| molecular biology of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. | five viruses are the major causes of hepatitis. these viruses are totally unrelated to each other in structure and mode of replication despite the similarity in the acute syndrome produced by each virus. hav is a single-stranded rna virus that has a very stable capsid and whose proteins are derived from a single polyprotein. hbv is a dna virus that replicates through an rna intermediate. hcv is a labile single-stranded rna virus whose proteins are derived from a polyprotein. hdv is a defective r ... | 1993 | 8275664 |
| hepatitis e virus and posttransfusion hepatitis. | | 1994 | 8277192 |
| elisa for antibody to hepatitis e virus (hev) based on complete open-reading frame-2 protein expressed in insect cells: identification of hev infection in primates. | a recombinant baculovirus containing the complete open-reading frame (orf)-2 region of the hepatitis e virus (hev) genome was constructed. the major protein synthesized in insect cells infected with recombinant virus was about the size expected for the complete orf-2 product. this protein reacted in a western blot assay with plasma from an hev-infected chimpanzee. lysates of the recombinant virus-infected insect cells were used in elisa to monitor seroconversion of eight primate species (chimpan ... | 1993 | 8335973 |
| a case of acute hepatitis e in victoria. | to report a case of acute hepatitis e in victoria, confirmed by laboratory investigations. | 1993 | 8336587 |
| the sequence of hepatitis e virus isolated directly from a single source during an outbreak in china. | in this study an igm antibody-mediated antigen-capture procedure for direct extraction of hepatitis e virus (hev) rna from clinical specimens was developed and used with an efficient method for generating viral cdna that was subsequently sequenced using the dideoxy chain termination method. this is the first time the complete hev genome has been isolated directly from a single human clinical specimen obtained during an outbreak of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. when the chinese- ... | 1993 | 8346669 |
| experimental hepatitis e: pathogenesis in cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis). | the pathogenesis of experimental hepatitis e has not been thoroughly investigated. the purpose of this study was to more accurately document the events in this disease. cynomolgus macaques were inoculated intravenously with bile or feces containing hepatitis e virus (hev). serum, bile, and liver specimens were evaluated with light microscopy, immune electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy, eia, and polymerase chain reaction. in the third week, there were histopathologic changes and he ... | 1993 | 8354901 |
| serological studies of an enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in somalia. | an outbreak of an acute sporadic viral hepatitis occurring at three villages in the lower shebli region of southern somalia was studied. sera were examined for antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev) antigen by a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the prevalence of anti-hev ranged from 77.8% to 94.0% among the three villages. anti-hev prevalence did not differ significantly with age or sex. hev infections were widely distributed among all age groups, without a preponderance in a ... | 1993 | 8355020 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus in raw and treated wastewater with the polymerase chain reaction. | the main objective of this study was to determine the applicability of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detection of hepatitis e virus (hev) in sewage treatment plants and establishment of the prevalence of hepatitis viral diseases in a population. epidemics of hev infection because of inadequate public sanitation have been reported in several developing countries. a procedure for concentration of hev in sewage samples through adsorption to membrane filters, elution with urea-arginine phos ... | 1993 | 8368844 |
| expression and diagnostic utility of hepatitis e virus putative structural proteins expressed in insect cells. | the full-length putative structural proteins encoded by open reading frame 2 (orf2) and orf3 of hepatitis e virus have been cloned and expressed in recombinant baculovirus. sera obtained from 28 sudanese pediatric patients with acute hepatitis and 19 pediatric control patients were analyzed for reactivity to hepatitis e virus by using the baculovirus-expressed orf2 and orf3 proteins in a western blot (immunoblot) format. seventeen of the 18 patients classified as having non-a, non-b hepatitis, w ... | 1993 | 8370746 |
| hepatitis viruses and protection against infection in children. | molecular biology techniques are now a vital part of hepatitis virology, with a central role in studies of diagnosis, epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and natural history of infection. cloning of the genome of hepatitis e virus has allowed its tentative classification as a calici- or related virus, and is the first step toward the development of a vaccine. long-term implications of hepatitis c for groups such as children with hemophilia, thalassemia, and even leukemia can be better understo ... | 1993 | 8374624 |
| fulminant or subfulminant non-a, non-b viral hepatitis: the role of hepatitis c and e viruses. | although non-a, non-b (nanb) viral hepatitis has been implicated as an etiology of fulminant hepatitis, hepatitis c virus (hcv) has not been shown to result in acute hepatic failure and hepatitis e virus (hev) has predominantly been associated with fulminant hepatitis among pregnant women. | 1993 | 8381099 |
| hepatitis c virus antibodies in acute and chronic liver disease in india. | the prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis c virus was assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with epidemic non-a, non-b hepatitis (14), sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis (42), chronic hepatitis (14) and cirrhosis (26). none of the patients with epidemic non-a, non-b hepatitis (14) and acute self-limiting sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis without prior parenteral exposure (38) tested positive for hepatitis c virus antibody. based on epidemiologic features, hepatitis e viru ... | 1993 | 8383158 |
| protection of turkeys against haemorrhagic enteritis by monoclonal antibody and hexon immunization. | virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies specific for the hexon of haemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev), a turkey adenovirus, were examined for their ability to confer passive protection against haemorrhagic enteritis (he) in turkeys. a high dose of antibody prevented clinical disease and reduced virus replication in experimentally infected birds. this suggests that virus neutralization might be an important mechanism for protection against he. subsequently, the use of the hexon protein as a subun ... | 1993 | 8383383 |
| use of virulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus for the induction of colibacillosis in turkeys. | three hundred fifty 1-day-old large white turkeys were reared in brooding batteries to 10 days of age, after which they were moved to floor pens on litter. at 7 weeks of age, poults were allotted into four treatment groups as follows: 1) virulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) alone (100 turkeys), 2) escherichia coli alone (100 turkeys), 3) hev + e. coli (100 turkeys), and 4) negative controls (50 turkeys). hev was given orally at 7 weeks of age, followed by e. coli challenge in the drinking ... | 1993 | 8383956 |
| the discovery of the hepatitis viruses. | | 1993 | 8385046 |
| acute sporadic hepatitis e in an egyptian pediatric population. | a study was conducted to determine the etiology of acute hepatitis among 261 children (age range 1-11 years) living in cairo, egypt. a blood sample was obtained from each subject when initially evaluated and a questionnaire was used to collect demographic and risk factor data. sera were tested by enzyme immunoassay for acute hepatitis a (anti-hepatitis a virus igm), hepatitis b (anti-hepatitis b core antigen igm and hepatitis b surface antigen [hbsag]), hepatitis c (total anti-hcv), delta hepati ... | 1993 | 8385885 |
| hepatitis e and hepatitis c virus infections among french soldiers with non-a, non-b hepatitis. | serologic markers of hcv and hev were investigated in 74 french soldiers with non-a, non-b hepatitis and in 18 patients involved in an outbreak of non-a,non-b hepatitis in algeria. moreover, anti-hcv antibodies were detected in 13 patients with non-a,non-b hepatitis of parenteral origin. hev antibodies were investigated in 61-65% of patients involved in the 2 enterically transmitted outbreaks of non-a,non-b hepatitis observed in algeria and chad. the third cluster of non-a,non-b hepatitis observ ... | 1993 | 8387572 |
| [hepatitis viruses and pregnancy]. | infections with hepatitis virus a, b, c, d or e can also be observed during pregnancy. furthermore, pregnant carriers of hepatitis b virus, occurring at various frequencies in different populations, represent an important source of infection. the course and the outcome of hepatitis a, b, c and d do not seem to be significantly affected by pregnancy. a fulminant hepatitis e, however, which is observed only rarely in europe, can be induced by pregnancy and labor. fetal malformations have not been ... | 1993 | 8392489 |
| development of high endothelial venule-like characteristics in the spiral modiolar vein induced by viral labyrinthitis. | the postcapillary venule is known to be the preferred site of lymphocyte migration into the extravascular compartment. in this study, induction of these high endothelial venule (hev)-like vessels has been investigated by inoculation of live cytomegalovirus or inactivated virus into scala tympani of guinea pig cochleas. endothelial cells of the spiral modiolar vein (smv) were evaluated histologically 2 to 6 days following inoculation. the experimental group endothelial cells had larger nuclei and ... | 1993 | 8395627 |
| evaluation of the interaction of eimeria meleagrimitis with hemorrhagic enteritis virus or marble spleen disease virus in turkeys. | the interaction of eimeria meleagrimitis with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) or marble spleen disease virus (msdv) was studied in 4-week-old female turkeys. birds given either virus in combination with the coccidia showed greater weight gain than did birds given hev alone. a combination of msdv and e. meleagrimitis resulted in significantly lower oocyst production when oocysts were counted from individual birds. levels of serum glucose, serum albumin, and total protein were reduced in birds g ... | 1993 | 8395795 |
| protection against hemorrhagic enteritis and newcastle disease in turkeys by embryo vaccination with monovalent and bivalent vaccines. | the feasibility of embryo vaccination against hemorrhagic enteritis (he) and newcastle disease (nd) in specific-pathogen-free turkey embryos was studied. turkey eggs were injected with marble spleen disease virus (msdv) at embryonation day (ed) 24, and tissues of poults hatching from virus-injected eggs were examined for msdv. the virus was detected in spleen, intestine, liver, and bursa between 4 to 10 days postinoculation (pi). the peak titer of msdv was present in the spleen at 6 days pi. pou ... | 1993 | 8395802 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in pregnancy in ethiopia. | thirty-two pregnant and 34 nonpregnant ethiopian women between 15 and 45 years of age with sporadic acute viral hepatitis were studied consecutively. demographic data including family size, monthly income and nutritional status as well as hepatitis virus markers were compared in the pregnant and nonpregnant groups. only 3 nonpregnant women had hepatitis a infection. hepatitis b infection was diagnosed in 4 pregnant and 9 nonpregnant women. nineteen (59%) pregnant women had hepatitis e virus (hev ... | 1993 | 8404882 |
| hepatitis e among u.s. travelers, 1989-1992. | outbreaks of hepatitis e (i.e., enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis) have occurred in some parts of the world and have generally been related to contaminated water supplies. until recently, when research-based serologic tests (1,2) were developed to test for antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev), no serologic test was available to identify hev infection, and diagnosis depended on a history of exposure in an appropriate epidemiologic setting and the exclusion of other causes of vira ... | 1993 | 8418395 |
| localization of a new enteric non-a, non-b [hev] virus in target organ liver. | thirteen macaca mulatta monkeys were used for transmission of enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis virus (hev) by the portal vein (pv) route. all these animals developed changes which are found in self-limiting acute viral hepatitis e.g. rise in liver enzymes, the presence of hev specific viral particles in the stool and histological changes in the liver from 21 to 45 days after hev inoculation. all the animals recovered completely as reflected by normalization of liver enzymes, and regenerative chang ... | 1993 | 8440423 |
| [hepatitis c; a new virus for an old disease]. | | 1993 | 8446216 |
| [cloning and sequencing of cdna of the hepatitis e virus genome--application to diagnosis]. | hepatitis e is endemic, often provoking epidemics in many developing countries. the hepatitis e virus has been molecularly cloned and sequenced and has a single-stranded, positive-sense rna genome, 7,194 nucleotides, followed by a poly(a) tail. there are three open reading frames. the non-structural gene, approximately 5 kb, is located at the 5' end, while the structural gene, approximately 2 kb, is located at the 3' end of the genome. there is low level nucleotide variation among hepatitis e vi ... | 1993 | 8464151 |
| sequence and gene structure of the hepatitis e virus isolated from myanmar. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a causative agent of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. hepatitis e occurs not only in sporadic forms but also in epidemic outbreaks in the developing world. we have revealed the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of full cdna of hev isolated from sporadic hepatitis e of myanmar. the genome is 7194 nucleotides long, followed by a poly(a) tail, and has three open reading frames. the nonstructural gene is located in the 5' terminus, while the stru ... | 1993 | 8470371 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in pregnant rhesus monkeys. | ten non-pregnant female monkeys and four pregnant monkeys (all macaca mulatta) in the last third of their gestation period were infected intravenously with the stool sample of a patient with hepatitis e virus infection (immuno-electronmicroscopy positive for hepatitis e virus). four more non-pregnant monkeys were inoculated with a lower dose (less number of virus particles by iem) of a stool sample collected on a different day from the same patient. the average incubation period as evidenced by ... | 1993 | 8486409 |
| hepatitis e. | | 1993 | 8491455 |
| variation in course of hepatitis e in experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. | five cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) developed hepatitis after inoculation with a prototype strain of hepatitis e virus (hev) from pakistan. although all 5 monkeys displayed liver enzyme elevations, viremia, virus secretion in feces, and seroconversion, two different patterns of these parameters were observed. for 4 monkeys, increased alanine aminotransferase (alt) activity was first observed on days 21-26, viremia occurred before and during enzyme elevation, and the animals seroconvert ... | 1993 | 8501318 |
| prevention of acute and chronic liver disease through immunization: hepatitis b and beyond. | liver disease caused by hepatotrophic viruses imposes a substantial burden on health care resources. persistent infections from hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus, and hepatitis delta virus result in chronic liver disease, while hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus produce a self-limited disease. effective hepatitis b vaccines that provide long-term protection against chronic hbv infection have been available for > 10 years, while inactivated hepatitis a vaccines have recently been sh ... | 1993 | 8515136 |
| expression in animal cells and characterization of the hepatitis e virus structural proteins. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major human pathogen in much of the developing world. it is a positive-strand rna virus with a 7.5-kb polyadenylated genome consisting of three open reading frames (orfs). in the absence of an in vitro culture system, the replication and expression strategy of hev and the nature of its encoded polypeptides are not well understood. we have expressed the two orfs constituting the structural portion of the hev genome in cos-1 cells by using simian virus 40-based express ... | 1996 | 8523527 |
| pathogenesis of type ii avian adenovirus infection in turkeys: in vivo immune cell tropism and tissue distribution of the virus. | hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev), a type ii avian adenovirus, causes intestinal hemorrhages and immunosuppression in turkeys. in this study, we exposed turkeys to virulent hev and examined fractionated spleen cells for the presence of viral dna by in situ hybridization and amplification of dna extracted from virus-infected cells by pcr. hev replication was detected only in the immunoglobulin m-bearing b lymphocytes and macrophage-like cells but not in the cd4+ or cd8+ t lymphocytes. the inabili ... | 1996 | 8523540 |
| acute sporadic hepatitis e virus infection in southern china. | the hepatitis e virus is responsible for epidemic and sporadic hepatitis in northwestern china, but its role as a cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in southern china has not been reported. | 1995 | 8550986 |
| [the screening of hepatitis virus and its efficacy]. | 1. infection of hepatitis a virus (hav) was prevented with hepatitis a vaccine. high risk groups of hav infection should be inoculated this vaccine because japanese peoples less than 40 years old didn't have immunity for hav. 2. infection of hepatitis e virus (hev) was scarcely observed in japan. 3. infection of hepatitis b virus (hbv) by blood transfusion was eradicated after the screening with anti-hbc antibody for blood donors. and maternal transmissions of hbv and infections of hbv in hospit ... | 1995 | 8551671 |
| in vitro propagation and production of hepatitis e virus from in vivo-infected primary macaque hepatocytes. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for sporadic cases as well as large epidemics of acute viral hepatitis in many developing countries. the nucleotide sequence of hev appears to be unique among known viruses and thus may represent a prototype human pathogen in a novel class of single-stranded, positive-sense rna viruses. to facilitate further studies of the biology of hev, a tissue culture system using a serum-free medium formulation has been developed to propagate the virus in vitro. hepato ... | 1996 | 8553579 |
| cross-reactive immunity against different strains of the hepatitis e virus transferable by simian and human sera. | monkey infection with the hepatitis e virus induces protection. we confirm the humoral nature of this immunity and show that protection is effective against the homologous strain, as well as against heterologous strains isolated from asian and african countries. however this immunity is incomplete since only the clinical disease seems to be prevented, while the virus is still excreted in stools and can even appear in blood as well after serotherapy as previous acute or occult infections. we obta ... | 1995 | 8556452 |
| [prospective study of the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis after the exclusion of donors positive for anti-hcv elisa 2]. | the incidence of post transfusional hepatitis (pth) after the exclusion of anti-hcv elisa 2 positive donors is not well known. the aim of this study was to determine the incidence and type of pth in 113 post transfused patients. | 1995 | 8558961 |
| an indian strain of hepatitis e virus (hev): cloning, sequence, and expression of structural region and antibody responses in sera from individuals from an area of high-level hev endemicity. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for a majority of sporadic and epidemic viral hepatitides in india and other developing countries. even though the genomes of four geographically distinct strains of hev have been cloned and sequenced, the indian strain of hev remains largely uncharacterized. we have cloned and sequenced about 2.2 kb of the hev genome constituting the structural region from an indian strain of hev. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences show a high degree of conservation w ... | 1995 | 8567900 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in acute hepatitis in spain. | in order to study the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in developed countries, igg and igm anti-hev were determined in serum samples from 382 patients with acute viral hepatitis (244 hepatitis a, 48 hepatitis b and/or d, and 90 non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis), 76 healthy subjects, 55 hemophiliacs and 50 patients on hemodialysis. igg anti-hev antibodies were detected and confirmed by a synthetic peptide-based eia in 5 (5.6%) non-a, non-b, non-c acute hepatitis, in 3 (6.5%) b and d a ... | 1995 | 8576308 |
| synthesis and application of hepatitis e virus peptides to diagnosis. | based on computer analysis of hydrophobicity and prediction of secondary structures for the full-length putative proteins encoded by open reading frame-1 (orf-1), orf-2 and orf-3 of hepatitis e virus (hev), we selected antigenic regions with hydrophilicity, beta-turn, and beta-sheet, and synthesized 7 peptides of possible epitope-containing regions of the polypeptide encoded by all 3 orfs of hev genomic rna by merrifield's method of solid-phase synthesis. the synthetic peptides were screened and ... | 1995 | 8576309 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus among healthy individuals in southern taiwan. | the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) among 997 healthy individuals aged 6 to 84 years, collected between july 1993 and june 1994 at kaohsiung-pingtung area in southern taiwan was studied. of the study populations of vegetable farmers, elementary school children, volunteer blood donors and college students, the prevalence of igg anti-hev ranged from 6.4% to 8.8%. in suburban elemantary school children of mang-chou village at pingtung-hsien, the seroprevalence rate (9.6%) was significantl ... | 1995 | 8577289 |
| immunology of viral hepatitis. | so far, five major forms of viral hepatitis, hepatitis a, b, c, d, and e, have been identified. there appears to be at least one other form of enterically transmitted and one other parenterally transmitted hepatotropic virus, but characterization of these viruses is still preliminary. the five hepatotropic viruses have unique structures, yet all the share the property of inducing hepatocellular damage, whether through direct cytotoxicity or through induction of immune mechanisms that lead to hep ... | 1996 | 8579095 |
| purification of a baculovirus-expressed hepatitis e virus structural protein and utility in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | we report on the purification of the full-length structural protein encoded by open reading frame 2 (orf-2) of hepatitis e virus. the orf-2 protein, expressed in sf9 cells by using a recombinant baculovirus vector system, was successfully purified to homogeneity. gel electrophoresis of the purified orf-2 protein showed a single polypeptide of 75 kda by coomassie blue staining and by western blot (immunoblot) analysis. we demonstrated that the partially purified orf-2 protein could be used succes ... | 1995 | 8586723 |
| characterization of the haemorrhagic enteritis virus genome and the sequence of the putative penton base and core protein genes. | haemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) is a member of a genetically ill-defined group within the genus aviadenovirus which causes significant clinical disease in gallinaceous fowl. using dna obtained from a low virulence isolate of hev passed in turkeys, we developed a genomic restriction map and estimated an apparent genomic length of 25.5 kb. no evidence for extensive dna hybridization was found between the hev genome and either the hexon or penton base genes of human adenovirus 2 (hadv-2) and fow ... | 1996 | 8601784 |
| low prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in hepatitis c virus-positive patients with coagulation disorders. | | 1995 | 8604499 |
| hepatitis e virus: no evidence of parenteral transmission in finland. | | 1995 | 8607132 |
| a simple device for the concentration and detection of enterovirus, hepatitis e virus and rotavirus from water samples by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | a simultaneous concentration of enteroviruses, hepatitis e virus, and rotavirus from drinking water samples through a filtration column filled with granular activated carbon (gac) was achieved. urea-arginine phosphate buffer (uapb) as an eluent at ph 9.0 was used for effective desorption and elution of viruses from gac. further concentration of viruses with magnesium chloride enabled nucleic acid extraction, cdna synthesis, amplification with a specific set of primers for enterovirus, hepatitis ... | 1995 | 8609205 |
| short report: polymerase chain reaction detection of hepatitis e virus in north african fecal samples. | epidemics of enterically-transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis were described in 1983-1984 involving french soldiers in chad and in 1979-1980 in residents of algeria. hepatitis e virus (hev) was subsequently implicated by serology. in this study, the presence of hev in patient stool specimens from both outbreaks and from sporadic cases in residents of chad (1994) was documented. this virus was detected in fecal suspensions by antibody capture of the virus and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain ... | 1996 | 8619435 |
| anti-l-selectin monoclonal antibody treatment in mice enhances tumor growth by preventing ctl sensitization in peripheral lymph nodes draining the tumor area. | to examine the in vivo contribution of l-selectin in the sensitization of tumor-specific ctl, we investigated the effects of treatment with the anti-l-selectin monoclonal antibody (mab) mel-14 on the immune response to moloney-murine sarcoma virus (m-msv)-induced tumors, which exhibit spontaneous regression following generation of a strong virus-specific ctl response. daily systemic administration of mel-14 for 10 days to m-msv-injected mice gave rise to larger sarcomas that persisted for a long ... | 1996 | 8631602 |
| hepatitis e virus (87a strain) propagated in a549 cells. | a strain of hepatitis e virus (hev), the 87a strain isolated in 2bs cells from the feces of a patient with hepatitis e, has been reported previously. in this study, the 87a strain was propagated in a549 cells, and the marked cytopathic effect (cpe) appeared in the infected monolayer cells. the size of this virus is about 30 nm in diameter. furthermore, hev-rna from the supernatants of the virus of different passages was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification using et1.1 hev pr ... | 1995 | 8636694 |
| existing variations on the gene structure of hepatitis e virus strains from some regions of china. | the isolation and identification of the 87a strain of hepatitis e virus (hev) by means of cell culture have been described previously. this paper reports the nucleotide sequence of a portion of this hev strain. the rna extracted from the supernatants of the different passages of the 87a strain cultured in the a549 cell line was reverse-transcribed (rt) to cdna, and then the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification was carried out using the primers of hev et1.1 region. the pcr products from ... | 1995 | 8636695 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis e virus in the egyptian nile delta. | the seroendemicity of hepatitis e virus (hev) in an entire village population located in the egyptain nile delta is described. serum specimens were obtained from 68% of the total population of 1,850 villagers. the lack of serum specimen was greatest in the youngest age group (< 5). commercially available enzyme immunoassays (eia) for antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav), to hepatitis b virus core antigen (anti-hbc), to second-generation hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) core and nonstructural ant ... | 1995 | 8636709 |
| [new hepatitis viruses "e, gb, etc."]. | some cases of hepatitis were non a, non b, non c, non d. hepatitis e virus (calicivirus) transmission is fecal-oral similar to that of the hepatitis a virus. viral hepatitis e is endemic and frequently epidemic in many developing countries, but exceptionally observed in france. a high mortality rate was observed in pregnant women. recently, elisa assays for igm anti-hcv are available. many hepatitis cases (acute and chronic) are not caused by known viruses (non a-non e). four flavivirus like hav ... | 1996 | 8640310 |
| low prevalence of hepatitis e virus in type ii mixed cryoglobulinemia. | | 1995 | 8647527 |
| seroepidemiological study of hepatitis e virus in different population groups. | in order to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus, 1,993 sera (453 from healthy pregnant women, 491 from moroccan subjects, 492 from blood donors, 321 from children, and 236 from intravenous drug users) were studied. igg was measured by enzyme immunoassay (eia), and positive results were confirmed by western blot. the eia detected antibodies in 3.96% of the subjects (5.6% of the moroccans and drug users and 1.8% of the children). fifty-four percent of these results were confirmed by ... | 1995 | 8654445 |
| late-onset hepatic failure: clinical features, serology and outcome following transplantation. | a further series of 41 adult patients with late-onset hepatic failure was investigates with respect to aetiological factors, particularly hepatitis c and e, which have been identified since our earlier report of this condition. the increased use of transplantation and its impact on survival overall is assessed. comparison is made with 64 patients admitted over the same period with fulminant hepatic failure of non-a, non-b aetiology. screening for the hepatitis viruses revealed three cases of hep ... | 1995 | 8655952 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in haemodialysis patients. the multicentre haemodialysis cohort study on viral hepatitis. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection among patients undergoing haemodialysis (hd) and to evaluate whether chronic haemodialysis is associated with an increased risk of hev infection. | 1996 | 8671974 |
| fulminant hepatitis in a tropical population: clinical course, cause, and early predictors of outcome. | the profiles of patients with fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) from developing countries have not been reported earlier. the current study was conducted prospectively, at a single tertiary care center in india, to document the demographic and clinical characteristics, natural course, and causative profile of patients with fhf as well as to define simple prognostic markers in these patients. four hundred twenty-three consecutive patients with fhf admitted from january 1987 to june 1993 were includ ... | 1996 | 8675163 |
| hepatitis e antibodies and hiv status. | | 1996 | 8676670 |
| hepatitis e in ireland. | | 1995 | 8681992 |
| anti-hepatitis e virus markers in hemodialysis patients. | | 1996 | 8684563 |
| hepatitis e virus infections in patients with acute hepatitis non-a-d in sweden. | a total of 12 patients previously treated for acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology were retrospectively found to be anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg-positive. four patients were anti-hev igm- and igg-positive consistent with an acute hev infection. all 4 had travelled to or were immigrants from hev-endemic countries. one anti-hev igm-negative patient seroconverted from anti-hev igg-negative to positive and 3 from anti-hev igg-positive to negative in 2 consecutive serum samples. of the remaining ... | 1995 | 8685630 |
| high seroprevalence of hepatitis a, b, c, and e viruses in residents in an egyptian village in the nile delta: a pilot study. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is hyperendemic in egypt, with seroprevalence rates of 10-20% among volunteer blood donors, and even higher rates reported among segments of the general population. we attempted to confirm the high seroprevalence of hcv and to compare it with the age-specific seroprevalence rates for hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis e among 155 nonrandomly selected residents of a semiurban village in the nile river delta. of the two orally transmitted viruses (hav and hev ... | 1996 | 8686770 |
| a waterborne outbreak of hepatitis e virus transmission in southwestern vietnam. | a hepatitis outbreak affecting primarily adults occurred in southwestern vietnam, along the hau river bordering cambodia, in june and july 1994. one month after the outbreak, sera and epidemiologic information were collected from 150 subjects: 50 patient cases, 50 matched, healthy community controls, and 50 geographic controls living 50 km upriver. the prevalence of immunoglobulin g (igg) to hepatitis e virus (hev) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher (76%) among cases than among the matched (38 ... | 1996 | 8686771 |
| a comparative study of detection of hepatitis e virus rna by rt-pcr and digoxin probe techniques. | techniques for detecting hepatitis e virus nucleic acid by rt-pcr and digoxin probe spot hybridization tests were developed. the examination by rt-pcr test of 250 stored stool specimens from patients with acute hepatitis e gave a positive rate of 40.9% and was positive in one stool specimen collected 28 days after the patient had contracted the illness. serologic examination yielded a positive rate of 66.7%, and also utilizing the dig probe labelled with pcr product it was 66.6%. rt-pcr with the ... | 1996 | 8699097 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a, b, c, and e viruses in a healthy population in leon, nicaragua. | a cross-sectional survey of the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), and e (hev) antibodies in a healthy population in leon, nicaragua was conducted and associated with demographic data. the overall prevalence of antibodies to hav was 94.6%, to hbv 6.5% and to hev between 4.6% and 8.0%, whereas none of 399 tested subjects showed confirmed seropositivity to hcv. a high hav seropositivity rate (72.7%) was observed even in the lowest age groups tested (2-4 years of age). in ... | 1996 | 8702016 |
| hepatitis e: an overview. | hepatitis e has a worldwide distribution and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in some developing countries, particularly among pregnant women. hepatitis e virus (hev) has recently been cloned and sequenced and new diagnostic tests have been developed; these tests have been used to begin to characterize the natural history and epidemiologic features of hev infection. experimental vaccines have also been developed that offer the potential to prevent hepatitis e. however, to develop effec ... | 1996 | 8712780 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in peru. | | 1996 | 8729219 |
| [viral hepatitis a with prolonged course in adults]. | the aim of this study was to determine the clinical and virological characteristics of patients with type a viral hepatitis and a protracted course. | 1996 | 8734311 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus rna in stools and serum by reverse transcription-pcr. | stools and sera collected during an experimental hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in monkeys and collected from humans with acute hev infections during epidemic and sporadic cases were analyzed by reverse transcription-pcr. two methods for rna purification were compared. proteinase k digestion and phenolchloroform extraction were more efficient than guanidinium isothiocyanate extraction in improving the sensitivity and specificity for the detection of hev genomes. | 1996 | 8735122 |
| [hepatitis e]. | | 1995 | 8749401 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in a cohort of patients with acute non-a, non-b hepatitis. | the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hepatitis e virus infection in a cohort of patients with acute non-a, non-b hepatitis in greece. | 1995 | 8750165 |
| viral hepatitis. | the list of hepatitis viruses is increasing over the years. now the viruses range from a to g. hepatitis a virus is a short incubation rna virus which is transmitted oro-faecally. it does not cause chronic illness but may be fatal in a few cases especially in pregnancy. it can now be prevented by vaccination. hepatitis b virus is a long incubation dna virus which is transmitted mainly through blood and blood products. it causes chronic illness and can lead to liver cancer in some cases. it can b ... | 1996 | 8756033 |
| the region between the m and s genes of porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus is highly similar to human coronavirus oc43. | the nucleotide sequences of the regions between the membrane and spike protein genes of three strains of porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) were determined. a total of 739 (hev strain 67n) and 751 (strains nt9 and vw572) nucleotides were sequenced. two orfs, potentially encoding proteins of 12.8 and 9.6 kda, were identified. pairwise comparisons with the corresponding orfs in bovine coronavirus (bcv) and human coronavirus (hcv) oc43 revealed sequence similarities of greater ... | 1996 | 8757985 |
| [serological diagnosis of viral hepatitis e]. | | 1996 | 8758454 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in thailand. | hepatitis e, also known as epidemic, non-a, non-b hepatitis, is an acute, enteric, infectious disease. the disease is usually mild, except in pregnant women, who suffer a high fatality rate from fulminant hepatic failure. information on the disease in thailand is limited. the prevalence of antibodies to the aetiological agent, hepatitis e virus (hev), was therefore studied, in various groups of subjects from several regions of this country, using commercial elisa for anti-hev igg and igm. the pr ... | 1996 | 8762409 |
| enterically transmitted hepatitis in saudi arabia: an epidemiological study. | rates of exposure to two, enterically transmitted viruses, hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav), were investigated among the populations of two areas of saudi arabia: gizan (a rural area) and riyadh (an urban area, with relatively good sanitation). in riyadh, 24.7% and 1.2% of children were seropositive for hav and hev, respectively, by the age of 12 years. there was a sharp increase in exposure to hav between 13 and 20 years of age (to 63.5%) and most (80.0%) of the subjects aged ... | 1996 | 8762410 |
| [hepatitis e in the netherlands, 1992-1996]. | | 1996 | 8765939 |
| [chronic viral hepatitis: diagnosis and treatment]. | hbv and hcv cause most of chronic hepatitis; the hdv is a co-infectious virus and it rend the help of hbv to duplicate; hav and hev do not induce chronic hepatitis. etiology is not the same, without apparent reasons, in all the world and the distinction between persistent chronic hepatitis and active idiopathic chronic hepatitis is meaningless, because one can shift in the other. diagnosis is possible using serologic tests and by determination of the dna of the hbv and rna of the hcv. interferon ... | 1996 | 8767973 |
| positive-ion electrospray-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra of polypeptides and proteins. | we have determined the mass spectra of three polypeptides which have been designed as an effective reagent to be used in the diagnosis of a chinese strain of hepatitis e virus (hev). the spectra were determined by electrospray ionization-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. these are peptide 30, peptide 33 and peptide 42, where the guanidine amino group of arginine in each polypeptide was protected. the molecular weights were respectively measured as 3575, 4094 and 5390 d ... | 1996 | 8777322 |
| hepatitis e virus: molecular biology and diagnosis. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is a cause of severe liver disease in humans, especially in developing countries. several assays are available to detect the hev genome and specific antibodies against hev (anti-igg, iga and igm). different serological patterns enable the diagnostician to differentiate remote from recent infections. in order to avoid diagnostic errors based on incomplete serological diagnosis, these patterns are shown with their specific serological marker. | 1996 | 8781896 |
| antibodies against hepatitis e virus in old world monkeys. | to examine whether indian monkeys are infected with hepatitis e virus (hev) in nature, serum samples from wild rhesus (macaca mullata), bonnet (m. radiata) and langur (presbytes entellus) monkeys were screened for anti-hev igg antibodies in recombinant antigen-based elisa assays. the positivity rates were 36.7%, 19.1% and 2% respectively. the protection of such antibodies against human hev was studied in four rhesus monkeys. of the two rhesus monkeys with anti-hev titres of 100 and 1000 respecti ... | 1994 | 8790567 |
| relative importance of the enterically transmitted human hepatitis viruses type a and e as a cause of foreign travel associated hepatitis. | hepatitis contracted during a stay abroad may be caused by a wide range of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, protozoa or helminths. in many cases, the etiological agent primarily infects other target organs and tissues, involving the liver either as part of a disseminated infection or secondarily to mechanical biliary tract obstruction. the article focuses on enterically transmitted hepatitis caused by the primarily hepatotropic human hepatitis viruses type a and e and discusses their impor ... | 1996 | 8800797 |
| acute viral hepatitis types e, a, and b singly and in combination in acute liver failure in children in north india. | the aetiological agents responsible for, and the outcome of, acute liver failure were investigated prospectively in 44 children (29 males, 15 females) attending a tertiary health care facility in india. the children were between the ages of 2 months and 13 years. studies for viral infections and other etiologies could be carried out in 40 patients. specific aetiological labels were possible in 35 (87.5%) patients. thirty (75%) had evidence of acute viral hepatitis. acute hepatitis e virus (hev) ... | 1996 | 8801280 |
| hepatitis e infection in the uk. | a modification of a commercial assay for anti-hev to allow detection of specific igm has been validated. its use has shown that acute cases of hev do occur in the uk. to date these have all been patients returning from highly endemic areas. | 1996 | 8811645 |
| purification of a soluble hepatitis e open reading frame 2-derived protein with unique antigenic properties. | the second open reading frame (orf2) of hepatitis e virus (hev) is predicted to encode a 73-kda capsid protein (1). when full-length orf2 was expressed in insect cells (spodoptera frugiperda (sf9)) using a recombinant baculovirus, two distinct hev polypeptides were observed: a full-length insoluble 73-kda protein, and a soluble 56.5-kda protein. following purification and sequence analysis, it was determined that the 56.5-kda protein was derived from endoproteolytic cleavage site that was betwee ... | 1996 | 8812876 |
| sporadic acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis e virus in egyptian adults. | | 1996 | 8816162 |
| a community prevalence study of antibodies to hepatitis a and e in inner-city london. | the seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) was determined in a community-based sample in innercity london where socioeconomic conditions were expected to result in a high prevalence of antibodies to hav, and in which the presence of immigrants from the developing world pose a risk of imported infection of both hav and hev. the seroprevalence of anti-hav was 45.1% in uk born subjects and 69.7% in non-uk born subjects and each group showed differing pat ... | 1996 | 8818970 |
| [fecal-oral transmission of viral hepatitis]. | | 1995 | 8830209 |
| neuronal spread of swine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) 67n strain in 4-week-old rats. | | 1995 | 8830465 |
| analysis of cellular receptors for human coronavirus oc43. | bovine coronavirus (bcv), human coronavirus oc43 (hcv-oc43) and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) are serologically related viruses that all have hemagglutinating activity. the receptor determinant for attachment to erythrocytes has been shown to be n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5,9ac2). we compared the ability of the three coronaviruses to recognize 9-o-acetylated sialic acid and found that they all bind to neu5,9ac2 attached to galactose in either a2,3 or a2,6-linkage. th ... | 1995 | 8830510 |
| a high hepatitis e virus seroprevalence among renal transplantation and haemophilia patient populations. | | 1996 | 8834035 |
| experimental infection of the laboratory rat with the hepatitis e virus. | to confirm an earlier report that laboratory rats are susceptible to infection with the hepatitis e virus (hev), we inoculated 27 wistar rats intravenously with a suspension of a human stool known to contain infectious hev. stool, sera, and various tissues were collected from three rats each on days 0 (preinoculation) and 4, 7, 11, 14, 18, 21, 25, 28, and 35 postinoculation. stool and sera specimens were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the presence of hev genomic ... | 1996 | 8835343 |
| fulminant hepatic failure in pregnant women: acute fatty liver or acute viral hepatitis? | hepatitis e virus, which is endemic in our region, can cause severe liver dysfunction in pregnant women and this can be clinically confused with acute fatty liver of pregnancy. | 1996 | 8836897 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the penton base genes of type ii avian adenoviruses. | we describe here the identification of the penton base gene of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev), a type ii avian adenovirus, in a 2477-base pair (bp)-ecori fragment of the viral dna by sequence analysis. identification is based on an extensive amino acid homology between the hev-open reading frame and the penton base of a fowl adenovirus (fav-10) and various human adenoviruses. the 1344 bp-penton base gene of hev encodes a 448-amino acid polypeptide of molecular weight of 50,843 da. the nucleot ... | 1995 | 8837891 |
| hepatitis e. | hepatitis e has a world-wide distribution and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in some developing countries, particularly among pregnant women. hepatitis e virus (hev) has recently been cloned and sequenced, and new diagnostic tests have been developed. these tests have been used to begin to characterize the natural history and epidemiological features of hev infection. experimental vaccines have also been developed that offer the potential to prevent hepatitis e. however, much remains ... | 1996 | 8864031 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in an immigrant to the united states. | a patient who had recently traveled from india to tennessee was found to have acute hepatitis e. improved recognition and serologic testing have increased the diagnosis of hepatitis e in the united states. for those at risk, hepatitis e should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute hepatitis. | 1996 | 8865794 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in north-east italy: serological study in the open population and groups at risk. | developed western countries are considered to be relatively free from endemic foci of hepatitis e virus (hev) infections. the aim of this study was to assess the seroepidemiology of hev in north-east italy. of the 2361 individuals studied 1889 were representative of the general population and 472 were from groups at high risk for viral infections: 279 drug users and 193 patients on chronic haemodialysis. all sera were tested for hepatitis c virus antibody (hcvab), human immunodeficiency virus an ... | 1996 | 8871881 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in patients from saudi arabia with sickle cell anaemia and beta-thalassemia major: possible transmission by blood transfusion. | the seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) was investigated in saudi children with sickle cell anaemia (sca) (50 patients: 28 boys, 22 girls; age range 2-14 years) and beta-thalassemia major (28 patients: 12 boys, 16 girls; age range 2-12 years). the sca patients were from the gizan area (south) while the thalassemics were from the riyadh area (central province). the prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibody (hevab) in patients with sca (18.0%) an ... | 1996 | 8871882 |