| blood-brain barrier damage in patients with bacterial meningitis: association with tumor necrosis factor-alpha but not interleukin-1 beta. | brain damage after meningeal infection could result from impairment of cerebral endothelial cell functions and disruption of blood-brain barriers. tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) produce many of their effects by acting on endothelial cells. this study correlates levels of tnf alpha and il-1 beta in paired cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum samples with the degree of blood-brain barrier damage, as manifested by csf to serum albumin quotient, in 48 patie ... | 1992 | 1634806 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid protein: mrna sequence analysis and expression from recombinant vaccinia virus vectors. | the nucleotide sequence of the mrna encoding the nucleocapsid (n) protein of bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) virus, strain 391-2, was determined. recombinant vectors containing a cdna of the complete n gene were constructed, and expression of the n protein in eukaryotic cells was demonstrated using two different vector systems. the brs virus n mrna was 1197 nucleotides in length, exclusive of poly(a), and had a single major open reading frame that encoded a polypeptide of 391 amino acids with ... | 1992 | 1634882 |
| [hodgkin's disease associated with behçet's disease]. | this paper reports a rare case of hodgkin's disease with sjögren syndrome in the course of behçet's disease. a 43-year-old man developed arthralgia of bilateral knees, ankles, elbows and wrists in may, 1988. he had hazy vision and was diagnosed as having iridocyclitis and chorioretinitis in february, 1989. gingival ulcer, penile ulcer, erythema nodosum on the right lower leg and superficial thrombophlebitis on the bilateral arms appeared in june, 1989. therefore, he was diagnosed as behçet's dis ... | 1992 | 1635171 |
| clarifying hib schedules. | | 1992 | 1635426 |
| vaccine-induced human antibody responses to the haemophilus influenzae b polysaccharide in severe combined immunodeficient mice engrafted with human leukocytes. | we examined the ability of severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice-human peripheral blood leukocyte (pbl) chimeras to respond to immunization with haemophilus influenzae b polysaccharide (hib ps) vaccines. two to 3 wk after pbl engraftment, human-pbl-scid mice, prepared with pbl from one of five adult donors, were immunized with free or protein-conjugated hib ps. antibody to hib ps was quantitated in preimmunization and postimmunization sera. before immunization, anti-hib ps antibody was det ... | 1992 | 1635839 |
| [eye infections--a red eye can indicate infection]. | | 1992 | 1636299 |
| molecular biology in diagnostic microbiology. pcr on mycobacterium leprae. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has already produced several hundreds of papers. alternative procedures for diagnostic purposes based on nucleic acid detection do exist but have until now found less application. problems with the pcr are discussed. it is proposed that the diagnostic microbiology laboratory has a section devoted to pcr for the diagnosis of diseases whose etiologic agent can "almost not" be cultured such as (for flanders) mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, toxoplasma ... | 1992 | 1636320 |
| [clinical pharmacology: current status and perspectives]. | in view of the ever increasing complexity of individualized pharmacotherapy, the study of new and potent drugs in man and the misuse and abuse of drugs, who-study group reports and a recent enquiry in belgium, france and w. germany stress that the development of clinical pharmacology is an absolute necessity for patients, physicians, health authorities, the pharmaceutical industry and society at large. it seems this development could be optimally achieved by setting up, within services of genera ... | 1992 | 1636323 |
| is beta-lactamase-producing bacteria of major importance for unfavourable development of acute otitis media? | | 1992 | 1636409 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin a and haemophilus influenzae type b endotoxin. effect on the inner ear and passage through the round window membrane of the chinchilla. | pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin a was applied to the round window membrane of the chinchilla in concentrations ranging from 1 microgram/ml to 1 mg/ml. haemophilus influenzae type b endotoxin (45,000 endotoxin units/ml) was applied in the same way. five animals were also subjected to blocking of the eustachian tube, 3 to 8 months earlier, resulting in serous otitis media and exotoxin a (1 mg/ml) was applied into the round window niche of these animals. effects on the inner ear was recorded with q ... | 1992 | 1636425 |
| amoxicillin/clavulanate therapy of respiratory tract infections: a microbiologic perspective. | the development of beta-lactamase-producing strains of the common respiratory tract pathogens hemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis has caused increasing resistance to a number of antimicrobial agents, including ampicillin and amoxicillin, that are traditionally used to treat respiratory tract infections. because antimicrobial therapy for upper and lower respiratory tract infections is usually empiric, an understanding of beta-lactamase-mediated resistance and its implications for anti ... | 1992 | 1638583 |
| antibodies to lipooligosaccharide of a brazilian purpuric fever isolate of haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius lack bactericidal and protective activity. | the immunological basis for protection against brazilian purpuric fever (bpf), a fulminant infection of young children associated with bacteremia with haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius, is unknown. candidate antigens to which protective antibodies may be directed include cell surface proteins and lipooligosaccharide (los). we studied the activity of antisera to los purified from a bpf h. influenzae biogroup aegyptius isolate. anti-los antisera contained anti-los antibody by enzyme immuno ... | 1992 | 1639509 |
| elevated body temperature restricts growth of haemophilus influenzae type b during experimental meningitis. | elevation of the environmental temperature appeared to counteract the temperature-depressing effects of urethane anesthetic and allowed rabbits intracisternally infected with haemophilus influenzae type b to mimic the development of a fever following infection. elevated core body temperature (greater than 39 degrees c) was associated with an inhibition of the growth of h. influenzae in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) during the first 12 h postinfection, whereas bacterial growth was essentially unrestr ... | 1992 | 1639514 |
| differences in the immunogenicity of three haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in infants. | to compare the immunogenicity of three haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccines in infants residing in different geographic areas. | 1992 | 1640282 |
| [environmental chemoprevention of haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. consequences of 2 indirectly related case pairs]. | background: within a few months we twice observed the following situation: in each of two different communities, a young child fell ill with meningitis caused by haemophilus influenzae type b (hib). one week later, a second case occurred in the same community. both patients had had no direct contact with each other. but each had an asymptomatic older sibling. these siblings attended the same kindergarten and had close contact with each other. the isolated hib strains were identical (capsular typ ... | 1992 | 1640949 |
| [antimicrobial sensitivity of haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from children]. | antibiotic susceptibility of 1308 haemophilus sp. strains isolated in children was evaluated over a 6-year period. based on their source and clinical presentation all strains were divided in three groups. the first group consisted of 1264 strains obtained by throat and nasal swab; the second of 30 mucosal strains isolated in children manifesting non-invasive infection and the third of 14 invasive strains, haemophilus influenzae(hi)tip b, isolated from blood, csf, pleural and synovial effusion. t ... | 1992 | 1641696 |
| ofloxacin, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone. results from a multicenter, national comparative activity surveillance study. the ofloxacin surveillance group. | ofloxacin, a newer broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, was evaluated against 6967 clinical isolates in a multicenter surveillance trial using a standardized disk diffusion method. thirty-five geographically diverse laboratories contributed zone diameter results for two (ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) to five (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, cefaclor, and cefixime) antimicrobial agents, depending on the site of infection. ofloxacin was determined to have the widest spectrum of activity and potent ... | 1992 | 1643819 |
| murray valley encephalitis acquired in western australia. | to report a recent fatal case of encephalitis associated with evidence of murray valley encephalitis virus infection, only the second fatality from this infection in western australia. | 1991 | 1645843 |
| new developments in vaccines. | | 1991 | 1647165 |
| mixed infection is common in children with respiratory adenovirus infection. | the presence of concomitant viral or bacterial infection was evaluated in 20 patients hospitalized for adenovirus infection of the middle or lower airways by using new serological methods for detection of both antigens and antibodies. adenovirus infection was identified by measurement of antibodies with complement fixation test or by direct detection of viral antigen in nasopharyngeal aspirates. mixed infection was present in 11 (55%) of the 20 patients. viral coinfection was demonstrated in fiv ... | 1991 | 1647644 |
| [haemophilus influenzae purulent pericarditis]. | a case of hemophilus influenzae type b pericarditis in a 2-yr-old infant is reported. the authors emphasize the interest of cardiac ultrasound and pulse doppler for diagnosis, the evaluation of hemodynamic consequences and follow-up. | 1991 | 1649442 |
| molecular cloning of two linked loci that increase the transformability of transformation-deficient mutants of haemophilus influenzae. | a plasmid containing a 13.3-kb insert (per194) was isolated from an ecori genomic library of haemophilus influenzae on the basis of its ability to increase the transformability of the transformation-deficient mutants com-78 and com-101. the plasmid failed to increase the transformability of the rec-1 and rec-2 mutants, indicating that the mutations producing the com-78 and com-101 phenotypes are distinct from those giving rise to the rec-1 and rec-2 phenotypes. the physical mapping of the cloned ... | 1991 | 1649818 |
| sxy-1, a haemophilus influenzae mutation causing greatly enhanced spontaneous competence. | a haemophilus influenzae strain carrying a competence-enhancing mutation (sxy-1) was selected by transformation of a mutagenized culture in exponential growth at low cell density, where spontaneous competence is very rare. under these conditions, sxy-1 cells spontaneously transformed 100 to 1,000 times more efficiently than wild-type cells. moreover, sxy-1 cells responded to all known competence-inducing treatments with further increases in transformation frequency. at high cell densities, sxy-1 ... | 1991 | 1653215 |
| (6r,8s)-(2-benzimidazolyl)hydroxymethylpenicillanic acids as potent antibacterial agents and beta-lactamase inhibitors. | (6r,8s)-(2-benzimidazolyl)hydroxymethylpenicillanic acids (1a-1x) are potent antibacterial agents and beta-lactamase inhibitors against gram-positive bacteria and haemophilus influenzae. the corresponding (6r,8r)-isomers (2a-2x), the 6,6-spiro benzimidazole-penam alcohol (3), (7r,9s)-(2-benzimidazolyl)hydroxymethylcephalosporanic acid (4), and 6 beta-(2-benzimidazolyl)aminopenicillanic acid (5) are much less active as antibacterials or beta-lactamase inhibitors. the syntheses and structure-activ ... | 1991 | 1655687 |
| clinical microbiology of azithromycin. | azithromycin contains an aza-methyl substitution in the 15-membered aglycone ring and as such it is the prototype antibiotic of the azalide class, similar in mechanism of activity to the macrolides. it demonstrates a broad spectrum of activity against many aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive species, and also inhibits a number of important aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative bacteria. significantly, azithromycin shows good activity against haemophilus influenzae, an organism against which older ... | 1991 | 1656736 |
| azithromycin and amoxicillin in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. | seventy-eight patients participated in this multicenter, third-party-blinded study comparing a single daily dose of azithromycin for 5 days (500 mg on day 1 followed by 250 mg/day for days 2-5) with amoxicillin (500 mg three times daily) for 10 days in the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis. a total of 38 evaluable patients contributed to the efficacy analysis. the overall clinical response rate was 100% for both antibiotics. the clinical cure rate, as determined by the investigato ... | 1991 | 1656739 |
| multicenter evaluation of azithromycin and cefaclor in acute lower respiratory tract infections. | this was a randomized, third-party-blinded, multicenter study that compared once-daily azithromycin (500 mg on day 1, followed by 250 mg on days 2-5) to cefaclor (500 mg three times daily for 10 days) in the treatment of patients with acute bronchitis or pneumonia. a total of 546 patients were entered into the study and 272 patients were evaluable for efficacy analysis. of these, 249 (176 azithromycin, 73 cefaclor) had bronchitis and 23 (15 azithromycin, 8 cefaclor) had pneumonia. the combined c ... | 1991 | 1656740 |
| isolation and characterization of a diuretic peptide from acheta domesticus. evidence for a family of insect diuretic peptides. | a diuretic peptide (acheta-dp) has been isolated from extracts of whole heads of the house cricket, acheta domesticus. the native peptide increases both cyclic amp production and the rate of fluid secretion by isolated malpighian tubules in vitro to an extent comparable with those responses obtained with supra-maximal amounts of crude extracts of corpora cardiaca. the primary structure of acheta-dp was established as a 46-residue amidated peptide: tgaqslsivapldvlrqrlmnelnrrrmrelqgsriqqnrqlltsi-n ... | 1991 | 1657035 |
| release of leukotriene b4 from human neutrophils after interaction with nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | opsonization of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae with antibody is critical for the interaction between the organism and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns). nontypeable h. influenzae opsonized in fresh antibody-positive serum induced the release of 42.5 +/- 17.9 ng of leukotriene b4 per ml from pmns after 20 min of incubation at 37 degrees c. on the other hand, opsonization of the organisms in fresh antibody-negative serum stimulated the release of significantly smaller amounts of leukot ... | 1991 | 1657784 |
| the in-vitro activity of temafloxacin compared with other antimicrobial agents. | temafloxacin, like other 4-quinolones, was highly active against most isolates of enterobacteriaceae. it was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin but approximately as active as ofloxacin and enoxacin. it was the most active of the quinolones against acinetobacter spp. and xanthomonas maltophilia but was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin against pseudomonas spp. temafloxacin was highly active against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and neisseria gonorrhoeae and was the most ... | 1991 | 1657855 |
| in-vitro activity of win 57273 compared to the activity of other fluoroquinolones and two beta-lactam antibiotics. | win 57273, a new fluoroquinolone, was four to 128-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria. the mic90 for staphylococcus aureus was 0.015 mg/l and for s. epidermidis, 0.03 mg/l. all lancefield group a, b, c, & g streptococci, streptococcus bovis and s. pneumoniae were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.06 mg/l compared to 0.5 mg/l for tosufloxacin and 2 mg/l for ciprofloxacin. for anaerobic bacteria win 57273 had an mic90 for bacteroides of 1 mg/l, and f ... | 1991 | 1657856 |
| gene localization, size, and physical map of the chromosome of streptococcus pneumoniae. | a physical map of the streptococcus (diplococcus) pneumoniae chromosome, which is circular and 2,270 kbp in circumference, has been constructed. the restriction enzymes apai, smai, and sacii were used to digest intact chromosomes, and the fragments were resolved by field inversion gel electrophoresis (fige). the digests produced 22, 20, and 29 fragments, respectively. the order of the fragments was deduced from southern blot hybridization of isolated labeled fragments to separated fragments of t ... | 1991 | 1657889 |
| evidence for a common molecular origin of the capsule gene loci in gram-negative bacteria expressing group ii capsular polysaccharides. | capsular polysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria contribute to a large extent to the pathogenicity of these organisms. we show here that the molecular organization of the capsule gene loci in different serogroups of neisseria meningitidis is similar to that of haemophilus influenzae and escherichia coli. a common molecular origin of the mechanisms of encapsulation is indicated by strong homology of the genes involved in transport of the capsular polysaccharides to the cell surface in all these ... | 1991 | 1659649 |
| picomolar concentrations of l-dopa stereoselectively potentiate activities of presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors to facilitate the release of endogenous noradrenaline from rat hypothalamic slices. | interactions between (-)-isoproterenol and dopa on the release of endogenous noradrenaline (na) evoked by electrical field stimulation (2 hz, alternative polarity) were studied in rat superfused hypothalamic slices in the presence of 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine, an inhibitor of l-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, and cocaine. isoproterenol (0.3-3 nm) facilitated the na release in a concentration-dependent manner, while 10 pm l-dopa alone produced no effect. this facilitation at 0.3-3 nm was potent ... | 1991 | 1660577 |
| simplified treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infection with azithromycin: a comparison with erythromycin and amoxycillin. european azithromycin study group. | in two randomized, multicentre studies azithromycin treatment (1.5 g in five or six doses over 5 days) was compared with erythromycin treatment (14 or 20 g in 28 or 40 doses over 7 or 10 days) and amoxycillin treatment (10.5 g in 21 doses over 7 days) in patients with acute respiratory tract infection. in the two separate studies, azithromycin gave complete clinical cure in 70% and 51%, respectively, of patients compared with in 60% of erythromycin- and 45% of amoxycillin-treated patients. eradi ... | 1991 | 1660824 |
| in vitro activity of commonly used oral antimicrobial agents against community isolates of respiratory pathogens. | the in vitro activity of ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefadroxil, cefaclor, cefuroxime (axetil), co-trimoxazole, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, erythromycin, and roxithromycin was tested against unselected isolates of s. pneumoniae (70), h. influenzae (93), and m. catarrhalis (46), cultured from clinically significant sputum samples of general practice patients. all isolates of s. pneumoniae were highly susceptible to ampicillin; cefadroxil and cefaclor were markedly less active ... | 1991 | 1661548 |
| spectrum of activity of azithromycin. | in recent years, a number of newer macrolides have been developed. one such antibiotic is azithromycin, which has a 15-membered ring structure and is classed as an azalide. the limitations of erythromycin and the discovery of pathogenic bacteria such as campylobacter, legionella and chlamydia species provide incentives to study the usefulness of newer antibiotics of this class. azithromycin has good activity against staphylococci, streptococci, moraxella catarrhalis and other rapidly growing pyo ... | 1991 | 1662624 |
| lack of emergence of significant resistance in vitro and in vivo to the new azalide antibiotic azithromycin. | in vitro experiments were performed in which 6 to 12 strains of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae and enterobacteriaceae were passaged nine times in sub-lethal concentrations of azithromycin or control antibiotics. streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus quickly became resistant to rifampin as the mic90 increased from 0.1 to greater than 50 micrograms/ml for both species. the mic90 of azithromycin, erythromycin, amoxicillin and cefaclor increased by t ... | 1991 | 1662628 |
| influence of the test medium on azithromycin and erythromycin regression statistics. | azithromycin and erythromycin disk test results were compared to mic values obtained in six different media. one hundred isolates were tested in triplicate, and geometric mean mics were plotted against arithmetic mean zone diameters and regression statistics calculated. the test media evaluated did not markedly influence mic values, but incubation in 5-7% co2 resulted in a two- to four-fold decrease in the activity of both drugs. for testing haemophilus influenzae and other species that need to ... | 1991 | 1662629 |
| in vitro activity of temafloxacin against gram-negative bacteria: an overview. | the in vitro activities of temafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin against gram-negative bacteria are compared. the 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic90s) of temafloxacin for respiratory pathogens such as haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria meningitidis, bordetella pertussis, and legionella pneumophila are less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml. temafloxacin is also active against bacterial agents of sexually transmitted diseases, including neisseria gonorrhoeae ... | 1991 | 1662890 |
| azithromycin: an interim analysis. | azithromycin, a novel azalide antibiotic structurally related to erythromycin, has been shown by in vitro studies to have similar activity to erythromycin against gram-positive pathogens but additionally to have increased activity against some gram-negative bacteria, notably haemophilus influenzae. azithromycin achieves excellent concentrations in tissues, polymorphonuclear leucocytes and alveolar macrophages, and has a prolonged tissue elimination half-life. these properties suggest that short- ... | 1991 | 1663467 |
| the in-vitro activity of tosufloxacin, a new fluorinated quinolone, compared with that of ciprofloxacin and temafloxacin. | tosufloxacin was highly active in vitro against most isolates of enterobacteriaceae. it was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin for most species but more active than temafloxacin. it was the most active agent against acinetobacter spp., xanthomonas maltophilia and some pseudomonas spp. but was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin against the fluorescent pseudomonads. tosufloxacin was highly active against strains of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and ... | 1991 | 1663930 |
| [epiphysis cerebri and depression (review)]. | | 1991 | 1664565 |
| the role of temafloxacin in the community setting: an overview. | the use of new quinolones has become established therapy for many community infections including urinary tract infection, genital infection, soft tissue infection and some forms of lower respiratory tract infection. however, there has been an undercurrent of anxiety concerning their efficacy in pneumococcal infections. temafloxacin has improved activity against pneumococci and its high oral bioavailability and excellent penetration into respiratory tissues now combine to provide a suitable profi ... | 1991 | 1664825 |
| the haemophilus influenzae capsulation gene cluster: a compound transposon. | the population of capsulate haemophilus influenzae is divided into two phylogenetic divisions. here we show that in division i strains the capsulation (cap) gene cluster lies between direct repeats of a novel insertion sequence (is)-like element, is1016. cap has apparently been mobilized in the chromosome as a compound transposon by is1016, and the repeats have provided a molecular substrate for reversible cap gene amplification, with augmentation of capsule production, through unequal homologou ... | 1991 | 1664907 |
| purification and characterization of ciguatoxins from moray eel (lycodontis javanicus, muraenidae). | viscera (48.3 kg) from moray eels (lycodontis javanicus) collected in a ciguatera endemic area were extracted and the ciguatoxins characterized. three major ciguatoxins, ctx-1, ctx-2 and ctx-3, were isolated and purified to homogeneity on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. several minor toxins were also detected. ctx-1 (490 micrograms) was comparable by both 1h nuclear magnetic resonance (1h nmr) and mass spectroscopy (mh+ m/z = 1111) to ciguatoxin isolated previously from mor ... | 1991 | 1665604 |
| in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (ci-978, at-4140, and pd 131501). a quinolone with high activity against gram-positive bacteria. | sparfloxacin (ci-978, at-4140 and pd 131501) is a new antimicrobial agent of the piperazinyl quinolone class. relative to other quinolones, it is a potent antistaphylococcal and antistreptococcal drug in vitro: the microbroth 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (mic90) (in microgram/ml) was 0.25 vs 26 methicillin-resistant and -sensitive coagulase-positive and -negative staphylococci and 20 streptococcus pneumoniae; 0.5 vs 20 strains each of s. pyogenes, s. agalactiae, and enterococcus faecalis ... | 1991 | 1665775 |
| [evaluation of the vaccination of 3-month-old infants with haemophilus influenzae type b (hi b) capsular polysaccharide conjugated to tetanus protein (prt-t) pediatric group of the lyon region]. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hi b) is responsible for severe invasive infections, particularly meningitis, in children under 5 years of age, with the greatest frequency between 6 and 18 months. the antigenicity of hib is related to its capsular polysaccharide (polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate or prp) which is at the origin of the production of bactericide anti-prp antibodies. vaccine using prp alone have been shown to be well tolerated and immunogenic, but only in children above 2 years of age. w ... | 1991 | 1667038 |
| new macrolides: expanded horizons for an old class of antibiotics. | | 1991 | 1667781 |
| haemophilus b disease after vaccination with haemophilus b polysaccharide or conjugate vaccine. | the reported frequency of invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease occurring within 1 year after immunization was compared in american children who received either praxis biologics' haemophilus b polysaccharide vaccine or connaught laboratories' haemophilus b conjugate vaccine during the first year of distribution. all domestic cases reported to the food and drug administration or the centers for disease control were included in the study. an estimated 4.5 million and 2.0 million doses of ... | 1991 | 1669664 |
| chemoprophylaxis for secondary haemophilus influenzae type b disease. | | 1991 | 1669742 |
| chemoprophylaxis for invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease. | | 1991 | 1669796 |
| hiv infection in travellers. | | 1991 | 1669812 |
| phls haemophilus influenzae regional survey. | | 1991 | 1669859 |
| [108 cases of hepatic hydatid cyst]. | the paper reports on 108 cases of hepatic hydatidosis, admitted to the clinic in the last 12 years, who wer subjected systematically to hepatic imagery, immunologic investigation at hydatic antigen, determination of eosinophil and hepatic biochemical exploration. all the cases were checked operatively. the females were predominant, 66.11%, the average age was of 42.88 +/- 11.94 years. the greatest part of the cases ranged within the 5th-7th age decades. the investigation shows that there exists, ... | 1991 | 1670130 |
| interaction of nontypable haemophilus influenzae with human respiratory mucosa in vitro. | one laboratory strain (sh9) (n = 12) and five clinical isolates of unencapsulated haemophilus influenzae replicated from 10(4) to 10(8) cfu/ml over 24 h in an organ culture of human respiratory mucosa in which only the intact mucosal surface is exposed. by transmission electron microscopy (tem), bacteria were not seen in association with normal respiratory epithelium, even after incubation for 24 h. histology and tem morphometry demonstrated patchy and occasionally confluent damage to epithelia ... | 1991 | 1671682 |
| haemophilus influenzae and erythromycin. | | 1991 | 1672004 |
| transiently positive hiv antibody test after treatment with tetanus immune globulin. | | 1991 | 1672192 |
| loss of capsule expression by haemophilus influenzae type b results in enhanced adherence to and invasion of human cells. | haemophilus influenzae type b is a common cause of systemic bacterial disease in children, and the serotype b capsule is a major determinant of virulence. nevertheless, as a consequence of the genetic configuration of the capb locus, type b strains become capsule deficient at a high frequency. to investigate the potential biological relevance of the predisposition to capsule loss, we compared the adherent and invasive abilities of several strains of h. influenzae type b and their isogenic capsul ... | 1991 | 1672302 |
| comparison of the structure of the genes for outer membrane proteins p1 and p2 of haemophilus influenzae type b. | size and antigenic heterogeneity have been recognized in both outer membrane protein p1 and outer membrane protein p2 of haemophilus influenzae type b. to determine the molecular basis for these differences, we have cloned and sequenced the structural genes for omps p1 and p2 from prototype isolates with the omp subtypes 1h, 3l and 6u. the nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences of the p1 genes are characterized by three variable regions dispersed between highly conserved regions. the nuclei ... | 1991 | 1673226 |
| molecular cloning, expression, and sequence of the pilin gene from nontypeable haemophilus influenzae m37. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae m37 adheres to human buccal epithelial cells and exhibits mannose-resistant hemagglutination of human erythrocytes. an isogenic variant of this strain which was deficient in hemagglutination was isolated. a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 22,000 was present in the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel profile of sarcosyl-insoluble proteins from the hemagglutination-proficient strain but was absent from the profile of the isogenic hemagglutinati ... | 1991 | 1673447 |
| subdural and epidural empyema: diagnostic and therapeutic problems. | a clinical and microbiological review of cases of subdural and epidural empyema. | 1991 | 1674582 |
| efficacy of haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine in us children aged 18-59 months. haemophilus influenzae vaccine efficacy study group. | vaccines prepared from the polyribosylribitol phosphate (prp) capsule of haemophilus influenzae b (hib) have not consistently shown good efficacy in protecting children aged over 18 months from invasive hib disease. to evaluate the efficacy of conjugate-prp vaccines in this age-group, and to compare their effect with that of prp vaccines, a post-marketing case-control study was conducted among 10,400,000 persons. between oct 1, 1988, and feb 28, 1990, 75 patients with hib disease and 161 control ... | 1991 | 1678080 |
| severity of childhood bacterial meningitis and duration of illness before diagnosis. | rapid diagnosis of childhood bacterial meningitis (bm) is generally believed to be essential to avoid poor outcome. to see whether duration of illness before admission to hospital was related to the severity of illness, data from children with bm diagnosed in 18 paediatric hospitals in finland from 1984 to 1989 were collected prospectively. we divided 286 cases with culture-positive cerebrospinal fluid (csf) into three groups: bm with a history of up to 24 h (short-history group, n = 141), of mo ... | 1991 | 1678083 |
| abrupt changes in antibiotic resistance. | sudden increases in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria are seen in both hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections. examples include precipitate change in amikacin susceptibility in a hospital after years of low resistance, the abrupt increase in prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing strains among gonococci isolated in one community, and rapid increase in resistance to ciprofloxacin among methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus at a hospital shortly after the dru ... | 1991 | 1679785 |
| restriction enzyme analysis of chromosomal dna and its application in epidemiological studies. | the ability to examine the bacterial genome directly eliminates the problems associated with the variable expression of proteins which may be encountered with protein-based typing or 'fingerprinting' techniques. bacterial dna is extracted by a rapid method, digested with a restriction endonuclease and the resulting fragments separated by gel electrophoresis to give a characteristic banding pattern. the choice of restriction endonuclease for a particular bacterial species is critical; an enzyme w ... | 1991 | 1679812 |
| surface structures and adherence properties of diverse strains of haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius. | haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius is an important cause of conjunctivitis and has recently been associated with brazilian purpuric fever (bpf), a fulminant systemic disease of children. to gain insight into the bacterial factors involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, we investigated the surface structures and adherence properties of eight different strains of h. influenzae biogroup aegyptius, including both bpf and non-bpf isolates. all eight strains were able to express long peri ... | 1991 | 1680103 |
| differential binding of haemophilus influenzae to human tissues by fimbriae. | the hypothesis was investigated that tissue tropism of haemophilus influenzae during colonisation and infection is associated with the ability of fimbriate bacteria to bind to the organs and cell types involved. h. influenzae type b with fimbriae (strain 770235f+) bound to several cell types, including ciliated columnar epithelial cells, pneumocytes, ependymal cells, glial cells, connective tissue fibroblasts, synovial cells, antigen-presenting cells, lymphocytes, erythrocytes and endothelial ce ... | 1991 | 1680198 |
| long-acting chloramphenicol versus intravenous ampicillin for treatment of bacterial meningitis. | in most developing countries, bacterial meningitis (bm) is associated with a high case-fatality rate. the search for a simple, convenient, and inexpensive antibiotic treatment remains a priority. in this study, a non-blinded, multicentre, randomised clinical trial of 528 cases of bm was done in two hospitals in mali and niger, between march, 1989, and may, 1990, to see whether a double injection of long-acting chloramphenicol (on admission to hospital and 48 h later) is as effective as a course ... | 1991 | 1681224 |
| expression of preprodynorphin in human small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. | the expression of preprodynorphin has been studied using the northern blot technique. ten human cell lines, six small cell lung carcinoma (sclc), one large cell carcinoma (lcc), two neuroblastoma and one lymphoblast-like cell line, were screened with a preprodynorphin crna-probe. tryptic digestion followed by radioimmunoassay for leu-enkephalin-arg6 was used to detect possible translation of the preprodynorphin transcript. of the ten cell lines investigated we found that all expressed preprodyno ... | 1991 | 1681570 |
| blood pressure maintenance in hypertensive sympathectomized rats. i. adrenal medullary catecholamines. | to assess the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the development of genetic hypertension, blood pressure (bp) was recorded in conscious adult lyon hypertensive (lh) and normotensive (ln) rats that had received daily injections of saline or guanethidine at 1-13 wk of age. guanethidine abolished the pressor response to tyramine, decreased plasma norepinephrine by greater than 70% and plasma 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol by approximately 90%, and did not change plasma epinephrine. bilateral adre ... | 1991 | 1681745 |
| blocking of fimbria-mediated adherence of haemophilus influenzae by sialyl gangliosides. | the structure of the receptor for the fimbriae of haemophilus influenzae on human oropharyngeal epithelial cells and erythrocytes was determined in inhibition experiments with various sugars, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. of 30 monosaccharides and disaccharides at a concentration of 0.1 m and of 3 polysaccharides at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, none inhibited fimbria-specific adherence and hemagglutination. inhibition was obtained with gangliosides gm1, gm2, gm3, and gd1a in nanomolar concentra ... | 1991 | 1682262 |
| inability to express fimbriae results in impaired ability of haemophilus influenzae b to colonize the nasopharynx. | we cloned into the structural fimbrial subunit gene from a fimbriated haemophilus influenzae b a 1.5-kb kanamycin resistance gene. the resultant strain (rkaw5) was tested by southern analysis, hemagglutination, and electron-micrographic examination to confirm gene inactivation. in comparison with the parent, rkaw5 exhibited a significant decrease in adherence to human buccal epithelial cells and in nasal colonization of yearling rhesus monkeys. | 1991 | 1682268 |
| antibody responses to haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines in men with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection are at increased risk for serious infections caused by haemophilus influenzae, yet there are few data on their antibody responses to the h. influenzae type b vaccines. | 1991 | 1683682 |
| nosocomial spread of haemophilus influenzae. | | 1991 | 1684592 |
| a nosocomial outbreak of amoxycillin-resistant non-typable haemophilus influenzae in a respiratory ward. | a nosocomial outbreak of acute bronchitis due to amoxycillin-resistant, non-typable haemophilus influenzae occurred in a 23-bed unit, housing patients with respiratory disorders. within a period of one month, 13 patients and two, previously healthy, members of staff were affected. the isolates were studied for strain relatedness by serotyping, biotyping and major outer membrane protein (momp) profiles after sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; 13 of the isolates belonged to the same biotype a ... | 1991 | 1684594 |
| cross-infection due to haemophilus influenzae type b in adults. | | 1991 | 1684601 |
| a comparison of the in-vitro activity of clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, with erythromycin and other oral agents. | on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentrations clarithromycin (6-o-methylerythromycin), a new macrolide, was found to be slightly more active than erythromycin against staphylococcus aureus, enterococci. moraxella catarrhalis, gardnerella vaginalis, bacteroides fragilis (sensu stricto) and b. ureolyticus and slightly less active against coagulase-negative staphylococci, alpha- and beta-haemolytic streptococci, haemophilus influenzae, campylobacter coli/jejuni and the b. melaninogenicus/oralis ... | 1991 | 1684981 |
| antimicrobial activities of piperacillin alone and in combination with tazobactam against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. | tazobactam (ytr 830), a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, was evaluated for its effect in combination with piperacillin, a broad spectrum, but beta-lactamase sensitive, penicillin, against 14 common bacteria. a total of 1,086 clinical isolates from different clinical specimens were tested for beta-lactamase production by the rapid chromogenic cephalosporin method. their susceptibilities to piperacillin alone and in combination with tazobactam in a ratio of 8:1 by the agar dilution method were evalua ... | 1991 | 1685175 |
| receptors for human plasminogen on gram-negative bacteria. | a total of 188 strains representing 11 species of gram-negative bacteria were examined for the ability to interact with human plasminogen. highly purified human plasminogen was labeled with 125i, and its uptake by different bacterial strains was measured. all 14 strains of haemophilus influenzae and all 13 strains of branhamella catarrhalis tested were positive with respect to plasminogen uptake. also, eight species belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae were tested, and of those, proteus mi ... | 1990 | 1688419 |
| endotoxin from haemophilus influenzae enhances ige-mediated and non-immunological histamine release. | haemophilus influenza and its extracellular products (ep) did not release histamine from basophil leukocytes in cell suspensions from normal individuals, patients with chronic bronchitis or patients allergic to either house dust mite, grass pollen, cat dander or to their own bacteria. however, the ep was found to enhance their basophil histamine release. ige-mediated histamine release was examined by stimulation of the cells with anti-ige or the specific allergens, and non-immunological histamin ... | 1990 | 1689972 |
| cloning and expression in escherichia coli of a haemophilus influenzae type b lipooligosaccharide synthesis gene(s) that encodes a 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid epitope. | the composition of lipooligosaccharide (los) can modify the virulence of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib). a genomic library of hib strain a2 was constructed in the lambda bacteriophage embl3. twenty-six phage clones expressed a hib los oligosaccharide epitope in escherichia coli that was detected by the monoclonal antibody (mab) 6e4. none of the clones bound a polyclonal sera specific for hib a2 los or an anti-h. influenzae lipid a mab. one clone, designated emblos-1, assembled an oligosacch ... | 1990 | 1692806 |
| characterization of repetitive sequences controlling phase variation of haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide. | phase variation of lipopolysaccharide epitopes of an haemophilus influenzae serotype b strain (strain rm.7004) occurs through a mechanism which depends on multiple tandem repeats of the dna sequence 5'-caat-3' situated within the chromosomal locus lic1. we report here that the same tetranucleotide repeats are also found in two other genomic loci (lic2 and lic3) of rm.7004. similar to lic1, there are multiple tandem repeats of 5'-caat-3' present at the 5' ends of long open reading frames in lic2 ... | 1990 | 1693145 |
| 5s rrna sequences of representatives of the genera chlorobium, prosthecochloris, thermomicrobium, cytophaga, flavobacterium, flexibacter and saprospira and a discussion of the evolution of eubacteria in general. | 5s rrna sequences were determined for the green sulphur bacteria chlorobium limicola, chlorobium phaeobacteroides and prosthecochloris aestuarii, for thermomicrobium roseum, which is a relative of the green non-sulphur bacteria, and for cytophaga aquatilis, cytophaga heparina, cytophaga johnsonae, flavobacterium breve, flexibacter sp. and saprospira grandis, organisms allotted to the phylum 'bacteroides-cytophaga-flavobacterium' and relatives as determined by 16s rrna analyses. by using a cluste ... | 1990 | 1693658 |
| effect of lowered extracellular ph on ca2(+)-dependent k+ currents in type i cells from the neonatal rat carotid body. | 1. the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique was used to record k+ currents from type i cells enzymatically dispersed from the neonatal rat carotid body. the current-voltage (i-v) relationship for the k+ currents showed a prominent, outward shoulder at test potentials of between +10 and +30 mv. 2. the shoulder of the i-v curve could be enhanced by raising extracellular ca2+ concentration or by bath application of 5 microm-bay k 8644. it could also be suppressed by bath applicatio ... | 1990 | 1693683 |
| functional properties of recombinant rat gabaa receptors depend upon subunit composition. | gaba-gated chloride channels were expressed in human embryonic kidney cells following transfection of cdnas encoding the alpha 1, beta 2, and gamma 2 subunits of the rat gabaa receptor (gabar). functional properties were determined using patch-clamp techniques in the whole-cell and outside-out configurations. large whole-cell currents were observed in cells expressing the alpha 1 beta 2, alpha 1 gamma 2, and alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 subunit combinations. the unique characteristics of gabar channel ... | 1990 | 1694446 |
| igg oligoclonal bands in sera of hiv-1 infected patients are mainly directed against hiv-1 determinants. | in a series of 60 hiv-1-infected individuals, serum electrofocusing analysis disclosed clonally restricted igg patterns in 9 patients (15%), most with limited disease progression (stages wr1-wr3). these oligoclonal bands had a very heterogeneous light chain pattern, and most showed specificity for hiv-1 in affinity-driven transfer studies; virus specificity was more clear-cut following adsorption of sera with the relevant antigen. these findings further stress the profound b-cell function derang ... | 1990 | 1694450 |
| pyogenic meningitis in hospitalized children in kelantan, malaysia. | a 2.5-year retrospective study of pyogenic meningitis in hospitalized children in kelantan was carried out with regard to aetiology, clinical features, investigation, treatment and outcome. there were 58 children with 43 cases (74.1%) occurring below the age of 1 year. frequent presenting symptoms included fever (98.3%), fits (77.6%), anorexia (39.7%), vomiting (34.5%) and drowsiness (12.1%). on admission, 37 (63.7%) had neck stiffness, 10 (17.2%) had kernig's sign and 32 (55.2%) had coma. csf c ... | 1990 | 1694651 |
| measurement of the human immune response to meningococcal lipooligosaccharide antigens by using serum to inhibit monoclonal antibody binding to purified lipooligosaccharide. | we developed a human inhibition monoclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (himelisa) to investigate the human immune response to the lipooligosaccharides (los) of neisseria meningitidis. monoclonal antibodies (mab) were used to define seven epitopes on four los molecules of a meningococcal strain (126e) previously shown to express immunogenic los epitopes. the assay could distinguish epitope-specific antibody within whole sera. neither the specificity nor the amount of the antibody measured b ... | 1990 | 1694820 |
| conserved and nonconserved epitopes among haemophilus influenzae type b pili. | we investigated the binding of antibodies raised against four different haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) plus antigen preparations to the native pili and denatured pilins of 21 hib isolates. antibodies against live piliated hib m43p+, adsorbed with a nonpiliated variant to remove nonpilus antibodies, bound to 18 of the 21 piliated hib isolates in immunodot assays but failed to recognize the denatured pilins from any of the strains in western immunoblot assays. similarly, antibodies against pu ... | 1990 | 1694821 |
| effect of mutations in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis genes on virulence of haemophilus influenzae type b. | chemical mutagenesis techniques and genetic transformation methods were used to construct isogenic mutants of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) defective in the ability to synthesize lipooligosaccharide (los). a mutant (17b) which expressed a los molecule with an altered oligosaccharide was less virulent than the wild-type parent strain, as determined by measurement of the ability of these strains to produce bacteremia in infant rats after intranasal challenge. further mutagenesis of this muta ... | 1990 | 1694825 |
| haemophilus influenzae potentiates basophil histamine release possibly by its endotoxins. | haemophilus influenzae and its extracellular products (ep) did not release histamine in leukocyte suspensions from normal individuals. however, the ep were found to enhance basophil histamine release triggered by anti-ige and by the calcium ionophore a23187. experiments with ep indicate that it is the content of endotoxins which is responsible for the potentiating effect. removal of endotoxin from the ep thus completely abolished the potentiating effect, whereas inactivation of its protease and ... | 1990 | 1695461 |
| immunocytochemical localization of follicle stimulating hormone in normal human stomach. | immunoreactive follicle-stimulating hormone (ir-fsh) is detected in sections of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded gastric mucosal tissue of normal men, using the immunoperoxidase staining technique and specific antisera to hfsh (niddk, nih). positive staining for ir-fsh was detected in the parietal cells lining the gastric glands of the intermediate zone. the staining was intracytoplasmic and distributed throughout the cytoplasm. ir-fsh was also found to be present in the basal part of the fo ... | 1990 | 1695496 |
| cyclic amp response to recombinant human relaxin by cultured human endometrial cells--a specific and high throughput in vitro bioassay. | a specific and high throughput 96-well format bioassay for recombinant human relaxin (rhrlx) has been developed using human endometrial cells (nhe cells). rhrlx caused a time- and dose-dependent stimulation of cyclic amp (camp) with 1/2 maximal activity of 3.56 +/- 0.65 ng/ml (n = 30). the range of the standard curve was 0.39 to 25 ng/ml with interplate precision of 17 and 22% cv for high and low controls respectively. the camp response requires forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and is ... | 1990 | 1695506 |
| [the short-term and long-lasting changes in dna and rna synthesis in the cerebral cortex cells of animals subjected to hypoxia and nerve tissue transplantation]. | the dna and rna synthesis in the cells of the brain cortex of intact rats and animals subjected to hypoxia, hypoxia with subsequent transplantation or by the local brain injury has been investigated. the dna synthesis changes insignificantly in the case of hypoxia, it enhances slightly in the area of the injury and increases much more after transplantation. the rna synthesis decreases considerably immediately after hypoxia and decreases much more 120 days later. using the ultracentrifuge method ... | 1990 | 1695526 |
| [the radiobiological characteristics of the p+ variant of bacillus brevis var. g.--b. in relation to gramicidin s synthesis]. | the radiosensitivity of p(+) variant bacillus brevis var. g.-b. cells cultured under condition of normal and inhibited gramicidin s synthesis, antibiotically high-active strain and high radioresistant cells has been studied. it has been shown that the radioresistance of bacterial cells correlates, in general, with their antibiotic activity: the antibiotic superproduced is more radioresistant than p(+) variant, the inhibition of antibiotic synthesis by beta-phenil-beta-alanin rises a little the s ... | 1990 | 1695527 |
| electrophysiological and mechanical effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on guinea-pig atria. | 1. the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) on mechanical and electrophysiological responses were studied in the guinea-pig atrial muscle preparations and in single cells. 2. cgrp (greater than 10(-9) m) enhanced the twitch contraction in a concentration-dependent manner in electrically driven left atria and increased heart rate in spontaneously beating right atria. the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of cgrp were not inhibited by propranolol but were attenuated by reduc ... | 1990 | 1695533 |
| antigenic relationships among the porin proteins of encapsulated haemophilus influenzae clones. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for haemophilus influenzae were generated to identify antigenic determinants shared among encapsulated h. influenzae clones. sixteen mabs reacted by western immunoblot with a protein of an approximate molecular size of 40 kilodaltons corresponding to the p2 major outer membrane protein (porin). these mabs also reacted with purified and recombinant h. influenzae porin. fourteen of the mabs recognized cell surface-exposed epitopes, and two of the mabs, p2-16 a ... | 1990 | 1697600 |
| binding of alpha-fetoprotein by immobilized monoclonal antibodies during episodes of zero-gravity obtained by parabolic flight. | alpha-fetoprotein (afp), a single chain polypeptide which is synthesized by the liver and yolk sac of the human fetus, provided a model ligand for assessing the effects of microgravity on ligand binding to surface-immobilized model receptor molecules. monoclonal antibodies, used as receptors for afp, were immobilized by covalent attachment to latex microparticles. zero gravity environment was obtained by parabolic flight aboard nasa 930, a modified kc-135 aircraft. during the onset of an episode ... | 1990 | 1698053 |
| hematopoietic growth factors in the treatment of patients with hiv infection. | | 1990 | 1698092 |