| correlation between humoral and cellular immune responses and the expression of the hepatitis a receptor havcr-1 on t cells after hepatitis a re-vaccination in high and low-responder vaccinees. | we recently published a study on the persistence of seroprotection 10 years after primary hepatitis a vaccination in an unselected study population of 1014 vaccinees. the majority of these vaccinees still exhibited sufficient protective antibody levels, while 2% displayed antibody concentrations below detection level. in order to investigate whether the low antibody levels were due to decline after primary vaccination or due to an intrinsic inability to sufficiently respond to hepatitis a antige ... | 2009 | 18996424 |
| hepatitis a, b, and c infection in a community of sub-saharan immigrants living in verona (italy). | in italy, about 5% of the population is represented by immigrants. the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in africa is very different from europe; the present study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis infections in sub-saharan african immigrants living in verona. | 2008 | 19006505 |
| biometric fingerprinting for visa application: device and procedure are risk factors for infection transmission. | biometric fingerprint identity verification is currently introduced in visa application and entry screening at border control. the system implies physical contact between the skin and the surface of the fingerprint-capturing and reading devices. | 2008 | 19006507 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a and b markers and vaccine indication in cirrhotic patients evaluated for liver transplantation in spain. | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) is generally recommended for patients with chronic liver disease and those evaluated for liver transplantation in the absence of immunity. hav and hbv infections after liver transplantation are frequent and associated with a worse prognosis. the data suggest that the number of patients with chronic liver disease without naturally acquired immunity against hav and hbv is substantial, and that new vaccination strategies are ne ... | 2008 | 19010155 |
| acute viral infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: description of 23 cases and review of the literature. | few studies have evaluated the impact of viral infections on the daily management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). we analyzed the etiology and clinical features of acute viral infections arising in patients with sle and their influence on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of sle. cases occurring within the last 5 years were selected from the databases of 3 large teaching hospitals. acute viral infections were confirmed by the identification of specific antiviral igm an ... | 2008 | 19011502 |
| liver stiffness measurement using fibroscan is influenced by serum total bilirubin in acute hepatitis. | liver stiffness measurement (lsm) using fibroscan is accepted as a highly reproducible and accurate technique for assessment of liver fibrosis. however, several studies have indicated that the lsm value can be significantly influenced by major changes in aminotransferases in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and lsm is unreliable for diagnosing underlying liver cirrhosis in patients with acute liver damage. we aimed to determine biochemical factors influencing the lsm value in patients with ... | 2009 | 19018979 |
| gallbladder wall thickening in patients with acute hepatitis. | gallbladder wall thickening (gwt) is often observed in patients with acute hepatitis (ah). however, little is known regarding the relationship between ah and gwt. we analyzed the characteristics of gwt in patients with ah. | 2009 | 19035335 |
| [studies on simultaneous detection of four foodborneviruses by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction]. | to establish a method for simultaneous detection of norovirus (nv), rotavirus (rv), astrovirus (av) and hepatitis a virus (hav) by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | 2008 | 19040044 |
| phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis a virus in sera from patients with hepatitis a of various severities. | we analysed the association of the 5' nontranslated region (5'ntr), nonstructural proteins 2b and 2c of the hepatitis a virus (hav) genome, whose mutations have previously been shown to be important for enhanced replication in cell culture systems, in order to align all our data and examine whether genomic differences in hav are responsible for the range of clinical severities. | 2009 | 19040539 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of behavioral interventions to improve vaccination compliance in homeless adults. | to estimate the cost-effectiveness of three behavioral interventions provided to enhance hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) joint vaccination (hav/hbv) compliance among homeless persons living in los angeles county. | 2009 | 19041351 |
| outbreaks where food workers have been implicated in the spread of foodborne disease. part 4. infective doses and pathogen carriage. | in this article, the fourth in a series reviewing the role of food workers in foodborne outbreaks, background information on the presence of enteric pathogens in the community, the numbers of organisms required to initiate an infection, and the length of carriage are presented. although workers have been implicated in outbreaks, they were not always aware of their infections, either because they were in the prodromic phase before symptoms began or because they were asymptomatic carriers. pathoge ... | 2008 | 19044283 |
| [clinical features of acute hepatitis a in recent two years]. | the purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical features of acute hepatitis a in seoul and gyeonggi province during the recent 2 years. | 2008 | 19077476 |
| [immunity against hepatitis a virus in patients with chronic hepatitis c]. | because of high fatality rate associated with acute infection by hepatitis a virus (hav) in chronic hepatitis c patients, it is of interest to know the prevalence of immunization against hav in these patients. | 2008 | 19080825 |
| effects of a nurse-managed program on hepatitis a and b vaccine completion among homeless adults. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection constitutes a major health problem for homeless persons. ability to complete an hbv vaccination series is complicated by the need to prioritize competing needs, such as addiction issues, safe places to sleep, and food, over health concerns. | 2009 | 19092551 |
| a simple and rapid hepatitis a virus (hav) titration assay based on antibiotic resistance of infected cells: evaluation of the hav neutralization potency of human immune globulin preparations. | hepatitis a virus (hav), the causative agent of acute hepatitis in humans, is an atypical picornaviridae that grows poorly in cell culture. hav titrations are laborious and time-consuming because the virus in general does not cause cytopathic effect and is detected by immunochemical or molecular probes. simple hav titration assays could be developed using currently available viral construct containing selectable markers. | 2008 | 19094229 |
| comparative susceptibilities of hepatitis a virus, feline calicivirus, bacteriophage ms2 and bacteriophage phix-174 to inactivation by quaternary ammonium and oxidative disinfectants. | | 2009 | 19095417 |
| [development of an extraction and concentration method for the detection of hepatitis a virus in different samples]. | to develop an extraction and concentration method for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) in shellfish, water, serum and saliva samples by nested rt-pcr. | 2008 | 19105352 |
| [efficacy of vaccination against hepatitis a in hiv infected adults from lodz region--preliminary report]. | to estimate the prevalence of anti-hav-t in the group of hiv-positive adults and to assess the efficacy of vaccination against viral hepatitis a. | 2008 | 19108525 |
| an epidemiological study of enteric viruses in sewage with molecular characterization by rt-pcr and sequence analysis. | the aim of this study was to assess the presence and seasonal frequency of various enteric viruses in wastewater treatment. the detection of astrovirus, norovirus, enterovirus, hepatitis a virus (hav) and rotavirus was carried out by molecular analyses in concentrated water samples collected over 18 months at the entrance and exit of an activated sludge sewage treatment plant. the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) results were confirmed by sequencing, and comparative phylo ... | 2008 | 19108555 |
| changing patterns of hepatitis a prevalence within the saudi population over the last 18 years. | to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis a (hav) amongst saudi children and compare it with previously reported prevalence data from the same population. | 2008 | 19109871 |
| use of a robotic rna purification protocol based on the nuclisens easymag for real-time rt-pcr detection of hepatitis a virus in bottled water. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis throughout the world. an important part of viral control is rapid detection of hav in drinking water contaminated with feces. one critical step in hav detection methods is sample preparation. the objective of this study was to test the efficacy of different approaches to extracting rna from hav-inoculated bottled water. the optimal method is based on viral concentration by filtration on membrane filters and elution o ... | 2009 | 19114058 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus in kuwait. | to find the current seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) in kuwait. | 2009 | 19115474 |
| proceedings of the first global meeting on hepatitis a virus infection, 2007, miami, florida, usa. | | 2008 | 19115479 |
| hav in isfahan province: a population-based study. | hepatitis a infection is caused by the hepatitis a virus (hav). improved sanitary conditions have resulted in a significant decline in the incidence of hepatitis a. there is inadequate data about the epidemiology of this infection in iran. therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the anti-hav seroprevalence in isfahan province in iran in 2006. | 2008 | 19115608 |
| inactivation of hepatitis a virus by heat and high hydrostatic pressure: variation among laboratory strains. | hepatitis a virus (hav) transmission via contaminated blood products has been reported. cell-adapted hav strains are generally used to confirm virus inactivation in manufacturing blood products, but the strains may differ in their sensitivity to inactivation treatment. to select an appropriate cell-adapted hav strain for virus validation, we compared the inactivation efficiency among four strains under two different physical inactivation treatments: heat and high hydrostatic pressure. | 2009 | 19121193 |
| functional recombinant human anti-hav antibody expressed in milk of transgenic mice. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a wide spread pathogenic agent and is the common cause of acute hepatitis a worldwide. passive immunization of hav plays an extremely important role in post-exposure prophylaxis with clinical applications often requiring large amounts of antibody. as an alternative to the in vitro production of recombinant proteins, expression of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in the milk of transgenic animals is currently used being associated with low production costs and high activity ... | 2009 | 19130282 |
| childhood hepatitis a virus infection complicated by bell's palsy. | | 2009 | 19131587 |
| childhood hepatitis a virus infection complicated by pseudotumor cerebri. | a 4-year-old male child with hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is presented. his disease course was complicated by the development of pseudotumor cerebri (pc), as evidenced by symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure in the presence of normal cerebrospinal fluid examination and cranial magnetic resonance scan. the neurological examination was normal with the exception of the right-sided sixth cranial nerve paresis. his neurological course was uncomplicated with spontaneous recovery ... | 2009 | 19139677 |
| new target tissue for food-borne virus detection in oysters. | to evaluate the different tissues of naturally contaminated oyster for food-borne virus detection. methods and | 2008 | 19146529 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus isolates from goiânia, gioás, brazil. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a public health problem worldwide and the virus has been classified into six genotypes. in brazil, the only genotype that has been found is genotype i, predominately from subgenotype ia. here, the hav genotypes were analyzed of 18 isolates circulating between 1996-2001 in goiânia, state of goiás, brazil. viral rna was extracted from 18 serum samples and amplified (rt-pcr/nested-pcr), followed by the genomic sequencing of the vp1/2a junction region of the hav ... | 2008 | 19148425 |
| 3 for life: a model pilot program to prevent hepatitis b virus infection and liver cancer in asian and pacific islander americans. | 3 for life aims to increase hepatitis b virus (hbv) awareness and reduce the high prevalence of undiagnosed chronic hbv infection and susceptibility among asian/pacific islander (api) adults. | 2009 | 19149422 |
| outbreaks of hepatitis a among children in western india. | hepatitis a in most developing countries is a sporadic childhood disease, but lately focal outbreaks have been observed among children in india. during 2004, we investigated a large-scale outbreak of hepatitis among children living in a residential colony in daund taluka of district pune in the western region of india. in total, 123 overt and 56 sub-clinical cases were detected. all the patients were reactive for igm antibodies against hepatitis a virus (igm anti-hav) and were negative for igm a ... | 2009 | 19155033 |
| oncostatin m enhances the antiviral effects of type i interferon and activates immunostimulatory functions in liver epithelial cells. | oncostatin m (osm) is released together with type i interferon (ifn) by activated dendritic cells, suggesting a concerted action of these cytokines in the biological response against infection. we found that osm increases the antiviral effect of ifn-alpha in huh7 hepatoma cells infected with hepatitis a or hepatitis c virus and synergizes with ifn-alpha in the induction of antiviral genes. the combination of osm and ifn-alpha led to upregulation of both stat1 and stat3 together with intense and ... | 2009 | 19158240 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies among a sample of egyptian children. | we determined the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies (hav ab) among 296 egyptian children aged 2.5-18 years of different social classes to ascertain whether to give hav vaccine early in life or to leave children to acquire natural immunity. overall 61.4% were seropositive for hav ab. there was a significant increase in the seroprevalence of hav ab with higher age and lower social class; in children aged < 6 years, 72.7% of high and 19.0% of low social class were seronegative for hav ... | 2008 | 19161074 |
| cost-effectiveness of prescreening versus empirical vaccination for hepatitis a in egyptian children with chronic liver disease. | the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) antibodies among 172 children with chronic liver disease, and to calculate the cost-effectiveness of prescreening prior to hepatitis a vaccination. anti-hav antibodies were positive in 85.1%. however, seroprevalence of anti-hav antibodies was 62.1% in children < 5 years and 94.4% in children 5+ years. we conclude that while it is cost-effective to do prescreening before hepatitis a vaccination for children ... | 2008 | 19166163 |
| clinical and molecular characteristics of hepatitis a virus infections during the years 1992-2003 in ogaki, a centrally located city of japan. | the emergence of imported hepatitis a virus (hav) strains from other regions is a feature of acute hepatitis a in developed countries as well as the decrease in number of cases. | 2009 | 19167923 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody among bangladeshi children and young adults warrants pre-immunization screening of antibody in hav vaccination strategy. | serum samples from 465 subjects aged between 1 and 25 years were tested for antibody against hepatitis a virus (hav) [anti-hav igg and igm] to determine the seroprevalence of hav antibody and do a cost-benefit analysis for decision making about vaccination against hav among the general population of bangladesh. a high prevalence of anti-hav (74.8%) was observed in the study population; the whole study population was found positive for anti-hav by the age of 25 years. on performing the cost-benef ... | 2009 | 19172060 |
| [comparison of the reliability of two elisa kits for detecting igm antibody against hepatitis e virus]. | to study the reliability of two elisa kits for detecting igm antibody against hepatitis e virus (hev). | 2008 | 19175178 |
| simian hepatitis a virus derived from a captive rhesus monkey in india is similar to the strain isolated from wild african green monkeys in kenya. | summary: a simian hepatitis a virus (hav) was identified retrospectively in a faecal sample from a rhesus monkey in india, inoculated in 1995 with a faecal suspension from a suspected patient of non-a to e hepatitis. the monkey was in captivity for 2 years in one of the experimental primate facilities in western india before being moved to the national institute of virology, pune for experimentation. phylogenetic analysis based on a partial sequence of the 5' noncoding region placed this virus i ... | 2009 | 19175880 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a associated with the consumption of raw beef. | in july 2004, a sharp increase of hepatitis a, a notifiable disease in belgium, was detected. | 2009 | 19179106 |
| innovation and discovery: the application of nucleic acid-based technology to avian virus detection and characterization. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based approaches to the detection, differentiation and characterization of avian pathogens continue to be developed and refined. the pcrs, or reverse transcriptase-pcrs, may be general, designed to detect all or most variants of a pathogen, or to be serotype, genotype or pathotype specific. progress is being made with respect to making nucleic acid approaches more suitable for use in diagnostic laboratories. robotic workstations are now available for extraction of ... | 2001 | 19184952 |
| influence of ph, salt, and temperature on pressure inactivation of hepatitis a virus. | the effects of ph (3-7), nacl (0-6%), and temperature on pressure inactivation of hepatitis a virus (hav) were determined. the hav samples were treated at 400 mpa for 1 min at 5, 20, and 50 degrees c. decreasing solution ph enhanced pressure inactivation of hav. this enhanced inactivation effect was most evident at 20 degrees c. a baroprotective effect was observed for nacl concentrations from 1 to 6%. for example, a treatment of 400 megapascals (mpa) for 1 min at 50 degrees c reduced the hav ti ... | 2009 | 19187994 |
| hepatitis e epidemic with bimodal peak in a town of north india. | an epidemic of viral hepatitis occurred in mandi gobindgarh town of punjab in northern india during year 2005-06. an attempt was made to study the outbreak clinically, serologically, and etiologically. | 2008 | 19189818 |
| lamivudine monotherapy for chronic hepatitis b infection with acute exacerbation revisited. | acute exacerbation (ae) of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in cancer chemotherapy patients and in organ transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressants may cause catastrophe and high mortality. hence, immediate treatment with nucleoside analogues for such patients has become a consensus. anti-hbv therapeutic trials in asia have shown that ae of chronic hepatitis b (ch-b) may result in increased sustained remission (sr) rate with lamivudine monotherapy. nonetheless, ae episodes in ch ... | 2009 | 19190496 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus infection in persons with hiv infection in taiwan: implications for hepatitis a vaccination. | to retrospectively determine the prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) antibody in hiv-positive persons with different routes of hiv exposure and to describe its characteristics in order to guide vaccination policy. | 2009 | 19208490 |
| hepatitis e virus is a leading cause of acute-on-chronic liver disease: experience from a tertiary centre in bangladesh. | acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) is common in bangladesh. acute viral e hepatitis is sporadically encountered in this country each year, with a rising incidence in the rainy season. this study aimed to identify the etiology of aclf in bangladesh. | 2009 | 19208515 |
| the expression, purification, and immunogenicity of a new chimeric virus-like particle. | virus-like particles (vlps) are highly immunogenic. in this study, gene fragments encoding hepatitis a virus (hav) vp1 (aa 24-171), a hepatitis e virus (hev) orf2 gene fragment encoding aa 431-615, and gene fragments encoding a nine-peptide linker were spliced together. the spliced gene fragments were then inserted into the expression vector pbv220, resulting in the recombinant plasmid pbv-ea342, which expressed a 342-amino acid fusion protein. the fusion protein was expressed in escherichia col ... | 2009 | 19210228 |
| safety of switching nevirapine twice daily to nevirapine once daily in virologically suppressed patients. | the strategy of switching nevirapine (nvp) twice daily to once daily was evaluated. | 2009 | 19214120 |
| should brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis c virus infection be vaccinated against hepatitis a virus? | hepatitis a virus (hav) superinfection is associated with a high risk of liver failure and death in patients with hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of serological and molecular hav markers in a population of hcv-infected patients in order to determine a cost-effective strategy to vaccinate against hav. | 2009 | 19215334 |
| epidemiological study of hepatitis a, b and c in the largest afro-brazilian isolated community. | this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and molecular epidemiological features of viral hepatitis a, b and c in the kalunga population, which represents the largest afro-brazilian isolated community. among 878 individuals studied, the overall prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus antibodies was 80.9%, with a significant rise from 44.8% to near 100% between the first and fourth decade of life. rates for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti- ... | 2009 | 19217131 |
| presence and environmental circulation of enteric viruses in three different wastewater treatment plants. | the aim of the work was to evaluate the circulation of the viruses and to determine a correlation between faecal indicators and viruses. | 2009 | 19226391 |
| detection and characterization of hepatitis a virus and norovirus in estuarine water samples using ultrafiltration--rt-pcr integrated methods. | waterborne outbreaks of hepatitis a and norovirus disease have been reported and associated with contaminated water supply in various countries. however, in mexico, there are no studies that report hav and nv presence in water. this study reports the application of ultrafiltration and rt-nested pcr methods to concentrate and identify these viruses. | 2009 | 19226401 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a among greek children indicates that the virus is still prevalent: implications for universal vaccination. | a national cross-sectional seroprevalence survey was conducted in order to evaluate the current seroepidemiology of hepatitis a among 1,383 children, aged 0-14 years, residing in greece. stratification of the study population was conducted according to age and area of residence. sera from study participants were tested for the presence of anti-hav igg antibodies. immigrant children, as well as children residing in rural areas, had lower immunization rates. among unvaccinated children, the seropr ... | 2009 | 19235841 |
| serological evidence of infections and type 2 diabetes: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis. | prospective studies have identified chronic inflammation as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. however, it is not known whether infection by specific pathogens or having a greater 'pathogen burden' is associated with diabetes. the aim of this study was to examine the cross-sectional relation of seropositivity to five pathogens (chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, helicobacter pylori, hepatitis a virus, herpes simplex virus) and prevalent diabetes. | 2009 | 19236617 |
| chlorine inactivation of coliphage ms2 on strawberries by industrial-scale water washing units. | fruits and vegetables (produce) intended for minimal processing are often rinsed or washed in water. chlorine and other sanitizers are used during washing to inactivate produce spoilage microbes, but such procedures may also inactivate pathogens epidemiologically linked to produce, such as hepatitis a virus (hav). however, no information exists on the efficacy of chlorinated wash water to inactivate hav and other viruses on produce in actual practice, because of obvious safety concerns. in contr ... | 2009 | 19240350 |
| feasibility of completing an accelerated vaccine series for homeless adults. | homeless adults are at high risk for hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. in addition to culturally sensitive programmes designed to enhance vaccination compliance, accelerated hbv vaccination (three doses over 21 days) have also been suggested to improve compliance among high-risk groups. in this paper, we examined predictors of completers of two of three doses of a hav/hbv vaccine series, normally delivered over a 6-month period, to simulate compliance with an accelerated series, dosed over 4 we ... | 2009 | 19245384 |
| epidemiological transition of hepatitis a in india: issues for vaccination in developing countries. | with improvement in economic and living conditions of the communities, the age of acquiring hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is shifting from early childhood to adolescence and young adulthood. such epidemiological shift leads to an increased incidence of symptomatic hav infection, including heightened risk of liver failure. data from india indicate that the population is no longer homogeneous for its hav exposure profile. occasional outbreaks of hav and higher proportions of symptomatic cases ... | 2008 | 19246792 |
| waterborne adenovirus. | adenoviruses are associated with numerous disease outbreaks, particularly those involving d-cares, schools, children's camps, hospitals and other health care centers, and military settings. in addition, adenoviruses have been responsible for many recreational water outbreaks, including a great number of swimming pool outbreaks than any other waterborne virus (gerba and enriquez 1997). two drinking water outbreaks have been documented for adenovirus (divizia et al. 2004; kukkula et al. 1997) but ... | 2009 | 19253037 |
| hepatitis e: a common cause of acute viral hepatitis. | to investigate the etiology of acute hepatitis in adult patients admitted in a hospital. | 2009 | 19260572 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus rna from children patients with acute and fulminant hepatitis of unknown etiology in vietnam: genomic characterization of vietnamese hav strain. | although it is thought that vietnam is a high endemic region of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, there is no report on genomic characterization of hav spread in vietnam. the purpose of the present paper was therefore to identify various virus infections from 33 children with acute or fulminant hepatitis of unknown etiology admitted to children's hospital no.1 in ho chi minh city, vietnam. | 2008 | 19261107 |
| clinical features and predictors of outcome in acute hepatitis a and hepatitis e virus hepatitis on cirrhosis. | acute hepatitis a and e are recognized triggers of hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis, particularly from the indian subcontinent. however, the resulting acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) has not been well characterized and no large studies are available. our study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile and predictors of 3-month mortality in patients with this distinctive form of liver failure. | 2009 | 19267864 |
| foodborne outbreaks, austria 2007. | in 2007 austria reported a total of 438 foodborne outbreaks affecting 1715 people, including 286 hospitalized patients and one death. salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. accounted for 95% of all reported outbreaks. forty-eight (11%) of the 438 austrian outbreaks were acquired abroad. of the 390 domestically acquired foodborne outbreaks, bacterial infection caused 376, viruses (norovirus and 1-time hepatitis a virus) caused 11, and intoxications (staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, alkaloid to ... | 2009 | 19280130 |
| overlap syndrome triggered by acute viral hepatitis a. | we report the case of a 24-year-old woman with an autoimmune hepatitis/primary biliary cirrhosis overlap syndrome triggered by an acute hepatitis a. a number of viruses have been proposed as potential triggers of autoimmune hepatitis in patients with genetic predisposition. to date, approximately 10 cases of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis following hepatitis a virus infection have been published in the medical literature. to our knowledge, this is the first case of overlap syndrome triggered by an ... | 2009 | 19282766 |
| dengue fever with hepatitis e and hepatitis a infection. | infection with dengue viruses produces a spectrum of clinical illness ranging from a nonspecific viral syndrome to severe and fatal haemorrhagic disease. important risk factors include the strain and serotype of the infecting virus, as well as the age, immune status, and genetic predisposition of the patient. the teaching point in this case study was dengue fever which occurred concomitantly with hepatitis a and hepatitis e virus infection. | 2009 | 19288948 |
| pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of pediatric guillain-barré syndrome with antecedent acute hepatitis a virus infection. | pharyngeal-cervical-brachial weakness is considered a variant of guillain-barré syndrome with limited oropharyngeal, neck, and upper limb muscle involvement. the authors report on a 7-year-old boy, who developed pharyngeal-cervical-brachial type of guillain-barré syndrome following an antecedent episode of acute hepatitis a virus infection, 2 weeks prior to admission. the presentation was characterized by acute onset dysphagia, loss of head control, and bilateral arm weakness. the diagnosis was ... | 2009 | 19295182 |
| the effect of universal toddlers-only hepatitis a virus vaccination program on seropositivity rate in unvaccinated toddlers: evidence for reduced virus circulation in the community. | in july 1999, a national toddler-only hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination program was introduced in israel. passive and active surveillance showed a large reduction in disease rate, but an objective measurement was needed. we hypothesized that toddler's vaccination in a population living in an endemic area would reduce virus circulation, resulting in reduced hav seropositivity rates in unvaccinated toddlers. | 2009 | 19295466 |
| evaluation of murine norovirus as a surrogate for human norovirus and hepatitis a virus in heat inactivation studies. | to determine the suitability of murine norovirus (mnv) as a surrogate for human norovirus (hunov) in heat inactivation studies. | 2009 | 19298511 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence in tuscany, italy. | information regarding the current seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) is useful for the control of hav infections. the objective of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-hav antibodies among children (1-5 years old) and young adults (15-20 years old) in tuscany, in central italy. a total of 565 sera were collected in three years 1992, 1998 and 2004, equally distributed between the two age groups. the overal proportion of those that tested positive for anti-hav antibodies was 8.3 ... | 2009 | 19317984 |
| an oyster-associated hepatitis a outbreak in france in 2007. | following the notification of nine hepatitis a cases clustered in the cotes d armor district in northwestern france, epidemiological, environmental and microbiological investigations were set up in order to identify the source and vehicle of contamination and implement control measures. in total, 111 cases were identified in the outbreak, all of whom lived or had stayed as tourists in the cotes d armor district. of the cases, 87% had eaten raw shellfish, and 81% specifically oysters. traceback i ... | 2009 | 19317985 |
| a shot in the rear, not a shot in the dark: application of a mass clinic framework in a public health emergency. | an outbreak of foodborne hepatitis a infection compelled two regional health departments in eastern tennessee to implement an emergency mass clinic for providing hepatitis immune serum globulin (isg) to several thousand potentially exposed people. for the mass clinic framework, we utilized the smallpox post-event clinic plans of the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), although the plans had only been exercised for smallpox. following cdc's guidelines for staffing and organizing the ... | 2009 | 19320362 |
| use of dried serum spots for serological and molecular detection of hepatitis a virus. | we assessed the feasibility of using dried serum spots (dss) for the serological and molecular diagnosis of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. sixty-eight sera spotted onto filter papers (whatman international ltd., united kingdom) were used for detection of total anti-hav antibodies, and 64 sera were used for detection of immunoglobulin m antibody to hav. dss were stored at 4 degrees c, room temperature, and 37 degrees c for 1, 2, and 4 weeks. sensitivity and specificity of the serological assa ... | 2009 | 19321728 |
| foodborne outbreaks and agricultural practices: should public health prevention start in the field? | | 2009 | 19326672 |
| post-exposure prophylaxis for hepatitis a: immune globulin, vaccine or both? | | 2008 | 19350959 |
| hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccination responses in persons with chronic hepatitis c infections: a review of the evidence and current recommendations. | in persons with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections, superinfection by hepatitis a virus (hav) or hepatitis b virus (hbv) can cause serious complications, including fulminating hepatitis or increased severity of hepatitis. therefore, it is important to adequately protect persons with chronic hcv infections by immunization. suboptimal response to vaccines has been reported in patients with chronic liver disease. the present article reviews hav and hbv vaccine responses reported in the lite ... | 2008 | 19352452 |
| an individual-based model of hepatitis a transmission. | viral hepatitis a, as other endemic diseases, represents a public health priority worldwide. to study long-time scale human pathogens through individual-based simulations, the development of a dynamic network of contacts is required. in this work, we introduce an individual-based model accounting for the birth and death of the individuals, the generation of new households, and the educational career of the individuals, in order to investigate viral hepatitis a dynamics in the most affected itali ... | 2009 | 19361529 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence and demographics in turkish children in ankara. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most common cause of hepatitis in childhood and an important public health problem. the objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis a and patient demographics in children between 1 and 15 years old who were admitted to a pediatric outpatient clinic in ankara, turkey. | 2009 | 19371270 |
| activation of the 2-5oas/rnase l pathway in cvb1 or hav/18f infected frhk-4 cells does not require induction of oas1 or oas2 expression. | the latent, constitutively expressed protein rnase l is activated in coxsackievirus and hav strain 18f infected frhk-4 cells. endogenous oligoadenylate synthetase (oas) from uninfected and virus infected cell extracts synthesizes active forms of the triphosphorylated 2-5a oligomer (the only known activator of rnase l) in vitro and endogenous 2-5a is detected in infected cell extracts. however, only the largest oas isoform, oas3, is readily detected throughout the time course of infection. while ... | 2009 | 19383565 |
| the feline calicivirus as a sample process control for the detection of food and waterborne rna viruses. | many food and waterborne outbreaks of infectious disease are caused by viruses. while numerous methods exist and are being developed to test food and water for the presence of enteric viruses, there is no standard control for the comparison of different methods. potential control viruses should be well characterized, share the physical characteristics of the enterically infecting viruses and not normally be associated with foods. here, the feline calicivirus (fcv) is proposed as a sample process ... | 2009 | 19394102 |
| inactivation of enteric viruses in minimally processed berries and herbs. | several hepatitis a virus (hav) and human norovirus (hunov) outbreaks due to consumption of contaminated berries and vegetables have recently been reported. model experiments were performed to determine the effectiveness of freeze-drying, freeze-drying combined with heating, and steam blanching for inactivation of enteric viruses that might be present on the surface of berries and herbs. inactivation of hav and inactivation of feline calicivirus, a surrogate for hunov, were assessed by viral cul ... | 2009 | 19395576 |
| [prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a and b in hiv-1-infected children and adolescents]. | patients coinfected with hiv and hepatitis b virus (hbv) have a higher risk of developing chronic hbv infection and a higher risk of hepatotoxicity. hepatitis a virus (hav) in hiv-infected patients may require antiretroviral treatment interruption, producing prolonged viremia. in this study, we assess the prevalence of protective antibodies in these patients. | 2009 | 19403205 |
| unilateral palatal and abducens palsy in childhood hepatitis a virus infection. | isolated cranial nerve paresis in childhood hepatitis a virus infection is rare. the authors report an instance of concomitant right-hand side palatal and abducens palsy, developing in the course of an otherwise uncomplicated hepatitis a virus infection in a 5-year-old girl. the neurological complications were transient, and she recovered completely with supportive therapy. | 2009 | 19406760 |
| evidence of vaccine protection among thai medical students and implications for occupational health. | in a cross-sectional study of thai medical students, we compared the seroprevalence of antibody to measles virus, rubella virus, varicella zoster virus, hepatitis a virus, and hepatitis b virus with self-reports of prior infection or vaccination. self-report predicted immunity to varicella zoster virus only. these data contribute to risk assessment and occupational health strategies in this resource-limited setting. | 2009 | 19419330 |
| community transmission of hepatitis b virus in egypt: results from a case-control study in greater cairo. | to identify current risk factors for hepatitis b virus (hbv) transmission in greater cairo. | 2009 | 19420088 |
| synthesis of new acridines and hydrazones derived from cyclic beta-diketone for cytotoxic and antiviral evaluation. | cyclic beta-diketone namely, dimedone was utilized to prepare different chemical entities whether cyclic such as acridines, thiadiazole and triazole or acyclic systems as hydrazide, hydrazones, thiosemicarbazide and semicarbazide. the structures of the novel compounds were determined using elemental analyses and various spectroscopic methods. most acyclic derivatives especially semicarbazide 19, hydrazide 9 and thiosemicarbazide 16 showed a higher in vitro cytotoxic activity against hepatoma cel ... | 2009 | 19423201 |
| the role of injection versus socioeconomic factors in hepatitis a virus infection among young heroin users: implications for vaccination policies. | the aim of this study was to determine whether heroin users have a higher prevalence of hav infection than the general population in spain, and whether injection is an independent risk factor. a cross-sectional cohort study was conducted between april 2001 and december 2003 in spain that included 953 current heroin users aged 18-30 years. dried blood spot samples were tested for hav by elisa. the prevalence of hav infection (35.5%) was higher than in the general population of the same age. the l ... | 2009 | 19428878 |
| [sexually transmissible hepatitis viruses]. | the transmission of hepatitis viruses as a result of sexual activity is a common problem in medical practice. a system of stages is proposed to diagnose viral hepatitis. testing for anti-hbc, hbsag, anti-hav and anti-hcv is sufficient for initial screening. depending on the circumstances, this may be followed by further tests for hbv, hcv and hav. if initial screening provides no evidence, further tests for hev, epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus or other agents are conducted. | 2009 | 19436974 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a viral infection in plovdiv, bulgaria. | hepatitis a occurs throughout the world, albeit with different endemicity. the level of endemicity is determined for each country from the annual incidence rate and from the age-specific seroprevalence of anti-havt. | 2009 | 19437901 |
| bloodborne viral hepatitis infections among drug users: the role of vaccination. | drug use is a prevalent world-wide phenomenon and hepatitis virus infections are traditionally a major health problem among drug users (dus). hbv and hcv, and to a lesser extent hav, are easily transmitted through exposure to infected blood and body fluids. viral hepatitis is not inevitable for dus. licensed vaccines are available for hepatitis a and hepatitis b. the purpose of this overview is to show some epidemiological data about hbv and the other blood-borne viral hepatitis among dus and to ... | 2009 | 19440291 |
| hepatitis vaccination and prophylaxis. | the three most commonly identified causes of viral hepatitis in the united states are hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv). hundreds of millions of people worldwide are infected by these viruses; many experience illness as a result. this article discusses current recommendations for vaccination and other forms of prophylaxis aimed at minimizing the clinical effects of these viruses. | 2009 | 19442921 |
| individual pathogens, pathogen burden and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. | we examined the cross-sectional relationships of subclinical atherosclerosis - expressed by carotid intimal-medial thickness and coronary calcification - with antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae, helicobacter pylori, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, hepatitis a virus, and pathogen burden (number of positive pathogens). a random sample of 1056 individuals chosen from 5030 multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis cohort participants were included. | 2009 | 19444130 |
| sero-epidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection among healthcare workers in korean hospitals. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has been increasingly reported in korea as has an outbreak in korean healthcare workers (hcws). this 2008 study evaluated the sero-epidemiology of hav infections among 3696 hcws in four korean hospitals. hcws were tested for immunoglobulin g anti-hav antibodies using commercially available kits. data including demographic characteristics, occupation, workplace and serological status for other hepatitis viruses were collected. statistical analyses were conducted to identif ... | 2009 | 19446368 |
| virus inactivation during the freeze-drying processes as used for the manufacture of plasma-derived medicinal products. | freeze-drying is a technology widely used during the production of plasma-derived medicinal products. several studies have shown that freeze-drying can also result in virus inactivation and particularly of hepatitis a virus (hav). to date, however, the variables critical for virus inactivation during freeze-drying have not been investigated systematically. | 2009 | 19453977 |
| [features of antigen-antibody interaction during use of linear synthetic peptides and multipeptide antigen modeling antigenic determinants of hepatitis a virus]. | to study features of antigen-antibody interaction during use of linear synthetic peptides and multipeptide antigen modelling antigenic determinants of hepatitis a virus (hav) and to evaluate perspectives for use of heterogeneous tetrameric multipeptide antigens for detection of hav serological markers. | 2009 | 19459474 |
| high prevalence of autoantibodies in hepatitis a infection: the impact on laboratory profiles. | in the absence of igm antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav), hav infections can be regarded as autoimmune hepatitis when they show positive autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and lack other viral markers. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, titres and impact of autoantibodies in korean patients with hav infection. | 2009 | 19465407 |
| significant loss of hepatitis a ab after allogeneic hematopoietic sct in pediatric patients. | loss of specific immunity after hematopoietic sct (hsct) is well documented for polio, measles, mumps and tetanus. there are limited studies reporting the loss of hepatitis a virus immunity and no reports evaluating the effect of donor immunity on hepatitis a virus (hav) immunity loss after hsct. a total of 49 of the 81 patients who received hsct at the ankara university pediatric hsct unit from january 1997 to december 2006 had hav serology tested before hsct and were evaluated for seroprevalen ... | 2010 | 19465941 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus isolated from acute gastroenteritis patients in the seoul region of korea. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a major public health problem throughout the world. as a result of declining hav endemic in korea, an increasing number of children and adolescents have become susceptible to hav infection. hav is related with sanitation conditions of the environment and is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, either through person-to-person contact or by contaminated water and food. the present study has been carried out to determine the phylogenetic analysis and circulating patterns ... | 2009 | 19466614 |
| kinetics of hepatitis a virus replication in vivo and in vitro using negative-strand quantitative pcr. | the replication of hepatitis a virus (hav) is via a complementary negative-strand rna. each negative strand may serve as a template for the synthesis of many positive strands. the aim of this study was to detect the intermediate replicative (negative strand) of hav in order to monitor its replication in vitro and in vivo. real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was standardized to detect the intermediate replicative of hav in cell culture and liver from non-human primates infected experimental ... | 2009 | 19468763 |
| hepatitis vaccination and infection among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men who attend gyms in new york city. | the authors examined hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination rates, hepatitis infection, and health care access in a gym-attending sample of 311 gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (msm) in new york city. overall, 69% reported having been vaccinated for hav and 70% reported having been vaccinated for hbv. multivariate models were used to identify predictors of hav and hbv vaccination, and younger men, hiv-positive men, and men who had access to a doctor or ... | 2009 | 19477727 |
| surveillance for acute viral hepatitis - united states, 2007. | in the united states, acute viral hepatitis most frequently is caused by infection with any of three distinct viruses: hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), or hepatitis c virus (hcv). these unrelated viruses are transmitted through different routes and have different epidemiologic profiles. safe and effective vaccines have been available for hepatitis b since 1981 and for hepatitis a since 1995. no vaccine exists against hepatitis c. hbv and hcv can persist as chronic infections and ... | 2009 | 19478727 |
| pure red cell aplasia accompanied by autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient with type a viral hepatitis. | a rare case of acute hepatitis a associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (aiha) and pure red cell aplasia (prca) is reported. a 55-year-old woman consulted a doctor because of common cold-like symptoms and she was referred to our hospital in january 2007. laboratory findings showed a marked elevation of serum transaminase and total bilirubin levels (ast 9,605 iu/l, alt 5,546 iu/l and t-bil 4.14 mg/dl), and prolonged prothrombin time, findings which suggested the risk of progression to fulmin ... | 2009 | 19483404 |