of 97.4 to 99.1%, corresponding to 36 to 14 base differences. the phyloge ... | 1995 | 7705603 |
| physicochemical characterization of an acetan variant secreted by acetobacter xylinum strain cr1/4. | chemical mutagenesis has been used to produce mutants of acetobacter xylinum nrrl b42 that are cellulose-negative and that produce variants of the acetan structure deficient in the side-chain sugar residues. the product of a. xylinum strain cr1/4 has been shown to possess a tetrasaccharide repeat unit with the side chain terminating in glucuronic acid. x-ray diffraction studies of oriented fibres suggest that the polysaccharide cr1/4 forms a fivefold helix with a pitch of 4.8 nm. light-scatterin ... | 1994 | 7727347 |
| metabolism of homocetogens. | homoacetogenic bacteria are strictly anaerobic microorganisms that catalyze the formation of acetate from c1 units in their energy metabolism. most of these organisms are able to grow at the expense of hydrogen plus co2 as the sole energy source. hydrogen then serves as the electron donor for co2 reduction to acetate. the methyl group of acetate is formed from co2 via formate and reduced c1 intermediates bound to tetrahydrofolate. the carboxyl group is derived from carbon monoxide, which is synt ... | 1994 | 7747932 |
| the host range of rk2 minimal replicon copy-up mutants is limited by species-specific differences in the maximum tolerable copy number. | the minimal replicon of the broad-host-range plasmid rk2 consists of a gene, trfa (trans-acting replication), encoding a protein required for initiation of plasmid replication. the trfa protein binds to iterons in the cis-acting origin of vegetative replication (oriv), but the exact mechanism by which trfa-mediated replication initiation takes place is not known. we report here the isolation and characterization of five mini rk2 trfa mutant plasmids with an elevated plasmid copy number, four in ... | 1995 | 7753906 |
| cloning and expression of the gene encoding alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase from acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum in brewer's yeast. | acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum genomic library was constructed using cosmid pjb8 in escherichia coli. the gene encoding alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase (aldc) was isolated from the library by direct measurement of aldc activity. the aldc gene was expressed by its own promoter in e. coli. the nucleotide sequence was determined, and an open reading frame which may encode a protein composed of 304 amino acids with a molecular weight of 33,747 was found. a brewer's yeast was transformed with the ye ... | 1994 | 7764563 |
| construction of a brewer's yeast having alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase gene from acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum integrated in the genome. | alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase (aldc) gene from acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum has several possible initiation codons in the n-terminus. to determine the initiation codon of the aldc giving the highest expression levels, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) promoter was linked just upstream of each possible initiation codon. the aldc whose translation starts 130 bp downstream from the first atg codon had the highest activity in yeast cells. when expression levels of the aldc gene wer ... | 1994 | 7764564 |
| a host-vector system for a cellulose-producing acetobacter strain. | an indigenous plasmid, named pah4, was detected in a cellulose-producing acetobacter strain. this plasmid, consisting of 4002 bp, contained an at-rich region and encoded several open reading frames, as deduced by the complete nucleotide sequence. one of the putative open reading frames showed homology with replication proteins of other plasmids. a shuttle vector of escherichia coli and this strain was constructed by connecting pah4 to puc18. electroporation of the shuttle vector into the strain ... | 1994 | 7765516 |
| the structure of the quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase of acetobacter aceti modelled on that of methanol dehydrogenase from methylobacterium extorquens. | the 1.94 a structure of methanol dehydrogenase has been used to provide a model structure for part of a membrane quinohaemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase. the basic superbarrel structure and the active-site region are retained, indicating essentially similar mechanisms of action, but there are considerable differences in the external loops, particularly those involved in formation of the shallow funnel leading to the active site. | 1995 | 7772016 |
| molecular cloning of the isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase genes from pseudomonas diminuta 7, structural analysis of iora and iorb, and sequence comparisons with other molybdenum-containing hydroxylases. | the iora and iorb genes from the isoquinoline-degrading bacterium pseudomonas diminuta 7, encoding the heterodimeric molybdo-iron-sulfur-protein isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase, were cloned and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequences iora and iorb showed homologies (i) to the small (gamma) and large (alpha) subunits of complex molybdenum-containing hydroxylases (alpha beta gamma/alpha 2 beta 2 gamma 2) possessing a pterin molybdenum cofactor with a monooxo-monosulfido-type molybdenum center, ( ... | 1995 | 7782304 |