| development and evaluation of a database of dietary bioaccumulation test data for organic chemicals in fish. | dietary bioaccumulation tests for fish have been conducted for about 40 years. standardized test guidance has recently been developed. test metrics of primary scientific and regulatory interest are the whole body depuration rate constant (kt), whole body growth corrected depuration rate constant (ktg), and corresponding chemical half-lives (t1/2 and t1/2g), dietary chemical absorption efficiency (ae), and biomagnification factor (bmf). a database of 3032 measurement end points for 477 discrete o ... | 2015 | 25821900 |
| genomic variation in the hybrids of white crucian carp and red crucian carp: evidence from ribosomal dna. | in this study, we conducted a cross of white crucian carp (♀)×red crucian carp (♂) (wr), and characterized the morphology, reproduction and genetics of the progeny. different from parents, wr with the gray color showed the hybrid morphological traits of both parents. wr possessed normal gonads producing mature eggs or sperm, and exhibited high fertilization rate (90.2%) and high hatchery rate (80.5%), which contributed to produce and enlarge the population. wr with the same dna content as parent ... | 2015 | 25804929 |
| de novo assembly and characterization of the spleen transcriptome of common carp (cyprinus carpio) using illumina paired-end sequencing. | common carp (cyprinus carpio) is one of the most important aquacultured species of the family cyprinidae, and breeding this species for disease resistance is becoming more and more important. however, at the genome or transcriptome levels, study of the immunogenetics of disease resistance in the common carp is lacking. in this study, 60,316,906 and 75,200,328 paired-end clean reads were obtained from two cdna libraries of the common carp spleen by illumina paired-end sequencing technology. total ... | 2015 | 25804493 |
| fat-associated lymphoid cluster in cyprinus carpio: characterisation and its relation with peritoneal haemangiosarcoma. | falc cells are natural helper cells producing th2-type cytokines, which express c-kit, sca-1, il7r and cd45 in mouse and human. these cells are involved in allergic responses and contribute to the inflammatory reactions of adipose tissue; however, a lack of information prevails about the presence of these cells in other species. the aim of the study was to identify and characterise falc cells in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) using immunohistochemistry and molecular biology techniques as well ... | 2015 | 25804491 |
| maintaining economic value of ecosystem services whilst reducing environmental cost: a way to achieve freshwater restoration in china. | freshwater fisheries are central to food security in china and this remains one of the most important priorities for the growing human population. thus, combining ecosystem restoration with economics is pivotal in setting successful conservation in china. here, we have developed a practical management model that combines fishery improvement with conservation. for six years, a ban on fertilizer and a reduction of planktivorous fish stocking along with the introduction of both mandarin fish sinipe ... | 2015 | 25803696 |
| development of a regulatory testing procedure to study the metabolism of pesticides in farmed fish. | diets used in commercial fish farming use significant proportions of crop-derived commodities, and it is important to understand the potential for transfer of any pesticide residues on the crop into edible tissues in fish. it is a current requirement in the eu that fish metabolism studies must be performed when a pesticide is used in crops where commodities or processed fractions are fed to farmed fish. fish metabolism studies in both rainbow trout and common carp have been carried out, followin ... | 2016 | 25800530 |
| use of droplet digital pcr for estimation of fish abundance and biomass in environmental dna surveys. | an environmental dna (edna) analysis method has been recently developed to estimate the distribution of aquatic animals by quantifying the number of target dna copies with quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr). a new quantitative pcr technology, droplet digital pcr (ddpcr), partitions pcr reactions into thousands of droplets and detects the amplification in each droplet, thereby allowing direct quantification of target dna. we evaluated the quantification accuracy of qpcr and ddpcr to estimate speci ... | 2015 | 25799582 |
| a mathematical model of the carp heart ventricle during the cardiac cycle. | the poikilothermic heart has been suggested as a model for studying some of the mechanisms of early postnatal mammalian heart adaptations. we assessed morphological parameters of the carp heart (cyprinus carpio l.) with diastolic dimensions: heart radius (5.73mm), thickness of the compact (0.50mm) and spongy myocardium (4.34mm), in two conditions (systole, diastole): volume fraction of the compact myocardium (20.7% systole, 19.6% diastole), spongy myocardium (58.9% systole, 62.8% diastole), trab ... | 2015 | 25797310 |
| erratum to: anti-carp antibodies as promising marker to measure joint damage and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | | 2015 | 25796173 |
| collagen/chitosan film containing biotinylated glycol chitosan nanoparticles for localized drug delivery. | the objective of this study was to design a drug delivery system consisting of biotinylated cholesterol-modified glycol chitosan (bio-chgc) nanoparticles and fish collagen/chitosan (col/ch) film for localized chemotherapy. bio-chgc was synthesized, and then its self-assembled nanoparticles were prepared by probe sonication. doxorubicin (dox)-loaded bio-chgc (dbc) nanoparticles prepared by dialysis had spherical shape, and their sizes were in the range of 330-397 nm. col/ch/dbc nanoparticle films ... | 2015 | 25784300 |
| sterile 'judas' carp--surgical sterilisation does not impair growth, endocrine and behavioural responses of male carp. | use of 'judas' fish to betray the locations of conspecifics is a powerful tool in management of invasive pest fish but poses a risk of contributing to recruitment. our aim therefore was to generate surgically sterilised male common carp (cyprinus carpio) and test whether they readily assimilate into wild populations, retain sexual behaviour and successfully betray the locations of feral carp. male common carp were surgically sterilised (n=44) adopting a two-point nip technique, using either a ha ... | 2015 | 25776462 |
| [seasonal fluctuations of migratory activity of vertebrate nuclear hemocytes at different incubation temperatures]. | agarose migration test has shown that nuclear erythrocytes of cyprinus carpio, rana ridibunda, and gallus domesticus are capable for spontaneous locomotions. the migration of red blood cells from frogs is associated with formations of long pseudopodia, whereas that from carps and hens--with short protrusions. it has been shown that migratory activity of nuclear erythrocytes and leukocytes from rana ridibunda and gallus domesticus under effect of temperature in vitro had seasonal nature, while th ... | 2015 | 25775857 |
| identification and comparison of gonadal transcripts of testis and ovary of adult common carp cyprinus carpio using suppression subtractive hybridization. | the limited number of gonad-specific and gonad-related genes that have been identified in fish represents a major obstacle in the study of fish gonad development and sex differentiation. in common carp cyprinus carpio from china's yellow river, the ovary and testis differ in volume and weight in adult fish of the same age. comparing sperm, egg, and somatic cell transcripts in this carp may provide insight into the mechanisms of its gonad development and sex differentiation. in the present work, ... | 2015 | 25772851 |
| effect of semen extender supplementation with cysteine on postthaw sperm quality, dna damage, and fertilizing ability in the common carp (cyprinus carpio). | amino acids have an important biological role for prevention of cell damage during cryopreservation. the objective of this study is to determine the effects of cysteine on postthaw sperm motility, duration of sperm motility, dna damage, and fertility in the common carp (cyprinus carpio). sperm collected from 10 individuals was cryopreserved in extenders containing different cysteine concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mm). semen samples diluted at the ratio of 1:9 by the extenders were subjected ... | 2015 | 25772850 |
| targeted inhibition of ankrd1 disrupts sarcomeric erk-gata4 signal transduction and abrogates phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. | accumulating evidence suggest that sarcomere signalling complexes play a pivotal role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by communicating stress signals to the nucleus to induce gene expression. ankyrin repeat domain 1 (ankrd1) is a transcriptional regulatory protein that also associates with sarcomeric titin; however, the exact role of ankrd1 in the heart remains to be elucidated. we therefore aimed to examine the role of ankrd1 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophic signalling. | 2015 | 25770146 |
| physiological and molecular responses in brain of juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) following exposure to tributyltin. | tributyltin (tbt), as antifouling paints, is widely present in aquatic environment, but little is known regarding the toxicity of tbt on fish brain. in this study, the effects of exposure to tbt on the antioxidant defense system, na(+) -k(+) -atpase activity, neurological enzymes activity and hsp 70 protein level in brain of juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) were studied. fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of tbt (5, 10 and 20 μg/l) for 7 days. based on the results, with increasi ... | 2016 | 25761124 |
| reorganization of low-molecular-weight fraction of plasma proteins in the annual cycle of cyprinidae. | reorganization of the low-molecular-weight fraction of cyprinid plasma was analyzed using various electrophoretic techniques (disc electrophoresis, electrophoresis in polyacrylamide concentration gradient, in polyacrylamide with urea, and in sds-polyacrylamide). the study revealed coordinated changes in the low-molecular-weight protein fractions with seasonal dynamics and related reproductive rhythms of fishes. we used cultured species of the cyprinidae family with sequenced genomes for the dete ... | 2015 | 25756535 |
| effects of prometryne on early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | toxicity of prometryne to early life stages of common carp was assessed. on the basis of accumulated mortality in the experimental groups lowest observed-effect concentration (loec) was estimated as 1100 µg/l; and no observed-effect concentration (noec) was 850 µg/l. fulton's condition factor was significantly lower than in controls in fish exposed to 4000 µg/l after 7, 14, and 21 days. by day 14, fish exposed to 4000 µg/l prometryne showed significantly lower mass and total length compared to c ... | 2015 | 25752431 |
| correction: the muscle ankyrin repeat proteins carp, ankrd2, and darp are not essential for normal cardiac development and function at basal conditions and in response to pressure overload. | | 2015 | 25747160 |
| alteration in the cytokine levels and histopathological damage in common carp induced by glyphosate. | glyphosate is one of the most frequently used herbicides, and it has been demonstrated to generate a series of toxicological problems in animals and humans. however, relatively little is known about the effects of glyphosate on the immune system of fish. in the present study, the acute toxicity of glyphosate on common carp was first determined; then, the contents of interferon-γ (ifn-γ), interleukin-1β (il-1β), and tumor necrosis factor -α (tnf-α) and histopathological alterations in the liver, ... | 2015 | 25747155 |
| optimization of demineralization on cyprinus carpio haematopterus scale by response surface methodology. | fish scale, separated during fish mechanical processing, can serve as an additional source of proteins, especially of collagen proteins. to obtain high purity native collagen, it is required to carry out deproteinization and demineralization of fish scales. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for demineralization of cyprinus carpio haematopterus scale without loss of collagen content in hcl solution. here, the demineralization of cyprinus carpio haematopterus ... | 2015 | 25745241 |
| effect of blend ratio and ph on the physical properties of edible composite films prepared from silver carp surimi and skin gelatin. | the effect of blend ratio and ph on the physical properties of surimi-gelatin composite films was investigated. tensile strength (ts), film water solubility and soluble proteins of composite films increased with the increasing proportion of gelatin, while elongation at break (eab) decreased. the ts of neutral films with the same ratio of surimi and gelatin were lowest, while increased at acidic or alkaline conditions. similar tendency was also found in protein solubility and surface hydrophobici ... | 2015 | 25745232 |
| study on heavy metal levels and its health risk assessment in some edible fishes from nansi lake, china. | eight heavy metals, namely cu, zn, fe, mn, cd, ni, pb, and as in the muscles of nine fish species collected from nansi lake, china. were determined, and the potential health risks to local residents via consumption of the fishes were estimated. the results of two-way anova that showed the concentrations of heavy metals in the investigated fish samples were influenced significantly by fish species and sampling sites. correlation analysis indicated that sampling sites had significant effects on th ... | 2015 | 25740685 |
| base composition of the danio chrysotaenitus complete mitochondrial genome. | in this study, 16 sets of primers were used to amplify contiguous, overlapping segments of the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of danio chrysotaenitus in order to characterize and compare their mitochondrial genomes. the total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,608 bp and deposited in the genbank with accession numbers kp407138. the organization of the mitochondrial genomes was similar to those reported from other mountain carp fishes mitochondrial genomes containing 37 genes (13 protei ... | 2016 | 25738218 |
| [the effects of geomagnetic storms on proteinase and glycosidase activities in fish intestinal mucosa]. | it has been demonstrated that the glycosidase activity of cyprinoid fishes (carp and crucian carp) exposed to a geomagnetic storm for up to 20 h considerably decreases; however, the proteinase activity is weakly altered (a statistically significant decrease in the enzyme activity has been observed only in fasting fish). an in vitro study of the effects of individual half hour intervals of the geomagnetic storm that correspond to the main and recovery phases on the same enzyme activities demonstr ... | 2016 | 25735168 |
| polymorphism analysis of the intron one of insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor gene (igf2r) in ffrc strain common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and its relationship with growth performance. | the insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor gene (igf2r) encodes a transmembrane protein receptor and acts to sequester and degrade excess circulating insulin-like growth factor 2, which is critical for normal mammalian growth and development. thus, igf2r may serve as a candidate gene underlying growth trait in the common carp. in this study, we isolated the intron one of common carp igf2r and detected the diversity in 3 continuous generations of ffrc strain common carp. a total of 8 loci were det ... | 2015 | 25729973 |
| cue-based and algorithmic learning in common carp: a possible link to stress coping style. | common carp that had been screened for stress coping style using a standard behavioural test (response to a novel environment) were given a learning task in which food was concealed in one of two compartments, its location randomised between trials and its presence in a given compartment signalled by either a red or a yellow light. all the fish learned to find food quickly, but did so in different ways. fifty five percent learned to use the light cue to locate food; the remainder achieved the sa ... | 2015 | 25725347 |
| [investigation of membrane permeability of carp spermatozoa for water molecules]. | the fundamentals of a photometry method for determination of membrane permeability of some fish spermatozoa for water molecules are presented. osmotic tolerance of carp spermatozoa membranes was studied using epr-spectroscopy and photometric analysis methods. it was shown that carp spermatozoa look like the ideal osmometers in their reaction on media of different osmolarity. the value of membrane permeability of carp spermatozoa for water molecules was determined. data obtained can be used in cr ... | 2015 | 25715589 |
| phosphorylation-independent suppression of light-activated visual pigment by arrestin in carp rods and cones. | visual pigment in photoreceptors is activated by light. activated visual pigment (r*) is believed to be inactivated by phosphorylation of r* with subsequent binding of arrestin. there are two types of photoreceptors, rods and cones, in the vertebrate retina, and they express different subtypes of arrestin, rod and cone type. to understand the difference in the function between rod- and cone-type arrestin, we first identified the subtype of arrestins expressed in rods and cones in carp retina. we ... | 2015 | 25713141 |
| mitochondrial genome sequencing and development of genetic markers for the detection of dna of invasive bighead and silver carp (hypophthalmichthys nobilis and h. molitrix) in environmental water samples from the united states. | invasive asian bighead and silver carp (hypophthalmichthys nobilis and h. molitrix) pose a substantial threat to north american aquatic ecosystems. recently, environmental dna (edna), genetic material shed by organisms into their environment that can be detected by non-invasive sampling strategies and genetic assays, has gained recognition as a tool for tracking the invasion front of these species toward the great lakes. the goal of this study was to develop new species-specific conventional pcr ... | 2015 | 25706532 |
| bioconcentration and trophic transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in aquatic animals from an e-waste dismantling area in east china. | eight aquatic biota species were collected from an e-waste dismantling area in east china to investigate bioconcentration and trophic transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs). the mean concentrations of pcbs varied widely from 6.01 × 10(4) to 2.27 × 10(6) pg per g dry weight (dw). the ∑25pcb concentrations in eels were significantly higher than those in other species. the levels of pcdd/fs changed from 8.13 ... | 2015 | 25689167 |
| effect of dietary glutamine on growth performance, non-specific immunity, expression of cytokine genes, phosphorylation of target of rapamycin (tor), and anti-oxidative system in spleen and head kidney of jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). | this study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary glutamine on the growth performance, cytokines, target of rapamycin (tor), and antioxidant-related parameters in the spleen and head kidney of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). fish were fed the basal (control) and glutamine-supplemented (12.0 g glutamine kg(-1) diet) diets for 6 weeks. results indicated that the dietary glutamine supplementation improved the growth performance, spleen protein content, serum complement 3 ... | 2015 | 25675866 |
| effect of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin on cryosurvival and fertility of cryopreserved carp (cyprinus carpio) sperm. | addition of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (clc) to the diluents of mammalian semen increased stability and rigidity of phospholipid hydrocarbon chains of plasma membrane during sperm cryopreservation process. clc has been tested successfully as cryoprotectant in various livestock sperm cryopreservation protocols but its efficacy for cryopreserving of fish sperm has not previously been tested. in the present study, different cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin concentrations were evaluated for the ... | 2015 | 25661710 |
| immunomodulatory effect of arsenic on cytokine and hsp gene expression in labeo rohita fingerlings. | immune system is fundamental for survival of an organism against invading pathogens and other harmful agents. cytokines, the signaling proteins that are produced transiently after cell activation and exert pleiotropic effects on cells of the immune system, are important mediators of cell mediated immune response. when expressed in a dysregulated fashion cytokines can underlie either immunodeficient or immunopathologic states. heat shock proteins (stress proteins, hsps) are also key proteins, whi ... | 2015 | 25652292 |
| effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on oxidative stress-induced autophagy in the immune organs of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | atrazine (atr) and chlorpyrifos (cpf) are the most common agrochemical in the freshwater ecosystems of the world. this study assessed the effects of atr (4.28, 42.8 and 428 μg/l), cpf (1.16, 11.6 and 116 μg/l) and combined atr/cpf (1.13, 11.3 and 113 μg/l) on common carp head kidneys and spleens following 40 d exposure and 40 d recovery treatments. nitric oxide (no) content, activities of anti hydroxyl radical (ahr), anti superoxide anion (asa), peroxidase (pod) and inducible nitric oxide syntha ... | 2015 | 25652291 |
| inheritance of the complete mitochondrial genomes cyprinus capio furong(♀) × cyprinus carpio var.singguonensis(♂). | in this study, 15 sets of primers were used to amplify contiguous, overlapping segments of the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of c. capio furong(♀) × c. carpio var.singguonensis(♂) in order to characterize and compare their mitochondrial genomes. the total length of the mitochondrial genome was 16,581 bp and deposited in the genbank with the accession number kp210473. the organization of the mitochondrial genomes contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rna and 22 transfer rn ... | 2016 | 25648921 |
| genetic connectivity and phenotypic plasticity in the cyprinodont aphanius farsicus from the maharlu basin, south-western iran. | meristic and morphometric characteristics, including otolith data, of the farsi tooth-carp aphanius farsicus, which is endemic to the endorheic maharlu basin in south-western iran, were analysed for a sample of 92 individuals from four spring-streams; dna sequence data (cytochrome b gene) are presented for 29 specimens. some phenotypic variation was detected but the genetic data clearly indicate connectivity between the populations. possible links between phenotypic variation and environmental v ... | 2015 | 25644025 |
| the resurrection of myxobolus toyamai with a validation of a stunted polar capsule based on morphological evidence. | myxobolus toyamai has long been known as a gill parasite of the common carp cyprinus carpio in europe, asia and north america. recently, a controversy was raised regarding whether this organism was synonymous with thelohanellus toyamai because of ambiguity regarding the validity of the second stunted polar capsule. in the present study, detailed morphological examinations were conducted to reconfirm the presence of the small polar capsule of m. toyamai. the addition of potassium hydroxide or the ... | 2015 | 25640192 |
| effects of cylindrospermopsin on the phagocytic cells of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | cylindrospermopsin is a cyanotoxin with cytotoxic activity. it is released into water during and after cyanobacterial water blooms and thus poses a threat to the health of fish. there is very little information available concerning the effects of the toxin on fish immune cells. in this study, we assessed the potential impact of cylindrospermopsin on the basic functions of phagocytic cells from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.), including phagocytosis, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species producti ... | 2015 | 25639895 |
| anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte damage in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (glps) on carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced hepatocyte damage in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). glps (0.1, 0.3, 0.6mg/ml) were added to the primary hepatocytes before (pre-treatment), after (post-treatment) and both before and after (pre- and post-treatment) the incubation of the hepatocytes with ccl4 at the concentration of 8mm in the culture medium. the supernat ... | 2015 | 25639226 |
| resistance of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to oxidative stress after chloramine-t treatment is increased by microalgae carotenoid-rich diet. | in fish aquaculture, disinfectants are used against bacterial and protozoal infections. these compounds cause oxidative stress that may stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species, and subsequently the alteration in antioxidant systems of exposed organisms. antioxidants like carotenoids present in microalgae increase carp resistance to oxidative stress after chemical treatment. | 2014 | 25638369 |
| examining pyrethroids, carbamates and neonicotenoids in fish, water and sediments from the indus river for potential health risks. | this 3 × 3 factorial study assessed pyrethroids, carbamates and neonicotenoids groups of pesticides in replicated samples of three fish species from low (s1, reference), medium (s2) and heavy (s3) polluted sites receiving agricultural run-offs around the indus river. water and sediment samples from the same sites were also analysed for these pesticides by using high-performance liquid chromatography. out of nine investigated pesticides, only three pesticides (deltamethrin, carbofuran and cyperme ... | 2015 | 25632902 |
| alfaxalone as an intramuscular injectable anesthetic in koi carp (cyprinus carpio). | fish are commonly anesthetized with ms-222 (tricaine methanesulfonate), a sodium-channel-blocker used as an immersion anesthetic, but its mechanism of action as a general anesthetic is uncertain. alfaxalone is a neurosteroid that acts at the gaba(a) receptors. alfaxalone has been evaluated and was deemed successful as an immersion agent in koi carp. alfaxalone is an effective intramuscular anesthetic in multiple species. a reliable intramuscular anesthetic in fish would be useful in multiple set ... | 2014 | 25632673 |
| complete mitochondrial genome sequence of labeo fimbriatus (bloch, 1975). | the complete mitochondrial genome of labeo fimbriatus, the fringe-lipped carp, was determined for the first time. the genome was 16,614 bp in length and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, 2 rrna genes and one control region. organization of genes and their order are in accordance with other vertebrates. the overall base composition on the plus strand was a: 32.35%, g: 15.46%, c: 27.54%, t: 24.647%, and the a + t content 57%. the control region contains a microsatellite, (ta)12, ... | 2016 | 25629503 |
| temporal dynamics of a local fish community are strongly affected by immigration from the surrounding metacommunity. | a 5-year time series of annual censuses was collected from a large floodplain lake to determine how dynamics of the local fish community were affected by changes in hydrological connectivity with the surrounding metacommunity. the lake was disconnected from the metacommunity for 1 year prior to our study and remained disconnected until 3 months before our third annual census, when a flood reconnected the lake to the metacommunity. we determined how changes in connectivity affected temporal dynam ... | 2015 | 25628877 |
| effect of heat treatment on the n-3/n-6 ratio and content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish tissues. | the aim of this study was to compare the effect of different heat treatments (pan-frying, oven-baking, and grilling) on the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) in fish tissue. four fish species were examined: pike, carp, cod, and herring. high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with electrospray ionization and mass spectrometric detection (hplc/esi/ms), was employed for determination of intact lipid molecules containing n-3 and n-6 pufas. although mostly non-polar lipids (tri ... | 2015 | 25624225 |
| preparation of nanoemulsions containing unsaturated fatty acid concentrate-chitosan capsules. | fish oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids (ω-3), which are highly susceptible to oxidative degradation. the use of encapsulation process to retard the fatty acid oxidation is an interesting alternative. in this work, nanoemulsions containing capsules of unsaturated fatty acids concentrate (ufac) using chitosan as wall material were prepared and characterized. | 2015 | 25617613 |
| dbc1/ccar2 and ccar1 are largely disordered proteins that have evolved from one common ancestor. | deleted in breast cancer 1 (dbc1, ccar2, kiaa1967) is a large, predominantly nuclear, multidomain protein that modulates gene expression by inhibiting several epigenetic modifiers, including the deacetylases sirt1 and hdac3, and the methyltransferase suv39h1. dbc1 shares many highly conserved protein domains with its paralog cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (ccar1, carp-1). in this study, we examined the full-length sequential and structural properties of dbc1 and ccar1 from multiple species ... | 2014 | 25610865 |
| differential effects of alloherpesvirus cyhv-3 and rhabdovirus svcv on apoptosis in fish cells. | whilst herpesviridae, which infect higher vertebrates, actively influence host immune responses to ensure viral replication, it is mostly unknown if alloherpesviridae, which infect lower vertebrates, possess similar abilities. an important antiviral response is clearance of infected cells via apoptosis, which in mammals influences the outcome of infection. here, we utilise common carp infected with cyhv-3 to determine the effect on the expression of genes encoding apoptosis-related proteins (p53 ... | 2015 | 25596969 |
| anti-carbamylated protein antibodies are present prior to rheumatoid arthritis and are associated with its future diagnosis. | anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies could further elucidate early rheumatoid arthritis (ra) pathogenesis and predict clinical disease. we compared the diagnostic accuracy of anti-carp antibodies for future ra to other ra-related antibodies in military personnel. | 2015 | 25593232 |
| chemical composition and immunomodulatory effects of enzymatic protein hydrolysates from common carp (cyprinus carpio) egg. | the aim of this study was to prepare protein hydrolysates from underutilized common carp (cyprinus carpio) egg and to investigate their immunomodulatory effects in vivo. | 2015 | 25592018 |
| oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in liver of cyprinus carpio l. induced by intraperitoneal injection of microcystin-lr. | microcystins (mcs) are a group of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxic peptides produced by cyanobacteria. microcystins-lr (mc-lr) can inhibit the activities of protein phosphatase type 1 and type 2a (pp1 and pp2a) and induce excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ros). however, the detailed toxicological mechanism involving oxidative stress in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) remains largely unclear. in our present study, the effects of sublethal intraperitoneal doses of mc-lr on the oxidative st ... | 2015 | 25586193 |
| profiling of skeletal muscle ankrd2 protein in human cardiac tissue and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. | muscle-specific mechanosensors ankrd2/arpp (ankyrin repeat protein 2) and ankrd1/carp (cardiac ankyrin repeat protein) have an important role in transcriptional regulation, myofibrillar assembly, cardiogenesis and myogenesis. in skeletal muscle myofibrils, ankrd2 has a structural role as a component of a titin associated stretch-sensing complex, while in the nucleus it exerts regulatory function as transcriptional co-factor. it is also involved in myogenic differentiation and coordination of myo ... | 2015 | 25585647 |
| novel associations between contaminant body burdens and biomarkers of reproductive condition in male common carp along multiple gradients of contaminant exposure in lake mead national recreation area, usa. | adult male common carp were sampled in 2007/08 over a full reproductive cycle at lake mead national recreation area. sites sampled included a stream dominated by treated wastewater effluent, a lake basin receiving the streamflow, an upstream lake basin (reference), and a site below hoover dam. individual body burdens for 252 contaminants were measured, and biological variables assessed included physiological [plasma vitellogenin (vtg), estradiol-17β (e2), 11-ketotestosterone (11kt)] and organ [g ... | 2015 | 25583583 |
| chronic exposure to pollutants in madín reservoir (mexico) alters oxidative stress status and flesh quality in the common carp cyprinus carpio. | madín reservoir (mr) is located on the río tlalnepantla in mexico. previous studies seeking to identify pollutants at this site evidence that mr water contains a considerable metal load as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) at concentrations above those determined suitable for aquatic life. this study aimed to evaluate whether chronic exposure to pollutants in mr alters oxidative stress status and flesh quality in muscle of the common carp cyprinus carpio. the following biomar ... | 2015 | 25583264 |
| responses of the hepatic glutathione antioxidant defense system and related gene expression in juvenile common carp after chronic treatment with tributyltin. | recently, residual organotin compounds have generally been recognised as relevant sources of aquatic environmental pollutants. however, the effects of these contaminants on the glutathione (gsh)-antioxidant system of fishes have not been adequately studied. in the current study, the chronic effects of tributyltin (tbt) found within antifouling paints for ships, on the gsh antioxidant system and related gene expression in the liver of juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) were investigated. fish ... | 2015 | 25582114 |
| chronic effects of tributyltin on multiple biomarkers responses in juvenile common carp, cyprinus carpio. | in this study, the chronic toxic effects of tributyltin (tbt), an antifouling paints commonly present in surface and ground water, on morphological indices, reactive oxygen species (ros) generation, and atpase activity and heat shock protein (hsp) 70 protein in tissues (liver, gill, and white muscle) of common carp were investigated. fish were exposed at sublethal concentrations of tbt (75 ng/l, 0.75 μg/l, and 7.5 μg/l) for 60 days. when compared with the control, there was significant lower con ... | 2016 | 25573135 |
| protective effects of lycium barbarum polysaccharides against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in precision-cut liver slices in vitro and in vivo in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | the protective effects of lycium barbarum polysaccharides (lbps) against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in common carp were investigated in vitro and in vivo. precision-cut liver slices (pclss) were employed as an in vitro model system. lbps (0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/ml) was added to pclss culture system before (pre-treatment), after (post-treatment) and both before and after (pre- and post-treatment) the exposure of pclss to 12 mm ccl4. the supernatants and pclss were collected for bioc ... | 2015 | 25572856 |
| [the cloning of hif-2α gene and hydroxylation assay of hif-2α odd domain in naked carp from qinghai lake]. | | 2014 | 25571630 |
| assessment of pesticide residues and gene expression in common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos: health risk assessments. | this study assessed the impacts of atrazine (atr), chlorpyrifos (cpf) and combined atr/cpf exposure on the kidney of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the carp were sampled after a 40-d exposure to cpf and atr, individually or in combination, followed by a 40-d recovery to measure the expression levels of heat shock proteins genes (hsp60, hsp70 and hsp90) and pesticide residues in the kidney tissue. the results revealed that the mrna and protein levels of hsp60, hsp70 and hsp90 were induced in t ... | 2015 | 25568939 |
| [prevalence of sensitization to allergens in 1 139 patients with allergic rhinitis in zhengzhou area]. | to investigate the main allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in zhengzhou district. | 2014 | 25567444 |
| the in vitro immune modulatory effect of bisphenol a on fish macrophages via estrogen receptor α and nuclear factor-κb signaling. | bisphenol a (bpa) is a well-known environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical. employing primary macrophages from head kidney of red common carp (cyprinus carpio), the present study aimed to evaluate the immune modulatory effect of bpa and to explore its potential action mechanism associated with estrogen receptor (er) and nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) pathways. a dynamic response process was observed in macrophages upon various concentrations of bpa exposure, which significantly enhanced the antiba ... | 2015 | 25565130 |
| fullerene-associated phenanthrene contributes to bioaccumulation but is not toxic to fish. | the present study investigated the effects of aqueous fullerene suspensions (nc60 ) on the bioavailability and toxicity of phenanthrene (phe) to junior carp (cyprinus carpio). bioaccumulation factors (bafs) were calculated based on total as well as free concentrations of phe. equal baf values were obtained with and without nc60 based on the total concentrations, whereas greater bafs were found in the presence of nc60 when free phe concentrations were applied. the results demonstrated that nc60 c ... | 2015 | 25564991 |
| copper exposure induces toxicity to the antioxidant system via the destruction of nrf2/are signaling and caspase-3-regulated dna damage in fish muscle: amelioration by myo-inositol. | the muscle is the main portion of fish that is consumed by humans. copper (cu) can induce oxidative damage in fish muscle. however, the effects of cu exposure on the muscle antioxidant system and molecular patterns and preventive measures against these effects remain unclear. in this study, ros production, enzymatic and mrna levels of antioxidant enzymes and nf-e2-related factor 2 (nrf2) signaling-related molecules, antioxidant response element (are) binding ability, dna fragmentation and caspas ... | 2015 | 25562835 |
| the effect of reactive oxygen species on motility parameters, dna integrity, tyrosine phosphorylation and phosphatase activity of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) spermatozoa. | the effect of reactive oxygen species production on the motility parameters, dna integrity, acid phosphatase activity, and protein tyrosine phosphorylation in spermatozoa of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) was investigated. spermatozoa were exposed to different concentrations of xanthine and xanthine oxidase (x-xo) either in the presence or absence of antioxidants for 15 and 60 min. a dose- and time-dependent reduction in spermatozoa motility and velocity was observed. comet assays showed a dr ... | 2015 | 25556750 |
| genome wide identification, phylogeny and expression of zinc transporter genes in common carp. | zinc is an essential trace element in organisms, which serves as a cofactor for hundreds of enzymes that are involved in many pivotal biological processes including growth, development, reproduction and immunity. therefore, the homeostasis of zinc in the cell is fundamental. the zinc transporter gene family is a large gene family that encodes proteins which regulate the movement of zinc across cellular and intracellular membranes. however, studies on teleost zinc transporters are mainly limited ... | 2014 | 25551462 |
| effects of curcumin on antioxidative activities and cytokine production in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) with ccl4-induced liver damage. | we investigated the protective effects of curcumin on liver-damaged cyprinus carpio var. jian (jian carp). the carp were fed 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1.0% curcumin for 60 days, then injected intraperitoneally with 30% carbon tetrachloride solution. liver and blood samples were collected to measure the liver index, serum- and liver-associated enzymes, liver histology, nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb)/c-rel, interleukin-1β (il-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), and il-12 mrna expression, and the level of nf-κb/ ... | 2015 | 25549934 |
| kinematics modeling and simulation of a bionic fish tail system based on linear hypocycloid. | kinematics and simulation study on a two-joint linear hypocycloid tail driving system composed of a special planetary gear system and a linkage mechanism are conducted in this paper. first, the composition and working principle of the linear hypocycloid tail transmission system are introduced and analyzed. second, the kinematics study on the transmission mechanism is conducted with graphical method of vector equation. the relationships between the caudal peduncle stroke, the tail fin swing angle ... | 2015 | 27065747 |
| haematological effects of 2-phenoxyethanol and etomidate in carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | to evaluate the effects of handling alone versus handling under anaesthesia with 2-phenoxyethanol or etomidate on haematological parameters in carp. | 2015 | 25545607 |
| disturbance in z-disk mechanosensitive proteins induced by a persistent mutant myopalladin causes familial restrictive cardiomyopathy. | familial restrictive cardiomyopathy (frcm) has a poor prognosis due to diastolic dysfunction and restrictive physiology (rp). myocardial stiffness, with or without fibrosis, underlie rp, but the mechanism(s) of restrictive remodeling is unclear. myopalladin (mypn) is a messenger molecule that links structural and gene regulatory molecules via translocation from the z-disk and i-bands to the nucleus in cardiomyocytes. expression of n-terminal mypn peptide results in severe disruption of the sarco ... | 2014 | 25541130 |
| molecular characterization and expression of three preprosomatostatin genes and their association with growth in common carp (cyprinus carpio). | somatostatins (sss) are a structurally diverse family of peptides that play important roles in the regulation of growth, development and metabolism in vertebrates. in this study, three preprosomatostatin genes (psss) in the common carp, cyprinus carpio (cc) were identified and characterized. based on cloned sequences and genome blast, six isoforms of the pss gene in c. carpio (ccpss) were identified and included ccpss1a and ccpss1b, ccpss2a and ccpss2b, and finally, ccpss3a and ccpss3b. the open ... | 2015 | 25536408 |
| rdh13l, an enzyme responsible for the aldehyde-alcohol redox coupling reaction (al-ol coupling reaction) to supply 11-cis retinal in the carp cone retinoid cycle. | cone photoreceptors require effective pigment regeneration mechanisms to maintain their sensitivity in the light. our previous studies in carp cones suggested the presence of an unconventional and very effective mechanism to produce 11-cis retinal, the necessary component in pigment regeneration. in this reaction (aldehyde-alcohol redox coupling reaction, al-ol coupling reaction), formation of 11-cis retinal, i.e. oxidation of 11-cis retinol is coupled to reduction of an aldehyde at a 1:1 molar ... | 2015 | 25533474 |
| the compression anastomotic ring-locking procedure: a novel technique for creating a sutureless colonic anastomosis. | compression anastomoses might represent an improvement over traditional hand-sewn or stapled techniques. herein, we describe a novel concept of sutureless colonic anastomosis named compression anastomotic ring-locking procedure (carp). | 2015 | 25531546 |
| assessment of oxidative damage to dna, transcriptional expression of key genes, lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes in carp cyprinus carpio l. following exposure to chronic hypoxic and subsequent recovery in normoxic conditions. | in fish, a complex set of mechanisms deal with environmental stresses including hypoxia. in order to probe the hypothesis that hypoxia-induced stress could be manifested in varieties of pathways, a model species, mirror carp (cyprinus carpio), were chronically exposed to hypoxic condition (dissolved oxygen level: 1.80 ± 0.6 mg/l) for 21 days and subsequently allowed to recover under normoxic condition (dissolved oxygen level: 8.2 ± 0.5 mg/l) for 7 days. at the end of these exposure periods, an i ... | 2015 | 25527733 |
| short and long-term exposure to diclofenac alter oxidative stress status in common carp cyprinus carpio. | diclofenac (dcf) has been detected in significant amounts in municipal treated wastewater effluent. diverse studies report that trace concentrations of dcf may induce toxic effects on different aquatic organisms as well as developmental, reproductive and renal damage. this study aimed to determine whether short and long-term exposure to dcf alter the oxidative stress (os) status in blood, muscle, gills, brain and liver of common carp cyprinus carpio. the median lethal concentration of dcf at 96 ... | 2015 | 25512029 |
| overexpression of ankyrin repeat domain 1 enhances cardiomyocyte apoptosis by promoting p53 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in rodents. | the ankrd1 (ankyrin repeat domain 1) gene is known to be up-regulated in heart failure and acts as a co-activator of p53, modulating its transcriptional activity, but it remains inconclusive whether this gene promotes or inhibits cell apoptosis. in the present study, we attempted to investigate the role of ankrd1 on angii (angiotensin ii)- or pressure-overload-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. in the failing hearts of mice with pressure overload, the protein expression of ankrd1-encoded carp (car ... | 2015 | 25511237 |
| [effect of serotonin-modulated anticonsolidation protein on formation of long-term memory in carps cyprinus carpio in the model of active avoidance learning]. | effect of serotonin-modulated anticonsolidation protein (smap) that has property of disturbing formation of memory trace in mammals and of learning and memory in teleost fish was studied in the model of active avoidance learning. the experiment was performed in three stages: (1) fry of carps cyprinus carpio l. was injected intracerebrovenricularly with the smap protein at a dose of 0.3 μg/g; control individuals were administered with equal amount of the buffered saline for poikilothermic animals ... | 2014 | 25508936 |
| distribution and bioaccumulation of lead in the coastal watersheds of the northern bohai and yellow seas in china. | in this study, the concentration of lead ([pb]) in the surface water, sediments, soils and muscles of carp and crab in the upstream and downstream coastal watersheds along the northern bohai and yellow seas (nbys) in china was investigated and the risks of pb were evaluated. the mean [pb] in the downstream water (2.62 μg/l) and sediments [24.5 mg/kg, dry mass (dm)] was greater than the chinese seawater quality standard for class i (1 μg/l) and the regional background soil concentration (11.5 mg ... | 2015 | 25503512 |
| a novel posavirus-related single-stranded rna virus from fish (cyprinus carpio). | the complete genome sequence of a novel +ssrna virus, provisionally named fisavirus 1 (strain hal1/fisa-ssrnav, km434233), identified from a freshwater carp (cyprinus carpio), was determined using viral metagenomics and rt-pcr. the 8712-nt-long genome of hal1/fisa-ssrnav shares the same genome organization (i.e., a potential single orf and n-terminal hel-pro-pol replication domains followed by the structural proteins) and distant phylogenetic relationship to the currently unclassified posaviruse ... | 2015 | 25488292 |
| localization of α-synuclein in teleost central nervous system: immunohistochemical and western blot evidence by 3d5 monoclonal antibody in the common carp, cyprinus carpio. | alpha synuclein (α-syn) is a 140 amino acid vertebrate-specific protein, highly expressed in the human nervous system and abnormally accumulated in parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, known as synucleinopathies. the common occurrence of α-syn aggregates suggested a role for α-syn in these disorders, although its biological activity remains poorly understood. given the high degree of sequence similarity between vertebrate α-syns, we investigated this proteins in the central ... | 2015 | 25488013 |
| [effect of serotonin-modulated anticonsolidation protein on formation of long-term memory in carps cyprinus carpio in the model of active avoidance learning]. | effect of serotonin-modulated anticonsolidation protein (smap) that has property of disturbing formation of memory trace in mammals and of learning and memory in teleost fish was studied in the model of active avoidance learning. the experiment was performed in three stages: (1) fry of carps cyprinus carpio l. was injected intracerebrovenricularly with the smap protein at a dose of 0.3 μg/g; control individuals were administered with equal amount of the buffered saline for poikilothermic animals ... | 2014 | 25486805 |
| novel single nucleotide polymorphisms of the insulin-like growth factor-i gene and their associations with growth traits in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) plays an important role in the growth and development of vertebrates. to study polymorphisms of igf-i, we screened a total of 4555 bp of genomic sequences in four exons and partial introns for the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in common carp (cyprinus carpio). three snps (g.3759t>g, g.7627t>a and g.7722t>c) in intron 2 and a nonsynonymous snp (g.7892c>t) in exon 3 were identified in a pilot population including random parents and their pro ... | 2014 | 25486058 |
| g-protein coupled estrogen receptor (gper) inhibits final oocyte maturation in common carp, cyprinus carpio. | gpr-30, now named as gper (g protein-coupled estrogen receptor) was first identified as an orphan receptor and subsequently shown to be required for estrogen-mediated signaling in certain cancer cells. later studies demonstrated that gper has the characteristics of a high affinity estrogen membrane receptor on atlantic croaker and zebra fish oocytes and mediates estrogen inhibition of oocyte maturation in these two distantly related teleost. to determine the broad application of these findings t ... | 2015 | 25485460 |
| atrazine and chlorpyrifos exposure induces liver autophagic response in common carp. | under normal conditions, autophagy occurs at basal levels but can be induced rapidly in response to stress conditions and extracellular signals. increasing experimental evidence indicates that the expression of autophagy-related genes play very important roles in toxicology. atrazine (atr) and chlorpyrifos (cpf) are the most common agrochemical in the freshwater ecosystems of the world. this study assessed the effects of atr, cpf and combined atr/cpf exposure on the liver of common carp. carp we ... | 2015 | 25483372 |
| caffeine-induced ca(2+) oscillations in type i horizontal cell of carp retina: a mathematical model. | oscillations in intracellular free ca(2+) concentration ([ca(2+)]i) have been observed in a variety of cell types. in the present study, we constructed a mathematical model to simulate the caffeine-induced [ca(2+)]i oscillations based on experimental data obtained from isolated type i horizontal cell of carp retina. the results of model analysis confirm the notion that the caffeine-induced [ca(2+)]i oscillations involve a number of cytoplasmic and endoplasmic ca(2+) processes that interact with ... | 2014 | 25483284 |
| temperature effects on the fracture resistance of scales from cyprinus carpio. | in this investigation the fracture resistance of scales from cyprinus carpio was evaluated as a function of environmental temperature. tear specimens were prepared from scales obtained from three characteristic regions (i.e. head, mid-length and tail) of multiple fish. the fracture resistance was characterized in mode iii loading and over temperatures ranging from -150°c to 21°c. results showed that there was a significant reduction in tear resistance with decreasing temperature and the lowest r ... | 2015 | 25481741 |
| hepatoprotective effects of a chinese herbal formulation, yingchen decoction, on olaquindox-induced hepatopancreas injury in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). | in order to identify effective hepatoprotective herbs for clinical application in fish farming, 200 mg/kg olaquindox (ola) was added to a basal diet (group 1, control) to form ola diet (group 2), then 1.35, 2.7 and 5.4 % (w/w) of a chinese herbal formulation, yingchen decoction (ycd), were added to the ola diet to form three additional diets for groups 3, 4 and 5, respectively. a total of 375 juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) (52.12 ± 2.95 g/tail) were divided into five groups (trip ... | 2015 | 25477196 |
| improved methods for capture, extraction, and quantitative assay of environmental dna from asian bigheaded carp (hypophthalmichthys spp.). | indirect, non-invasive detection of rare aquatic macrofauna using aqueous environmental dna (edna) is a relatively new approach to population and biodiversity monitoring. as such, the sensitivity of monitoring results to different methods of edna capture, extraction, and detection is being investigated in many ecosystems and species. one of the first and largest conservation programs with edna-based monitoring as a central instrument focuses on asian bigheaded carp (hypophthalmichthys spp.), an ... | 2014 | 25474207 |
| impact of acute cd²⁺ exposure on the antioxidant defence systems in the skin and red blood cells of common carp (cyprinus carpio). | cd(2+)-induced oxidative stress and its effects on the expression of stress biomarkers and on macromolecule damage in the skin and blood of common carp were studied. both tissues play important roles in the defence mechanisms against external hazards, serving as an anatomical barrier and as connecting tissue between the organs. in the skin, the production of peroxynitrite anion and hydrogen peroxide was almost doubled after exposure to 10 mg/l cd(2+). the accumulation of these oxidant molecules ... | 2015 | 25471726 |
| allopolyploidization is not so simple: evidence from the origin of the tribe cyprinini (teleostei: cypriniformes). | the identification of allopolyploidization events benefits from molecular dating and divergence assessments of progenitor genomes. information on gene duplications only, either orthologs or paralogs, provides incomplete information. analyses of mitochondrial dna yield insights into matrilineal history, which may differ from patrilineal evolution. two important food and pet fishes, the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius sp.), appear to have experienced allotetraploidization som ... | 2014 | 25470283 |
| species-specific preferences of german recreational anglers for freshwater fishing experiences, with emphasis on the intrinsic utilities of fish stocking and wild fishes. | to answer the question, whether anglers have an intrinsic preference for stocking or a preference for catch outcomes (e.g. catch rates) believed to be maintained by stocking, a discrete choice experiment was conducted among a sample of anglers (n = 1335) in lower saxony, germany. after controlling for catch aspects of the fishing experience, no significant influence of two stocking attributes (stocking frequency and composition of the catch in terms of wild v. hatchery fishes) on the utility gai ... | 2014 | 25469949 |
| effect of different river flow rates on biomarker responses in common carp (cyprinus carpio). | the present study investigated effects of different river flow rates on basal activities of selected biomarkers and the occurrence of oxidative stress in the common carp (cyprinus carpio). juvenile carp were exposed to different river flow rates (5-120 cm/s) by caging for 3 weeks. after this period, one half of the fish were sacrificed and used for analysis. the other half received a single intraperitoneal injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-mc) and after 6 days were sacrificed and used for ana ... | 2015 | 25463866 |
| time and concentration dependency of macrogard® induced apoptosis. | in previous studies an effect of β-glucan on apoptosis in fish was noted and in this investigation we determine the time and concentration dependency of this effect. primary cell cultures of pronephric carp cells were incubated for 6, 24, 48 h with various concentrations ranging from 0 to 1000 μg/ml of macrogard(®) β-glucan. apoptosis was monitored via acridine orange staining. results indicate a clear effect of time and concentration on the induction of apoptosis in vitro, with only concentrati ... | 2015 | 25463286 |
| biological uptake and depuration of sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole in common carp (cyprinus carpio). | sulfonamides, a class of the most commonly used antibiotics, are being increasingly released into the aquatic environment and have recently caused considerable concerns. however, knowledge on their fate and ecotoxicological effects upon aquatic organisms is not understood yet. this work investigated mainly the bioconcentration kinetics (uptake/depuration) of sulfadiazine (sdz) and sulfamethoxazole (smz) in common carp (cyprinus carpio) by exposure in different concentrations under semi-static co ... | 2015 | 25462302 |
| effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on dna methylation in the brain and gonad of the common carp. | dna methylation is known to play an important role in the regulation of gene expression in animal. the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of atrazine (atr), chlorpyrifos (cpf) and combined atr/cpf exposure on dna methylation in the brain and gonad of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the carp were sampled after a 40-d exposure to cpf and atr, individually or in combination, followed by a 40-d recovery to measure the levels of global dna methylation and the expression of methy ... | 2015 | 25460047 |
| effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (bht) on the cryopreservation of common carp (cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa. | the aim of the present study was to test the effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (bht) on the cryopreservation of common carp spermatozoa. bht is widely used in the cryopreservation of the spermatozoa of different animal species and successfully sustains the characteristics of spermatozoa during freezing and thawing, but it has not previously been used with fish. after sampling, common carp spermatozoa were diluted with an extender composed of modified kurokura's extender, 10% dmso, and 10% egg ... | 2014 | 25459081 |
| production of inflammatory mediators and extracellular traps by carp macrophages and neutrophils in response to lipopolysaccharide and/or interferon-γ2. | neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages are crucial for the innate immune response against infections. they migrate into the focus of inflammation, where they efficiently bind, engulf and kill bacteria by proteolytic enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, reactive oxygen (ros) and nitrogen (rns) species. moreover, activated neutrophils and macrophages can form extracellular traps (ets). fish neutrophils and macrophages are morphologically, histochemically, and functionally similar to their mammalian ... | 2015 | 25453727 |
| water quality monitoring using abnormal tail-beat frequency of crucian carp. | fish are rapidly becoming favored as convenient sentinels for behavioral assays of toxic chemical exposure. tail-beat frequency (tbf) of fish is highly correlated with swimming speed, which has been used to detect toxicants. here we examined the effect on tbf of exposure to two chemicals, and evaluated the ability of this novel behavioral parameter to accurately monitor water quality. to further refine our approach, the wall-hitting rate (whr) was used to characterize behavioral avoidance after ... | 2015 | 25450932 |
| increased myocardial stiffness due to cardiac titin isoform switching in a mouse model of volume overload limits eccentric remodeling. | we investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms of diastolic dysfunction in pure volume overload induced by aortocaval fistula (acf) surgery in the mouse. four weeks of volume overload resulted in significant biventricular hypertrophy; protein expression analysis in left ventricular (lv) tissue showed a marked decrease in titin's n2ba/n2b ratio with no change in phosphorylation of titin's spring region. titin-based passive tensions were significantly increased; a result of the decreased n2 ... | 2015 | 25450617 |
| data-analytical stability of cluster-wise and peak-wise inference in fmri data analysis. | carp (2012) demonstrated the large variability that is present in the method sections of fmri studies. this methodological variability between studies limits reproducible research. | 2015 | 25445059 |