| pediatric anogenital warts: a 7-year review of children referred to a tertiary-care hospital in montreal, canada. | the objectives of this study were to delineate the clinical characteristics of a hospital-referred pediatric population infected with anogenital warts and to investigate the possible relationships between human papillomavirus types and the identified clinical characteristics. over a 7-year period, 72 patients under the age of 12 years were seen at our dermatology clinic for anogenital warts, corresponding to a prevalence of 1.7/1000 in our patient population. sixty-four percent (46/72) were girl ... | 2006 | 16780463 |
| presence of high-risk human papillomavirus sequences in breast cancer tissues and association with histopathological characteristics. | to examine the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) in breast cancer tissues. | 2006 | 16780823 |
| covariates of cervical cytokine mrna expression by real-time pcr in adolescents and young women: effects of chlamydia trachomatis infection, hormonal contraception, and smoking. | measurements of mucosal immune parameters in the uterine cervix are potentially influenced by numerous factors, including infections, endogenous and exogenous hormones, semen, and nicotine and its metabolites in cervical mucus. the objective of this study was to examine correlates of immunoregulatory cytokine mrna expression in cervical cytology samples in a cross-sectional design. samples, collected at study entry by cervical cytology brush from 368 women aged 13-21 enrolled in a longitudinal s ... | 2006 | 16783462 |
| [cervical infection epidemiology of human papillomavirus in ushuaia, argentina]. | genital infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) is decisive in the causation of cervical cancer. in order to evaluate the epidemiology of hpv infection in ushuaia, province of tierra del fuego, argentina, 132 endocervical cytobrushes from preneoplastic and neoplastic cases and controls were studied. detection and typing of the viral genome was performed by polymerase chain reaction, combined with a restriction fragment length polymorphism assay or hybridization. the overall prevalence of hpv i ... | 2006 | 16784128 |
| vaccines against rotavirus and human papillomavirus (hpv). | to briefly review strategies aimed at the development of rotavirus and hpv vaccines, with emphasis on the current status of studies assessing the safety, reactogenicity, immunogenicity and efficacy of recently developed vaccines. | 2006 | 16786101 |
| detection of ebv and hpv in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by in situ hybridization. | nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is a common cancer in southeast asia and is frequently associated with epstein-barr virus (ebv). human papilloma virus (hpv) is an epitheliotrophic oncogenic virus that has been detected in a variety of head and neck tumors including npc. this retrospective study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of ebv and hpv infection subtypes 6/11 and 16/18 in 20 patients with npc. | 2006 | 16787643 |
| determination of hpv type 16 and 18 viral load in cervical smears of women referred to colposcopy. | it has been recognized that human papillomavirus infection is the major causal factor for high-grade cervical lesions. the aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between hpv 16 and 18 viral loads and cervical status in different age strata. a duplex real time pcr method was devised to determine hpv 16 and 18 viral load per million of human cells using an in house plasmidic construct as a standard of quantification. the 151 cervical scrapes were collected before colposcopic examination ... | 2006 | 16789021 |
| papillomavirus virus-like particles as vehicles for the delivery of epitopes or genes. | papillomaviruses (pvs) are simple double-strand dna viruses whose virion shells are t = 7 icosahedrons and composed of major capsid protein l1 and minor capsid protein l2.l1 alone or together with l2 can self-assemble into virus-like particles (vlps) when expressed in eukaryotic or prokaryotic expression systems. although the vlps lack the virus genome dna, their morphological and immunological characteristics are very similar to those of nature papillomaviruses. pv vlp vaccination can induce hi ... | 2006 | 16791442 |
| finding a vaccine for human papillomavirus. | | 2006 | 16798383 |
| the human papillomavirus type 16 e7 protein binds human interferon regulatory factor-9 via a novel pest domain required for transformation. | it is critical that viruses are able to avoid the antiviral activities of interferon (ifn). we have shown previously that the human papillomavirus (hpv) is able to avoid ifn-alpha via interaction of the hpv-16 e7 protein with ifn regulatory factor-9 (irf-9). here, we investigated the details of the interaction using hpv-16 e7 peptide mapping to show that irf-9 binds hpv-16 e7 in a domain encompassing amino acids 25-36. a closer examination of this region indicates this is a novel proline, glutam ... | 2006 | 16800784 |
| human papillomavirus genotype prevalence in cervical biopsies from women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer in melbourne, australia. | multicenter international phase iii clinical trials using multivalent human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines for cervical cancer (cc) prevention are underway. as hpv immunity is type specific, defining hpv genotype prevalence in different regions to ascertain whether predominant types differ geographically is considerably important prior to vaccine implementation. this study aimed to define hpv genotypes present in cc and high-grade dysplasia among women in melbourne, australia. hpv genotype analys ... | 2006 | 16803479 |
| prevalence of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in cervical adenocarcinoma and its precursors in scottish patients. | our aim was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 in cervical adenocarcinoma (and its precursors) in scottish patients. nucleic acid was extracted from paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissues. we examined 119 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma, 20 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ, and 16 cases of normal glandular epithelium. hpv dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction using type-specific primers for the e6 and e7 genes of hpv-16 and hpv-18 with conformati ... | 2006 | 16803480 |
| prediction of high-grade cervical disease with human papillomavirus detection in women with glandular and squamous cytologic abnormalities. | the objective of this study was to assess whether human papillomavirus (hpv) detection with hybrid capture ii (hc ii) can help predict the presence and the nature, glandular or squamous, of histologic cervical lesions in women referred due to atypical glandular cells (agc) or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (hsil). a total of 247 women were included. referral pap smears comprised agc (51 cases), agc plus hsil (28 cases), adenocarcinoma in situ (10 cases), and hsil (158 cases). all pat ... | 2006 | 16803485 |
| prime-boost vaccination strategy in women with high-grade, noncervical anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia: clinical results from a multicenter phase ii trial. | the objective of this study was to determine the clinical effectiveness of a prime-boost human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine regimen. a nonrandomized phase ii prime-boost vaccine trial was conducted. women with biopsy-proven anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia (agin) 3 were vaccinated with three doses of a recombinant fusion protein comprising hpv 16, e6/e7/l2 (ta-cin) followed by one dose of a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding hpv 16 and 18 e6/e7 (ta-hpv). clinical responses were evaluated by ... | 2006 | 16803488 |
| a subgroup of hox abd-b gene is differentially expressed in cervical cancer. | the hox genes are a family of transcription factors that bind to specific sequences of dna in target genes regulating their expression. the role of hox genes in adult cell differentiation is still obscure, but growing evidence suggests that they may play an important role in the development of cancer. in order to study the role of the hox abd-b genes in cervical cancer, we analyzed their expression in cervical tissues. reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and rna in situ hybridization ... | 2006 | 16803519 |
| human papillomavirus associated with papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx in a renal transplant recipient. | the papillary squamous cell carcinoma (pscc) is a rare variant of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. established etiological factors can include tobacco smoking and heavy alcohol abuse. moreover, human papillomavirus infection can be involved in the pathogenesis of pscc. this tumor is more frequent in patients with immunosuppression including those who have received a transplant. most of the cases are produced by genotype hpv-6 and hpv-16, although there is a possibility of infection by ... | 2006 | 16804664 |
| deregulation of eif4e: 4e-bp1 in differentiated human papillomavirus-containing cells leads to high levels of expression of the e7 oncoprotein. | infections with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are linked to more than 95% of cervical cancers. hpvs replicate exclusively in differentiated cells and the function of the hpv e7 oncoprotein is essential for viral replication. in this study, we investigated the mechanism that regulates e7 expression in differentiated cells. the level of e7 protein was strongly induced in hpv-containing caski, hok-16b, and bap-t cells during growth in methylcellulose-containing medium, a condition that in ... | 2006 | 16809313 |
| p16-positive small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium. | we report herein a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium that extended to the cervix and showed strong immunohistochemical staining for p16. the p16 staining raised the possibility of a human papillomavirus (hpv)-related tumor, because in the cervix, a positive p16 immunohistochemical stain is presumptive evidence of hpv. however, the current case was hpv negative. we discuss the molecular pathogenesis of non-hpv-related increased p16 expression. | 2006 | 16810063 |
| [loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 6 as a marker of early genetic alterations in cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and microinvasive carcinomas]. | oncogenic human papilloma viruses (mostly hpv types 16 and 18) are the major cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) that progress into cervical cancer (cc). to reveal early genetic alterations at chromosome 6 important for cc progression we have analyzed loss of heterozygosity (loh) in dna from 45 cin cases, 47 microcarcinomas and 19 invasive squamous cell carcinomas stage ib. loh analysis of dna samples prepared with microdissection from all cin foci as well as from cc lesions and sy ... | 2006 | 16813163 |
| gene expression profiles reveal an upregulation of e2f and downregulation of interferon targets by hpv18 but no changes between keratinocytes with integrated or episomal viral genomes. | persistent infections with human papillomaviruses type 18 can result in the development of cervical cancer. hpv18 genomes persist extrachromosomally in low-grade and precancerous lesions but are always integrated in cervical cancers, and this might contribute to the progression of hpv18-induced lesions. to address whether integration induces additional changes in host cells, several keratinocyte lines with wild type and replication-deficient e1 mutant hpv18 (e1c-ttl) genomes were analyzed with h ... | 2006 | 16814354 |
| dna viruses in human cancer: an integrated overview on fundamental mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis. | the first experimental data suggesting that neoplasm development in animals might be influenced by infectious agents were published in the early 1900s. however, conclusive evidence that dna viruses play a role in the pathogenesis of some human cancers only emerged in the 1950s, when epstein-barr virus (ebv) was discovered within burkitt lymphoma cells. besides ebv, other dna viruses consistently associated with human cancers are the hepatitis b virus (hbv), human papillomavirus (hpv), and kaposi ... | 2007 | 16814460 |
| [clinical analysis of the infection with human papillomavirus in women]. | to determine the relationship between human papillomavirus infection, cervical carcinoma, pre-cancerous lesion and condyloma acuminatum. | 2006 | 16816863 |
| hpv16 variants in squamous intraepithelial lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-negative and -positive brazilian women. | emerging evidence supports the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) intratype variations in the development of cervical lesions in immunocompetent women, but few studies investigated hpv16 variants in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive women. this is the first study in brazil evaluating hpv16 variants in women with (n = 19) and without (n = 22) hiv infection, as well as cervical lesions. although non-european variants presented an almost 3-fold increase (13.6% vs. 36.8%) among hiv-positiv ... | 2006 | 16817777 |
| p16 and ki67 immunostaining is a useful adjunct in the assessment of biopsies for hpv-associated anal intraepithelial neoplasia. | p16 is a tumor suppressor gene product, shown to be overexpressed in most cervical carcinomas and dysplasias associated with high-risk human papilloma virus (hpv) infection. hpv is also associated with anal squamous dysplasias and carcinomas. significant interobserver and intraobserver variation exists in the interpretation of biopsies for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (ain). this study was undertaken to assess the potential role of p16 and ki67 immunohistochemical expression in refining the di ... | 2006 | 16819320 |
| erbb4 (jm-b/cyt-1)-induced expression and phosphorylation of c-jun is abrogated by human papillomavirus type 16 e5 protein. | human papillomavirus type 16 e5 (hpv-16 e5) is a highly hydrophobic membrane protein with weak-transforming activity, which is associated with erbb4 receptor in hpv-16-infected cervical lesions. presently, we investigated the transforming mechanisms of e5 involving erbb4 signaling. firstly, we report a role for erbb4 (jm-b/cyt-1) receptor that activates c-jun gene expression and phosphorylating at ser63 and ser73 of the c-jun protein in ligand-independent and ras-c-jun nh(2)-terminal kinase-depe ... | 2007 | 16819515 |
| high concordance of results of testing for human papillomavirus in cervicovaginal samples collected by two methods, with comparison of a novel self-sampling device to a conventional endocervical brush. | a user-friendly self-sampling method for collecting representative cervical cell material would lower the threshold for women to respond to the invitation for cervical screening. in the present article, we introduce such a device; we have evaluated its sensitivity and specificity to detect high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin), via high-risk human papillomavirus (hrhpv) detection and liquid-based cytology (lbc), compared to endocervical brush samples obtained by gynecologists. wome ... | 2006 | 16825374 |
| development of a topical protein therapeutic for human papillomavirus and associated cancers. | human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are the causative agents of several disease states, including genital warts and cervical cancer. there are around 500 million cases of genital warts per annum worldwide and around 450,000 cases of cervical cancer. although hpv vaccines should eventually reduce the incidence of these diseases, new and effective treatments are still urgently required. the e2 (early) proteins from some hpv types induce growth arrest and apoptosis, and these proteins could be used as th ... | 2006 | 16831020 |
| human papillomavirus genotype distribution and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among high-risk women with and without hiv-1 infection in burkina faso. | human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (sils) were studied in 379 high-risk women. human papillomavirus dna was detected in 238 of 360 (66.1%) of the beta-globin-positive cervical samples, and 467 hpv isolates belonging to 35 types were identified. multiple (2-7 types) hpv infections were observed in 52.9% of hpv-infected women. the most prevalent hpv types were hpv-52 (14.7%), hpv-35 (9.4%), hpv-58 (9.4%), hpv-51 (8.6%), hpv-16 (7.8%), hpv-31 (7.5%), ... | 2006 | 16832413 |
| biomolecular study of the correlation between papillomatosis of the vulvar vestibule in adolescents and human papillomavirus. | the main goal of this study was to investigate, through a biomolecular study, the correlation between papillomatosis of the vulvar vestibule and human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, as well as to establish the necessity of treatment. a total of 44 female adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age were selected through a prospective study with a confirmed diagnosis of papillomatosis of the vulvar vestibule. vulvar biopsies were obtained for the histological and biomolecular detection of hpv dna ... | 2006 | 16832565 |
| role for wee1 in inhibition of g2-to-m transition through the cooperation of distinct human papillomavirus type 1 e4 proteins. | the infectious cycle of human papillomavirus type 1 (hpv1) is accompanied by abundant expression of the full-length e1;e4 protein (17-kda) and smaller e4 polypeptides (16-, 11-, and 10-kda) that arise by sequential loss of n-terminal e1;e4 sequences. hpv1 e4 inhibits g(2)-to-m transition of the cell cycle. here, we show that hpv1 e4 proteins mediate inhibition of cell division by more than one mechanism. cells arrested by coexpression of e1;e4 (e4-17k) and a truncated protein equivalent to the 1 ... | 2006 | 16840322 |
| relationship between cyclin g1 and human papilloma virus infection in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical carcinoma. | to evaluate the overexpression of cyclin g1 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and cervical carcinoma, and the correlation between cyclin g1 and high-risk human papilloma virus (hpv) infection. | 2006 | 16845792 |
| comparison between immunofluorescence and pcr in detecting human papilloma virus in condyloma acuminata. | to compare the effectiveness of immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in detecting human papilloma virus (hpv) in condyloma acuminata (ca). | 2006 | 16845802 |
| frequent gain of the human telomerase gene terc at 3q26 in cervical adenocarcinomas. | the level of genomic amplification of the human telomerase gene terc, which maps to chromosome band 3q26, was determined in primary cervical adenocarcinomas. interphase nuclei prepared from archival material of 12 primary cervical adenocarcinomas, eight of which were human papillomavirus positive, were hybridised with a triple colour probe set specific for centromeres of chromosomes 3 and 7 and the terc gene. we observed high proportions of nuclei with increased absolute copy numbers for terc in ... | 2006 | 16847471 |
| human papillomavirus vaccines. | to review the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacoeconomics of cervarix and gardasil, 2 human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines. | 2006 | 16849621 |
| upregulation of nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab) is related to the grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, but is not an independent predictor of high-risk human papillomavirus or disease outcome in cervical cancer. | nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab) has a pivotal function in controlling a wide variety of gene functions, and has shown to be constitutively activated in many human cancers. the molecular links of nf-kappab to oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) lesions and its prognostic value in cervical cancer (cc) are incompletely understood. as part of our hpv-pathogeniss study, a series of 150 squamous-cell carcinomas (sccs) and 152 cin lesions were examined usi ... | 2006 | 16850495 |
| human papillomavirus 6a lesions of the lower eyelid and genitalia. | a 42-year-old white man presented with a lower eyelid lesion and recurrent condylomata acuminata of his genitalia due to human papillomavirus (hpv) type 6a. polymerase chain reaction analysis of both lesions was performed. the eyelid lesion was excised and found to be a papilloma caused by hpv6a infection. an extensive literature search revealed one previous report of concurrent conjunctival papilloma and genital papilloma involving hpv6a. rare cases of solitary lesions of the eyelid secondary t ... | 2006 | 16855513 |
| the impact of the use of col-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on the presence of cervical human papillomavirus in female sex workers. | this study investigated the effectiveness of a nonoxynol-9 (52.5mg, 3.5%), vaginal gel (advantage s), in the prevention of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in female sex workers. we showed by hpv dna determination in cervico-vaginal rinses a significant increase in multiple (>1) hpv infection in hiv-1 seropositive women compared with hiv-1 seronegative women (or 4.0, 95% ci 1.3-11.9). we also demonstrated a significant increase in multiple hpv infections in hiv-1 seronegative women using non ... | 2006 | 16860426 |
| cellular immune responses to hpv-18, -31, and -53 in healthy volunteers immunized with recombinant hpv-16 l1 virus-like particles. | human papillomavirus-like particles (hpv vlp) are candidate vaccines that have shown to be efficacious in reducing infection and inducing robust antiviral immunity. neutralizing antibodies generated by vaccination are largely type-specific, but little is known about the type-specificity of cellular immune responses to vlp vaccination. to determine whether vaccination with hpv-16 l1vlp induces cellular immunity to heterologous hpv types (hpv-18, hpv-31, and hpv-53), we examined proliferative and ... | 2006 | 16863657 |
| expression of e6/e7 mrna from 'high risk' human papillomavirus in relation to cin grade, viral load and p16ink4a. | detection of e6/e7 mrna expression with real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay (nasba) method (pretect hpv-proofer) from high-risk types of human papillomaviruses (hr-hpv) were compared with the presence of viral load, determined with quantitative real-time pcr in 80 cervical samples. results regarding positivity and typing were in agreement using the two methods. however, there was no correlation between viral loads for hpv 16 or 18/45 and oncogene expression. among 15 women ... | 2006 | 16865288 |
| human papilloma virus dna exposure and embryo survival is stage-specific. | human papillomavirus (hpv) has been shown to disrupt late-stage implanting embryos. the objectives were (a) to assess the development of early embryos exposed to hpv dna and (b) to analyze the blastocyst hatching process after hpv exposure. | 2006 | 16871451 |
| deficiencies in myeloid antigen-presenting cells in women with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions. | there is little information on the function of dendritic cells in women with human papillomavirus (hpv)-related cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (sils). in the current study the functions of dendritic cells in the development of t-cell immunity in women with cervical sils were assessed. | 2006 | 16874820 |
| prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus types among nicaraguan women with histological proved pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the cervix. | to determine the prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus (hpv) types in nicaraguan women with histological proved pre-neoplastic and neoplastic cervical lesions, and to assess its potential impact on preventive strategies. | 2006 | 16877588 |
| reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis for detection of p63 isoforms in uterine cervical cancers. | the aim of this study was to investigate the role of tap63 and deltanp63 isoforms in uterine cervical cancers. the messenger rna (mrna) and protein expressions of ta and deltan forms as well as alpha, beta, and gamma isoforms of p63 were studied in seven siha, me-180, snu17, snu902, snu1160, snu703, and snu1299 human papillomavirus (hpv)-positive uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma (scc) cell lines, one ht3 hpv-negative scc cell line, and one hela adenocarcinoma cell line using reverse tran ... | 2006 | 16884378 |
| prevention of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: role of hpv vaccination. | recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a rare, but devastating, cause of airway lesions in children and adults. this disease is caused by human papilloma virus subtypes 6 and 11. at this time there are two vaccines in late stages of development seeking food and drug administration (fda) approval to prevent cervical cancer, which is also caused by human papilloma virus. one of these vaccines has been developed to stimulate immunity to the most common subtypes that cause cervical cancer but also ... | 2006 | 16884786 |
| follow-up of high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (h-sils) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and human papillomavirus (hpv)-positive women. analysis of risk factors. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive women are at high risk of co-infection from human papillomavirus (hpv) and of developing squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. | 2006 | 16886651 |
| p14arf, a prognostic predictor in hpv-negative vulvar carcinoma. | the present study addressed the impact of human papillomavirus (hpv), p14, and the product of the retinoblastoma gene (prb) in vulvar carcinoma in relation to other clinicopathologic variables and prognosis. we immunohistochemically studied 217 primary tumors from patients with vulvar carcinoma for the expression of prb and p14. by the use of in situ hybridization, the primary tumors and 7 lymph node metastases were studied for the presence of hpv-16, hpv-18, hpv-31, and hpv-33 dna. hpv-infected ... | 2006 | 16891203 |
| the occurrence of genital types of human papillomavirus in normal pregnancy and in pregnant renal transplant recipients. | the aim of this study was to evaluate: 1) the prevalence of human papillomavirus (types 6 and 11 carrying a low risk of neoplasia, and type 16 implicated as cause of cervical neoplasia and cancer) in normal pregnant women and pregnant renal transplant recipients. 2) the correlation between maternal hpv infection and hpv presence in the cord blood and the oral cavity of the neonate. evaluation of a likely, additional route of hpv transmission to the fetus, apart from the infected birth canal duri ... | 2006 | 16891989 |
| gateways to clinical trials. | gateways to clinical trials are a guide to the most recent clinical trials in current literature and congresses. the data in the following tables have been retrieved from the clinical trials knowledge area of prous science integrity, the drug discovery and development portal, http://integrity.prous.com. this issue focuses on the following selection of drugs:(r)-flurbiprofen, 90yttrium-dota-huj591; abt-510, acp-103, ad5-fgf4, adalimumab, ademetionine, ag-7352, alemtuzumab, amb a 1 iss-dna, anakin ... | 2006 | 16894408 |
| analyses of variant human papillomavirus type-16 e5 proteins for their ability to induce mitogenesis of murine fibroblasts. | human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e5 protein co-operates with epidermal growth factor to stimulate mitogenesis of murine fibroblasts. currently, little is known about which viral amino acids are involved in this process. using sequence variants of hpv-16 e5 we have investigated their effects upon e5 transcription, cell-cycling and cell-growth of murine fibroblasts. | 2006 | 16899131 |
| [clinical evaluation of high-risk hpv detection by hybrid capture ii in screening cervical intraepithelial neoplasma]. | to evaluate the value of high-risk hpv (hrhpv) detection by hybrid capture ii (hc2) in screening cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (cin). | 2006 | 16900642 |
| cpg methylation of hpv 16 lcr at e2 binding site proximal to p97 is associated with cervical cancer in presence of intact e2. | human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e2 protein negatively regulates transcription of the e6 and e7 genes. this study was done to test the hypothesis that methylation of the hpv 16 long control region (lcr) is overrepresented among cervical cancer (cacx) cases compared to cytologically normal controls harboring intact e2 gene. methylation of the e2 binding site (e2bs-i), proximal to the p97 promoter, was assessed by hpaii/ mspi restriction digestion while mcrbc digestion was used to assess lcr- ... | 2006 | 16905170 |
| hpv16 l1 capsid protein expressed from viable adenovirus recombinants elicits neutralizing antibody in mice. | immunization against human papillomavirus (hpv) infection promises to reduce the worldwide burden of cervical cancer. to evaluate the potential of live recombinant adenoviruses for induction of hpv infection-blocking immunity, we prepared viable adenovirus recombinants that express the hpv16 l1 gene from the adenovirus major late transcriptional unit. adenovirus-produced hpv16 l1 assembles into virus-like particles (vlps) in infected cells in culture. purified hpv16 vlps are recognized by hpv16 ... | 2007 | 16914239 |
| direct sequencing of hpv dna detected in gynaecologic outpatients in rome, italy. | in order to assess the frequency of different human papillomavirus (hpv) types in rome and the association between hpv and behavioural characteristics, we tested cervical scrapes of a population of sexually active women referring to university clinics for routine gynaecologic care. the presence of hpv dna was revealed by polymerase chain reaction on two genome regions (l1 and e6/e7) followed by sequencing. thirty different hpv types were identified; hpv 16 was the most prevalent (14.18%), follow ... | 2006 | 16914348 |
| quadrivalent human papillomavirus recombinant vaccine. | | 2006 | 16918020 |
| overcoming original antigenic sin to generate new cd8 t cell ifn-gamma responses in an antigen-experienced host. | the failure to mount effective immunity to virus variants in a previously virus-infected host is known as original antigenic sin. we have previously shown that prior immunity to a virus capsid protein inhibits induction by immunization of an ifn-gamma cd8+ t cell response to an epitope linked to the capsid protein. we now demonstrate that capsid protein-primed cd4+ t cells secrete il-10 in response to capsid protein presented by dendritic cells, and deviate cd8+ t cells responding to a linked mh ... | 2006 | 16920922 |
| ceacam1 in cervical cancer and precursor lesions: association with human papillomavirus infection. | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (ceacam1) is an adhesion molecule expressed in a wide variety of tissues including epithelial cells, leukocytes, and tumors that may establish both homotypic and heterotypic interactions. the aim of this work was to study the protein expression pattern of ceacam1 in cervical cancer and precursor lesions in the context of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. we used immunohistochemistry to analyze ceacam1 expression in formalin-fixed, par ... | 2006 | 16924126 |
| sexually transmitted diseases in sexually abused girls and adolescents. | the clinical evaluation for suspected child sexual abuse often includes sexually transmitted disease testing. in spite of the high prevalence of sexual abuse, however, most abused children will not have a sexually transmitted disease identified. the low prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in this population requires special care by the clinician to exclude false-positive test results and to provide appropriate guidance to child protection workers. | 2006 | 16932042 |
| retinoblastoma family proteins as key targets of the small dna virus oncoproteins. | rb, the most investigated tumor suppressor gene, is the founder of the rb family of growth/tumor suppressors, which comprises also p107 (rbl1) and rb2/p130 (rbl2). the protein products of these genes, prb, p107 and prb2/p130, respectively, are also known as 'pocket proteins', because they share a 'pocket' domain responsible for most of the functional interactions characterizing the activity of this family of cellular factors. the interest in these genes and proteins springs essentially from thei ... | 2006 | 16936748 |
| keratinocyte-secreted laminin 5 can function as a transient receptor for human papillomaviruses by binding virions and transferring them to adjacent cells. | human papillomaviruses (hpvs) replicate only in the terminally differentiating epithelium of the skin and mucosa. while infection of basal keratinocytes is considered a requirement for permissive infection, it remains unclear whether virions can specifically target basal cells for adsorption and uptake following epithelial wounding. we present evidence that hpv binds specifically to laminin 5 (ln5), a component of the extracellular matrix (ecm) secreted by migrating and basal keratinocytes. hpv ... | 2006 | 16940506 |
| cervical keratinocytes containing stably replicating extrachromosomal hpv-16 are refractory to transformation by oncogenic h-ras. | ras expression in human epithelial cells with integrated hpv genomes has been shown to cause tumorigenic transformation. the effects of ras in cells representing early stage hpv-associated disease (i.e., when hpv is extrachromosomal and the oncogenes are under control of native promoters) have not been examined. here, we used human cervical keratinocyte cell lines containing stably replicating extrachromosomal hpv-16 and present the novel finding that these cells resist transformation by oncogen ... | 2006 | 16945398 |
| acog committee opinion no. 344: human papillomavirus vaccination. | | 2006 | 16946235 |
| upper aerodigestive tract squamous dysplasia: correlation with p16, p53, prb, and ki-67 expression. | differential expression of cell cycle-associated proteins may correlate with human papillomavirus status and may help delineate degree of dysplasia in upper aerodigestive tract squamous lesions. | 2006 | 16948516 |
| codon optimized expression of hpv 16 e6 renders target cells susceptible to e6-specific ctl recognition. | the early proteins e6 and e7 of the cancer-related human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv 16) are constitutively expressed in cancer cells thus are targets for immune therapeutic approaches. whereas previous studies have mainly focussed on the immunogenicity of e7 protein little is known about e6. in order to evaluate e6-specific dna immunization strategies in a preclinical mouse model c57bl/6 mice were injected with plasmid pthampe6 and analyzed for e6-specific ctl induction. ctl specific for the h2 ... | 2006 | 16949679 |
| chapter 13: current findings from prophylactic hpv vaccine trials. | early data from randomized controlled trials consistently show that prophylactic human papillomavirus virus-like particle (hpv vlp) vaccines are effective in preventing infection and lesions caused by the targeted hpv type(s). two vaccines, a bivalent hpv-16/18 vlp vaccine and a quadrivalent hpv-6/11/16/18 vlp vaccine, are currently undergoing evaluation in phase iii trials with anticipation of receiving regulatory approval for use in immunization programs worldwide. both vaccines have the poten ... | 2006 | 16949998 |
| chapter 16: hpv vaccines in immunocompromised women and men. | hiv-positive as well as other immunocompromised women and men have increased risk of human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated anogenital and oral cancers. the effectiveness of a hpv vaccine to reduce the incidence of these tumors in immunocompromised individuals may depend on several factors, including the effects of immunocompromise on the response to vaccination, the extent of prior infection with the hpv types included in the vaccine, whether immunocompromised women and men have tumors that cont ... | 2006 | 16950001 |
| chapter 19: cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer screening. | in the last two decades, computer-based models of cervical cancer screening have been used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different secondary prevention policies. analyses in countries with existing screening programs have focused on identifying the optimal screening interval, ages for starting and stopping screening, and consideration of enhancements to conventional cytology, such as human papillomavirus (hpv)-dna testing as a triage for equivocal results or as a primary screening test f ... | 2006 | 16950004 |
| chapter 21: modelling the impact of hpv vaccines on cervical cancer and screening programmes. | the impact of human papillomavirus (hpv)-16/18 vaccination on the incidence of infection and disease can be explored in a range of different models. here we explore the epidemiological and economic impact of vaccination where screening is absent and where it is well established. the importance for epidemiology of assumptions about naturally-acquired immunity and heterogeneity in risk behaviours are highlighted, as are the importance for health economic outcomes of vaccine costs and the ability t ... | 2006 | 16950005 |
| chapter 27: research needs following initial licensure of virus-like particle hpv vaccines. | human papillomavirus virus-like particle (hpv vlp) hpv vaccines currently evaluated for licensing are likely to be available soon. licensure will be based on evidence that the vaccine is well tolerated and provides near complete type-specific protection against hpv infections and their resulting lesions in the first few years after vaccination. several important questions will remain to be answered after licensure to guide vaccine implementation and to permit the rational evaluation of vaccinati ... | 2006 | 16950011 |
| chapter 30: hpv vaccines and screening in the prevention of cervical cancer; conclusions from a 2006 workshop of international experts. | the finding that cervical cancer only occurs in women infected with specific, "high-risk" types of the human papillomavirus (hpv) has led to the development of novel, non-cytology-based cervical cancer prevention strategies. we now have sensitive molecular methods for detecting hpv that dramatically improve our ability to detect high-grade cervical cancer precursor lesions. perhaps more importantly, prophylactic hpv vaccines have been developed that are protective against cervical cancer precurs ... | 2006 | 16950014 |
| chapter 6: epidemiology and transmission dynamics of genital hpv infection. | this chapter provides an overview of the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, with a focus on the dynamics of sexual transmission. we explore concepts related to the spread of sexually transmitted infections, including population prevalence, duration of infectivity, patterns of sexual contacts, and transmissibility, including modifiers of susceptibility and infectivity. hpv prevalence and incidence are high in most studies, particularly amongst young women. there is strong evide ... | 2006 | 16950018 |
| chapter 9: clinical applications of hpv testing: a summary of meta-analyses. | more than ever, clinicians need regularly updated reviews given the continuously increasing amount of new information regarding innovative cervical cancer prevention methods. | 2006 | 16950021 |
| comparison of human papillomavirus distribution in cytologic subgroups of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. | low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (lsil) subsumes the formerly delineated cytologic categories of human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated cell changes (koilocytotic atypia) and low-grade dysplasia/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) grade 1 (cin1). in this study, the objective was to determine whether these 2 morphologic subcategories are characterized by differences in risk for cin3 and/or hpv type distribution. | 2006 | 16952155 |
| evaluation of the spf10-inno lipa human papillomavirus (hpv) genotyping test and the roche linear array hpv genotyping test. | the need for accurate genotyping of human papillomavirus (hpv) infections is becoming increasingly important, since (i) the oncogenic potential among the high-risk hpv genotypes varies in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, (ii) monitoring multivalent hpv vaccines is essential to investigate the efficiency of the vaccines, and (iii) genotyping is crucial in epidemiologic studies evaluating hpv infections worldwide. various genotyping assays have been developed to meet this demand. comparison of ... | 2006 | 16954236 |
| highly effective detection of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 dna by a testing algorithm combining broad-spectrum and type-specific pcr. | the use of a single broad-spectrum human papillomavirus (hpv) dna-based pcr test may fail to detect lower concentrations of hpv dna due to competition between different genotypes in mixed infections. to improve hpv detection by pcr, broad-spectrum and type-specific (ts) pcrs were combined, with a focus on hpv-16 and hpv-18. cervical and cervicovaginal cell samples were obtained from 1,113 healthy women (age range, 15 to 25 years) participating in an hpv-16/hpv-18 candidate vaccine efficacy trial ... | 2006 | 16954263 |
| human homolog of drosophila tumor suppressor scribble negatively regulates cell-cycle progression from g1 to s phase by localizing at the basolateral membrane in epithelial cells. | drosophila tumor suppressor scribble has been identified as an apical-basolateral polarity determinant in epithelia. a human homolog of drosophila scribble, human scribble (hscrib), has been identified as a protein targeted by human papillomavirus e6 for the ubiquitin-mediated degradation dependent on e6ap, a cellular ubiquitin-protein ligase. human scribble is classified as a lap protein, having leucine-rich repeats (lrrs) and pdz domains. we investigated whether hscrib, which is thought to hav ... | 2006 | 16965391 |
| pilot study of a commercialized human papillomavirus (hpv) genotyping assay: comparison of hpv risk group to cytology and histology. | we evaluated a commercialized pcr assay, linear array, that detects 37 human papillomavirus (hpv) genotypes, using a sample of liquid cytology specimens (n = 534). we found a strong association of an increasing level of hpv risk (hpv type 16 [hpv16] > hpv18 > other carcinogenic types > noncarcinogenic types > negative specimens) with increasing severities of cytologic interpretations (p(trend) < 0.0005) and histologic diagnoses (p(trend) < 0.0005). | 2006 | 16971652 |
| new paradigm for prevention of cervical cancer. | human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is an event responsible for the development of cervical cancer and its premalignant dysplasia. prophylactic vaccines based on virus-like particles (vlps) have been successfully tested in clinical trials. they are safe, close to 100% effective in preventing persistent infection and premalignant disease, and are now being introduced onto the market. vaccination should be offered primarily to young girls and adolescents 9-15 years of age. vaccine introduction fa ... | 2007 | 16973254 |
| [chlamydia trachomatis and papillomavirus infection in women with cytohistological abnormalities in uterine cervix]. | the presence of chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus (hpv) was evaluated by pcr technique in 189 sexually active women, between 15 and 58 years old, with cytological abnormalities in their uterine cervical epithelium and belonging to a region of argentina with high incidence of cervical cancer. risk factors in relation to chlamydial infection were also analyzed. total prevalence for c. trachomatis infection was 24.9%, but there was a significant difference between prevalence in low soc ... | 2006 | 16977964 |
| prediction of recurrence after treatment for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: the role of human papillomavirus testing and age at conisation. | the aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) dna (hr-hpv dna test) postconisation as prediction of recurrent or residual cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) after treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (cin2+) in a prospective study and to compare this with follow-up cytology and the marginal status of the excised tissue. | 2006 | 16978225 |
| comparative study of the expression of cellular cycle proteins in cervical intraepithelial lesions. | interaction of human papilloma virus oncoproteins e6 and e7 with cell cycle proteins leads to disturbances of the cell cycle mechanism and subsequent alteration in the expression of some proteins, such as p16ink4a, cyclin d1, p53 and ki67. in this study, we compared alterations in the expression of these proteins during several stages of intraepithelial cervical carcinogenesis. accordingly, an immunohistochemical study was performed on 50 cervical biopsies, including negative cases and intraepit ... | 2006 | 16979303 |
| cervical cancer prevention in the era of prophylactic vaccines: a preview for gynecologic oncologists. | the recent approval of a vaccine to prevent hpv infection is an important advance in cervical cancer prevention. this article is intended to provide gynecologic oncologists with a comprehensive background in modern cervical cancer prevention strategies. | 2006 | 16979432 |
| is there an epidemiological link between human papillomavirus dna and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx? | the epidemiological link between human papillomavirus (hpv) dna and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (bscc) of the pharynx was studied. the expression of p53 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. the presence of hpv dna was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction amplification and "in situ" hybridization. the tobacco and alcohol consumption and the clinical outcomes of nine patients with bscc of the pharynx are compared with site and stage matched 109 conventional squamous cell c ... | 2007 | 16979930 |
| [a case-control study on the association between folate and cervical cancer]. | to evaluate the possible effects of folate on cervical carcinogenesis and the interaction of folate and human papillomaviruses 16 (hpv16). | 2006 | 16981341 |
| human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine: a position statement of the society for adolescent medicine. | | 2006 | 16982407 |
| viral oncoproteins target the dna methyltransferases. | small dna tumour viruses have evolved a number of mechanisms to drive nondividing cells into s phase. virally encoded oncoproteins such as adenovirus e1a and human papillomavirus (hpv) e7 can bind an array of cellular proteins to override proliferation arrest. the dna methyltransferase dnmt1 is the major mammalian enzyme responsible for maintaining cpg methylation patterns in the cell following replication. one of the hallmarks of tumour cells is disrupted dna methylation patterns, highlighting ... | 2007 | 16983344 |
| the history of the angiogenic switch concept. | spontaneously arising tumor cells are not usually angiogenic at first. the phenotypic switch to angiogenesis is usually accomplished by a substet that induces new capillaries that then converge toward the tumor. the switch clearly involves more than simple upregulation of angiogenic activity and is thought to be the result of a net balance of positive and negative regulators. tumor growth is although to require disruption of this balance and hence this switch must turned on for cancer progressio ... | 2007 | 16990761 |
| how will hpv vaccines affect cervical cancer? | cancer of the uterine cervix is the second largest cause of cancer deaths in women, and its toll is greatest in populations that lack screening programmes to detect precursor lesions. persistent infection with 'high risk' genotypes of human papillomavirus (hpv) is necessary, although not sufficient, to cause cervical carcinoma. therefore, hpv vaccination provides an opportunity to profoundly affect cervical cancer incidence worldwide. a recently licensed hpv subunit vaccine protects women from a ... | 2006 | 16990853 |
| human papilloma virus and p53 expression in bladder cancer in egypt: relationship to schistosomiasis and clinicopathologic factors. | the aim of the current study was to compare the role of p53 and human papillomavirus (hpv) in schistosomiasis-related and schistosomiasis-unrelated carcinoma of the urinary bladder. to achieve this aim, we investigated 114 bladder carcinomas for p53 oncoprotein expression by immunohistochemistry and for human papillomavirus by in situ hybridization technique. the results revealed that 64 tumors (56.1%) were schistosomiasis-associated. sixty seven (58.8%) were transitional cell carcinomas and 32 ... | 2006 | 16998598 |
| histological features of human papilloma virus 16 and its association with the development and progression of anal squamous cell carcinoma. | to investigate the development of anal squamous cell carcinoma (scc) and the expression patterns of human papillomavirus (hpv). | 2006 | 16998682 |
| differential expression and activation of nf-kappab family proteins during oral carcinogenesis: role of high risk human papillomavirus infection. | oral cancer is one of the most common cancers in india and south-east asian region consisting of more than 50% of all malignant tumors. along with many known risk factors, infection of human papillomavirus (hpv) has been associated with the development of oral cancer and is suggested to modulate host cell transcription. reciprocally, cellular transcription factors, such as nf-kappab and ap-1 are known to modulate the expression of viral and other genes involved in the development of cancer. in t ... | 2006 | 16998793 |
| a content analysis of news coverage of the hpv vaccine by u.s. newspapers, january 2002-june 2005. | genital human papillomavirus (hpv) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the united states. of the 100 hpv types, hpv type 16 and hpv type 18 have been demonstrated to cause cervical cancer. two pharmaceutical manufacturers have developed and tested hpv vaccines and are applying to the fda for licensure. this research describes the content of hpv vaccine information contained in news articles. the lexis-nexis database was used to identify 25 articles on hpv that were published in ... | 2006 | 16999634 |
| women's reactions to hpv diagnosis: insights from in-depth interviews. | research links certain types of the human papillomavirus (hpv) to subsequent development of cervical cancer. women (n=52) recently diagnosed with hpv following an abnormal pap smear participated in in-depth interviews to explore their knowledge of hpv, their emotional responses to diagnosis, and the extent of their disclosure of their hpv diagnosis to others. women had many knowledge deficits about hpv. emotions related primarily to stigma, fear, self-blame, powerlessness, and anger. most women ... | 2006 | 17000613 |
| exploring the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and communication preferences of the general public regarding hpv: findings from cdc focus group research and implications for practice. | genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the united states, causing genital warts, cervical cell abnormalities, and cervical cancer in women. to inform hpv education efforts, 35 focus groups were conducted with members of the general public, stratified by gender, race/ethnicity, and urban/rural location. focus groups explored participants' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about hpv and a hypothetical hpv vaccine as well as their communication ... | 2007 | 17000622 |
| [cervical cancer screening of hiv-positive women: is a prolongation of the screening interval meaningful?]. | cervical cancer screening guidelines stated recently that the screening interval of healthy women can be extended up to 3 years. can those recommendations be applied for high risk populations? | 2006 | 17001558 |
| simultaneous amplification and identification of 25 human papillomavirus types with templex technology. | the majority of existing human papillomavirus (hpv) genotyping assays are based on multiplex pcr using consensus or degenerate primers. we developed a templex hpv assay that simultaneously detects and identifies 25 common hpv genotypes in a single-tube reaction using type-specific primers for the hpv-specific e6 and e7 genes. the analytical sensitivities of the templex assay for hpv type 16 (hpv-16), -18, and -56 were 20, 100, and 20 copies per reaction mixture, respectively. the templex assay p ... | 2006 | 17005760 |
| regulation of topbp1 oligomerization by akt/pkb for cell survival. | regulation of e2f1-mediated apoptosis is essential for proper cellular growth. this control requires topbp1, a brct (brca1 carboxyl-terminal) domain-containing protein, which interacts with e2f1 but not other e2fs and represses its proapoptotic activity. we now show that the regulation of e2f1 by topbp1 involves the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k)-akt signaling pathway, and is independent of pocket proteins. akt phosphorylates topbp1 in vitro and in vivo. phosphorylation by akt induces oligomer ... | 2006 | 17006541 |
| the human papillomavirus vaccines. | genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection (sti) among sexually active couples. its annual incidence is approximately 5.5 million. overall, an estimated 75% of sexually active men and women have been exposed to hpv at some point in their lives. hpv-16 and -18 account for about 70% of cancers of the cervix, vagina and anus, and for about 30%-40% of cancers of the vulva, penis and orophaynx. cancer of the cervix uteri is the second most cancer am ... | 2006 | 17010274 |
| relationship of pregnancy to human papillomavirus among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. | because parity is a reported risk factor for cervical cancer, we sought to estimate the effects of pregnancy on the prevalence, incident detection, and copy number of human papillomavirus (hpv) among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected women, patients at high risk for cervical cancer. | 2006 | 17012459 |
| correlation between mouse potency and in vitro relative potency for human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles and gardasil vaccine samples. | an in vitro relative potency (ivrp) assay has been developed as an alternative to the mouse potency assay used to release merck's human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine, gardasil, for early phase clinical trials. the mouse potency assay is a classical, in vivo assay, which requires 4-6 weeks to complete and exhibits variability on the order of 40% relative standard deviation (rsd). the ivrp assay is a sandwich-type immunoassay that is used to measure relative antigenicity of the vaccine product. the ... | 2005 | 17012876 |
| effect of replens gel used with a diaphragm on tests for human papillomavirus and other lower genital tract infections. | little is known about effects of vaginal lubricants with barrier contraceptives on detection of sexually transmissible infections. we hypothesized that replens gel used with a diaphragm would neither inhibit human papillomavirus (hpv) detection in cervical samples and chlamydia (ct) and gonorrhea (gc) detection in urine samples, nor affect cervical cytology quality. | 2006 | 17012985 |