| development of an automatic integrated gene detection system for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (sars-cov2). | in december 2019, wuhan, china suffered a serious outbreak of a novel coronavirus infectious disease (covid) caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (sars-cov 2). to quickly identify the pathogen, we designed and screened primer sets, and established a sensitive and specific qrt-pcr assay for sars-cov 2; the lower limit of detection (lod) was 14.8 (95% ci: 9.8-21) copies per reaction. we combined this qrt-pcr assay with an automatic integration system for nucleic ac ... | 2020 | 32543298 |
| a compendium answering 150 questions on covid-19 and sars-cov-2. | in december 2019, china reported the first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). this disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has developed into a pandemic. to date, it has resulted in ~9 million confirmed cases and caused almost 500 000 related deaths worldwide. unequivocally, the covid-19 pandemic is the gravest health and socioeconomic crisis of our time. in this context, numerous questions have emerged in demand of basic scient ... | 2020 | 32535955 |
| covid 19 diagnostic multiplicity and its role in community surveillance and control. | diagnosis of persons exposed to/infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) is central to controlling the global pandemic of covid-19. currently, several diagnostic modalities are available for covid-19, each with its own pros and cons. although there is a global consensus to increase the testing capacity, it is also essential to prudently utilize these tests to control the pandemic. in this paper, we have reviewed the current array of diagnostics for sars- ... | 2020 | 32532934 |
| ace2 and covid-19 and the resulting ards. | this article reviews the correlation between ace2 and covid-19 and the resulting acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). ace2 is a crucial component of the renin-angiotensin system (ras). the classical ace-angiotensin ⅱ (ang ii)-angiotensin type 1 receptor (at1r) axis and the ace2-ang(1-7)-mas counter-regulatory axis play an essential role in ras system. ace2 antagonises the activation of the classical ras ace-ang ii-at1r axis and protects against lung injury. similar to severe acute respira ... | 2020 | 32522846 |
| sars-cov-2 spike protein binds heparan sulfate in a length- and sequence-dependent manner. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is causing an unprecedented global pandemic demanding the urgent development of therapeutic strategies. microarray binding experiments using an extensive heparan sulfate (hs) oligosaccharide library showed the spike of sars-cov-2 can bind hs in a length- and sequence-dependent manner. hexa- and octasaccharides composed of idoa2s-glcns6s repeating units were identified as optimal ligands. surface plasma resonance (spr) showed th ... | 2020 | 32511404 |
| covid-19: the potential role of copper and n-acetylcysteine (nac) in a combination of candidate antiviral treatments against sars-cov-2. | on march 11, 2020, the world health organization (who) declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease (covid-19) a pandemic. since then, thousands of people have suffered and died, making the need for a treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) more crucial than ever. | 2020 | 32503814 |
| serodiagnostics for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 : a narrative review. | accurate serologic tests to detect host antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) will be critical for the public health response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. many use cases are envisaged, including complementing molecular methods for diagnosis of active disease and estimating immunity for individuals. at the population level, carefully designed seroepidemiologic studies will aid in the characterization of transmission dynamics and refinement ... | 2020 | 32496919 |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: friend or foe? | when the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) wreaked an unprecedented havoc of an escalating number of deaths and hospitalization in the united states, clinicians were faced with a myriad of unanswered questions, one of the them being the implication of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with covid-19. animal data and human studies have shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (arbs) increase the expression of ace2. ace2 is an ... | 2020 | 32496364 |
| inflammasomes and pyroptosis as therapeutic targets for covid-19. | the inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection has a direct impact on the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 patients. of the many innate immune pathways that are engaged by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2, we highlight the importance of the inflammasome pathway. we discuss available pharmaceutical agents that target a critical component of inflammasome activation, signaling leading to cellular pyroptosis, and the ... | 2020 | 32493814 |
| stability of rna sequences derived from the coronavirus genome in human cells. | most viruses inhibit the innate immune system and/or the rna degradation processes of host cells to construct an advantageous intracellular environment for their survival. characteristic rna sequences within rna virus genomes or rnas transcribed from dna virus genomes contribute toward this inhibition. in this study, we developed a method called "fate-seq" to comprehensively identify the rna sequences derived from rna and dna viruses, contributing rna stability in the cells. we examined the stab ... | 2020 | 32446559 |
| early trends for sars-cov-2 infection in central and north texas and impact on other circulating respiratory viruses. | rapid diagnosis and isolation are key to containing the quick spread of a pandemic agent like severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), which has spread globally since its initial outbreak in wuhan province in china. sars-cov-2 is novel and the effect on typically prevalent seasonal viruses is just becoming apparent. we present our initial data on the prevalence of respiratory viruses in the month of march 2020. this is a retrospective cohort study post launching of s ... | 2020 | 32410236 |
| in silico identification of vaccine targets for 2019-ncov. | background: the newly identified coronavirus known as 2019-ncov has posed a serious global health threat. according to the latest report (18-february-2020), it has infected more than 72,000 people globally and led to deaths of more than 1,016 people in china. methods: the 2019 novel coronavirus proteome was aligned to a curated database of viral immunogenic peptides. the immunogenicity of detected peptides and their binding potential to hla alleles was predicted by immunogenicity predictive mode ... | 2020 | 32269766 |
| clinical characteristics of 28 patients with diabetes and covid-19 in wuhan, china. | objective: previous studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) were based on information from the general population. we aimed to further clarify the clinical characteristics of diabetes with covid-19. methods: twenty-eight patients with diabetes and covid-19 were enrolled from january 29, 2020, to february 10, 2020, with a final follow-up on february 22, 2020. epidemiologic, demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were analyzed. results: the average age of the 28 pati ... | 2020 | 32357072 |
| [epidemiology and control of covid-19]. | the coronavirus disease pandemic 2019 (covid-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), started in december 2019 in china. sars-cov-2 is easily transmitted by droplet infection. after an incubation period of 1-14 days, covid-19 shows a mild course in 80 % of observed cases and a severe course in 20 %, with a lethality rate of 0.3-5.8 %. elderly people and people with underlying diseases have a higher risk of severe courses with mandatory ventilation. ... | 2020 | 32344440 |
| pharmacological perspective: glycyrrhizin may be an efficacious therapeutic agent for covid-19. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by the previously unknown pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) is now a global pandemic. there are no vaccines or specific treatments against this new virus; therefore, there is an urgent need to advance novel therapeutic interventions for covid-19. glycyrrhizin is a triterpene saponin with various biological functions and pharmacological effects. this brief article discusses the therapeutic potential of glycyrr ... | 2020 | 32335281 |
| echoes of 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic in the covid pandemic. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov2) pandemic that has engulfed the globe has had incredible effects on health care systems and economic activity. social distancing and school closures have played a central role in public health efforts to counter the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid)-19 pandemic. the most recent global pandemic prior to covid-19 was the 2009 pandemic, hemagglutinin type 1 and neuraminidase type 1 (h1n1) influenza. the course of events in 2009 o ... | 2020 | 32331805 |
| d3targets-2019-ncov: a webserver for predicting drug targets and for multi-target and multi-site based virtual screening against covid-19. | a highly effective medicine is urgently required to cure coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). for the purpose, we developed a molecular docking based webserver, namely d3targets-2019-ncov, with two functions, one is for predicting drug targets for drugs or active compounds observed from clinic or in vitro/in vivo studies, the other is for identifying lead compounds against potential drug targets via docking. this server has its unique features, (1) the potential target proteins and their differe ... | 2020 | 32318328 |
| a "one-health" approach for diagnosis and molecular characterization of sars-cov-2 in italy. | the current pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus (cov) called sars-cov-2 (species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, subgenus sarbecovirus, genus betacoronavirus, family coronaviridae). in italy, up to the 2nd of april 2020, overall 139,422 confirmed cases and 17,669 deaths have been notified, while 26,491 people have recovered. besides the overloading of hospitals, another issue to face was the capacity to perform thousands of tests per day. in this perspective, to supp ... | 2020 | 32313828 |
| diagnostic testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2: a narrative review. | diagnostic testing to identify persons infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection is central to control the global pandemic of covid-19 that began in late 2019. in a few countries, the use of diagnostic testing on a massive scale has been a cornerstone of successful containment strategies. in contrast, the united states, hampered by limited testing capacity, has prioritized testing for specific groups of persons. real-time reverse transcriptase p ... | 2020 | 32282894 |
| a cross-sectional comparison of epidemiological and clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease (covid-19) in wuhan and outside wuhan, china. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has spread outside the initial epicenter of wuhan. we compared cases in guangzhou and wuhan to illustrate potential changes in pathogenicity and epidemiological characteristics as the epidemic has progressed. | 2020 | 32278758 |
| an evidence-based framework for priority clinical research questions for covid-19. | on 31 december, 2019, the world health organization china country office was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. since then, there have been over 75 000 cases globally of the 2019 novel coronavirus (covid-19), 2000 deaths, and over 14 000 cases recovered. outbreaks of novel agents represent opportunities for clinical research to inform real-time public health action. in 2018, we conducted a systematic review to identify priority research questions for severe acute respiratory sy ... | 2020 | 32257173 |
| controversial treatments: an updated understanding of the coronavirus disease 2019. | an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. in the absence of specific treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to learn from the experience and lessons in china. to reduce the case-fatality rate among coronavirus disease 2019 patients, we should not ignore the complications, such as rnaaemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction. to help understand ... | 2020 | 32219882 |
| the species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-ncov and naming it sars-cov-2. | | 2020 | 32123347 |
| pattern of early human-to-human transmission of wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov), december 2019 to january 2020. | since december 2019, china has been experiencing a large outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) which can cause respiratory disease and severe pneumonia. we estimated the basic reproduction number r0 of 2019-ncov to be around 2.2 (90% high density interval: 1.4-3.8), indicating the potential for sustained human-to-human transmission. transmission characteristics appear to be of similar magnitude to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (sars-cov) and pandemic influenza, indi ... | 2020 | 32019669 |
| gold nanoparticle-adjuvanted s protein induces a strong antigen-specific igg response against severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus infection, but fails to induce protective antibodies and limit eosinophilic infiltration in lungs. | the spike (s) protein of coronavirus, which binds to cellular receptors and mediates membrane fusion for cell entry, is a candidate vaccine target for blocking coronavirus infection. however, some animal studies have suggested that inadequate immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) induces a lung eosinophilic immunopathology upon infection. the present study evaluated two kinds of vaccine adjuvants for use with recombinant s protein: gold nanoparticles (aunp ... | 2020 | 31692019 |
| complete genome sequence of a severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus from kenyan bats. | we identified a strain of betacoronavirus btky72/rhinolophus sp./kenya/2007 (here btky72) from rectal swab samples in kenyan bats. this paper reports the complete genomic sequence of btky72, which is closely related to btcov/bm48-31/bulgaria/2008, a severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-related virus from rhinolophus bats in europe. | 2019 | 31296683 |
| tmprss2 contributes to virus spread and immunopathology in the airways of murine models after coronavirus infection. | transmembrane serine protease tmprss2 activates the spike protein of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (mers-cov). in vitro, activation induces virus-cell membrane fusion at the cell surface. however, the roles of tmprss2 during coronavirus infection in vivo are unclear. here, we used animal models of sars-cov and mers-cov infection to investigate the role of tmpr ... | 2019 | 30626688 |
| nucleocapsid vaccine elicits spike-independent sars-cov-2 protective immunity. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is responsible for the covid-19 pandemic. neutralizing abs target the receptor binding domain of the spike (s) protein, a focus of successful vaccine efforts. concerns have arisen that s-specific vaccine immunity may fail to neutralize emerging variants. we show that vaccination with a human adenovirus type 5 vector expressing the sars-cov-2 nucleocapsid (n) protein can establish protective immunity, defined by reduced weight loss and ... | 2021 | 34193597 |
| comparative analysis of sars-cov-2 and its receptor ace2 with evolutionarily related coronaviruses. | the pandemic covid-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and it is spreading very rapidly worldwide. to date, the origin and intermediate hosts of sars-cov-2 remain unclear. in this study, we conducted comparative analysis among sars-cov-2 and non-sars-cov-2 coronavirus strains to elucidate their phylogenetic relationships. we found: 1, the sars-cov-2 strains analyzed could be divided into 3 clades with regional aggregation; 2, the non-sars-cov-2 common ... | 2020 | 33186121 |
| development of machine learning models to predict rt-pcr results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in patients with influenza-like symptoms using only basic clinical data. | reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) diagnosis currently requires quite a long time span. a quicker and more efficient diagnostic tool in emergency departments could improve management during this global crisis. our main goal was assessing the accuracy of artificial intelligence in predicting the results of rt-pcr for sars-cov-2, using basic information at hand in all emergency departments. | 2020 | 33261629 |
| ace2-variants indicate potential sars-cov-2-susceptibility in animals: a molecular dynamics study. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) continues to be a global threat, causing millions of deaths worldwide. sars-cov-2 is an enveloped virus with spike (s) glycoproteins conferring binding to the host cell's angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2), which is critical for cellular entry. the host range of the virus extends well beyond humans and non-human primates. natural and experimental infections have confirmed the high susceptibility of cats, ferrets, and syrian hamster ... | 2021 | 34378348 |
| survival of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) on foods stored at refrigerated temperature. | outbreaks of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (covid-19) in meat processing plants and media reports of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) detection on foods have raised concerns of a public health risk from contaminated foods. we used herpes simplex virus 1, a non-biosafety level 3 (non-bsl3) enveloped virus, as a surrogate to develop and validate methods before assessing the survival of infectious sars-cov-2 on foods. several food types, including chicken, seafood, ... | 2021 | 34064494 |
| susceptibility to sars-cov-2 of cell lines and substrates commonly used to diagnose and isolate influenza and other viruses. | co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and other viruses has been reported. we evaluated cell lines commonly used to isolate viruses and diagnose related diseases for their susceptibility to sars-cov-2. although multiple kidney cell lines from monkeys were susceptible to sars-cov-2, we found many cell types derived from humans, dogs, minks, cats, mice, and chicken were not. we analyzed mdck cells, which are most commonly used for surveillance and study of ... | 2021 | 33900165 |
| chicken igy antibodies provide mucosal barrier against sars-cov-2 virus and other pathogens. | this mini review includes two case descriptions. it introduces the use of chicken egg yolk antibody (igy) solutions in the prevention and cure of viral and bacterial infections. application for the protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), rotavirus, and influenza viruses, as well as for the eradication of pseudomonas aeruginosa, caries, various enteric bacteria and other pathogens, and toxins have been developed. this approach is a fast, reliable, safe, an ... | 2021 | 33899350 |
| emetine suppresses sars-cov-2 replication by inhibiting interaction of viral mrna with eif4e. | emetine is a fda-approved drug for the treatment of amebiasis. previously we demonstrated the antiviral efficacy of emetine against some rna and dna viruses. in this study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral efficacy of emetine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and found it to be a low nanomolar (nm) inhibitor. interestingly, emetine exhibited protective efficacy against lethal challenge with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv; a chicken coronavirus) in the embr ... | 2021 | 33711336 |
| evaluating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-mediated sars-cov-2 entry across species. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic represents a global threat, and the interaction between the virus and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2), the primary entry receptor for sars-cov-2, is a key determinant of the range of hosts that can be infected by the virus. however, the mechanisms underpinning ace2-mediated viral entry across species remains unclear. using infection assay, we evaluated sars-cov-2 entry mediated by ace2 of 11 different animal species ... | 2021 | 33610551 |
| research note: indian poultry industry vis-à-vis coronavirus disease 2019: a situation analysis report. | originating in wuhan city, hubei province of china, and rapid spread to multiple countries, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has emerged as a novel public health emergence. during early february, spread of misinformation and rumors driven by the fear of linking chicken meat and eggs in the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) among human population is witnessed in india. this resulted drastic reduction in consumption of poultry products with subsequent fall in deman ... | 2020 | 33516485 |
| lack of susceptibility to sars-cov-2 and mers-cov in poultry. | we challenged chickens, turkeys, ducks, quail, and geese with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. we observed no disease and detected no virus replication and no serum antibodies. we concluded that poultry are unlikely to serve a role in maintenance of either virus. | 2020 | 33219803 |
| sars-cov-2: a critical review of its history, pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis and treatment. | the outbreak of the deadly virus (novel coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) that emerged in december 2019, remained a controversial subject of intense speculations regarding its origin, became a worldwide health problem resulting in serious coronavirus disease 2019 (acronym covid-19). the concern regarding this new viral strain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (acronym sars-cov-2) and diseases it causes (covid-19) is well deserved at all levels. the inc ... | 2020 | 33196035 |
| multi-species elisa for the detection of antibodies against sars-cov-2 in animals. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused a pandemic with millions of infected humans and hundreds of thousands of fatalities. as the novel disease - referred to as covid-19 - unfolded, occasional anthropozoonotic infections of animals by owners or caretakers were reported in dogs, felid species and farmed mink. further species were shown to be susceptible under experimental conditions. the extent of natural infections of animals, however, is still largely unknown. ... | 2020 | 33191578 |
| risk factors for covid-19 among healthcare workers. a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. | evidence on the spectrum of risk factors for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) among front-line healthcare workers (hcws) has not been well-described. while several studies evaluating the risk factors associated with sars-cov-2 infection among patient-facing and non-patient-facing front-line hcws have been reported since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease in 2019 (covid-19), and several more are still underway. there is, therefore, an immediate need ... | 2021 | 33945546 |
| a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol examining the clinical characteristics and epidemiological features of olfactory dysfunction (od) in coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has caused recurring and major outbreaks in multiple human populations around the world. the plethora of clinical presentations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has been described extensively, of which olfactory dysfunction (od) was established as an important and common extrapulmonary manifestation of covid-19 infection. the aim of this protocol is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on peer-reviewed ar ... | 2021 | 33691796 |
| geriatric challenges in the new coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) pandemic: a systematic review. | background: during the covid-19 pandemic, elderly individuals (with the chronological age of 65 years and above) are more susceptible to the sars-cov-2 infection complications due to altered immune system response and the higher rate of underlying comorbidities. a vast majority of mortalities are reported in elderly patients; thus, this study aimed to evaluate complications of covid-19 in elderly patients. methods: a systematic review was conducted according to moose guidelines. science direct, ... | 2020 | 33437719 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov-1) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infections in pregnancy - an overview. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov-1) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infections, like most other viruses that affect the respiratory tract can cause severe maternal illness and adverse pregnancy outcomes. they are not only highly transmissible (acquired through droplets), but host reservoirs such as dromedary camels for mers-cov and masked palm civet for sars-cov-1 are critical links in the onset of outbreaks. clinically they present with flu-lik ... | 2021 | 34218204 |
| multimeric nanobodies from camelid engineered mice and llamas potently neutralize sars-cov-2 variants. | since the start of the coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has caused more than 2 million deaths worldwide. multiple vaccines have been deployed to date, but the continual evolution of the viral receptor-binding domain (rbd) has recently challenged their efficacy. in particular, sars-cov-2 variants originating in the u.k. (b.1.1.7), south africa (b.1.351) and new york (b.1.526) have reduced neutralization activity from conval ... | 2021 | 33688659 |
| the recombination potential between sars-cov-2 and mers-cov from cross-species spill-over infections. | countries in the middle-east (me) are tackling two corona virus outbreaks simultaneously, middle-eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). both viruses infect the same host (humans) and the same cell (type-ii alveolar cells) causing lower respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia. molecularly, mers-cov and sars-cov-2 enter alveolar cells via spike proteins recognizing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and angiotensin conv ... | 2020 | 33605109 |
| dromedary camels as a natural source of neutralizing nanobodies against sars-cov-2. | the development of prophylactic and therapeutic agents for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is a current global health priority. here, we investigated the presence of cross-neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in dromedary camels that were middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) seropositive but mers-cov free. the tested 229 dromedaries had anti-mers-cov camel antibodies with variable cross-reactivity patterns against sar ... | 2021 | 33529170 |
| immunogenic potential of dna vaccine candidate, zycov-d against sars-cov-2 in animal models. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), initially originated in china in year 2019 and spread rapidly across the globe within 5 months, causing over 96 million cases of infection and over 2 million deaths. huge efforts were undertaken to bring the covid-19 vaccines in clinical development, so that it can be made available at the earliest, if found to be efficacious in the trials. we developed a candidate vaccine zycov-d comprising of a dna plasmid vector carrying the gene e ... | 2021 | 34120764 |
| zika virus and host interactions: from the bench to the bedside and beyond. | before the emergence of sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the causative agent of the current covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic [...]. | 2020 | 33198165 |
| resveratrol and pterostilbene inhibit sars-cov-2 replication in air-liquid interface cultured human primary bronchial epithelial cells. | the current covid-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and has an enormous impact on human health and economy. in search for therapeutic options, researchers have proposed resveratrol, a food supplement with known antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties as an advantageous antiviral therapy for sars-cov-2 infection. here, we provide evidence that both resveratrol and its metabolically more stable structural analog, pterostilbene, e ... | 2021 | 34372541 |
| treatment with dry hydrogen peroxide accelerates the decay of severe acute syndrome coronavirus-2 on non-porous hard surfaces. | disinfection of contaminated or potentially contaminated surfaces has become an integral part of the mitigation strategies for controlling coronavirus disease 2019. whilst a broad range of disinfectants are effective in inactivating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), application of disinfectants has a low throughput in areas that receive treatments. disinfection of large surface areas often involves the use of reactive microbiocidal materials, including ultraviolet ger ... | 2021 | 34273464 |
| animal models of covid-19 ii. comparative immunology. | developing strong animal models is essential for furthering our understanding of how the immune system functions in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. the alarming speed at which sars-cov-2 has spread, and the high mortality rate of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), has required both basic science and clinical research to move at an unprecedented pace. models previously developed to study the immune response against sars-cov have been ra ... | 2021 | 33914873 |
| overcoming culture restriction for sars-cov-2 in human cells facilitates the screening of compounds inhibiting viral replication. | efforts to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic include the screening of existing antiviral molecules that could be repurposed to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infections. although sars-cov-2 replicates and propagates efficiently in african green monkey kidney (vero) cells, antivirals such as nucleos(t)ide analogs (nucs) often show decreased activity in these cells due to inefficient metabolization. sars-cov-2 exhibits low viability in hu ... | 2021 | 33903110 |
| animal models of covid-19. i. comparative virology and disease pathogenesis. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has fueled unprecedented development of animal models to understand disease pathogenesis, test therapeutics, and support vaccine development. models previously developed to study severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) have been rapidly deployed to study sars-cov-2. however, it has become clear that despite the common use of ace2 as a receptor for both viruses, the host range of the 2 viruses does not entirely overlap. distinct ac ... | 2021 | 33836527 |
| use of convalescent serum reduces severity of covid-19 in nonhuman primates. | passive transfer of convalescent plasma or serum is a time-honored strategy for treating infectious diseases. human convalescent plasma containing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is currently being used to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 where clinical efficacy trials are ongoing. here, we assess therapeutic passive transfer in groups of sars-cov-2-infected african green monkeys with convalescent sera containing either high or low anti ... | 2021 | 33662255 |
| single-cell rna sequencing reveals sars-cov-2 infection dynamics in lungs of african green monkeys. | detailed knowledge about the dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection is important for uncovering the viral and host factors that contribute to coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pathogenesis. old-world nonhuman primates recapitulate mild to moderate cases of covid-19, thereby serving as important pathogenesis models. we compared african green monkeys inoculated with infectious sars-cov-2 or irradiated, inactivated virus to study the dynamics of virus r ... | 2021 | 33431511 |
| establishment of an african green monkey model for covid-19 and protection against re-infection. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is responsible for an unprecedented global pandemic of covid-19. animal models are urgently needed to study the pathogenesis of covid-19 and to screen vaccines and treatments. we show that african green monkeys (agms) support robust sars-cov-2 replication and develop pronounced respiratory disease, which may more accurately reflect human covid-19 cases than other nonhuman primate species. sars-cov-2 was detected in mucosal samples, inc ... | 2020 | 33235385 |
| structural and functional characterization of sars-cov-2 rbd domains produced in mammalian cells. | as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic is still ongoing and dramatically influences our life, the need for recombinant viral proteins for diagnostics, vaccine development, and research is very high. the spike (s) protein, and particularly its receptor-binding domain (rbd), mediates the interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) receptor on host cells and may be modulated by its structural features. therefore, well-characterized recombinant r ... | 2021 | 33871970 |
| preclinical development of a molecular clamp-stabilised subunit vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. | efforts to develop and deploy effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) continue at pace. here, we describe rational antigen design through to manufacturability and vaccine efficacy of a prefusion-stabilised spike (s) protein, sclamp, in combination with the licensed adjuvant mf59 'mf59c.1' (seqirus, parkville, australia). | 2021 | 33841880 |
| development of a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein. | the outbreak and worldwide pandemic of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) have a significant impact on global economy and human health. in order to reduce the disease spread, 16 monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) again sars-cov-2 were generated by immunized mice with the spike protein receptor binding domain (rbd), which was expressed in chinese hamster ovary cell (cho). a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip was developed with two mcabs to detect sars- ... | 2021 | 33777026 |
| high-level expression of the monomeric sars-cov-2 s protein rbd 320-537 in stably transfected cho cells by the eef1a1-based plasmid vector. | the spike (s) protein is one of the three proteins forming the coronaviruses' viral envelope. the s protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has a spatial structure similar to the s proteins of other mammalian coronaviruses, except for a unique receptor-binding domain (rbd), which is a significant inducer of host immune response. recombinant sars-cov-2 rbd is widely used as a highly specific minimal antigen for serological tests. correct exposure of antigenic d ... | 2021 | 33529230 |
| early detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies as a serologic marker of infection in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. | thousands of medical staff have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), with hundreds of deaths reported. such loss could be prevented if there were a serologic assay for sars-cov-2-specific antibodies for serological surveillance of its infection at the early stage of disease. | 2020 | 32357209 |
| peridomestic mammal susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. | wild animals have been implicated as the origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), but it is largely unknown how the virus affects most wildlife species and if wildlife could ultimately serve as a reservoir for maintaining the virus outside the human population. we show that several common peridomestic species, including deer mice, bushy-tailed woodrats, and striped skunks, are susceptible to infection and can shed the virus in respiratory secretions. in contrast, w ... | 2021 | 34286685 |
| novel and diverse non-rabies rhabdoviruses identified in bats with human exposure, south dakota, usa. | bats are a host and reservoir for a large number of viruses, many of which are zoonotic. in north america, the big brown bat (eptesicus fuscus) is widely distributed and common. big brown bats are a known reservoir for rabies virus, which, combined with their propensity to roost in human structures, necessitates testing for rabies virus following human exposure. the current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, likely of bat origin, illustrates the need for continue ... | 2020 | 33302422 |
| the second wave of sars-cov-2 circulation-antibody detection in the domestic cat population in germany. | registered cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infections in the german human population increased rapidly during the second wave of the sars-cov-2 pandemic in winter 2020/21. since domestic cats are susceptible to sars-cov-2, the occurrence of trans-species transmission needs to be monitored. a previous serosurvey during the first wave of the pandemic detected antibodies against sars-cov-2 in 0.65% of feline serum samples that were randomly sampled across germa ... | 2021 | 34072254 |
| serologic screening of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in cats and dogs during first coronavirus disease wave, the netherlands. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) can infect many animal species, including minks, cats, and dogs. to gain insights into sars-cov-2 infections in cats and dogs, we developed and validated a set of serologic assays, including elisa and virus neutralization. evaluation of samples from animals before they acquired coronavirus disease and samples from cats roaming sars-cov-2-positive mink farms confirmed the suitability of these assays for specific antibody detection. furt ... | 2021 | 33900184 |
| sars-cov-2 infection and antibody response in a symptomatic cat from italy with intestinal b-cell lymphoma. | since the coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic was first identified in early 2020, rare cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection in pet cats have been reported worldwide. some reports of cats with sars-cov-2 showed self-limiting respiratory or gastrointestinal disease after suspected human-to-feline transmission via close contact with humans with sars-cov-2. in the present study, we investigated a cat with sars-cov-2 that was presented to a private anima ... | 2021 | 33806922 |
| detection and genome sequencing of sars-cov-2 in a domestic cat with respiratory signs in switzerland. | since the emergence of coronavirus disease (covid-19) in late 2019, domestic cats have been demonstrated to be susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) under natural and experimental conditions. as pet cats often live in very close contact with their owners, it is essential to investigate sars-cov-2 infections in cats in a one-health context. this study reports the first sars-cov-2 infection in a cat in a covid-19-affected household in switzerland. the cat (cat ... | 2021 | 33802899 |
| sars cov-2 spike protein in silico interaction with ace2 receptors from wild and domestic species. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has been declared a pandemic by the world health organization (who), and since its first report, it has become a major public health concern. sars-cov-2 is closely related to sars-cov and sars-related bat coronaviruses, and it has been described to use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) as a receptor. natural sars-cov-2 infection in domestic and wildlife animals, measured by rt-qpcr, has been confirmed in different countries, e ... | 2021 | 33659022 |
| susceptibility and attenuated transmissibility of sars-cov-2 in domestic cats. | domestic cats, an important companion animal, can be infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). this has aroused concern regarding the ability of domestic cats to spread the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019. we systematically demonstrated the pathogenesis and transmissibility of sars-cov-2 in cats. serial passaging of the virus between cats dramatically attenuated the viral transmissibility, likely owing to variations of the amino acids in the receptor- ... | 2021 | 33605423 |
| protective immunity and persistent lung sequelae in domestic cats after sars-cov-2 infection. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 readily transmits between domestic cats. we found that domestic cats that recover from an initial infection might be protected from reinfection. however, we found long-term persistence of inflammation and other lung lesions after infection, despite a lack of clinical symptoms and limited viral replication in the lungs. | 2021 | 33496650 |
| occurrence of antibodies against sars-cov-2 in the domestic cat population of germany. | domestic cats (felis catus) are popular companion animals that live in close contact with their human owners. therefore, the risk of a trans-species spreading event between domestic cats and humans is ever-present. shortly after the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and its rapid spread around the world, the role of domestic cats in the transmission cycle was questioned. in the present study, the first large-scale survey of antibody occurrence in the d ... | 2020 | 33348613 |
| a household case evidences shorter shedding of sars-cov-2 in naturally infected cats compared to their human owners. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has been detected in domestic and wild cats. however, little is known about natural viral infections of domestic cats, although their importance for modelling disease spread, informing strategies for managing positive human-animal relationships and disease prevention. here, we describe the sars-cov-2 infection in a household of two human adults and sibling cats (one male and two females) using real-time rt-pcr, an elisa test, viral seq ... | 2021 | 33317424 |
| predicting the animal susceptibility and therapeutic drugs to sars-cov-2 based on spike glycoprotein combined with ace2. | recently, a few animals have been frequently reported to have been diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). whether they are sars-cov-2 intermediate hosts is worthy of great attention. the interaction of sars-cov-2 spike protein and its acceptor protein ace2 is an important issue in determining viral host range and cross-species infection, while the binding capacity of spike protein to ace2 of different species is unknown. here, we used the atomic structure mo ... | 2020 | 33193684 |
| endangered mountain gorillas and covid-19: one health lessons for prevention and preparedness during a global pandemic. | the world's 1063 mountain gorillas (gorilla beringei beringei) live in two subpopulations at the borders of the democratic republic of congo, rwanda, and uganda. the majority of mountain gorillas are human-habituated to facilitate tourism and research, which brings mountain gorillas into close proximity of people daily. wild great apes are proven to be susceptible to human pathogens, including viruses that have caused fatal respiratory disease in mountain gorillas (e.g., human metapneumovirus1 ) ... | 2021 | 34110030 |
| host- and species-dependent quasispecies divergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in non-human primate models. | recently, newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) have been continuously reported worldwide. however, the precise evaluation of sars-cov-2 microevolution in host is very limited because the exact genetic information of infected virus could not be acquired in human researches. in this report, we performed deep sequencing for seed virus and sars-cov-2 isolated in eight cynomolgus and rhesus macaques at 3 days postinoculation and evaluated single-nucl ... | 2021 | 34305860 |
| a recombinant spike protein subunit vaccine confers protective immunity against sars-cov-2 infection and transmission in hamsters. | multiple safe and effective vaccines that elicit immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) are necessary to respond to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. here, we developed a protein subunit vaccine composed of spike ectodomain protein (strifk) plus a nitrogen bisphosphonate-modified zinc-aluminum hybrid adjuvant (fh002c). strifk-fh002c generated substantially higher neutralizing antibody titers in mice, hamsters, and cynomolgus ... | 2021 | 34285130 |
| in vitro characterization of fitness and convalescent antibody neutralization of sars-cov-2 cluster 5 variant emerging in mink at danish farms. | in addition to humans, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) can transmit to animals that include hamsters, cats, dogs, mink, ferrets, tigers, lions, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus macaques, and treeshrew. among these, mink are particularly susceptible. indeed, 10 countries in europe and north america reported sars-cov-2 infection among mink on fur farms. in denmark, sars-cov-2 spread rapidly among mink farms and spilled-over back into humans, acquiring mutations/deletions wi ... | 2021 | 34248922 |
| pharmacokinetic profiles of a sars-cov-2 neutralizing antibody bd-604 in cynomolgus monkeys. | currently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has spread worldwide as a severe pandemic and effective therapeutic medications are urgently needed. as reported previously, bd-604 is a fully human monoclonal antibody with strong in vitro and in vivo neutralizing activity to sars-cov-2. | 2021 | 34215019 |
| sars-cov-2 aerosol exhaled by experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. | we analyzed size of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) aerosol particles shed by experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. most exhaled particles were small, and virus was mainly released early during infection. by postinfection day 6, no virus was detected in breath, but air in the isolator contained large quantities of aerosolized virus. | 2021 | 34152969 |
| cell-mimicking nanodecoys neutralize sars-cov-2 and mitigate lung injury in a non-human primate model of covid-19. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has grown into a global pandemic, and only a few antiviral treatments have been approved to date. angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) plays a fundamental role in sars-cov-2 pathogenesis because it allows viral entry into host cells. here we show that ace2 nanodecoys derived from human lung spheroid cells (lscs) can bind and neutralize sars-cov-2 and protect the host lung cells from inf ... | 2021 | 34140674 |
| plant-produced receptor-binding domain of sars-cov-2 elicits potent neutralizing responses in mice and non-human primates. | the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has affected global public health and economy. despite the substantial efforts, only few vaccines are currently approved and some are in the different stages of clinical trials. as the disease rapidly spreads, an affordable and effective vaccine is urgently needed. in this study, we investigated the immunogenicity of plant-produced receptor-binding domain (rbd) of sars-cov- ... | 2021 | 34054909 |
| sars-cov-2 in animals: potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2, previously 2019-ncov) is suspected of having originated in 2019 in china from a coronavirus infected bat of the genus rhinolophus. following the initial emergence, possibly facilitated by a mammalian bridge host, sars-cov-2 is currently transmitted across the globe via efficient human-to-human transmission. results obtained from experimental studies indicate that animal species such as cats, ferrets, raccoon dogs, cynomolgus macaques, ... | 2021 | 33892621 |
| the neutralizing antibody, ly-cov555, protects against sars-cov-2 infection in nonhuman primates. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) poses a public health threat for which preventive and therapeutic agents are urgently needed. neutralizing antibodies are a key class of therapeutics that may bridge widespread vaccination campaigns and offer a treatment solution in populations less responsive to vaccination. here, we report that high-throughput microfluidic screening of antigen-specific b cells led to the identification of ly-cov555 (also known as bamlanivimab), a pot ... | 2021 | 33820835 |
| cova1-18 neutralizing antibody protects against sars-cov-2 in three preclinical models. | one year into the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), effective treatments are still needed 1-3 . monoclonal antibodies, given alone or as part of a therapeutic cocktail, have shown promising results in patients, raising the hope that they could play an important role in preventing clinical deterioration in severely ill or in exposed, high risk individuals 4-6 . here, we evaluated the prophylactic and therapeutic ef ... | 2021 | 33619476 |
| two-component spike nanoparticle vaccine protects macaques from sars-cov-2 infection. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic is continuing to disrupt personal lives, global healthcare systems, and economies. hence, there is an urgent need for a vaccine that prevents viral infection, transmission, and disease. here, we present a two-component protein-based nanoparticle vaccine that displays multiple copies of the sars-cov-2 spike protein. immunization studies show that this vaccine induces potent neutralizing antibody responses in mice, rabbits, ... | 2021 | 33577765 |
| neutralizing antibody-dependent and -independent immune responses against sars-cov-2 in cynomolgus macaques. | we examined the pathogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) in cynomolgus macaques for 28 days to establish an animal model of covid-19 for the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs. cynomolgus macaques infected with sars-cov-2 showed body temperature rises and x-ray radiographic pneumonia without life-threatening clinical signs of disease. a neutralizing antibody against sars-cov-2 and t-lymphocytes producing interferon (ifn)-γ specifically for sars-cov-2 ... | 2020 | 33412411 |
| bioinformatic evaluation of the potential animal models for studying sars-cov-2. | recently, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), a novel coronavirus, which results in corona virus disease 2019 (covid-19), has caused over 40 millions of people infected and over 1 million fatalities, challenging the public health. the recognition of its functional receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2), have facilitated the antivirus drugs testing and vaccines development. due to the natural resistance of mouse model to sars-cov-2, there is an urgent need ... | 2020 | 33364494 |
| a single-dose live-attenuated yf17d-vectored sars-cov-2 vaccine candidate. | the expanding pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) requires the development of safe, efficacious and fast-acting vaccines. several vaccine platforms are being leveraged for a rapid emergency response1. here we describe the development of a candidate vaccine (yf-s0) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) that uses live-attenuated yellow fever 17d (yf17d) vaccine as a vector to express a noncleavable prefusion form of the sars-cov-2 spike antigen. we assess vac ... | 2020 | 33260195 |
| northern pig-tailed macaques ( macaca leonina) infected with sars-cov-2 show rapid viral clearance and persistent immune response. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov-2), has become an unprecedented global health emergency. at present, sars-cov-2-infected nonhuman primates are considered the gold standard animal model for covid-19 research. here, we showed that northern pig-tailed macaques ( macaca leonina, npms) supported sars-cov-2 replication. furthermore, compared with rhesus macaques, npms showed rapid viral clearance in lung tissues, nose swab ... | 2021 | 33998182 |
| intranasal chadox1 ncov-19/azd1222 vaccination reduces viral shedding after sars-cov-2 d614g challenge in preclinical models. | chadox1 ncov-19/azd1222 is an approved adenovirus-based vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) currently being deployed globally. previous studies in rhesus macaques revealed that intramuscular vaccination with chadox1 ncov-19/azd1222 provided protection against pneumonia but did not reduce shedding of sars-cov-2 from the upper respiratory tract. here, we investigated whether intranasally administered chadox1 ncov-19 reduces detection of virus in nasal swabs aft ... | 2021 | 34315826 |
| recovery from acute sars-cov-2 infection and development of anamnestic immune responses in t cell-depleted rhesus macaques. | severe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has been associated with t cell lymphopenia, but no causal effect of t cell deficiency on disease severity has been established. to investigate the specific role of t cells in recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infections, we studied rhesus macaques that were depleted of either cd4+, cd8+, or both t cell subsets prior to infection. peak virus loads were similar in all groups, but the resolution of virus in the t c ... | 2021 | 34311582 |
| interferon-armed rbd dimer enhances the immunogenicity of rbd for sterilizing immunity against sars-cov-2. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused a global crisis, urgently necessitating the development of safe, efficacious, convenient-to-store, and low-cost vaccine options. a major challenge is that the receptor-binding domain (rbd)-only vaccine fails to trigger long-lasting protective immunity if used alone for vaccination. to enhance antigen processing and cross-presentation in draining lymph nodes (dlns), we developed an interferon (ifn)-armed rbd dimerized by an i ... | 2021 | 34267349 |
| a human antibody of potent efficacy against sars-cov-2 in rhesus macaques showed strong blocking activity to b.1.351. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), which causes coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19), interacts with the host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hace2) via its spike 1 protein during infection. after the virus sequence was published, we identified two potent antibodies against the sars-cov-2 receptor binding domain (rbd) from antibody libraries using a phage-to-yeast (pty) display platform in only 10 days. our lead antibody jmb2002, now in a phase 1 clinical ... | 2021 | 34097570 |
| a synthetic peptide ctl vaccine targeting nucleocapsid confers protection from sars-cov-2 challenge in rhesus macaques. | persistent transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has given rise to a covid-19 pandemic. several vaccines, conceived in 2020, that evoke protective spike antibody responses are being deployed in mass public health vaccination programs. recent data suggests, however, that as sequence variation in the spike genome accumulates, some vaccines may lose efficacy. | 2021 | 34070152 |
| compartmental model suggests importance of innate immune response to covid-19 infection in rhesus macaques. | the pandemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has quickly spread worldwide, creating a serious health crisis. the virus is primarily associated with flu-like symptoms but can also lead to severe pathologies and death. we here present an ordinary differential equation model of the intrahost immune response to sars-cov-2 infection, fitted to experimental data gleaned from rhesus macaques. the model is calibrated to data from a nonlethal infection, but the mo ... | 2021 | 34037874 |
| fab-dimerized glycan-reactive antibodies are a structural category of natural antibodies. | natural antibodies (abs) can target host glycans on the surface of pathogens. we studied the evolution of glycan-reactive b cells of rhesus macaques and humans using glycosylated hiv-1 envelope (env) as a model antigen. 2g12 is a broadly neutralizing ab (bnab) that targets a conserved glycan patch on env of geographically diverse hiv-1 strains using a unique heavy-chain (vh) domain-swapped architecture that results in fragment antigen-binding (fab) dimerization. here, we describe hiv-1 env fab-d ... | 2021 | 34019795 |
| identification of t cell epitopes in the spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in rhesus macaques. | the t cell response is an important detection index in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) vaccine development. the present study was undertaken to determine the t cell epitopes in the spike (s) protein of sars-cov-2 that dominate the t cell responses in sars-cov-2-infected patients. pbmcs from rhesus macaques vaccinated with a dna vaccine encoding the full-length s protein were isolated, and an elispot assay was used to identify the recognized t cell epitopes among a to ... | 2021 | 33980582 |
| structure and function analysis of a potent human neutralizing antibody ca521fala against sars-cov-2. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing covid-19 pandemic, which has resulted in more than two million deaths at 2021 february . there is currently no approved therapeutics for treating covid-19. the sars-cov-2 spike protein is considered a key therapeutic target by many researchers. here we describe the identification of several monoclonal antibodies that target sars-cov-2 spike protein. one human antibody, ca521fala, demonstrated neutr ... | 2021 | 33893388 |
| intradermal delivery of a synthetic dna vaccine protects macaques from middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | emerging coronaviruses from zoonotic reservoirs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), have been associated with human-to-human transmission and significant morbidity and mortality. here, we study both intradermal and intramuscular 2-dose delivery regimens of an advanced synthetic dna vaccine candidate encoding a full-length mers-cov spike (s) p ... | 2021 | 33886507 |