| phlebotomy practices/needles stick injuries/hepatitis b status/among interns in a dublin hospital. | needlestick injury is the most important risk event for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) transmission to health-care workers. we examined phlebotomy practices, the frequency of needle stick injuries, the reporting of such injuries and hepatitis b status among interns in st james's hospital during a six month period. this study took the form of a questionnaire. the response rate was 100%. 72% had at least one needlestick injury during this time period, 23% had injuri ... | 1992 | 1399472 |
| detection of hepatitis b pre-core mutant by allele specific polymerase chain reaction. | development of a specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for detection of the pre-core, stop codon, mutant of hepatitis b virus (hbv). | 1992 | 1401178 |
| phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin a activate hepatitis b virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from 25 patients with chronic hepatitis b were tested for the presence of free monomeric hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna migrating as a single 3.2 kb band by southern blot analysis. the pbmc were cultured for 7 days in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (pha) or concanavalin a (cona) both of which yielded a proliferative response. by contrast, both bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) and interleukin 2 (il2) failed to do so. dot blot assays were used to monito ... | 1992 | 1402824 |
| dideoxyinosine for chronic hepatitis b infection. | six patients positive for both human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b were studied to assess the effect of dideoxyinosine (ddi) on hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication. two patients died during the follow-up period and four had at least 8 weeks of therapy. one patient demonstrated hbv dna suppression and became transiently negative. in the remaining five patients, there was no appreciable change in hbv dna levels during ddi therapy. ddi was well tolerated in all patients, the only sig ... | 1992 | 1402828 |
| [incidence of hepatitis b, c and d infection in chronic liver diseases]. | the authors tested hepatitis b (hbsag, anti-hbs, anti-hbc, igm anti-hbc, hbe, anti-hbe), c (anti-hcv) and d (anti-hd, igm anti-hd) virus markers in the sera of 204 patients, who suffered from histologically confirmed chronic liver diseases (age: 18-72, average: 46.8 y) by sorin biomedica ria and abbott elisa kits. on the basis of detailed virus serological tests, they obtained data indicating viral etiology in 62% of the cases. 33.3% of the patients were anti-hcv, 52.5% of the patients were hbv ... | 1992 | 1408083 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b, hepatitis delta, and human immunodeficiency virus infections in omani patients with renal diseases. | patients treated at the royal hospital in oman during january-june 1991 were divided in 3 groups. the 1st group included 103 patients (49 males, 54 females, with a mean of 39 years) who attended the nephrology clinic and none of whom were on dialysis. in the 2nd group there were 102 patients (46 males, 56 females, with a mean age of 42 years) on regular hemodialysis (with a mean duration of 35 months) because of end-stage renal failure. the 3rd group comprised 82 kidney transplant patients ( ... | 1992 | 1412910 |
| characterization of the hepatitis b virus x- and nucleocapsid gene transcriptional regulatory elements. | the regulatory dna sequence elements that control the expression of the hepatitis b virus x- and nucleocapsid genes in the differentiated human hepatoma cell lines, huh7, hep3b, plc/prf/5, and hepg2, the dedifferentiated human hepatoma cell line, hepg2.1, and the human cervical carcinoma cell line, hela s3, were analyzed using transient transfection assays. in this system, the hepatitis b virus enhancer i located between coordinates 1071 (-239) and 1238 (-72) increases transcription from the x-g ... | 1992 | 1413508 |
| hepatitis b virus-dna transfected myeloma cell-specific cytotoxic t cells in chronic hepatitis b patients. | to study the mechanisms of hepatitis b virus (hbv)-induced chronic hepatitis (b-ch), we took chronic hepatitis b patients' peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and examined their cytotoxic activities against human myeloma cells (arh77) transfected by hbv-dna. two different transfected cells, one expressing hbv envelope antigens (s6) and the other expressing hbv core antigens (c4), were prepared and used as targets in the in vitro cytotoxic test. we found that pbl of b-ch patients had specific cyto ... | 1992 | 1413509 |
| inhibition of intrahepatic hepatitis b virus replication by antiviral drugs in a novel transgenic mouse model. | transgenic mice which carry the integrated human hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome and produce hbv particles in the liver were treated with antiviral compounds, and the amount of viral dna in the liver and serum was monitored by southern analyses. mouse alpha interferon (200,000 u per injection, twice daily for 3 days) and a novel nucleoside, oxetanocin g (15 mg/kg of body weight per injection, twice daily for 7 days), inhibited viral dna synthesis in the liver almost completely. this animal model ... | 1992 | 1416898 |
| effects of phyllanthus plant extracts on duck hepatitis b virus in vitro and in vivo. | the effects of extracts of five australian phyllanthus species (p. hirtellus, p. gunnii, p. gasstroemii, p. similis and p. tenellus), other plant extracts and the antiviral drug foscarnet on duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) endogenous dna polymerase (dnap) activity were compared. all 5 phyllanthus species caused 50% inhibition at concentrations of dry weight between 350-800 micrograms/ml, which is comparable with the effect described for p. amarus on the dnap of human and woodchuck hepatitis b viru ... | 1992 | 1416905 |
| in situ characterization of mononuclear cell phenotype in intrahepatic lymphoid follicles in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. | the author examined liver biopsy specimens obtained from 596 patients with chronic viral hepatitis to clarify the role of lymphoid follicle formation in the portal spaces. lymphoid follicles were observed more frequently in chronic hepatitis non-a non-b than in chronic hepatitis b and were also common in patients with anti-hepatitis c virus-positive non-a non-b hepatitis. immunohistology revealed that these hepatic lymphoid follicles resembled the lymphoid follicles of synovial tissue in rheumat ... | 1992 | 1426857 |
| frequency of hepatitis b, c and d and human immunodeficiency virus infections in multi-transfused thalassemics. | of forty multi-transfused thalassemia patients (26 males, 14 females; mean age 8.1 +/- 5.3 years, range 1-35) with no clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease, hbsag, anti-hepatitis c virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibodies were present in 18 (45%), 7 (17.5%) and 1 (2.5%) cases respectively. three of the 18 (16.7%) hbsag positive patients were anti-delta antibody positive. our results indicate that more than 50% of multi-transfused thalassemia patients show serological ev ... | 1992 | 1428037 |
| nucleobase transporter-mediated permeation of 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine in human erythrocytes and human t-lymphoblastoid ccrf-cem cells. | several 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides (ddns), agents that inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus, enter mammalian cells by simple diffusion. in this report, we show that the membrane permeation of 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine (ddg) in human erythrocytes and ccrf-cem cells, in contrast with that of other ddns, is transporter-mediated. inward fluxes of ddg in both cell types were inhibited by adenine, hypoxanthine, and acyclovir, but not by inhibitors of nucleoside tran ... | 1992 | 1429579 |
| genomic variability in the pres1 region and determination of routes of transmission of hepatitis b virus. | on the basis of published sequence data the pres1 attachment region of hepatitis b virus (hbv) appears to be highly variable. using a novel method for rapid dna sequencing by the polymerase chain reaction we screened 34 hbv dna-positive sera for mutations in a variable part of the pres1 region of the hbv genome. the sequence data were used to analyse potential chains of infection, and strongly supported the expected routes of hbv transmission among patient groups. furthermore, sequence compariso ... | 1992 | 1431814 |
| identification and cloning of a novel heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein c-like protein that functions as a transcriptional activator of the hepatitis b virus enhancer ii. | liver specificity of hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication has been attributed to the action of its second enhancer (eii). we report here the characterization of eii and the subsequent isolation of a novel liver-specific dna-binding protein which binds to and activates eii. the cdna clone of the protein, designated e2bp, was isolated from a lambda gt11 expression library constructed from the hepatoma cell line huh-6 which was screened with a binding site probe derived from eii. sequence analysis o ... | 1992 | 1433497 |
| cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis. | for colorectal carcinomas, the rate of tumor development is proportional to the fourth to sixth power of elapsed time, suggesting that four to six independent events are necessary. although similar calculations have not been made for hbv-associated hccs, it is likely that this is also the case for hccs, since individuals with persistent hbv infection do not usually develop hcc until they are 45 or greater years old. as evidence for specific genetic and epigenetic changes in hccs accumulate, the ... | 1992 | 1439879 |
| new strategies for isolation of low abundance viral and host cdnas: application to cloning of the hepatitis e virus and analysis of tissue-specific transcription. | the ability to clone viruses molecularly has led to dramatic advances in our understanding of this diverse group of agents at the molecular level. these insights are critical to the development of experimental strategies for the containment and control of the various viral pathogens that cause hepatitis in man. knowledge of the genes and gene products have, for example, assisted in the design of expression systems that have been useful for the cell-free expression and production of viral constit ... | 1992 | 1439880 |
| mortality trends in a cohort of homosexual men in new york city, 1978-1988. | trends in mortality related to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and to other causes were examined from 1978 to 1988 in a cohort of 8,906 homosexual men who participated in studies of hepatitis b virus infection in the late 1970s in new york city. hiv-related mortality rates increased from 1 per 10,000 person-years in 1980 to 181 per 10,000 person-years in 1986, followed by a plateau from 1986 to 1988. the standardized mortality ratio among white men in the cohort was 3.7 ... | 1992 | 1442731 |
| the pathogenesis of vacuoles produced in rat and mouse liver cells by a conjugate of adenine arabinoside monophosphate with lactosaminated albumin. | a conjugate of adenine arabinoside monophosphate with lactosaminated albumin produced vacuoles in hepatic cells of rats and mice when given at doses 5-10 times higher than that (35 mg/kg) capable of inhibiting hepatitis b virus replication in patients with chronic hepatitis b. the vacuoles were due to the swelling of secondary lysosomes probably caused by incapacity of the lysosomal enzymes to rapidly digest large amounts of conjugate into products able to cross the lysosomal membrane. although ... | 1992 | 1447497 |
| identification of a binding protein to the x gene promoter region of hepatitis b virus. | the x protein of hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a transactivator to homologous and heterologous viral and cellular transcriptional regulatory elements. one sequence-specific binding protein, whose binding site located from nt 1102 to nt 1117 of hbv dna, was identified by mobility shift assay and dnase i foot-printing analysis. a cat assay experiment demonstrated this 16-bp binding site to have a promoter activity in the x gene transcription. the 58-bp dna fragment (nt 1085 to nt 1142), which contain ... | 1992 | 1448911 |
| manufacture and in vitro characterization of a solvent/detergent-treated human plasma. | we have developed a modified solvent/detergent (s/d) treatment to inactivate viruses in human plasma using 1% w/w final concentration of tri(n-butyl) phosphate (tnbp) and triton x-100 and an incubation period of 4 h at 30 degrees c. the procedure inactivates > or = 10(6) chimpanzee-infectious doses (cid50) of hbv, > or = 10(5) cid50 of hcv, and > or = 10(6.2) tissue culture infectious doses (tcid50) of hiv. after virus inactivation, eleven plasma batches were lyophilized and 12 batches were deep ... | 1992 | 1448962 |
| chronic viral hepatitis in children. | hepatitis b virus is the most common causative agent of chronic viral hepatitis in children. the disease may take an aggressive course, but remains mostly asymptomatic. hdv infection occurs in about 13% of those children who are chronic carriers and are hbsag positive. hcv infection is generally related to parenteral risk and generally remains asymptomatic. in addition to describing the course of the various diseases, treatment and control measures are discussed. | 1992 | 1450698 |
| lack of pre-c region mutation in woodchuck hepatitis virus from seroconverted woodchucks. | woodchuck hepatitis virus, which shares a large degree of homology with human hbv, was examined for indications of mutational variants. no alteration in the pre-c region was found, but as in hbv, viral dna could still be detected by pcr after seroconversion to anti-whe. | 1992 | 1450731 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in chinese patients with viral hepatitis and hepatic failure. | anti-hcv assay with ortho kits was done in 100 blood donors and recipients and 374 cases of viral hepatitis, including 65 cases of fulminant, subacute and chronic hepatic failure. none of the 100 blood donors and recipients showed positive anti-hcv response. anti-hcv was positive in 7.6% of the patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, 9.7% of the patients with chronic active hepatitis and 23.1% of the patients with liver cirrhosis. high prevalence of anti-hcv was observed in subacute hepatic ... | 1992 | 1451557 |
| literature review of hepatitis b: should eye care practitioners receive a hepatitis b vaccine? | the incidence of hepatitis b infection has been steadily increasing over the last 5 years. the current literature has established that eye care practitioners are in the high risk category for contracting and transmitting this serious viral infection. hepatitis b virus (hbv) is present in all bodily fluids including tears and is considered to be more easily transmitted with a higher degree of infectiousness than human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). fortunately, unlike acquired immune deficiency sy ... | 1992 | 1454308 |
| detection of hepatitis b virus dna in human serum samples: use of digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotides as modified primers for the polymerase chain reaction. | nonradioactive techniques have been used for the direct detection of hepatitis b virus dna in human serum samples. a comparison of two different systems using digoxigenin-labeled dna probes is presented. furthermore, oligonucleotides containing one molecule of the hapten digoxigenin at the 5'-end were prepared and used as primers for the polymerase chain reaction. amplified dna can be directly analyzed with anti-digoxigenin fab fragments labeled with alkaline phosphatase and chemiluminescent sub ... | 1992 | 1456439 |
| human immunodeficiency virus as a risk factor in miscellaneous cancers. | the association of malignancies, such as non-hodgkin's lymphoma and kaposi's sarcoma, with human immunodeficiency virus infection has been recognized since the beginning of the epidemic. however, an increasing number of tumors not diagnostic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been described in this setting. taking into consideration that survival of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection is increasing because of improvement of supportive care and better control of human immu ... | 1992 | 1457506 |
| probing the human antibody repertoire to exogenous antigens. characterization of the h and l chain v region gene segments from anti-hepatitis b virus antibodies. | structural studies of human antibody v regions have been largely limited to those involving the fetal repertoire, autoantibodies, and malignant cell rearrangements, leaving the "normal" repertoire relatively unexplored. in this study we describe the nucleotide sequences of the h and l chain v regions of four antibodies specific for the surface ag of the hepatitis b virus. monoclonal cell lines were derived from healthy individuals who received standard immunizations with the serum-derived or rec ... | 1992 | 1460290 |
| [low risk of acquiring the hepatitis c virus for the health personnel]. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) is transmitted by the same routes as that of hepatitis b (hbv) and that of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). health care workers have been considered at risk although of different intensity for acquiring the hbv and hiv with the risk of acquiring the hcv being ignored. | 1992 | 1460924 |
| estrogen suppresses hepatitis b virus expression in male athymic mice transplanted with hbv transfected hep g-2 cells. | hormones are known to regulate both viral and cellular genes. it has been shown previously that estrogen has an effect on liver gene transcription and mrna stability. sex hormones might have a role in the chronic persistence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. in fact, there is a male preponderance in the incidence of chronic hbv infection, and hbsag expression was reported to be much higher in male transgenic mice than in the females. we investigated the effect of estrogen on hbv gene express ... | 1992 | 1463321 |
| reactivation of hepatitis b virus infection with an unusual pattern of serological markers. | a 73-year-old man presented with acute hepatitis, judged to be a reactivation of hepatitis b virus infection. his serum samples during a follow-up time of 16 months showed an unusual pattern of serological markers. he was consistently hbeag positive, hbsag fluctuated just under the cut-off value and he had a low level of circulating anti-hbs. by electron microscopy numerous aggregates of surface antigen particles, but not complete virions were seen. he was hbv dna positive by hybridization. the ... | 1992 | 1465585 |
| the occupational hazard of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus infection. i. perceived risks and preventive measures adopted by anaesthetists: a postal survey. | we have conducted a postal survey of members of the association of anaesthetists to ascertain perceived risks and preventive measures adopted with regard to the occupational hazard of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus infection. despite recognition of the infection risk and the adoption of appropriate measures when managing known infected patients, the majority of anaesthetists have not implemented simple precautions in their daily routine work. less than 16% of respondents rout ... | 1992 | 1466429 |
| the occupational hazard of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus infection. ii. effect of grade, age, sex and region of employment on perceived risks and preventive measures adopted by anaesthetists. | the effect of grade, age, sex and region of employment on the attitude of anaesthetists to the possible risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection and the measures adopted to minimise the risk were assessed. as a group, anaesthetists in training were more concerned than consultants about the risk of hiv or hbv infection and, as a consequence, were more likely to adopt protective measures. a similar variation was seen with age, younger anaesthetists being mor ... | 1992 | 1466430 |
| [laboratory problems of chemotherapy of viral infections in humans]. | the following problems are presented and discussed: scientific and epidemiologic basis of chemotherapy, relations of antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo especially important when new-drugs are developed and evaluated, inhibitors used in medical treatment and mechanisms of their antiviral functions, genesis and nature of virus resistance, possible role of interfering defective particles. the paper is addressed both to laboratories involved in new drugs construction as well to clinical ones pe ... | 1992 | 1470577 |
| absence of genomes of dna tumor viruses and expression of oncogenes and growth factors in two esophageal carcinoma cell lines of chinese origin. | to study the oncogenesis of human esophageal carcinoma, the presence of dna sequences homologous to several dna tumor viruses and the expression of oncogenes and growth factor genes were examined in two esophageal carcinoma cell lines of chinese origin, ce48t/vgh and ce81t/vgh. southern blot analyses failed to detect sequences homologous to hepatitis b virus (hbv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), cytomegalovirus (cmv) or human papilloma virus (hpv) genomes. norther ... | 1992 | 1473373 |
| acute delta hepatitis without hepatitis b surface antigen detectable in the blood. | the case is described of a 42-year-old man suffering from acute delta hepatitis without hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) being detectable in his blood. tests on the patient's blood were negative for anti-hbcigm and hbeag but positive for anti-hbs, anti-hbe, hdag and anti-digm. it is well known that the delta antigen-antibody system is detectable only in hbsag carriers except rarely in persons recently recovered from acute hepatitis b virus (hbv) and delta infection. we report one of the rare ... | 1992 | 1474270 |
| [detection of hbv-dna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of anti-hiv-positive patients and its relation to other serological markers of hbv]. | hbv infection has been investigated in 47 anti-human hiv positive patients in relation to a similar group of 33 anti-hiv negative patients. serological hbv markers were found in 87% of anti-hiv positive patients. the difference in markers of viral replication (hbeag, hbv-dna) was not statistically significant between the two groups. it has been suggested that hbv infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells could be a cofactor implicated in the development of immunodeficiency due to hiv. for ... | 1992 | 1489771 |
| developmental and liver-specific expression directed by the serum amyloid p component promoter in transgenic mice. | transgenic mice were produced by microinjection of a human serum amyloid p component (hsap) gene or a fusion gene (ss) comprising the promoter for hsap (nucleotides -600 to -14 from the start codon) and the coding region of the hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag). in adult mice, both transgenes were expressed only in the liver, and thus the pattern of expression resembled that of the endogenous mouse sap gene. both hsap mrna and hbsag were first detected in liver on the second postnatal da ... | 1992 | 1500416 |
| anti-hbe-positive chronic hepatitis b with hbv-dna in the serum response to a 6-month course of lymphoblastoid interferon. | eighteen heterosexual hbsag carriers with anti-hbe- and hbv-dna-positive chronic hepatitis b (chb) were randomly assigned to receive human lymphoblastoid interferon (ly-ifn) at a dose of 5 mu/m2 i.m. three times a week for 6 months (ten cases) or no treatment (eight cases). all patients were followed for 24 months after ifn discontinuation and received a second liver biopsy. during the 6 months of treatment all patients had a progressive reduction of serum hbv-dna levels, and at the end of thera ... | 1992 | 1500686 |
| a cysteine and a hydrophobic sequence in the noncleaved portion of the pre-c leader peptide determine the biophysical properties of the secretory core protein (hbe protein) of human hepatitis b virus. | the molecular basis of the biophysical and antigenic differences between the cellular core protein (hbc protein) and the secreted core protein (hbe protein) of human hepatitis b virus was examined. the data show that the properties which distinguish the hbe protein from the hbc protein are due mostly to the 10-amino-acid portion of the hbe leader sequence which remains attached to the hbe protein after cleavage. a cysteine located within this region determines the quaternary structure and the an ... | 1992 | 1501277 |
| nosography and immunopathogenesis of viral hepatitis. | five viruses are responsible for the vast majority of cases of viral related hepatitis. they have been named hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), hepatitis e virus (hev). the more recent literature concerning the viral structure, the epidemiology, the serological identification, the clinical course and the prevention of each type of hepatitis is reviewed. hbv is not directly cytopathic. hepatitis is a consequence of the destruction o ... | 1992 | 1501725 |
| prevalence of hepatitides in our hemodialyzed population. | we evaluated the prevalence of hepatitis in our hemodialysed population (65 patients, 37 m and 28 f). screening for a and b hepatitis was tested with the ria method and research of the anti-hcv with the immunoenzymatic method (ortho hcv elisa test of 2nd generation). 15 patients (23.07%) were anti-hcv positive (anti-hcv+); 23 (35.38%) showed positivity for 1 or more markers of b hepatitis (hbv+). a meaningful greater prevalence of b virus infections in anti-hcv+ patients (86.66%), compared to ne ... | 1992 | 1501728 |
| [cell culture and its application primary culture of human hepatocytes and its application]. | difficulty in obtaining human liver specimens has made a delay in the development of methodology for isolation and primary culture of human hepatocytes compared to animal hepatocyte cultures. recently the collagenase-liver-perfusion technique, which was developed for rat hepatocyte isolation, has been applied to prepare isolated human hepatocytes. this method greatly improved the yield and viability of hepatocytes of human liver tissues. since then, the isolated human hepatocytes and their prima ... | 1992 | 1503493 |
| therapies for hepatitis b virus: current status and future possibilities. | alpha-interferon is the first agent with proven therapeutic efficacy in humans with chronic hbv infection. obviously, further research is needed to clarify and expand the role of interferon in this setting. in addition, an overall response rate of less than 50% illustrates the need for continuing innovation in the treatment of hbv infection especially in patients with predictors of poor outcome. despite the advent of effective vaccines against hbv, this pathogen is likely to remain a source of s ... | 1992 | 1514436 |
| initial safety and immunogenicity studies of an oral recombinant adenohepatitis b vaccine. | orally administered adenovirus may be a useful vaccine carrier of cloned antigens of other pathogens. a recombinant adenohepatitis vaccine wy-ad7hz6-1, which expressed hepatitis b surface antigen and contained a large deletion in early region 3 (e3), was constructed and studied in humans. volunteers received wy-ad7hz6-1 (n = 3), adenovirus type 7 vaccine (n = 3) or placebo (n = 3). recipients of wy-ad7hz6-1 shed less vaccine virus in the stool for a shorter period and had a lower titre of anti-a ... | 1992 | 1523878 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis b virus transcription in peripheral blood lymphocytes from co-infected subjects. | the molecular characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte (pbl) infection by hepatitis b virus (hbv) were studied in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infected subjects using highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based techniques. dna and rna samples were purified from pbls of hiv-1 infected individuals, regardless of their hbv serological status and assayed using pcr and reverse-transcription (rt) pcr, respectively. the data shown here are an extension of previous report ... | 1992 | 1524492 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b and c viruses and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women of reproductive age. | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis b and c viruses, and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women of reproductive age attending a health care system. | 1992 | 1525103 |
| reverse seroconversion of hepatitis b virus infectious status after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a carrier donor. | a 35-year-old man with acute promyelocytic leukemia received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (bmt) in second complete remission. the donor was his 18-year-old brother, a chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) carrier with detectable serum hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag) and hepatitis b virus dna (hbv dna). before bmt, the recipient was immune to hbv, with serum antibody to hbsag (anti-hbs), antibody to hbeag (anti-hbe) and normal liver function. examination of th ... | 1992 | 1525609 |
| high prevalence of viral infection in adults with homozygous and heterozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and chronic liver disease. | to determine the prevalence of chronic liver disease in adults with homozygous (pi zz) and heterozygous (pi z) alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and to assess the presence of other possible risk factors for the development of chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver in these patients. | 1992 | 1530195 |
| the immune response to hepatitis b vaccine in humans: inheritance patterns in families. | we have recently shown that the human antibody response to the hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag) vaccine is major histocompatibility complex (mhc) associated. in studies of nonresponders to the vaccine, we found an increased incidence of individuals homozygous for human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (hla) proteins associated with the extended (conserved) haplotype [hla-b8,sc01,dr3]. in later prospective vaccination trials, we showed that none of five individuals homozygous for thi ... | 1992 | 1531063 |
| design and synthesis of a self-assembling peptide derived from the envelope proteins of hiv type 1. an approach to heterovalent immunogens. | a chimeric peptide that included sequences from gp120 and gp41 of hiv type 1 was synthesized. cleavage from solid support yielded a composite of self-oligomerized products with molecular masses ranging from 5 to about 9 kda. the oligomer but not its reduced, monomeric form was recognized by human anti-hiv sera and at least one of the two lysines in the sequence was involved in antibody binding. the oligomeric peptide was immunogenic, yielding a conformation-specific antibody response. co-oligome ... | 1992 | 1534827 |
| chronic hepatitis b virus infection in an anti-hbc-nonreactive blood donor: variant virus or defective immune response? | viral sequence and host immune response were investigated in an unusual, asymptomatic chronic hepatitis b virus carrier (human leukocyte antigen type a24, bw61, bw62, bw6, drw11, drw52, dqw7) who was consistently nonreactive for antibody to hbc and had a normal alt level over a 5-yr study period. the precore and core region dna sequences of virus isolated from his serum had seven silent mutations that resulted in no changes in the amino acid sequence of the adr hbsag subtype. he had no abnormali ... | 1992 | 1535607 |
| human immunodeficiency virus testing experience and hepatitis b vaccination and testing status of healthcare workers in south carolina: implications for compliance with us public health service guidelines. | to assess the previous human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing experience and the hepatitis b (hb) vaccination and testing status of healthcare workers potentially involved in invasive surgical procedures. | 1992 | 1535641 |
| correlation of hepatitis b virus, hepatitis d virus and human immunodeficiency virus type i infection markers in hepatitis b surface antigen positive haemophiliacs and patients without haemophilia with clinical and histopathological outcome of hepatitis. | the hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection plays a major role in severe liver damage caused by hepatitis. to establish the prevalence of hdv infection in haemophilic patients and patients without haemophilia, 87 patients with chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection were examined for serological evidence of delta hepatitis. in addition hbv, hdv and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) infection markers were compared to clinical and histopathological outcome of hepatitis. out of 46 haemophiliacs ... | 1992 | 1537369 |
| high-level expression of hepatitis b viral antigens in fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis. | the expression of hepatitis b viral antigens was quantified in liver tissue from four transplant recipients with fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (fch) and compared with five other transplant recipients who did not develop this syndrome and 30 patients with chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. as measured by radioimmunoassays, the liver tissue from patients with fch had significantly greater amounts of both hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and nucleocapsid antigens than to transplant pat ... | 1992 | 1537531 |
| a second look at the cost of mandatory human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus testing for healthcare workers performing invasive procedures. | | 1992 | 1541802 |
| infections that cause vasculitis. | an infectious cause has long been suspected for most forms of vasculitis. in most cases vascular damage has been ascribed to immune-mediated mechanisms rather than direct microbial toxicity. evidence cited in this review provides further support for a causal role of infection in the vasculitides by strengthening the link between group a streptococci and hepatitis b virus with polyarteritis nodosa and kawasaki syndrome. it is anticipated that the application of new molecular technology will provi ... | 1992 | 1543661 |
| guidelines for health care workers who have hepatitis b virus or human immunodeficiency virus infection. | | 1992 | 1545945 |
| what is the dentist's occupational risk of becoming infected with hepatitis b or the human immunodeficiency virus? | surveys have shown that dentists are reluctant to treat persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). however, dentists are much more willing to treat patients with infectious hepatitis b virus (hbv). this study shows that the annual cumulative risk of infection from routine treatment of patients whose seropositivity is undisclosed is 57 times greater from hbv than from hiv, and that the risk of dying from hbv infection is 1.7 times greater than the risk of hiv infection, for whi ... | 1992 | 1546781 |
| autopresentation of hepatitis b virus envelope antigens by t cells. | processing and presentation by t cells appear to be limited to antigens that can directly interact with the t-cell surface, thereby overcoming the t-cell inefficiency in antigen capture and internalization. our study provides evidence that the hepatitis b virus (hbv) envelope proteins can also be efficiently processed and presented by cd4+ and cd8+ t cells to other t cells in a human leukocyte antigen class ii-restricted fashion. this phenomenon suggests a receptor-mediated interaction between t ... | 1992 | 1548778 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 major neutralizing determinant exposed on hepatitis b surface antigen particles is highly immunogenic in primates. | hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) produced by recombinant dna technology is now widely and safely used worldwide for hepatitis b vaccination. we used the hbsag particle as a carrier molecule for presentation of selected human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) determinants to the immune system. immunization of rhesus monkeys with an hbsag chimera carrying the hiv-1 envelope major neutralizing determinant allowed us to generate proliferative t-cell responses and, in some cases, neutralizing ... | 1992 | 1548782 |
| interactions between human immunodeficiency virus-1, hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis b virus infections in 260 chronic carriers of hepatitis b virus. | to evaluate the factors determining the severity of chronic hepatitis b virus infection and the interactions of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis delta virus infections, we retrospectively analyzed 260 patients, 146 of whom were followed for a mean of 31.4 +/- 1.8 mo. human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis delta virus status and aminotransferase activities, histological activity index, alcohol consumption and the prevalence of cirrhosis were investigated. the pat ... | 1992 | 1551633 |
| effect of duration of hepatitis b virus infection on the association between human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and hepatitis b viral replication. | this study examined the effect of duration of hepatitis b virus infection on the association between human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection and hepatitis b viral replication. twenty-five chronic hbsag carriers were studied. presence of hepatitis b virus dna and expression of hbeag were more frequent among 20 chronic hbsag carriers positive for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 antibody compared with five chronic hbsag carriers negative for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 antibody, b ... | 1992 | 1551635 |
| a comparison of hiv-1, hbv, and htlv-i/ii seroprevalence rates of injured patients admitted through california emergency departments. | to determine the seroprevalence rates of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv-i/ii) and to compare these rates with the hiv-1 seroprevalence rate in a sample of injured patients admitted through ten california emergency departments. | 1992 | 1554177 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus infections in a new york city alcoholic population. | alcoholics have previously been reported to have an increased susceptibility to hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. since human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is transmitted in a similar fashion, we studied 143 consecutive in- and outpatient alcoholics residing in new york city for hiv and hbv prevalence and associated risk factors. of these alcoholics, 19 (13%) individuals were hiv positive, 57 (40%) were hepatitis b seropositive. intravenous drug use and sexual contact with an iv drug user were t ... | 1992 | 1556861 |
| mapping of 5' ends of virion-derived hbv dna. | mapping of the 5' ends of virion-derived hepatitis b virus dna molecules was carried out after cloning and sequencing linearized genomes made fully double stranded. of five clones obtained, three of four minus strand termini mapped to the g in position 1826 and one to the t in position 1827. plus strand 5' ends were more heterogeneous with evidence from one clone for the presence of an rna-translocated primer from the 5' end of pregenomic rna as well as two other termini, mapped to positions 159 ... | 1992 | 1566580 |
| genetic alterations in the gene encoding the major hbsag: dna and immunological analysis of recurrent hbsag derived from monoclonal antibody-treated liver transplant patients. | a gene region encoding a segment of the major surface protein, hbsag, of hepatitis b virus was analyzed from serum samples after orthotopic liver transplantation of three hepatitis b virus chronic carrier patients treated with a human anti-hepatitis b virus monoclonal antibody (sdz ost 577). each of these three patients became hbsag negative after transplantation and therapy with the human anti-hepatitis b virus monoclonal antibody but returned to hbsag positivity (first detected 143,251 and 252 ... | 1992 | 1568715 |
| production of hepatitis b virus by stably transfected monocytic cell line u-937: a model for extrahepatic hepatitis b virus replication. | human monocytic cell line u-937 was transfected with the hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome. transfected cells releasing hbv surface antigen (hbsag) and hbv e antigen (hbeag) into the culture supernatant were cloned and further characterized. the hbv genomes were present in these cells in both chromosomally integrated and episomal forms. intracellular replicative intermediates of hbv dna and hbv-specific rna transcripts of 3.6 and 2.2 kb were also detected. viral dna was present in the culture super ... | 1992 | 1569345 |
| transferrin receptor mediates uptake and presentation of hepatitis b envelope antigen by t lymphocytes. | human activated t lymphocytes expressing class ii molecules are able to present only complex antigens that bind to their own surface receptors, and thus can be captured, internalized, and processed through the class ii major histocompatibility complex processing pathway. we have used the antigen-presenting t cell system to identify the viral receptor used by hepatitis b virus (hbv) to enter cells, as well as the sequence of hb envelope antigen (hbenvag) involved in this interaction. results show ... | 1992 | 1569393 |
| oesophageal tuberculosis: a review of eleven cases. | tuberculous infection of the oesophagus is rare. this is confirmed by our present review of cases managed in our teaching hospitals over a period of 18 years which uncovered only 11 patients. the main presentation is that of dysphagia whose algorithm of investigation should seek to differentiate tuberculosis from carcinoma, the more common cause of this symptom. of the 11 patients, 9 presented with dysphagia while 2 had haemorrhage; 7 had an abnormal plain chest radiograph, of whom 4 had a media ... | 1992 | 1570250 |
| sexual practices in the transmission of hepatitis b virus and prevalence of hepatitis delta virus infection in female prostitutes in the united states. | to evaluate heterosexual transmission of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) infection in female prostitutes. | 1992 | 1573724 |
| organ distribution and stability of phosphorothioated oligodeoxyribonucleotides in mice. | results of recent studies in our laboratory have suggested a potential role for antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (oligo(dn)s) as therapeutic agents in the treatment of human hepatitis b virus infection. as a first step towards assessing the potential utility of oligo(dn) in therapy, we have examined the organ distribution, stability and toxicity of a phosphorothioated oligo(dn) (s-oligo) of 20 nucleotides in length which was administered to mice via different routes. among the various organs ... | 1992 | 1576329 |
| co-expression of markers for hepatitis delta and hepatitis b viruses in human liver. | delta hepatitis (hdv) infection can only occur in the presence of hepatitis b (hbv) infection, as hdv requires a coat of hbv surface antigen (hbsag) for assembly of complete virus. a number of studies have examined the variation of hbv markers in serum and liver during establishment of hdv infection, but none has systematically examined the relationship between the two viruses in individual hepatocytes. liver biopsies from five patients with hdv/hbv infection were stained for hbsag, hbv core ant ... | 1992 | 1577410 |
| prevalence of four blood-borne viruses (hbv, hcv, htlv-i, hiv-1) among haemodialysis patients in japan. | to investigate the prevalence of four blood-borne viruses among a cohort of haemodialysis (hd) patients in japan, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv), antibody to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type-i (anti-htlv-i), and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (anti-hiv-1) were studied in the sera from 393 consecutive hd patients and in the sera from 786 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals from the general population (controls). the prevalen ... | 1992 | 1578219 |
| occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus: a comparative analysis of risk. | to estimate the occupational risk from infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in terms of loss of (quality-adjusted) life expectancy, and to compare that risk to those posed by other hazards faced by health care workers. | 1992 | 1580297 |
| replication of hepatitis b virus in differentiated adult rat hepatocytes transfected with cloned viral dna. | the possibility of obtaining expression of human hepatitis b virus (hbv) genes and production of virus particles in normal liver cells from heterologous species like normal adult rat hepatocytes, by transfecting the complete hbv genome, was investigated. various techniques for hepatocyte transfection were assayed including the usual calcium-phosphate coprecipitation technique, the pasco and fagan modified calcium-phosphate procedure, and the lipofection technique. transfection efficiency was det ... | 1992 | 1583471 |
| an hbv large surface antigen protein which can be secreted from mammalian cells. | the n-terminal 54 base pairs (encoding amino acid residues 2-19) within the pres1 region of the human hepatitis b virus surface antigen gene were deleted by site-directed mutagenesis. unlike the wild type large surface antigen protein, when this mutated gene was expressed in monkey kidney cell line cos-m6, the protein product (s301 protein) could be secreted from the cells. moreover, the inhibition of the secretion of the major surface antigen protein by this altered large surface antigen protei ... | 1992 | 1590920 |
| [hepatitis a to e: symptoms, clinical aspects, prognosis]. | symptoms of acute viral hepatitis during the prodromal period are non-diagnostic. icteric periods are rare in acute hepatitis c, but frequent in patients with hepatitis a and e. clinically, the liver is palpable in 70 to 90%, whereas the spleen is rarely augmented (5 to 10%). the various forms of acute hepatitis can not be distinguished clinically. the prognosis depends on the type of the virus (mutant?) and the immune reaction of the organism. cases of chronic hepatitis are unknown following ac ... | 1992 | 1604095 |
| specific inhibition of hepatitis b viral gene expression in vitro by targeted antisense oligonucleotides. | a 21-mer oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to the polyadenylation signal for human hepatitis b virus (hbv) was complexed to a soluble dna-carrier system that is targetable to hepatocytes via asialoglycoprotein receptors present on those cells. a cell line, hepg2 (2.2.15) that possesses asialoglycoprotein receptors and is permanently transfected with hepatitis b virus (ayw subtype) was exposed to complexed antisense dna or controls. in the presence of complexed antisense dna, the concentration o ... | 1992 | 1618751 |
| characterization of private and cross-reactive idiotypes associated with human antibodies to hepatitis b surface antigen. | four mouse monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-id) were generated against human monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). these monoclonal anti-id, along with a polyclonal anti-id raised in rabbits, were used to characterize the idiotype (id) specificity of the human antibody response to hbsag (anti-hbs). the anti-id reagents identified distinct private and cross-reactive id expressed on monoclonal and polyclonal human anti-hbs preparations respectively. ... | 1992 | 1622892 |
| management of occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens: hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, and human immunodeficiency virus. | being a health care worker in today's world is not without risks. accidental exposure to blood carries with it a definite risk of transmission of infection by various bloodborne pathogens, especially the hepatitis b, hepatitis c, and human immunodeficiency viruses. while infectious disease specialists, hospital epidemiologists, and infection control clinicians can develop many important strategies to reduce this risk--aggressive training, utilization of safer needles, identification of high-risk ... | 1992 | 1623073 |
| detection of hepatitis b virus dna in serum by a nonisotopic hybridization technique. | we developed a nonisotopic technique, hepagene, for measuring hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in human serum by using a sulfonated probe that is detected by a sandwich immunoenzymatic reaction. the detection limit, determined by serum dilution tests, was 2.5 ng/l. the precision of the hepagene test was demonstrated by the accurate reproducibility observed for low (3 ng/l) and medium (38 ng/l) concentrations of hbv dna assayed in 24 different series. specificity was established by assaying hbv dna in ... | 1992 | 1623604 |
| compliance with infection control procedures among california orthodontists. | we conducted a survey of a random sample of california orthodontists and of general dentists to compare their infection control procedures. questionnaires were returned by 124 orthodontists (56% response rate) and 126 general dentists (61% response rate). eighteen questions were asked covering practice profile, perception of risk from hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), exposure to blood, barrier protection used, and sterilization and disinfection procedures. gloves a ... | 1992 | 1626533 |
| the changing pattern of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in intravenous drug users. results of a six-year seroprevalence study in palermo, italy. | a cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study was carried out between 1985 and 1990 in 1,567 heterosexual intravenous drug users who had been seen at the aids regional reference center in palermo, italy, to evaluate the rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroprevalence in this group and its long-term trend. sixty serum samples collected from drug users in 1980 and 1983, before the founding of the center (1985), were tested as well. some demographic and behavioral risk factors were s ... | 1992 | 1626537 |
| seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 among pregnant women. | five (0.74%) of 678 women delivering in 1985 at a tertiary referral hospital for high-risk pregnancies and 16 (1.34%) of 1198 women visiting an urban prenatal obstetrics clinic in 1986-1987 had serologic evidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. unlinked testing (removal of personal identifiers from the blood specimen and the epidemiologic data sheet) of residual serum from hepatitis b virus serologic testing was used. neither age, marital status, payor status, nor serol ... | 1992 | 1627222 |
| the low risk of hepatitis c virus transmission among sexual partners of hepatitis c-infected hemophilic males: an international, multicenter study. | to study the transmission rate of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in the female sexual partners of antibody-positive hemophilic males, 106 partners from three hemophilia centers located in europe, america, and australia were tested for hcv seropositivity using a first-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa-1) and, subsequently, a second-generation elisa (elisa-2) and a supplemental recombinant immunoblot assay. additionally, the cohort was tested for the presence of antibody to the human im ... | 1992 | 1627805 |
| new developments in serologic screening of corneal donors for hiv-1 and hepatitis b virus infections. | the authors evaluated different methods to serologically screen potential cadaveric corneal donors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections. | 1992 | 1630777 |
| aflatoxins in animal and human health. | aflatoxins remain as a threat to the health of livestock as well as humans by their continuing intermittent occurrence in both feeds and foods. the finding that aflatoxin-contaminated feeds, and eventually purified aflatoxins, were carcinogenic in rats and trout initiated a multitude of studies in search of the role of these toxins in human liver disease, especially cancer. although aflatoxins have caused acute liver disease in humans, epidemiologic evidence of the involvement of aflatoxins in p ... | 1992 | 1631352 |
| immune tolerance to a defined heterologous antigen after intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation: implications for gene therapy. | development of a host immune response against gene products expressed by genetically modified cells could be a serious limitation for gene therapy. during examination of whether site-specific differences in antigen presentation could regulate the host immune response, we observed an absence of antibodies against hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag) when hbsag producing transgenic hepatocytes were transplanted into the spleen. intrasplenic transplantation resulted in translocation of a large ... | 1992 | 1634046 |
| [prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection, hepatitis b virus and syphilis in full term pregnancy]. | the estimation of the frequency of infection by hiv, hepatitis b virus and syphilis in unselected populations of full-term pregnancy is useful for epidemiologic surveillance of these diseases and for decision marking in prenatal detection. | 1992 | 1635393 |
| guidelines for reducing the risk of disease transmission in the psychophysiology laboratory. spr ad hoc committee on the prevention of disease transmission. | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) pandemic has highlighted the need for safeguards against the inadvertent transmission of infectious disease in the psychophysiology laboratory. these guidelines identify factors contributing to the risk of bloodborne disease transmission to subjects or technicians, and recommend procedures to minimize such risk, given current knowledge and techniques. the lowest risk is associated with the application of devices, such as surface electrodes, to nonabr ... | 1992 | 1635955 |
| the pres1 domain of hepatitis b virus and iga cross-react in their binding to the hepatocyte surface. | using a solid-phase assay we have demonstrated specific competition between the pres1 sequence of hepatitis b virus and human iga in their binding to isolated normal human liver plasma membranes, suggesting molecular mimicry. monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against virus and iga epitopes were used to detect and map immunological cross-reactivity to the virus sequence involved in liver cell binding. these findings suggest the existence of a common receptor or of closely related recept ... | 1992 | 1645141 |
| full-length and truncated versions of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) x protein (px) transactivate the cmyc protooncogene at the transcriptional level. | the products of the human hepatitis b virus (hbv) and woodchuck hepatitis b virus x genes (pxs) transactivate homologous and heterologous genes including the hbv-x and core promoters, the human immunodeficiency viruses 1 (hiv-1) and 2 (hiv-2) long terminal repeats and the beta interferon regulatory sequences. we report here that px is also able to influence the expression of both extrachromosomal transfected c-myc regulatory sequences and endogenous c-myc gene. px acts by increasing transcriptio ... | 1991 | 1645550 |
| development of immunogenic recombinant oka varicella vaccine expressing hepatitis b virus surface antigen. | recombinant oka varicella vaccine expressing hepatitis b virus (hbv) surface antigen (hbs) was constructed by inserting the hbs gene into the viral thymidine kinase (tk) gene and was examined for its immunogenicity in guinea-pigs. the hbs gene encoding 25 amino acids of pres2 and the whole of the s region was inserted into the tk gene of the cloned plasmid. the chimeric plasmid dna and oka varicella vaccine dna were cotransfected and recombinant virus was isolated after immunofluorescence screen ... | 1991 | 1646279 |
| chronic active hepatitis b. interferon-activated natural killer-like cells against a hepatoma cell line transfected with the hepatitis b virus nucleic acid. | in a rapid 51cr release assay, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 healthy donors did not lyse the hepatitis b virus deoxyribonucleic-acid-transfected human hepatoma cell line 2.2.15, but under the same experimental conditions they did lyse k562 cells. peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 out of 16 patients with chronic active hepatitis b exhibited cytotoxic activity against 2.2.15 cells in the presence of a relatively reduced natural killer cell activity to the k562 cell target. en ... | 1991 | 1646927 |
| abnormalities of chromosome 1 and loss of heterozygosity on 1p in primary hepatomas. | cytogenetic analysis of eight human hepatoma-derived cell lines and one primary hepatocellular carcinoma biopsy revealed multiple chromosome abnormalities; however, only chromosome 1 was consistently affected by rearrangements. pseudopolysomy 1 as well as chromosome 1 deletions and/or translocations that resulted in loss of the distal 1p region from at least one copy of chromosome 1 were observed in all but one of the cell lines analysed. molecular analyses of tumor-derived and normal genomic dn ... | 1991 | 1646986 |
| recommendations for preventing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus to patients during exposure-prone invasive procedures. | this document has been developed by the centers for disease control (cdc) to update recommendations for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) in the health-care setting. current data suggest that the risk for such transmission from a health-care worker (hcw) to a patient during an invasive procedure is small; a precise assessment of the risk is not yet available. this document contains recommendations to provide guidance for prevention of hi ... | 1991 | 1648165 |
| [localization of c-myc gene protein in hepatoma cells]. | localization of c-myc gene protein was investigated in human hepatoblastoma cells (hep g2) and its derived tumor tissue in nude mice by using immunohistochemical method. revealing by double staining technique, c-myc protein was located in the nuclei of tumor cells at a site different from where the nucleic acid accumulated but disappeared in the mitotic nucleus. it was confirmed to be in the nuclei, next to the chromatin by immunoelectron microscopy. this pattern was not influenced by hbsag expr ... | 1991 | 1648457 |
| the significance of antibody to hepatitis c virus in patients with chronic hepatitis b. | we assessed the prevalence and clinical significance of antibodies to hepatitis c virus among a cohort of 148 patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection. sixteen patients (11%) had anti-hepatitis c virus detectable by enzyme-linked immunoassay. the results from eight of these patients were positive by recombinant immunoblot assay. the results of recombinant immunoblot assay testing were not consistent; therefore the analysis of the patients' data was based on anti-hepatitis c virus enzyme ... | 1991 | 1648540 |
| medical evaluation of internationally adopted children. | despite many reports of medical illness in children adopted from abroad, there are currently no accepted guidelines for medical evaluation of this population. | 1991 | 1649404 |